from cad to simulation run automatic grid generation and … · 2018. 2. 27. · from euler to...
TRANSCRIPT
Fro
m C
AD
to S
imul
atio
n R
un
Gam
m C
onfe
renc
e 25
– 2
8 M
arch
200
2, A
ugsb
urg,
Ger
man
y
J. H
äuse
r D
ept.
of H
PC
C, C
LE
, Sal
zgitt
er, G
erm
any
P.R
. Eis
eman
, Z. C
heng
, PD
C, W
hite
Pla
ins,
N.Y
., U
.S.A
.H
.-G
. Paa
p, H
PC
Con
sulta
nts,
Reg
ensb
urg,
Ger
man
y
Aut
omat
ic G
rid
Gen
erat
ion
and
Inte
rfac
ing
Ack
now
ledg
men
tsT
his
rese
arch
was
par
tly f
unde
d by
the
min
istr
y of
Sci
ence
an
d C
ultu
re o
f th
e St
ate
of L
ower
Sax
ony,
Ger
man
y an
d th
e E
urop
ean
Com
mis
sion
un
der
cont
ract
Ja
vaPa
r 19
97.2
62 a
nd E
XT
V 1
999.
045.
The
aut
hors
are
gra
tefu
l to
T. G
olln
ick,
T. L
udew
ig,
Dep
t. of
HPC
C, C
LE
and
Y. X
ia, E
STE
C-E
SA, N
L f
or p
rovi
ding
m
ater
ial f
or th
is p
rese
ntat
ion.
Roy
D
. W
illia
ms,
C
ente
r of
A
dvan
ced
Com
puta
tiona
l R
esea
rch,
Cal
tech
, U.S
.A.
prov
ided
com
putin
g tim
e.
The
aut
hors
are
obl
iged
to
Jean
Muy
laer
t, E
SA,
NL
for
ge
omet
ry d
ata
and
num
erou
s st
imul
atin
g di
scus
sion
s.
Pre
sent
atio
n O
verv
iew
The
fol
low
ing
topi
cs w
ill b
e di
scus
sed
wit
h va
ryin
g le
vel o
f de
tail,
eac
h be
ing
itse
lf a
maj
or r
esea
rch
area
CA
D D
ata
Con
vers
ion
Gri
d G
ener
atio
n fo
r C
ompl
ex G
eom
etri
esG
rid
gene
ratio
n an
d H
PC
CJa
vaG
rid
Con
cept
Pre
sent
atio
n O
bjec
tive
and
Sum
mar
yT
he n
eed
for
accu
rate
thr
ee-d
imen
sion
al s
imul
atio
n in
num
erou
s fi
elds
of
engi
neer
ing
and
scie
nce
for
real
pro
cess
es r
equi
res
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f ev
er
mor
e so
phis
tica
ted
thre
e-di
men
sion
al
grid
s as
w
ell
as
pow
erfu
l H
igh
Per
form
ance
Com
puti
ng a
nd C
omm
unic
atio
ns (
HP
CC
) re
sour
ces.
The
se n
otes
pre
sent
the
ste
ps f
rom
the
ori
gina
l C
AD
dat
a to
the
fin
al
sim
ulat
ed s
olut
ion.
The
Top
olog
y In
put
lang
uage
for
mul
ti-b
lock
gri
ds i
s ex
plai
ned
alon
g w
ith
the
soft
war
e A
utom
atic
Zon
ing
Man
ager
(A
Z)
for
inte
ract
ive
topo
logy
de
sign
. N
umer
ous
utili
ties
for
grid
cl
uste
ring
, m
ergi
ng,
setti
ng
BC
s fo
r so
lver
s ar
e av
aila
ble,
to
o.
Furt
herm
ore,
th
e st
rate
gy f
or p
aral
leliz
atio
n of
com
plex
gri
ds a
nd,
in p
artic
ular
, fo
r Ja
va a
s th
e la
ngua
ge f
or H
igh
Perf
orm
ance
Com
putin
g is
pre
sent
ed.
The
con
cept
of
a J
avaG
rid
is i
ntro
duce
d, t
hat
prom
ises
to
prov
ide
the
com
bine
d po
wer
of
net
wor
ked
com
puta
tiona
l re
sour
ces
for
solv
ing
mos
t co
mpl
ex s
cien
tific
an
d en
gine
erin
g pr
oble
ms
both
in g
eom
etry
and
in p
hysi
cs.
