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Coastal, continental, mountainous and Mediterrnean, the climate in France is

temperate, varying from west to east and especially between the north and south of the

Loire region.

France enjoys mild temperatures throughout the year: not too hot and not too cold, with a

plentiful mix of rainfall and sunshine. Naturally, each region has its own particular climate:cooler and wetter to the north and west and warmer and drier in the Mediterranean.

Inwinter, there is plenty of snow forwinter sportsenthusiasts to enjoy in mountainous areas.

More rarely, snow falls on the plains, mainly north of the Loire, and extremely rarely in Paris.

In spring, temperatures quickly rise above 20C in the south, with the first swimmers

appearing inNiceand Cannes. From the month of May, the whole of France puts on a tee-

shirt. The days lengthen and it's time to take a trip to the countryside and enjoy an aperitif on

the terrace.

Summersare hot and peaceful, the sun shining across the whole country. There aretemperatures to to suit everyone: often reaching 30C in Ajaccio andMarseille,25C in Brest

and Deauville. People top up their tans and throng the beaches. It's the perfect time to go on a

long trek in the mountains or explore the various regions of France.

Autumnmarks the return of the rain, with the weather turning cooler asChristmas

approaches. All across the country, the trees begin to show off their new colours. Walkers go

out a little more wrapped up and the days start getting shorter.

http://www.france.fr/en/coming-france/climate-france.html

Francehas four broad climatic zones: the humid seaboard zone west

of the line Bayonne-Lille with cool summers; a semi-continental

zone with cold winters and hot summers in Alsace-Lorraine, along

the rhodanian corridor and in the mountainous massifs (Alps,

Pyrenees, Massif Central); an intermediate zone with cold winters

and hot summers in the North, the Paris region and the central

region; and a Mediterranean zone with mild winters and quite hot summers in the south of

France.

Climate in theParis areais variable. There is a chance of a

downpour in spring or a thunderstorm in summer. Temperature

ranges between 20C and 26C from May through October.

Springtime in Paris is mild and relatively dry, and the autumn is

equally extended. July and August are the warmest months. Daily average maximum

temperatures range from 6C in January to 26C in August. Thewettest monthon average is

October (71 mm), when heavy Thunderstorms are possible. Brittany in the far west is the
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wettest French locale, especially between October and November. July is thedriest month

for the Bretons.

In the South, the Mediterranean coast has the driest climate with anynoticeable rain coming in spring and autumn. Provence (in the

southeast) occasionally plays reluctant host to le mistral, a strong,

cold and dry wind that blows in over the winter for periods of only a

few days up to a couple of weeks.The Mediterranean coastline and

Corsica have plenty of sunshine during the summer months, and refreshing sea breezes.

Average daily maximum temperatures reach a warm 27C in August, and an average of 12

hours ofsunshineper day. 25-30 dry days per month can be expected during the summer

season. On the Atlantic Coast and inBordeaux,the climate is generally mild with

temperatures averaging 11C in winter, up to 27C in summer, and rainfall distributed

throughout the year. With the days fresh and possibly damp in the spring and often sunny in

the autumn, the climate is one of the most important factors behind Bordeaux's high qualitywine it produces.

The weather in the French Alps varies from north to south. The northern Alps (the Savoy) are

subject to oceanic influences resulting in abundant precipitation year round with low

temperatures, andcold winterswith sometimes heavy snowfall. Briancon, in the Alps, has a

mean temperature of -2C in January, and 17C in July. During the warm season, local winds

blow along this region's wide valleys and by midday, warm air rises from the valleys, causing

clouds to form around most mountain summits. The heights can sometimes attract storms that

are both violent and spectacular. The southern Alps (Provence and the Cote D'Azur) enjoy a

typicalMediterranean climate,with lots of sunshine, dry weather, clear skies and no mist or

fog. Autumn is the best time of year in this region. Occasionally, violent storms may occur,

but they are always followed by sunny spells.

Required clothing:Light cotton clothes are needed in the summer, mediumweight in the Winter. raincoats and

waterproof clothing are especially needed in the western areas and the mountainous regions.

Wherever you go, take a sweater for cool evenings.

