gamomcemloba

`saqarTvelos macne~

ISBN 99940-66-10-2

redaqtori: goCa guguSvili _ Tbilisis sasuliero akademia-seminariis pedagogi, istoriis mecnierebaTa kandidati

naSromi momzadebulia saqarTvelos sapatriarqos siw mindeTa moZiebis da dacvis ganyofilebaSi.ibeWdeba ganyofilebis xelmZRvanelis, maRalyov-

ladusamRvdeloesi nikorwmindeli mTavarepiskopos elises (joxaZe) locva-kurTxeviT.

© vaJa gobejiSvili

wigni gamodis avtoris xarjiT

raWis monastrebi

vaJa gobejiSvili

Tb il i s i _ 2 0 0 6

Zveli, mdidari da mravalmxrivi yofila samonastro cxovreba

raWaSi. namonastralTa dRevandeli mdgomareoba da moRweuli

werilobiTi sabuTebi amis utyuari dasturia.

raWis monasterTa kvalze damdgars, Tavidan ar megona da verc

warmovidgendi, rom 30-mde Zvel savanesTan momiwevda fexis dadg-

ma... ar movelodi Tu amden monasterSi aRasrulebdnen TavianT

wminda samsaxurs bermonazvnebi.

Cvens xelT arsebuli werilobiTi wyaroebi da moZiebuli ma-

sala, cxadia, ar aris sakmarisi raWaSi samonastro cxovrebis

sruli saxiT warmosaCenad da arc gvqonia amis ganzraxva. Cveni

mokrZalebuli mizani iyo _ mcirediT, nawilobriv mainc gveCene-

bina bermonazonTa daucxromeli moRvaweobis masStabebi da are-

ali. Tu ramdenad SevZeliT, mkiTxvelma gansajos.

a v t o r i

fotomasalis kompiuterul damuSavebaSi xelSewyobisa da ram-denime fotosuraTis mowodebisaTvis madlobas vwirav gaz. `sapa-

triarqos uwyebanis~ TanamSromels _ luarsab togoniZes.

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vuZRvni sasuliero da sazogado moR vawis, pedagogisa da publicistis – mama mixeil gavaSeliSvilis naTel

xsovnas

S e s a v a l i

`ar aris siCumeze ufro tkbili musika;

ar aris imaze Rrma sityvebi, vidre mdumarebaa;

ar aris dedamiwis ferTagan ufro mSvenieri,

vidre wyvdiadi gamoqvabulis senakisa, romelSic

anaqoreti (gandegili) loculobs~.

arqimandriti rafaeli

raWis miwa uamrav saidumlos inaxavs. jer kidev miukvleveli da amoucnobia bevri ram, Cven winaparTa moRvaweobas rom mohfenda met naTels. adreul epo-qaTa arqeologiuri Zeglebis garda, blomadaa qris-tianuli xanis eklesia-monasterTa naSTebi, romelTa Seqmnisa da ganviTarebis Sesaxebac cota ram Tu viciT, an saerTod araferi.

raWis eklesia-monastrebisa da aq daculi siZvelee-bis mecnieruli Seswavla daiwyo XIX saukuneSi da grZeldeba dRemde. mari brosem, dimitri baqraZem, pras-kovia uvarovam, eqvTime TayaiSvilma da sxvebma mniSven-lovani gamokvlevebi dagvitoves. udidesi Sroma gas-wia am mimarTulebiT didma mkvlevarma, sulkurTxeul-

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ma giorgi boWoriZem 1920-ian wlebSi. misi ZalisxmeviT moxerxda gadarCenili saeklesio faseulobebis saim-edod dabinaveba da aRwera. manve Seiswavla raWis mra-vali taZari, romelTa didma nawilmac Cvenamde veRar moaRwia da mxolod miseuli aRwerilobiT vicnobT.