Soft
war
e G
ridP
ro O
verv
iew
AZ
-Man
ager
Grid
gen
erat
ion
engi
neC
lust
er
Mer
ge-b
lock
Wel
dU
tility
sui
te
CA
D D
ata
Con
vers
ion
Dis
cret
e Su
rfac
e D
escr
iptio
ns
Eng
inee
ring
com
puta
tion
s de
al w
ith
com
plex
geo
met
ries
.
CA
D d
ata
is i
n ge
nera
l no
t di
rect
ly u
sabl
e, s
ince
pat
ches
may
co
ntai
n ov
erla
ps,
inte
rsec
tion
s, o
r vo
ids.
The
re i
s no
gua
rant
ee
for
a cl
ose
d su
rafc
e.
Impo
rtin
g G
eom
etry
Bu
ild-i
n s
urf
ace
typ
es: p
lane
, elli
psoi
d, tu
be, l
inea
r,
perio
dic
boun
dary
Dig
ital
su
rfac
es: S
urfa
ces
base
d on
tria
ngle
s or
qu
ads,
e.g
. Par
tran
, Nas
tran
, ST
L, P
lot3
d.
Cur
rent
ly u
nder
dev
elop
men
t: IG
ES
(T
etin
is s
imila
r to
IG
ES
)
Top
olog
y In
put L
angu
age
(TIL
)
TIL
co
de
can
be
inte
gra
ted
in
to o
wn
so
ftw
are
pac
kag
es.
Exa
mp
le:
CC
AD
fro
m C
on
cep
ts, E
TI s
up
po
rts
feat
ure
s fo
r cr
eati
ng
geo
met
ry f
or
turb
o-m
ach
iner
y an
d in
ad
dit
ion
gen
erat
es T
IL c
od
e au
tom
atic
ally
.T
his
cle
arly
dem
on
stra
tes
the
flex
ibili
ty a
nd
str
eng
th o
f T
IL c
od
e.
htt
p://
ww
w.c
le.d
e/CF
D, j
h@cl
e.de
htt
p://
ww
w.c
le.d
e/CF
D, j
h@cl
e.de
Cad
Dat
a C
onve
rsio
n
Clo
sed
Sur
face
Con
stru
ctio
nA
nov
el a
lgor
ithm
that
wor
ks g
loba
lly
In o
rder
to
cons
truc
t a
clos
ed s
urfa
ce f
rom
the
CA
D p
atch
es, o
ne
need
s to
sta
rt f
rom
a c
lose
d su
rfac
e, th
at is
the
CA
D g
eom
etry
(se
e ne
xt p
ictu
re)
is e
mbe
dded
with
in a
clo
sed
surf
ace.
In
orde
r to
co
nstr
uct a
clo
sed
surf
ace
whi
ch is
topo
logi
cally
sim
ilar
sim
ilar
to
the
orig
inal
CA
D g
eom
etry
, th
e su
rrou
ndin
g sp
ace
is s
ubdi
vide
d
into
un
ifor
m
cube
s.
The
si
ze
of
a cu
be
depe
nds
on
the
char
acte
rist
ic le
ngth
sca
le o
f th
e ge
omet
ry. C
ubes
con
tain
ing
data
po
ints
, o
btai
ned
from
dis
cret
ized
C
AD
dat
a, a
re m
arke
d. A
ll ot
her
cube
s ar
e el
imin
ated
. T
hus
an
initi
al
clos
ed
surf
ace
is
obta
ined
as
show
n in
the
fol
low
ing
pict
ure.
Fin
ally
, th
e id
ea i
s to
sh
rink
the
sur
face
lik
e a
ballo
on,
and
if c
lose
, to
pro
ject
. T
he
sim
ples
t w
ay
of
auto
mat
ic
shri
nkin
g is
do
ne
by
aver
agin
g ne
ighb
orin
g da
ta p
oint
s. F
inal
ly,
shri
nkin
g ca
n be
com
bine
d by
pr
ojec
tion,
as
show
n i
n th
e fi
nal
pict
ure.
To
deal
w
ith m
ultip
ly
conn
ecte
d do
mai
ns, a
cur
vatu
re d
epen
dent
shr
inki
ng a
lgor
ithm
is
need
ed.
htt
p://
ww
w.c
le.d
e/CF
D, j
h@cl
e.de
htt
p://
ww
w.c
le.d
e/CF
D, j
h@cl
e.de
htt
p://
ww
w.c
le.d
e/CF
D, j
h@cl
e.de
Com
plex
Gri
ds a
nd th
eir
Fea
ture
s
As
an e
xam
ple
we
cons
ider
aer
ospa
ce:
In r
ecen
t ye
ars
ther
e ha
s be
en
a sl
ew
of
acti
viti
es
in
desi
gnin
g ad
vanc
ed
aero
spac
e tr
ansp
orta
tion
veh
icle
s bo
th i
n th
e U
.S. a
nd E
urop
e.