Koeppen-Geiger classification:Most areas of France can be classified as CfbClimate; a warm temperated humid climate

with the warmest month lower than 22C over average and four or more months above 10C

over average. The southern coast areas can be classified as CsaClimate; a warm temperated

mediterranean climate with dry, warm summers and moderate, wet winters with the warmest

month above 22C over average. The Mounainous regions of the French Alps have a Dfb

Climate; a humid Snow climate with the warmest month above 10C over average and the

coldest month below -3C.
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http://www.weatheronline.co.uk/reports/climate/France.htm

Climate

The climate of France is generally favourable to cultivation. Most of France lies in the

southern part of the temperate zone, although the subtropical zone encompasses its southern

fringe. All of France is considered to be under the effect of oceanic influences, moderated by

the North Atlantic Drift on the west and the Mediterranean Sea on the south. Average annual

temperatures decline to the north, withNiceon the Cte dAzure at 59 F (15 C) andLilleon

the northern border at 50 F (10 C). Rainfall is brought mainly by westerly winds from the

Atlantic and is characterized by cyclonic depressions. Annual precipitation is more than 50

inches (1,270 mm) at higher elevations in western and northwestern France, in the western

Pyrenees, in the Massif Central, and in the Alps and the Jura. In winter eastern France

especially may come under the influence of the continental high-pressure system, which

brings extremely cold conditions and temperature inversions over the cities, during which

cold air is trapped below warmer air, with consequent fogs and urban pollution. The climate

of France, then, can be discussed according to three major climatic zonesoceanic,

continental, and Mediterranean, with some variation in the Aquitaine Basin and in the

mountains.

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Offi cial name Rpublique Franaise (French Republic)

Form of

government

republic with two legislative houses (Parliament; Senate [348], National

Assembly [577])

Head of state President:Franois Hollande
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Head of

governmentPrime minister: Manuel Valls

Capital Paris

Offi cial language French

Offi cial religion noneMonetary uni t euro ()

Population(2013 est.) 63,853,000

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The oceanic region

The pureoceanic climateprevails in the northwest, especially in Brittany. It is characterized

by its low annual temperature variation, withBresthaving an average temperature in January

of 43 F (6 C) and in July of 61 F (16 C); by its extreme humidity and moderate rainfall

(35 inches [890 mm] of rain falling through the year), accompanied by cloudiness and haze;by the frequency and sometimes the violence of the west winds that blow almost constantly;

and by large variations in the weather, which can change several times a day. This oceanic

climate is somewhat modified toward the north, where the winters are cooler, and toward the

south, where, in the Aquitaine Basin, the winters are mild and the summers warmer. There is

also less rainfall, although atToulousegreat summer storms are quite frequent.

The continental region

The plains of the northeast are particularly affected by acontinental climate.The city of

Strasbourghas the greatest temperature range in France. Winter is cold, with an average of 83days of frost and with snow cover for several weeks, although the weather is often sunny. In

summer, storms cause maximum precipitation in the region in June and July, although total

rainfall is comparatively light.

The climate of the Paris Basin is somewhere between the oceanic and the continental. The

average yearly temperature is 53 F (11 C) in Paris. In addition, the relatively light annual

rainfall (23 inches [58 cm]) follows a pattern of moderately heavy rain in spring and early

summer and autumn, as in the oceanic countries, but the maximum amount of rain falls in

summer, with storms of the continental type. In summer, spray irrigation is needed for crops

in the continental climatic region and the Paris Basin.

The Mediterranean region

In the southeast theMediterranean climateextends over the coastal plains and penetrates the

valley of the lowerRhne Riveras far as theMontlimararea. It affects the southern Alps, thesoutheastern slopes of the Cvennes and the Noire Mountains (in the Massif Central), and the

eastern Pyrenees. The latitude and the proximity of the warm Mediterranean Sea contribute to

mild winters, with an average temperature of 47 F (8 C) in January atNiceand with only a

few days of frost. Precipitation is heavy and tends to fall in sudden downpours, especially in

the autumn and spring, whereas summer is nearly completely dry for at least three months. In

coastalLanguedoc-Roussillon,annual rainfall totals can be as low as 17 to 20 inches (430 to500 mm). It is a unique area because of its clear skies and the regularity of fine weather. This
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area is also subject to the violent north winds called themistral,which are peculiar to southern

France. The winds are caused by high-pressure areas from central France that move toward

the low-pressure areas of theGulf of Genoa.Permanent irrigation systems are characteristic

of the Mediterranean lowlands.

The Aquitaine Basin is intermediate between the oceanic and the Mediterranean climates.Winters tend toward the oceanic type, but springs and summers are warm, although less arid

than in the Mediterranean zone.

The mountains have varied climates. West-facing slopes in the Pyrenees have some of the

highest precipitation figures in France. Snow cover stays from December to the end of April

above 3,000 feet (900 metres) and is perpetual above 9,000 feet (2,700 metres) in the Alps

and 10,000 feet (3,000 metres) in the Pyrenees. Locally, the contrast between the sunny south-

facing valley slopes (adrets) and the shaded north-facing slopes (ubacs) can be of great

importance for land use and settlement, while some intermontane basins can have quiteadvantageous climates as opposed to that of the surrounding peaks and plateaus.

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