Seswavlili uTuod xelSesaxebia, magram kv-lav problematuria sakiTxi raWaSi qristiano-bis gavrcelebis drois da masStabebis Sesaxeb, rac gamowveulia am mxriv kvleva-Ziebis naklebobiT. ad-reqristianuli Zeglebis arqeologiuri Seswavla bevr kiTxvas gascemda pasuxs, rac dRemde ar xerxdeba garkveul mizezTa gamo. am sakiTxs Seexo Tavis droze giorgi boWoriZe, romelic werda: `saidan iyo Setani-li qristianoba raWaSi an sad iyo misi pirveli kera? es sakiTxi, rasakvirvelia, did Seswavlas moiTxovs da gadawyvetiT amis Tqma jerjerobiT naadrevia, xolo me moviyvan aq winaswar mosazrebebs, romlebic, SesaZlebe-lia, momavalma kvleva-Ziebam gaamarTlos.

qristianoba raWaSi aRmosavleTidan, qarTlidan (mcxe Tidan) unda Sesuliyo. amas gveubneba is saxeli, romelsac atarebs aq erT-erTi soflis Zegli. sof. joisubanSi aris eklesia, romelsac ewodeba `mcxeTis~ wm. giorgis eklesia. aq unda yofiliyo uZvelesi xa-nis xuroTmoZRvrebis erTi ZeglTagani, romelic exla Tumca pirvandeli saxiT aRar arsebobs, magram misgan darCenilia SesaniSnavi qandakebani da warweriani qvebi, romelnic dRes amSveneben gadakeTebul-ganaxlebuls Tu Semdegi xanis eklesiis aRmosavleT sarkmels da Crdilo kedels...

amrigad, pirveli kera qristianobisa raWaSi unda yofiliyo joisubnis `mcxeTis~ wm. giorgis eklesiis adgilas; aq dawyebula kultura, aq aSenebula xuroT-moZRvrebis Zegli VIII-IX saukuneebSi, romlis Sesan-

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iSnavma naSTebma Cvenamde moaRwies. aqedan kultura TandaTanobiT vrceldeba mTel raWaSi da saukuneTa sigrZeze iqmneba kulturis axal-axali centrebi~.

didi dro ar gasula am mosazrebis gamoTqmidan, rom 1930-iani wlebis bolos, rionis zemo welSi, sof. Rebis teritoriaze, farTo masStabis arqeologiuri samuSaoebi gaiSala, gamoCenili arqeologis germane gobejiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT. saqveynod cnobili brilis nekropolis (Cv. w. IV saukunis) samarxebSi aR-moCnda qristianuli wesiT dakrZalul micvalebul-Ta ConCxebi, ris Sesaxebac mecnieri wers: `istoriuli drois grZel monakveTze micvalebulni mokuntviT umarxavT ubralo ormoebsa da qvis samarxebSi. zeda fenaSi, albaT dakrZalvis qristianuli wesebis gav-leniT, zurgze gaSotil, gulxeldakrefil da TaviT dasavleTisaken damxobil ConCxebsac vxvdebiT. ro-gorc Cans, gaqristianebulma mosaxleobam warmarTuli sasaflao male gaauqma. feodaluri drois samarovani saZebnelia iqve axlo, wminda giorgis eklesiis nan-grevebTan.~

es aris, meti rom ar vTqvaT, umniSvnelovanesi da sensaciuri aRmoCena, da ra kargi iqneboda, giorgi bo-WoriZec moswreboda, romelic yovlad usamarTlod Seewira represiebs.

brilis X-XI saukuneebis, Sirimis Tlili qviT nagebi, wminda giorgis eklesia daingra XIX saukune-Si (eklesiis Camoqceva daaCqara ufro adre sof. bri-lis mosaxleobisagan daclam). dRes misi saZirkveli da kedlebis mcire nawiliRaa darCenili. eWvs gareSea, rom manamde aq ufro Zveli taZari unda yofiliyo, raki ase Sors midis qristianobis gavrceleba mTaraWaSi.

vidre sxvaganac ar aRmoCenila msgavsi an sxva sax-is damadasturebeli nivTieri Tu werilobiTi damow-

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meba, germane gobejiSvilis mier brilis samarovanze mikvleuli qristianobis gavrcelebis kvali jerjero-biT yvelaze adreulia raWis teritoriaze. Tu saidan Sevida qristianoba da gavrcelda mTaraWaSi, Sevecdeb-iT am movlenis axsnas mokled:

kargadaa cnobili, rom qarTlis gaqristianebisTa-nave es procesi daiwyo mis momijnave qarTul pro-vinciebSi da maT Soris mTian dvaleTSic. dvaleTis mosaxleobis gaqristianebas rom udides mniSvnelobas aniWebdnen qarTlis mefeebi, kargad Cans iqidanac, rom vaxtang gorgasalis mier daarsebuli (Vs.) niqozis saepiskoposos, romlis SemadgenlobaSiac liaxvis xe-oba, dvaleTi da masTan mTaraWac Sedioda, mTavari dan-iSnuleba iyo mTian mxareebSi qristianobis ganmtkice-ba. es misia niqozis saepiskoposom bolomde Seasrula. mokled, qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad aRiarebas maleve mohyva dvaleTisa da raWis mTiule-Tis moqceva. ase rom, Zveli metalurgiis umZlavresi keris _ brilis mosaxleoba qristes swavlebas eziara mcxeTidan, liaxvis xeobis gavliT.