Rel
ated
gri
d ge
nera
tion
act
ivit
ies
are
in t
urbo
mac
hine
ry.
Spac
e A
ctiv
ities
and
Spi
n -O
ffs
Gri
dPro
Gri
d G
alle
ryA
eros
pace
Tur
bom
achi
nery
Aut
omot
ive
Che
mic
alF
ibre
Oth
ers
htt
p://
ww
w.c
le.d
e/CF
D, j
h@cl
e.de
htt
p://
ww
w.c
le.d
e/CF
D, j
h@cl
e.de
Tw
o-St
age
to O
rbit
Veh
icle
Con
cept
ual d
esig
n of
T
wo
stag
e to
orb
it ve
hicl
e.
Cou
rtes
y of
NA
SA
A
mes
Res
earc
h C
ente
r.
Air
bus
Gri
d
Air
bu
s g
rid
.A
grid
is p
rese
nted
fo
r an
airp
lane
co
nfig
urat
ion
cons
istin
g of
fu
sela
ge, w
ing,
and
en
gine
.
Ove
rlap
Gri
ds in
Gri
dPro
CF
D S
olut
ion
for
Gen
eric
Mis
sile
Bla
de R
ows
afte
r W
eldi
ng
Impe
ller
with
3 I
nduc
ers
120
degr
ees
perio
dic
piec
e w
ith o
ne in
duce
r an
d 3
split
ters
.T
he g
eom
etry
for
perio
dic
boun
darie
s is
aut
omat
ical
ly
dete
rmin
ed a
long
with
the
grid
.
3D L
amin
ar V
orte
x B
reak
dow
n
App
arat
us o
f S
arpk
aya/
Leib
ovic
h (1
6 V
anes
, 38
deg.
Ang
le)
D. O
. Sny
der,
R. E
. S
pall
3D L
amin
ar V
orte
x B
reak
dow
n
Col
ors
indi
cate
the
flow
velo
city
.
Top
olog
y In
put
Lan
guag
eG
rid
Gen
erat
ion
for
Com
plex
Geo
met
ries
The
bas
ic s
trat
egy
for
obta
inin
g a
com
plex
(m
ulti
bloc
k) g
rid
is
the
sepa
rati
on o
f to
polo
gy s
pace
and
phy
sica
l spa
ce.
Onc
e th
e to
polo
gy
is
spec
ifie
d,
eith
er
inte
ract
ivel
y by
, fo
r in
stan
ce, t
he G
ridP
ro A
Z-m
anag
er o
r w
riti
ng G
ridP
ro T
IL c
ode
(Top
olog
y In
put
Lan
guag
e, s
ee R
ef.
1),
sur
face
and
vol
ume
grid
s ar
e ge
nera
ted
com
plet
ely
auto
mat
ic.
In t
he f
ollo
win
g a
rela
tive
ly s
impl
e gr
id e
xam
ple
is p
rese
nted
. It
will
be
seen
tha
t hu
ndre
ds o
r th
ousa
nds
of b
lock
s of
dif
fere
nt
size
are
gen
erat
ed, n
eces
sita
ting
a s
peci
al p
aral
leliz
atio
n st
rate
gy
Des
ign
Var
iatio
n (I
nitia
l Con
figu
ratio
n)
Des
ign
Var
iatio
n (M
odif
ied
Con
figu
ratio
n)
TIL
Cod
e Sp
here
in B
ox E
xam
ple
SE
T G
RID
DE
N 8
SE
T D
ISP
LAY
.SU
RF
ON
CO
MP
ON
EN
T m
ain(
)B
EG
IN I
NP
UT
1 s
urf(
sOU
T (
0..1
));
IN
PU
T 2
cor
n(sI
N (
1:1.
.2),
cIN
(-1
6));
EN
D
CO
MP
ON
EN
T s
urf(
)B
EG
INs
0
-elli
p (1
1 1
) -
o;#
TIL
:1:1
s
1 -e
llip
(3.3
3333
3333
33 2
.5 2
) -
t 0.2
0 0
;#
GI:0
:2E
ND
Gri
d G
ener
atio
n fo
r C
ompl
ex G
eom
etri
es
Gri
d E
xam
ple:
A S
pher
e in
a T
orus
The
sol
utio
n do
mai
n is
def
ined
bet
wee
n th
e to
rus
and
the
sphe
re.
