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3rd International PLASTiCE Conference Future of Bioplastics October 1-2 nd 2013, Warsaw, Poland COBRO – Packaging Research Institute Konstancińska 11 Street, 02-942 Warsaw Poland Projekt współfinansowany jest ze środków Unii Europejskiej - Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego w ramach Programu dla Europy Środkowej, 3CE368P1, www.plastice.org This project is implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme and co-financed by the ERDF

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Page 1: Future of  · PDF fileFuture of Bioplastics October 1-2nd 2013, Warsaw, Poland ... PHA (PHB) EcoWorks ... HRI CEN/TR 15351:2008

3rd International PLASTiCE Conference

Future of Bioplastics

October 1-2nd 2013, Warsaw, Poland

COBRO – Packaging Research Institute Konstancińska 11 Street,

02-942 Warsaw Poland

Projekt współfinansowany jest ze środków Unii Europejskiej - Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego w ramach Programu dla Europy Środkowej, 3CE368P1, www.plastice.org

This project is implemented through the CENTRAL EUROPE Programme and co-financed by the ERDF

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Sustainable Plastics in CroatiaSustainable Plastics in Croatia

Maja RujniMaja Rujnićć‐‐SokeleSokele, Gordana Bari, Gordana BariććFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval 

Architecture, University of ZagrebArchitecture, University of ZagrebOctober 1st 2013, Warsaw, Poland

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ContentsContents

Plastics production in CroatiaPlastics production in CroatiaBioplastics in CroatiaBioplastics in CroatiaMarineCleanMarineClean projectprojectCroatian standards Croatian standards related to bioplasticsrelated to bioplasticsActivities and future plansActivities and future plans

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C R O

A T I

A

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Statistical dataStatistical data

Independent republic since 8th October 1991Total area – 87,661 km2

One of so‐called country in transitionOn 1st July 2013 Croatia became 28th EU memberEconomy indicators for year 2012Total population – 4,2 millionsCapital – Zagreb (800,000 inhabitants)GDP (current prices) – € 43.6 billions GDP per capita – € 10,300

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Croatian plastics and rubber industryCroatian plastics and rubber industry

Once has been a remarkable part of Croatian industry but right now is fighting with numerous problems.Number of companies, employees and production have been significantly decreased but according to the last indicators situation is slowly becoming better in processing sector.

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Little about historyLittle about history

Production of plastics in Croatia started in 1945 with the first quantities (6 tons) of phenol‐formaldehyde (bakelite) (Chromos, Zagreb)1949 – PVC1963 – LDPE and PS1974 – rigid PVC1985 – new plant for LDPE was built (DINA)

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Production of plasticsProduction of plastics

Three companies, ~1,100 Three companies, ~1,100 employeesemployeesTodayToday’’s capacities:s capacities:DIOKI d.d.DIOKI d.d. – 150,000 tons of 150,000 tons of LDPELDPE, 50,000 tons , 50,000 tons of PS and 15,000 of of PS and 15,000 of EPS; due to different EPS; due to different problems problems DIOKIDIOKI is not producing right now, is not producing right now, employees employees are are in in waitingwaitingCHROMOS CHROMOS – Tvornica smola d.d.Tvornica smola d.d. – 20,000 20,000 tons of  tons of  unsaturated polyesters, acryl and alkyd resins, unsaturated polyesters, acryl and alkyd resins, polyol and vinylpolyol and vinyl‐‐estersestersORIOLIK d.d.ORIOLIK d.d. – 3,500 tons of rigid and flexible 3,500 tons of rigid and flexible PUR foamsPUR foams

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Production of plastics in CroatiaProduction of plastics in Croatia(2000(2000‐‐2012)2012)

1990: 370,000 tons

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Import and Import and export of export of plastic plastic materials materials in in millions US$millions US$(2003(2003‐‐2012)2012)

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Processing of plastics and rubberProcessing of plastics and rubber

628 companies 628 companies withwith ~~6,177 6,177 employees (employees (2012)2012)45% 45% are are actuallyactually involved in processing of plastics involved in processing of plastics and rubberand rubberTThere here are also companies registered in completely are also companies registered in completely different industrial branches, but with different industrial branches, but with plasticplasticssprocessing as their basic activityprocessing as their basic activitySSignificaignificantntly ly fragmented fragmented industryindustry 9977% % small small companiescompanies, , 18 18 middle middle companiescompanies, , 2 2 big big comcomppaniesanies((according according to to Croatian Croatian Accounting LowAccounting Low))

1,200 1,200 craftsman with craftsman with ~~1,700 1,700 employeesemployees

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Import and export of Import and export of plastic plastic products products in in millions US$millions US$ (2003(2003‐‐2012)2012)

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Production of Production of plastic plastic and rubber and rubber partsparts(2000(2000‐‐2012)2012)

1990: 125,000 tons of finished plastics products, > 37,000 tons of various rubber products