Tu ra xdeba am dros danarCen raWaSi (raWas mx-olod pirobiTad vxmarobT, radganac es saxelwodeba X saukunidanaa cnobili, manamde ki Takverad moixse-nieba leCxumTan erTad) qristianobis gavrcelebasTan dakavSirebiT, cnobili araa. es sakTixi kvlav did Ses-wavlas moiTxovs. didi, sagangebo arqeologiuri samuS-aoebi raWaSi mxolod brilSia Catarebuli. sxva adg-ilebic elodebian arqeologebs... vin icis, ra imaleba miwis qveS...

unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli, berZnuli da romauli werilobiTi wyaroebi, aseve saeklesio wminda zepir-gadmocema, saqarTveloSi, kerZod, fazisis (rionis) xeo-baSi, qristianobis qadagebasa da gavrcelebas wminda

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mociqulebs miaweren, rac ueWvels xdis, rom qristes swavlebis naTeli pirvelsave saukuneSi moefina raWis mosaxleobas. ucnobia mxolod, Tu rogor ganviTarda movlenebi mociqulTa qadagebis Semdgom, rodis da sad aigo pirveli qristianuli samlocveloebi Tu taZrebi da a.S.

raWis warsulisa da dRevandelobis mkvlevars levan fruiZes miaCnia, rom raWa-leCxumSi pirveli qristianuli taZrebis mSeneblobis dasawyisi VI-VII saukuneebiT SeiZleba ganisazRvros, Tumca am periodis nagebobaTa naSTebi jerjerobiT mikvleuli araa. mx-olod VIII-IX saukuneebiT TariRdeba joisubnisa da meWvreTis brwyinvale taZrebi, romelTaganac marto kedlebiRaa SemorCenili da isic sanaxevrod.

eklesia-monasterTa aRmSeneblobam farTo masSta-bebi SeiZina X-XI saukuneebSi, rasac garkveulwilad xeli Seuwyo raWis Zlieri saerisTavos Camoyalibe-bamac. am dros igeba SesaniSnavi taZrebi: nikorwmindis wm. nikolozis, krixis mTavarangelozTa, mravalZalis wm. giorgis, Rviaris jvarcmis, patara onis `rakeTis~ wm. nikolozis, tbeTis mTavarangelozTa, brilis wm. giorgis, Rebis jvarcmis (SemdgomSi macxovris), bubis jvris, Sodis wm. giorgis, sxieris `mirianeuli uZra-vi~ wm. giorgis, Seubnis `sinawminda~, gorisubnis wm. barbales, miqarwmindis mTavarangelozis, mTis (lekna-ris) wm. giorgis, RadiSis wm. giorgis, boyvis mTava-rangelozis da kidev mravali saydari.

XII saukune sayovelTao aRmavlobis _ oqros xa-naa saqarTvelosi, sadac raWis saerisTavoc mZlavrobs da udidesi yuradReba eqceva sasuliero cxovrebas. TviT raWis erisTavebi _ kaxaberiZeni arian mfarveli da mzrunveli eklesia-monasterTa.

XIII saukunidan, cnobil mizezTa gamo, raWis kul-

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turuli da ekonomiuri done daqveiTebas iwyebs, rac momdevno saukuneebSiac grZeldeba. sagrZnoblad kle-bulobs rogorc mSenebloba, ise aSenebulis xuroT-moZRvrul-mxatvruli Rirebuleba.

daRmasvla daetyo raWis monastrebsac. nelinel mcirdeba rogorc savaneTa ricxvi, ise aq moRvaweTa raodenoba. Tuki ganviTarebul Sua saukuneebSi raWa, Cveni mokvleviT, 30-mde monasters iTvlida, XIX sauku-nes mxolod sami: WeliSis, veltyevisa da soris sava-neebi Sexvda moqmedi, da isic Zvelebur brwyinvalebas moklebuli, welTa daRmarTze mimavali. XX saukunes ki marto WeliSis udabno SemorCa 1930-iani wlebis bo-lomde da amiT dasrulda raWis samonastro cxovrebis mravalsaukunovani da Sinaarsiani matiane.