A t
opol
ogy
wir
efra
me
is c
onst
ruct
ed a
s sh
own.
Loc
al W
iref
ram
e St
ruct
ure
The
loca
l wir
efra
me
topo
logy
is b
uilt
out
side
the
mai
n w
iref
ram
e st
ruct
ure
and
then
lin
ked
to t
he m
ain
wir
efra
me
topo
logy
. The
sph
ere
give
s th
e re
al
posi
tion
of th
e lo
cal t
opol
ogy.
Gen
erat
e L
ink
Rel
atio
ns b
etw
een
the
Mai
n W
iref
ram
e St
ruct
ure
and
the
Loc
al T
opol
ogy
Posi
tion
the
Loc
al T
opol
ogy
The
loca
l wir
efra
me
topo
logy
is p
lace
d in
its
real
pos
ition
.
Gri
d T
opol
ogy
and
Fina
l Gri
d
The
fin
al g
rid
is g
ener
ated
bas
ed o
n th
e gi
ven
topo
logy
.
#TIL
cod
e B
all i
n T
orus
SET
GR
IDD
EN
8SE
T D
ISP
LA
Y.S
UR
F O
N
CO
MP
ON
EN
T m
ain(
)B
EG
IN
s 1
-im
plic
"to
rus.
h";
#ana
lyti
cal s
urfa
ce f
or t
orus
IN
PU
T 1
tor
us(s
IN (
1),c
OU
T(1
:1..4
, 2:1
..4))
;
INP
UT
2 (
0 0
1.5)
*bal
l(cI
N (
1:1.
.8);
EN
D#s
urfa
ce d
escr
ipti
on f
ile f
or t
orus
:de
fine
FU
NC
Uya
=sqr
t(y*
y+z*
z)-1
.5, 1
-(ya
*ya+
x*x)
*4
TIL
Cod
e B
all i
n T
orus
Exa
mpl
e
CO
MP
ON
EN
T b
all(
cIN
c[1
..8])
BE
GIN
s 1
-el
lip(4
4 4
); c
1 -
0.35
0.3
5 -0
.35
-s 1
-L
c:1
; c
2 -
0.35
0.3
5 0
.35
-s 1
-L
c:2
1;
. .
. c
8 0
.35
-0.3
5 -0
.35
-s 1
-L
c:8
4 7
5;
EN
D
TIL
Cod
e B
all i
n T
orus
Exa
mpl
e
AZ
-Man
ager
Top
olog
y P
anel
Grid
Pan
el
The
Top
olog
y B
uild
er P
anel
is u
sed
to i
nter
activ
ely
sele
ct s
urfa
ces
and
to c
onst
ruct
the
blo
ck t
opol
ogy,
i.e
. co
rner
s an
d ed
ges.
Sur
face
s ca
n be
im
port
ed
usin
g se
vera
l di
ffere
nt
stan
dard
s, b
ut b
uild
-in s
urfa
ces
can
also
be
used
.
The
G
rid
Vie
wer
P
anel
is
us
ed
to
view
th
e gr
id
in
vario
us
way
s an
d th
ereb
y ch
eck
its
qual
ity
by
visu
al
insp
ectio
n. F
urth
erm
ore,
glo
bal
grid
qu
ality
can
be
chec
ked
by a
pply
ing
the
utili
ty q
chk
to th
e gr
id d
ata
file.
AZ
-Man
ager
Min
i Cad
Pan
el
Pro
pert
y S
ette
r P
anel
The
min
iCA
D P
anel
is
used
to
repa
ir su
rfac
es
or
mod
ify
surf
aces
for
grid
gen
erat
ion.
The
Pro
pert
y S
ette
r P
anel
is
used
fo
r se
tting
bo
unda
ry
cond
ition
s fo
r th
e ge
nera
ted
grid
. V
ario
us
flow
so
lver
s ar
e al
read
y su
ppor
ted,
but
th
e lis
t w
ill
be
furt
her
incr
ease
d,
depe
ndin
g on
th
e ne
eds
of
our
user
s.
Gri
d ge
nera
tion
engi
ne (
Ggr
id)
Ggr
id is
the
top
olog
y an
d gr
id g
ener
atio
n en
gine
. It
uses
the
TIL
cod
e, i.
e. t
he
topo
logy
and
the
sur
face
des
crip
tion,
as
inpu
t. F
irst,
the
topo
logy
is
pars
ed.