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EndEnd‐‐use applications for plastics use applications for plastics processed in Croatia in processed in Croatia in 20122012

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Bioplastics in Croatia / 1Bioplastics in Croatia / 1

EcoCortecEcoCortec, Beli Manastir, Croatia, Beli Manastir, CroatiaManufacturing of biodegradable films and Manufacturing of biodegradable films and bagsbagsTypes of biodegradable plasticsTypes of biodegradable plasticsEcoOceanEcoOcean™™ –– marine degradable film based on marine degradable film based on PHA (PHB)PHA (PHB)EcoWorksEcoWorks™™ –– biodegradable and compostable biodegradable and compostable film based on PLAfilm based on PLAEcoFilmEcoFilm™™ –– biodegradable and compostable biodegradable and compostable fossilfossil‐‐based plasticsbased plastics

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Bioplastics in Croatia / 2Bioplastics in Croatia / 2

WeltplastWeltplast, Posu, Posuššje, BiH and Split, Croatiaje, BiH and Split, CroatiaManufacturing of films and bagsManufacturing of films and bagsEcoWeltEcoWelt®® –– biodegradable fossilbiodegradable fossil‐‐based plastics based plastics (BASF)(BASF)

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ProjectProject MarineCleanMarineClean

Marine Marine debris removal and preventing debris removal and preventing further litter further litter entryentryCIP EcoCIP Eco‐‐innovation 2010 innovation 2010 –– Contract Contract ECO/10/277396/SI2.601543ECO/10/277396/SI2.601543CoordinatorCoordinator: :  TURNA d.o.o.TURNA d.o.o., , SloveniaSloveniaTechnology center Technology center PoliEko PoliEko –– operative operative coordinatorcoordinator

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Project dataProject data

Start of the project: Start of the project: 11stst November 2011November 2011DurationDuration: 3 years: 3 yearsProject Project budget: 1.1 mio budget: 1.1 mio €€

Edible and biodegradable food 

packaging

Smart fishing equipment

Marine litter removing equipment

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EcoOceanEcoOcean™™

Poly(hydroxybutyrate) base (PHB) ––contains 77% of biobased materialThe material degrades in:seawater (i.e. seas and oceans) (ASTM D7091)anaerobic environment (ASTM D5511)municipal compost and industrial composting plant under controlled conditions (ASTM D6400)soil and water.

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Applicability of the material for the packaging  in contact with food

Testing of overall migration and specific migrations and microbiological purity according to Regulations NN 125/09, Article 33, Item 1, which correspond to the European Regulations EC 1935/2004 and EU 10/2011.Testing was carried out on a foil in the original and unused form of 0.25 mm thickness.

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Microbiological purityMicrobiological purity

10 ml of sterile saline solutionTest specimen corresponds to the regulations for the direct contact with foodin the initial diluted swab there were no 

isolated enterobacteriaceae, staphylococcusaureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and aerobic maesophylic bacteria.

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Overall migrationOverall migration

Standards HRN EN 1186‐5 ( Test methods for overall migration into aqueous food simulants by cell) and HRN EN 1186‐14 (Test methods for „substitute tests“ for overall migration from plastics intended to come into contact with fatty foodstuffs using test media iso‐octane and 95 % ethanol)TLV <10 mg/dm2

Solution Overall migration Compliance with TLV

Acid (3% acetic acid) 181.8 ± 2 mg/dm2 Does not comply

Neutral(distilled water) 

9.7 ± 2 mg/dm2 Complies

Fatty (iso‐octane) 7.1 ± 3 mg/dm2 Complies

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Specific migrationsSpecific migrations

Metal Specific migration, µg/L

Ag <4Al 25,7As <10Ba <12Be <0,1Bi <10Cd <2Co <2Cr 2,1Cu 17Fe 61,2

Metal Specific migration, µg/L

Mn 8,7Ni <2Pb <0,1Sb <5Se <6Sn <13Sr 129,8Tl <12V <2Zn <0,1

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Strontium?Strontium?

Two possible reasons of high strontium:EcoOcean™ is a biodegradable material which contains sugars. The strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)2) dissolved in water produces strong alkali, and also generates hydrates and is applied in sugar refining, which is probably the reason why it is present in such large quantities. It is also possible that various marine degradable additives (usually starch and glucose) are added to the material, and strontium serves as their stabilizer.