raWis, aw ukve, namonastralTa araerTxel monaxule-bam saSualeba momca TvalnaTliv warmomedgina aqauri bermonazvnuri cxovrebis Suq-Crdilebi, is siZneleebi, rasac monazvnebi waawydebodnen yofiT problemebTan WidilSi, metadre maRalmTian adgilebSi, sadac mxolod uflis neba, sulis simdidre da dauSreteli energia unda yofiliyo is macocxlebeli wyaro, riTac sazr-doobdnen bermonazvnebi. sxvagvarad, Tamar dedoflis kldis qvabebs, Sodisa Tu bubis savaneebs mosagre ar eyoleboda. baraqala maT garjas!

saqarTveloSi pirveli monasteri mefe vaxtang gorgasalis iniciativiT dauarsebiaT klarjeTSi (Vs.). farTo samonastro mSenebloba ki asureli mam-ebis mosvlas (VI s.) ukavSirdeba. im dros daarsda zedaznis, SiomRvimes, martyofis, daviTgarejisa da sxva savaneebi. gansakuTrebuli Zala da madli SesZina samo-nastro cxovrebas grigol xanZTelis daucxromelma moRvaweobam (VIII-IX ss.). am didebuli moRvawisa da misi mowafeebis mier tao-klarjeTSi aigo mravali

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mamaTa da dedaTa savane da maT Soris pirvelad dasav-leT saqarTveloSi _ ubis monasteri. Cveni mosazrebiT, aseve IX saukunes unda mivaweroT raWaSi bermonaz-vnuri cxovrebis Casaxva. amis Tqmis uflebas X sauku-nis monasterTa simravlec gvaZlevs.

raWaSi samonastro cxovrebis aRmavlobas didad Seuwyobda xels raWis saerisTavos Seqmna X saukunis bolos. TviT is faqti, rom raWis saxelovani erisTavi kaxaberi berad aRikveca 1030-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, bevris mimaniSnebelia. sCans, bermonazvnuri cxovreba did pativSia im drois raWaSi. amasTanave, raWis yvela mxare, mTisa da baris soflebi, mWidrodaa dasaxlebu-li da eklesia-monasterTa mSeneblobac gacxovelebiT mimdinareobs.

raWis sazRvrebs gareTac (dRevandeli saCxeris raioni) gamoukveTia kldeSi didi mRvimuri monasteri kaxabers, rac raWis ZlierebasTan erTad, am pirovnebis maRali sulierebis utyuari niSania. ai, ras wers vaxuS-ti batoniSvili: `... bJinevis xevs zeiT, yvirilis Crdi-loT kerZ kldezed, ars mRvime, klde didi gamokveTili, da mas Sina monasteri ugumbaTo, wiTlis brwyinvalis qviT Seni, kaxaber raWis erisTavisgan aRSenebuli. quab-sa Sina dis wyaro didi da keTili. uzis arqimandri-ti~. vin icis, iqneb am monasterSi gaatara darCenili wlebi kaxaber raWis erisTavma.

samonastro cxovreba qristianobis ganuyofeli nawili da, amasTanave, SeiZleba iTqvas, sarwmunoebis ufro maRali, siRrmiseuli gamovlenaa. monasteri ada-mianis RmerTTan siaxlovis iseT did siRrmeebs warmo-aCens, rac Cveulebriv yofaSi miuwvdomelia. samyaros Semqmnelisagan STagonebuli adamiani savaneSi midis sulieri sazrdos, siyvarulis, simSvidisa da sxva uamrav sikeTeTa mosapoveblad; xolo rac Seexeba material-

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urs _ arsebobisaTvis aucilebeli minimumiT kmayo-fildeba. cxoverbiseul siamovnebaTa daTmobas ki ga-napirobebs udidesi rwmena da sulis simtkice. swored aq aris sibrZne da STagoneba Cadebuli pirovnebis asa-maRleblad, misi moralur-zneobrivi mrwamsis gansam-tkiceblad. bermonazonTa kanonikuri, mtkiced dadge-nili wesdebiT moRvaweoba Zneli da rTulia imdenad, ramdenadac mSvenieria misi nayofi _ sulieri amaR-leba da uflis samsaxuri. WeSmariti beris piraduli bedniereba Sorsaa amqveyniuri bednierebisagan. sruli kmayofilebis gancdas is, mxolod da mxolod, suli-erad ganwmendaSi hpovebs gulmxurvale locviTa da ubiwo samsaxuriT.