The
n, i
n th
e se
cond
sta
ge,
a m
ulti-
bloc
k gr
id i
s ge
nera
ted.
Ggr
id p
rovi
des
algo
rithm
s to
op
timiz
e th
e gr
id
qual
ity
with
re
gard
to
sm
ooth
ness
an
d or
thog
onal
ity t
hrou
ghou
t th
e en
tire
grid
, w
hich
tra
nsla
tes
into
gre
ater
CF
D
accu
racy
and
effi
cien
cy.
Usu
ally
, G
grid
is
la
unch
ed
from
th
e A
Z-
Man
ager
af
ter
the
topo
logy
ha
s be
en
desi
gned
an
d th
e su
rfac
es
have
be
en
prep
ared
. H
owev
er,
it ca
n be
als
o la
unch
ed
from
a c
omm
and
line,
i.e
. D
OS
pro
mpt
or
UN
IX s
hell.
Thi
s gi
ves,
for
ins
tanc
e, u
sers
th
e op
port
unity
to
in
tegr
ate
Ggr
id
into
a
desi
gn l
oop.
Afte
r ge
nera
ting
the
grid
, th
e flo
w s
olve
r is
laun
ched
to
com
pute
the
flo
w
field
, fo
llow
ed
by
a po
st
optim
izer
th
at
mod
ifies
the
sur
face
s, w
hich
are
the
n us
ed
to g
ener
ate
a m
odifi
ed g
rid.
For
mod
erat
e ch
ange
s in
th
e su
rfac
e de
scrip
tion
the
topo
logy
do
es
not
have
to
be
ch
ange
d.
Thu
s, h
uman
int
erac
tion
can
be e
ntire
ly b
e re
mov
ed fr
om th
e de
sign
loop
.
Clu
ster
Nav
ier-
Sto
kes
Grid
Eul
er G
rid
Clu
ster
tool
con
vert
s E
uler
- in
to N
avie
r-S
toke
s gr
ids.
Not
e:
the
optim
ized
gr
id
qual
ity l
eads
to
a sp
eedu
p of
th
e co
nver
genc
e ra
te o
f 3
to
10,
whe
n co
mpa
red
with
tr
aditi
onal
ly g
ener
ated
gri
ds.
Clu
ster
F
rom
Eul
er to
Nav
ier-
Stok
esF
irst,
gene
rate
Eul
er g
rid, t
hen
appl
y cl
uste
r to
ol to
conv
ert i
t int
o a
Nav
ier-
Sto
kes
grid
. S
ame
Eul
er g
rid c
an
be u
sed
to g
ener
ate
Nav
ier-
Sto
kes
grid
s fo
r di
ffere
nt
Rey
nold
s nu
mbe
rs.
Var
iety
of d
iffer
ent s
trat
egie
s ar
e im
plem
ente
d to
ste
er
cell
heig
hts,
grid
line
dis
trib
utio
ns, e
tc..
Sup
port
for
mul
ti-gr
id te
chni
que.
Wor
ks a
lso
for
non
Grid
Pro
str
uctu
red
mul
ti-bl
ock
grid
s.
Util
ities
Con
vert
and
tran
slat
e da
ta fo
rmat
s
Ext
ract
cel
ls fr
om a
grid
bou
nded
by
plan
es
Ext
ends
con
nect
ivity
info
rmat
ion
for
perio
dic
and
refle
cted
bou
ndar
y co
nditi
ons
Gen
erat
e co
nnec
tivity
info
rmat
ion
base
d on
a
give
n m
ulti-
bloc
k gr
id
Ext
ract
blo
cks,
sur
face
s, o
r sh
eets
from
giv
en g
rid
data
file
Con
vert
an
elem
enta
ry m
ulti-
bloc
k gr
id in
to a
TIL
cod
e
Rev
erse
eng
inee
r a
mul
ti-bl
ock
grid
from
an
unst
ruct
ured
hex
ahed
ral g
rid
Util
ities
Con
vert
IGE
S d
ata
into
Grid
Pro
dat
a fo
rmat
Con
vert
Grid
Pro
grid
into
WIN
D in
put f
orm
at
Gen
erat
e a
ribbo
n fr
om 3
pat
h lin
es
Mer
ge tw
o gr
id fi
les
into
one
file
and
gen
erat
e co
nnec
tivity
info
rmat
ion
Mer
ge (
equi
vale
nt)
node
s an
d ce
lls b
y to
lera
nce
Grid
qua
lity
chec
ker
Pos
t pro
cess
ing
(sm
ooth
) ov
erla
p gr
id fo
rm m
rgb
-O
Util
ities
Seg
men
t gen
eral
mul
ti-bl
ock
data
into
ele
men
tary
bl
ock
data
Che
ck th
e ph
ysic
al s
ize
of d
ata
Syn
chro
nize
or
re-o
rient
blo
ck b
ound
arie
s or
blo
ck in
dice
s
Rem
ove
node
s fr
om tr
iang
ular
mes
h w
hile
pre
serv
ing
geom
etry
.