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Standards  (HRN)/ 1Standards  (HRN)/ 1

Technical committee Technical committee PackagingPackaging::HRN EN 13432/AC:2006 HRN EN 13432/AC:2006 (Requirements for packaging recoverable (Requirements for packaging recoverable through composting and biodegradation)through composting and biodegradation)HRN EN 14045:2004 HRN EN 14045:2004 (Evaluation of disintegration of packaging (Evaluation of disintegration of packaging materials in practical oriented tests under defined composting cmaterials in practical oriented tests under defined composting conditions)onditions)HRN EN 14046:2004 HRN EN 14046:2004 (Evaluation of the ultimate aerobic (Evaluation of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability and disintegration of packaging materials underbiodegradability and disintegration of packaging materials undercontrolled composting conditions controlled composting conditions –– Method by analysis of released carbon Method by analysis of released carbon dioxide)dioxide)HRN EN 14047:2004 HRN EN 14047:2004 (Determination of the ultimate biodegradability of (Determination of the ultimate biodegradability of packaging material in an aqeous medium packaging material in an aqeous medium –– Method by analysis of evolved Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide)carbon dioxide)HRN EN 14048:2004 HRN EN 14048:2004 (Determination of the ultimate aerobic (Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of packaging materials in an aqeous medium biodegradability of packaging materials in an aqeous medium –– Method by Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer)measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer)HRN EN 14806:2008HRN EN 14806:2008 (Preliminary evaluation of the disintegration of (Preliminary evaluation of the disintegration of packaging materials under simulated composting conditions in a packaging materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratory scale test)laboratory scale test)

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Standards  (HRN)/ 2Standards  (HRN)/ 2

Technical committee Technical committee Plastics and rubberPlastics and rubber::HRN EN ISO 14851:2008HRN EN ISO 14851:2008 (Determination of the ultimate aerobic (Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqeous medium biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqeous medium –– Method by measuring Method by measuring the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer)the oxygen demand in a closed respirometer)HRN EN ISO HRN EN ISO 14852:2008 14852:2008 ((Determination of the ultimate aerobic Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqeous medium biodegradability of plastic materials in an aqeous medium –– Method by Method by analysis of analysis of evolved carbon dioxide)evolved carbon dioxide)HRN EN ISO 14855HRN EN ISO 14855‐‐1:2013 1:2013 ((Determination of the ultimate aerobic Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions under controlled composting conditions ––Method by Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide analysis of evolved carbon dioxide –– Part 1: General method)Part 1: General method)HRN EN ISO HRN EN ISO 1485514855‐‐2:2010 2:2010 (Determination of the ultimate aerobic (Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials under controlled compostinbiodegradability of plastic materials under controlled composting conditions g conditions ––Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide Method by analysis of evolved carbon dioxide –– Part Part 2: Gravimetric measurement of 2: Gravimetric measurement of carbon dioxide evolved in a laboratorycarbon dioxide evolved in a laboratory‐‐scale test)scale test)HRN EN HRN EN 14995:2008 14995:2008 ((Evaluation of compostability Evaluation of compostability –– Test scheme and Test scheme and specifications)specifications)HRN EN ISO HRN EN ISO 17556:2012 17556:2012 (Determination of the ultimate aerobic (Determination of the ultimate aerobic biodegradability of plastic materials biodegradability of plastic materials in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a in soil by measuring the oxygen demand in a respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved)respirometer or the amount of carbon dioxide evolved)HRN EN ISO 20200:2008 HRN EN ISO 20200:2008 (Determination of the degree of disintegration of (Determination of the degree of disintegration of plastic materials under simulated composting conditions in a labplastic materials under simulated composting conditions in a laboratoryoratory‐‐scale test)scale test)

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Technical specifications and reports  Technical specifications and reports  (HRS and HRI)(HRS and HRI)

Technical committee Technical committee Plastics and rubberPlastics and rubber::HRI CEN/TR 15351:2008 HRI CEN/TR 15351:2008 (Guide for vocabulary in the field (Guide for vocabulary in the field of degradable and biodegradable polymers and plastic items)of degradable and biodegradable polymers and plastic items)HRI CEN/TR 15822:2010 HRI CEN/TR 15822:2010 (Biodegradable plastics in or on (Biodegradable plastics in or on soil soil –– Recovery, disposal and related environmental issues)Recovery, disposal and related environmental issues)HRI CEN/TR 15932:2010  HRI CEN/TR 15932:2010  (Recommendation for terminology (Recommendation for terminology and characterisation of biopolymers and bioplastics)and characterisation of biopolymers and bioplastics)HRS CEN/TS 16398:2012 HRS CEN/TS 16398:2012 (Template for reporting and (Template for reporting and communication of biocommunication of bio‐‐based carbon content and recovery based carbon content and recovery options of biopolymers and bioplastics options of biopolymers and bioplastics –– Data sheet) Data sheet) 

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Activities and future plansActivities and future plans

Croatian plastics and rubber journal Croatian plastics and rubber journal Polimeri Polimeri –– column about bioplasticscolumn about bioplasticsNovember 2012 –– the Society of Plastic and Rubber Engineers (SPRE) held the first conference dedicated to bioplasticsSetting up national focal and info point about bioplastics (translation in progress)Croatian Chamber of Economy, Industry sector, is planning a strategy regardingbioplastics in the near future.