berad aRkveca da savaneSi damkvidreba, Tanamedrove gagebiT, sruliadac ar niSnavs raRac idumalebriv Ta-vis TavSi Caketvas, srul gandegilobas. savane aris kurTxeuli saxli, sadac adamianma sauflo tvirTi unda zidos, Rirseulad emsaxuros sarwmunoebasa da qveyanas. aToneli beri paisi ambobs: `monazvnebi Cveni eklesiis mekavSireebi arian, isini ganeSorebian miwier dabrkolebebs, raTa mudmivi locviTi kavSiri iqonion RmerTTan da Seewion sxva adamianebs.~

gandegilTa asketuri cxovreba, romelic ZiriTa-dad damaxasiaTebeli iyo e.w. meudabnoeobis xanaSi (VI-VIII ss.), arsebiTad Seicvala momdevno saukuneebSi, roca asketurma idealebma mniSvnelovani Serbileba ganicada da ganaxlebuli samonastro mowyobis Car-CoebSi moeqca. Tumca meudabnoeoba, rogorc aseTi, yov-elTvis ganagrZobda da dResac ganagrZobs arsebobas.

monasteri berZnuli sityvaa, rac pirdapiri Targ-maniT gandegilis senaks niSnavs, ise ki bermonazonTa saeklesio krebulia, romelsac gaaCnia Tavisi wesdeba (tibikoni), samlocvelo taZari, sacxovrebeli nagebo-

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bani, Sida meurneoba da a.S.monastris wesdebas adgenda misive damaarsebeli.

magaliTad, petriwonis qarTvelTa savanis wesdeba Seadgina da xeli moawera misma amSenebelma grigol bakurianma. Seiswavla ra aRniSnuli monastris msax-urTa moRvaweoba, akad. ak. SaniZe wers: ...`yvela maT Tav-Tavis dros undoda sasmel-saWmeli, fexsacmeli da tansacmeli; monasters mamulebi hqonda da saqoneli hyavda, romelTac movla sWirdeboda, mosavlis aReba, muSebs xelfasis micema da sxva. amasTanave wirva-loc-va eklesiaSi, maSenebelTa da SemwirvelTa moxseneba, mlocvelTa da stumarTa miReba, sneulTa mkurnaloba, moxucebulTa mixedva da sxva _ yvela es sakmaod rTu-li saqme iyo da Tavidanve unda yofiliyo yvelaferi gaTvaliswinebuli, gansazRvruli da Camowerili. erTi sityviT, saWiro iyo tibikoni anu wesdeba, romelsac qarTulad Zvelad agreTve `wesi~, `gangeba~ an `wesi da gangeba~ ewodeboda.

petriwonSi grigol bakurianis-Zem aago erTi sas-neulo (saavadmyofo) da sami sastumro sxvadasxva adgilas, Seswira soflebi glexebiTurT, cixe-qalaqebi, saZovrebi, zvrebi, saTevzao tba, wisqvili da bevri sxva ram da ekonomiurad savsebiT uzrunvelyo. amas garda, Seswira saeklesio wignebi, xatebi, jvrebi, samoseli da dauarsa skola, sadac eqvsi axalgazrda swavlobda yvelafers, rac saWiro iyo saeklesio msaxurebisaTvis.

petriwonis monasterSi moRvaweobda 51 kaci. amaT-gan: 1 winamZRvari, 2 ikonomisi, 1 dekanozi, 6 mwirveli mRvdeli, 2 mTavardiakoni, 2 kerZo diakoni, 1 meWurWle, 1 mnaTe, 1 kelari anu ostigani, 1 memarne, 1 metrapeze, 1 mestumre, 2 meuZlure, 1 zedamxedveli, 1 mepure, 1 mza-reuli, 1 mekare, danarCeni ki iyvnen mgaloblebi da mefsalmuneebi.