Tra
nsfo
rm g
rid d
ata
(tra
nsla
te, r
otat
e); c
oars
enin
g gr
id b
ased
on
inte
rpol
atio
n
Com
pute
pla
ner
cros
s se
ctio
n of
dig
itize
d su
rfac
e
Gri
d G
ener
atio
n an
d H
PC
C
Unt
il re
cent
ly, t
here
wer
e 3
basi
c pa
ralle
lizat
ion
stra
tegi
es
do lo
op p
aral
leliz
atio
npa
ralle
lizat
ion
of n
umer
ical
alg
orit
hm
dom
ain
deco
mpo
siti
on
With
the
adve
nt o
f Ja
va a
new
str
ateg
y em
erge
dth
read
bas
ed p
aral
leliz
atio
n
Par
alle
lizat
ion
by D
omai
n D
ecom
posi
tion
Blo
ck to
polo
gy f
or X
-33
conf
igur
atio
n
do lo
op a
nd a
lgor
ithm
par
alle
liza
tion
do
NO
T w
ork
for
com
plex
geo
met
ries
, bu
t Dom
ain
Dec
ompo
siti
on d
oes
Tas
k m
appi
ng f
or 4
62 b
lock
H
uyge
ns s
pace
pro
be
•B
lock
to
pro
cess
or
•
map
pin
g f
or
8 p
roce
sso
rs•
(i) H
euris
tic m
etho
d•
(bi
n-pa
ckin
g)•
(ii)
Rec
ursi
ve b
isec
tion
Java
Gri
d C
once
pt
how
to b
uild
a c
ompu
tatio
nal g
rid
usin
g th
e in
tern
et f
or la
rge
scal
e co
mpu
ting
appl
icat
ions
1 O
bjec
t-O
rien
ted
Pro
gram
min
g2
Rob
ustn
ess,
Und
erst
anda
bilit
y 3
Com
puta
tion
al E
ffic
ienc
y4
Con
curr
ent,
dis
trib
uted
, par
alle
l5
Por
tabi
lity
6 L
ever
agin
g B
usin
ess
Inve
stm
ent
7 M
ulti
thre
adin
g, D
ynam
ic li
nkin
g8
Dat
abas
e C
onne
ctiv
ity
9 R
emot
e M
etho
d In
voca
tion
, Int
erne
t10
Sec
urit
yJava
for
HP
CC
So
far
, sof
twar
e fo
r co
mpu
tatio
nal
scie
nce
and
engi
neer
ing
has
been
wri
tten
mai
nly
in F
ortr
an,
and
in r
ecen
t ye
ars
the
mor
e ad
vanc
ed C
pro
gram
min
g la
ngua
ge h
as b
een
empl
oyed
for
vis
ualiz
atio
n ta
sks.
Unf
ortu
nate
ly,
thes
e pr
oced
ural
la
ngua
ges
forc
e th
e pr
ogra
mm
er
to
thin
k lik
e a
com
pute
r,
brea
king
the
pro
blem
dow
n in
to a
set
of
basi
c da
ta t
ypes
. O
bjec
t-or
ient
ed
lang
uage
s, o
n th
e ot
her
hand
, al
low
pro
gram
mer
s no
t on
ly t
o th
ink
mor
e ef
fici
ently
, but
als
o to
col
labo
rate
mor
e ef
fect
ivel
y w
ith o
ther
s.
Ten
rea
sons
for
usi
ng J
ava
as th
e la
ngua
ge f
or H
PC
C
C+
+ is
an
obsc
ure,
har
d to
deb
ug, u
nrea
dabl
e an
d co
stly
lang
uage
Why
Thr
eads
are
goo
d fo
r H
PC
C
Thr
eads
pro
vide
the
gen
eral
par
alle
lizat
ion
stra
tegy
for
H
PC
cod
es. T
hrea
ds a
re a
lloca
ted
and
hand
led
by t
he O
S no
t by
the
use
r. P
roce
ssor
allo
cati
on a
nd s
ched
ulin
g is
do
ne b
y th
e O
S.