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TanamdebobaTa pirebis Rirseba da movaleoba gansazRvruli iyo wesdebis meeqvse TavSi.~

qristianobaSi arsebobs rogorc mamaTa, ise de-daTa monasteri. monastris winamZRvris saxelwodebaa iRumeni, xolo gansakuTrebulad didi monastris _ ar-qimandriti.

monastris Semosavlebis wyaro saqarTveloSi is-toriulad sxvadasxva periodebSi gansxvavebuli iyo, magram ZiriTadad momdinareobda Semowirulebebidan (adgil-mamulebi glexebiTurT, fuli, saeklesio inven-tari, sursaT-sanovage...) da adgilobrivi samonastro meurneobidan.

qarTvel mefeTa, didebulTa da sasuliero pirTa SemweobiT aigo uamravi samonastro kompleqsi rogorc CvenTan, ise ucxoeTSi (palestina, egvipte, saberZneTi, bulgareTi...). monastrebi iyo qarTuli cnobierebis amaRlebis, kulturis, mwignobrobis mniSvnelovani kerebi. aq iqmneboda qarTuli originaluri mwerlobis margalitebi. gaSlili iyo farTo mTargmnelobiTi saqmianoba.

samonastro cxovrebis Taviseburebidan gamomdi-nare, didi, SeiZleba iTqvas, gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeboda da eniWeba monastris adgilis SerCevas. sa-gangebod arCevdnen araxmaurian, myudro garemos sasu-lieroTa rac SeiZleba meti sulieri simSvidis mo-sapoveblad da nayofieri SemoqmedebiTi saqmianobi-saTvis. Tu ra didi mniSvneloba aqvs bunebriv garemos samonastord, kargad Cans wminda aTonis mTis magali-Tze, roca Rirs mama petres wm. nikolozTan erTad gamoecxada RvTismSobeli, romelmac Tqva: `RmerTis Tavisufali msaxurebisTvis ar arsebobs imaze ukeTesi adgili, vidre aTonis mTaa, romelic me wilad mergo Cemi Zisa da RmrTisagan. dae isini, visac hnebavs ga-

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neSoros wuTisoflis SfoTs da sazrunavs, movidnen aq da mSvidad da daubrkoleblad emsaxuron RmerTs. dae amieridan es mTa Cems venaxad iwodebodes. es ad-gili Zlier miyvars da dadgeba Jami, roca igi gaivseba RmrTivsulieri moRvaweebiT. Cemi Sewevna ar moakl-deba maT, me Sevumsubuqeb maT Sromas da sneulebebs da Sevewevi, raTa mcire saxsrebiT dovlaTSi icxovron. maTi meoxi viqnebi mterTan brZolaSi da maT nayofs ganvadideb qveynierebaze~.

gaivlis dro da wminda aTonis mTaze qarTveli berebic damkvidrdebian (Xs.) da aageben STambeWdav sa-vanes.

kargadaa cnobili, rom Tavdapirvelad monastrebs mxolod bermonazvnebi agebdnen TavianTTvis, sxvaTa daxmarebis gareSe. am mxriv mdgomareoba arsebiTad Seicvala momdevno xanaSi. iv. javaxiSvili wers: `XI-XII saukuneebidan dawyebuli, axali monastrebis mome-tebuli nawili xom sul kerZo pirebis agebuli iyo da sapatronod iTvleboda~. istorikosi, qalbatoni mamisa berZniSvili ki ambobs: `monasters agebda yoveli qa-rTveli didebuli da es misi sagvareulo Rirsebis erT-erTi aucilebeli niSanic iyo. amitomac yoveli maTgani cdlobda, rom mis mier agebuli moanasteri, garegnuli lazaTis garda, qonebrivadac uzrunveli yofiliyo.~

Cvens xelT arsebuli werilobiTi sabuTebis gac-noba saSualebas gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom raWis monastreb-sac ar akldaT mfarveloba gavleniani kerZo pirebi-sagan maSin, roca es ukanasknelni TviTonac Zlierad gamoiyurebodnen. amis erT-erTi bolo magaliTi didi feodali _ rostom raWis ersTavia, romlis Taosno-biTa da SemweobiTac veltyevis monasterSi Zveli, da-zianebuli eklesiis nacvlad aigo axali taZari. cxa-

16

dia, rom igi sxva saxis xelSewyobasac ar daiSurebda monastrisaTvis.

kavkasionis mTebs mama rafaelma _ RvTaebriobis taxti uwoda, radganac isini uamrav saidumlos inax-aven dRemde. rasakvirvelia, aq raWac igulisxmeba, sadac saukuneebSi Caikarga bevri ram Cvengan dafaruli da maT Soris samonastro cxovrebis mniSvnelvoani mov-lenebi. zepiri gadmocema da moRweuli werilobiTi wyaroebi mxolod mcireds asaxaven im didi sulieri simdidrisas, rasac bermonazvnuri moRvaweoba hqvia. vin uwyis, raWis mTebis wiaRSi ramdenia Cvengan uxilavi mRvime, skiti, kelia, sadac uricxv meudabnoe mwirs Tu dayudebuls ucxovria. araTu mRvime gandegilTaTvis, CvenTvis ucnobia zogi monasteric ki, romelTa naSTe-bic miwiTaa dafaruli da waSlilia odesRac maTi ar-sebobis kvali, romelTa moZieba mxolod arqeologiur kvlevas SeuZlia.