Adv
ance
d nu
mer
ical
sch
emes
, fo
r in
stan
ce,
in
CF
D,
i.e.
GM
RE
S, d
o no
t re
quir
e th
e sa
me
com
puta
tion
al w
ork
for
each
gri
d ce
ll, i.
e., l
oad
chan
ges
dyna
mic
ally
.
Wit
hout
th
read
s,
high
ly
soph
isti
cate
d (d
ynam
ic)
load
ba
lanc
ing
algo
rith
ms
are
need
ed f
or p
aral
lel e
ffic
ienc
y.
Thr
eads
allo
w s
trai
ghtf
orw
ard
impl
emen
tatio
n of
mac
ro-
and
mic
ropa
ralle
lism
X-3
3 gr
id w
ith
aero
spik
e en
gine
by
Gri
dPro
In t
his
figu
re a
mul
tibl
ock
grid
for
the
X-3
3 ve
hicl
e is
sho
wn.
Eac
h bl
ock
is r
un
in i
ts o
wn
thre
ad.
Gri
ds m
ay h
ave
thou
sand
s of
blo
cks,
and
thu
s th
e O
S ha
s to
cr
eate
the
cor
resp
ondi
ng n
umbe
r of
thr
eads
and
is
also
res
pons
ible
for
sta
rtin
g an
d st
oppi
ng a
ll th
read
s.
Rem
ote
Obj
ects
: C
lient
-Ser
ver
Clie
nt-S
erve
r co
mm
unic
atio
n th
roug
h Ja
va R
MI
(Rem
ote
Met
hod
Invo
catio
n).
Eac
h sh
ared
obj
ect
has
an i
nter
face
, co
mm
on t
o cl
ient
an
d se
rver
sid
es,
that
def
ines
wha
t m
etho
ds a
re a
vaila
ble.
The
clie
nt
can
invo
ke m
etho
ds o
n th
e ob
ject
, bu
t th
ese
are
exec
uted
on
the
serv
er w
here
the
obje
ct a
ctua
lly
resi
des.
Eve
ry
solv
er
obje
ct
cont
ains
th
e da
ta o
f an
d th
e nu
mer
ics
for
one
bloc
k.T
he s
olve
r cl
ass
is s
ent
from
the
cli
ent
to t
he s
erve
r th
at i
s,
diff
eren
t use
rs m
ay u
se d
iffe
rent
sol
vers
.
Par
alle
l Str
uctu
re o
f th
e Ja
vaG
rid
Stra
tegy
The
clie
nt c
ontr
ols
rem
ote
obje
cts
by i
nvok
ing
met
hods
on
them
. T
here
is
only
one
re
gist
ered
RM
I ob
ject
, th
e M
aste
r, w
hich
can
spa
wn
Sess
ions
so
that
mul
tiple
use
rs
can
wor
k. E
ach
Sess
ion
can
spaw
n a
num
ber
of N
ode
thre
ads,
eac
h of
whi
ch c
an
dyna
mic
ally
loa
d a
Solv
er,
whi
ch i
s re
spon
sibl
e fo
r co
mpu
tatio
n in
a s
ingl
e bl
ock
of
the
grid
.
Com
mun
icat
ion
betw
een
Blo
cks
(Sub
dom
ains
)
Com
mun
icat
ion
betw
een
bloc
ks. E
ach
bloc
k co
pies
the
fir
st la
yer
of in
tern
al p
oint
s in
to t
he f
ace
buff
er,
and
the
flag
is
set
to “
read
y” f
or t
hat
face
, m
eani
ng t
hat
the
neig
hbor
blo
ck c
an r
ead
it. T
he n
eigh
bor
read
s fr
om t
he b
uffe
r in
to i
ts h
alo
laye
r.
The
wor
d “T
rans
form
” re
fers
to
the
diff
icul
t pr
oble
m (
in 3
D)
of m
appi
ng t
he f
ace
arra
y to
one
fac
e of
the
blo
ck, o
r ot
her
prot
ocol
tra
nsla
tion
fro
m b
lock
to
bloc
k.