qvemoT, SeZlebisdagvarad, mogvyavs mokle aRwera da warsuli im savaneebisa, romelTa Sesaxebac, ase Tu ise, SevZeliT mogvegrovebina cnobebi. aqedan bevr mon-asterze araviTari werilobiTi sabuTi ar gagvaCnda, ramac ufro gagviZnela saqme. ver SevZeli mikvleva zogierTi namonastralisa (gadamSi, bari...), romelTa Sesaxebac garkveuli miniSnebebi gagvaCnia Zvel wer-ilobiT wyaroebsa Tu TqmulebebSi. garda amisa, na-monastralebi meguleba sxva adgilebSiac. leCxumis qedis samxreT dabal kalTebze, soflebis: tola-xvan-Wkara-Corjos Tavs, tyeSi, rogorc viciT, adre ramden-ime `soCbis~ taZari yofila, iseTive, rogoric sofl Rviaris Tavs (3 km.) dResacaa SemorCenili `soCbis~ wm. giorgis eklesia. dasanania CemTvis, rom aRniSnuli taZrebis nangrevebs jerjerobiT ver mivakvlie, sadac SesaZlebelia monastris kvalic iyos, iseve rogorc

17

TviT sof. CorjoSi. monastris naSTebi unda iyos xeo-ris, jejoris, Rarulas xeobebSi da sxvaganac.

raWa martooden bunebis simSvenieriT rodi gamoirCeva, CvenTvis saamayoa misi warsulic, romlis erTi naTeli gamovlineba samonastro cxovrebaa.

2. vaJa gobejiSvili

18

nikorwmindis monasteri

erTaderTi monasteri raWaSi, romlis daarsebis TariRic zustadaa cnobili _ nikorwmindis monaste-ria. gaerTianebuli saqarTvelos mefis bagrat III-is dros agebuli samonastro ansambli, wminda nikolozis saxelze aSenebuli ubrwyinvalesi taZriT, RvTismosavi berebis myudro savaned 1014 wels iqca. savaraudoa, da asec iqneboda, rom am didebuli savanis aRmSeneblo-baSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana raWis pirvelma erisTavma rati liparitisZemac. cnobilia, rom Semd-gomSi ratis STamomavlebi _ kaxaberisZeni XI saukunis pirvel naxevarSive taZars ugeben samxreT da dasavle-Tis karibWes, amkoben Zvirfasi saeklesio inventariT, swiraven uZrav da moZrav qonebas. maTi saxelebi mox-seniebulia karibWis lapidarul warwerebSi.

nikorwmindis monastris Sesaxeb metad mniSvnelo-van cnobebs Seicavs XI saukunis sabuTi-angariSgeba, romelic Sedegnilia monastris winamZRvris mier da samecniero literaturaSi cnobilia rogorc nikorw-midelis `dawerili~. misi originali dRes aRar arse-bobs (daiwva quTaisis muzeumSi). sargis kakbaZis cno-biT sigeli dawerili yofila tyavzed (219×11,5 sm.) da aklda Tavi da bolo. amitomac cnobili araa damweris vinaoba.

`dawerili~ pirvelad, 1897 wels, gamoaqveyna Tavis qronikebSi Tedo Jordaniam, romelic aRniSnavs: `misi paleografiuli niSnebi gviCvenebs, rom sigeli dawer-ilia XI saukunis xeliT. amas eTanxmeba TviT Sinaarsi siglisa~.

`dawerilis~ Sedgenas mkvlevarebi 1071-1080 wlebs Sua aqceven da mianiSneben, rom manamde monasters ram-denime winamZRvari mainc unda hyoloda.

19

nikorwmindis monastris Sesaxeb sayuradRebo gamokvlevebi gamoaqveynes prof. Tamaz beraZem da mamisa berZniSvilma. qalbatonma mamisam Tavis monografiaSi _ `meTerTmete saukunis qarTuli saistorio wyaroebi~, Zirfesvianad gaSala `dawerilis~ Sinaarsi da, mxaris socialur-ekonomiur mowyobasTan erTad, sainteresod warmogvidgens monastris cxovrebasa da meurneobas: ̀ ...nikorwmida kaxaberiZeTa sagvareulo monasteria, xolo nikorwmideli, maTi sagvareulo monastris winamZRvari, cdilobs gazardos monastris meurneoba.