Java
Par
alle
l Mat
rix
Mul
tiply
Par
alle
l mat
rix
mul
tipl
icat
ion
is im
plem
ente
d by
blo
ck
mat
rice
s, a
s sh
own
in t
he F
igur
e M
atri
ces
A a
nd B
are
m
ulti
plie
d to
pro
duce
C
Th
e m
ult
i-th
read
ed m
atri
x m
ult
iplic
atio
n i
s p
erfo
rmed
by
split
tin
g m
atri
x C
into
par
titi
on
s. E
ach
par
titi
on
is t
hen
cal
cula
ted
by
on
e th
read
, wit
h t
he
thre
ad
nu
mb
erin
g a
s sh
ow
n
for
mat
rix
C.
Co
ncu
rren
t ac
cess
to
th
e m
emo
ry c
on
tain
ing
A a
nd
B i
s n
eces
sary
: h
ere
we
see
the
mem
ory
th
at
thre
ad 2
acc
esse
s.
AB
C
T2
T1
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
T8
T9
T10
T11
T12
T13
T14
T15
T0
Mul
ti-t
hrea
ded
Mat
rix
Mul
tipl
icat
ion
HP
usi
ng 1
6 C
PU
s H
P u
sing
1 C
PU
Sun
usi
ng 4
CP
Us
30x3
030
0x30
030
x30
300x
300
30x3
030
0x30
01
7.01
8.64
6.51
8.66
13.4
09.
064
11.3
833
.49
3.86
8.68
19.2
123
.56
96.
3372
.53
2.40
8.73
12.2
522
.00
1611
8.68
8.69
28.1
325
2.62
112.
971.
048.
655.
1427
.84
361.
8311
0.66
0.75
8.64
3.75
30.0
710
00.
6410
9.53
0.29
8.44
1.57
33.9
3
num
ber
of
thre
ads
Meg
aflo
p ra
tes
for
the
pure
Jav
a m
ultit
hrea
ded
mat
rix-m
ultip
ly b
ench
mar
k.
On
the
HP
arch
itect
ure
a m
axim
al s
peed
up o
f 13
,74
usin
g 16
pro
cess
ors
for
the
300x
300
mat
rix
exam
ple
was
mea
sure
d.
Java
Par
alle
l Eul
er S
olve
r
tim
e in
seco
nds
single
pro
cess
orm
ulti p
roce
ssor
(16)
1612
1104
3246
.73
541.
136.
0016
2007
0469
08.8
810
77.2
06.
4116
4844
1612
905.
8827
20.4
84.
7448
1188
0329
80.9
322
5.76
13.2
048
2028
0051
90.5
443
6.09
11.9
048
4800
0012
663.
3011
62.5
410
.89
num
ber o
f blo
cks
num
ber o
f ce
llspa
ralle
l sp
eedu
p
Cal
tech
HP
V-C
lass
tim
es f
or 3
20 it
erat
ions
Con
clus
ions
Bot
h st
ruct
ured
as
wel
l as
uns
truc
ture
d he
xahe
dral
gri
ds
can
be
inte
ract
ivel
y co
nstr
ucte
d fo
r ve
ry
com
plex
ge
omet
ries
pro
vidi
ng e
xtre
mel
y hi
gh g
rid
qual
ity.
In la
rge
scal
e co
mpu
tatio
ns a
3 to
10
fold
spe
ed u
p ha
s be
en
obse
rved
in c
ompa
riso
n w
ith tr
aditi
onal
ly g
ener
ated
gri
ds.
Mul
tiblo
ck
grid
s ar
e st
raig
htfo
rwar
d to
pa
ralle
lize
achi
evin
g pe
rfec
t lin
ear
para
llel s
cala
bilit
y.
The
Jav
a th
read
con
cept
has
pro
ved
extr
emel
y w
ell
suite
d fo
r la
rge
scal
e pa
ralle
lizat
ion
and
for
Gri
d co
mpu
ting.
Java
with
its
OO
P d
esig
n an
d un
ique
Int
erne
t an
d se
curi
ty
feat
ures
is
th
e la
ngua
ge
for
HP
CC
in
sc
ienc
e an
d en
gine
erin
g.N
umer
ical
per
form
ance
riv
als
or e
xcee
ds C
++
.
Fut
ure
Wor
k
- ha
ndlin
g of
larg
e nu
mbe
r of
thre
ads
(up
to te
n th
ousa
nd)
- dy
nam
ic lo
ad b
alan
cing
of
the
OS
with
reg
ard
to th
read
allo
cati
on-
exte
nsio
n to
dis
trib
uted
par
alle
l arc
hite
ctur
es (
Java
Spa
ces)
The
re i
s no
dou
bt t
hat
Java
is
the
mos
t ef
fect
ive
and
effi
cien
t la
ngua
ge f
or s
cien
tifi
c an
d t
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