... dawerilis mixedviT, nikorwmidels mamulebi (Sewiruli da nasyidi) aqvs 31 geografiul punqtSi. aqedan 18 raWis da imereTis dResac arsebuli sofe-lia, 9 raWaSi (nikorwminda, xotevi, kaCaeTi, znakva, ximSi, Zirageuli, Sqmeri, jvarisa, agara), 9 ki imereTSi (sawire, jvarisa, cxilaTi, muxura, boboTi, Cixa, fuTi, bajiTi da okriba).

monastris meurneobis saTaveSi winamZRvari dgas. igi gvevlineba monasterSi gaerTianebuli `Zmobis~, `krebulis~ sulier mamad da xatisadmi Cabarebul mam-ul-qonebis gamged. misi uzenaesi mepatrone xatia, igi, upirveles yovlisa, mis winaSe agebs pasuxs monastris qonebis mTlianobaze.

nikorwmidels mamulebis SeZenis ramdenime wyaro aqvs: Sewiruleba, yidva, mogeba, gacvla, sazRavad aReba.

nikorwmidis monasteri sakmaod vrceli samiwo mamulebis patronad da erTob msxvil miwaTmflobe-lad warmogvidgeba. Tavis am vrcel mamulebSi nikorw-mideli eweva memindvreoba-mevenaxeobas da mesaqonleo-bas.

nikorwmideli Tavisi meurneobis gafarToebasTan erTad farTo aRmSeneblobasac eweva. aq sasaxlis ar-seboba Cveni `dawerilis~ avtoris moRvaweobamde aris

20

sagulvebeli (winamZRvari xom am monasters manamdec hyavda). mas miumatebia ara erTi sacxovrebeli da sameurneo nageboba. sasaxle xom, sacxovrebel saxlebs garda, sameurneo nagebobaTa kompleqssac gulisxmobs.

nikorwmideli Tavis meurneobas geografiuli mdebareobis mixedviT ramdenime nawilad hyofs da TiToeul am nawilSi hqmnis calke sasaxles. mag: sawiris sasaxle aerTianebs imereTis mamulebs, meore sasaxle (raWis farglebs garda) muxurSia. nikorwmi-dis garda raWaSi agebs meore sasaxles xotevis aga-raSi, romelic zeda zonas akontrolebs. nikorwmidel-is meurneobis meore mikroraioni raWaSi lemanaurisa da xotevis mTebis CrdiloeT kalTebs qveS moTavse-buli dablobia, romelic md. rionis orive napirzea gadaSlili. am mikroraionis centrad nikorwmideli sof. znakvasa hqmnis da aq agebs kidev erT sasaxles.

... safiqrebelia, rom nikorwmidelis meurneobaSi ZiriTadi adgili miwebis glexebze danawilebas eWire-boda...~

1534 wels bagrat imerTa mefem nikorwmindis mon-asteri saepiskoposod aqcia. es kargadaa cnobili im-droindeli sabuTiT: `Cven mefeT-mefeman bagrat da Tanamecxedreman Cemman dedofalTdedofalman elene... xelvyaviT aRSenebad dakninebulisa monastrisa nikoloz wmidisa da Sevqmen saydrad da saepiskop-osod da davadgine... meufe manuel...~

manuel episkopss eklesiurad daumorCila: `... okribis mTas aqeTi, nakaloebs aqeT, muxuris mTas aqeT, mTa dvaleTisa, Rebi, glola, fison gamomdinare rioni, sruliad raWa askis wyals gamoRma...~

nikorwmindis savane imTaviTve iqca raWaSi qris-tianuli religiis burjad. ager ukve aTi saukunea, rac misi madli da naTeli mTlian raWas aTbobs da asxi-

21

vosnebs. nikorwminda dResac Zvel pativSia da aqaa saepiskoposo kaTedra.

* * *Tu sasworis erT pinaze davdebT mraval keTil

saqmes da meoreze mdumarebas, mdumareba gadaswonis.wmida isaak asuri

22

WeliSis udabno

md. Sareulas mSvenier da Rrma xeobaSi, saSevardne mTis Ziras, patara davakebaa, sadac dResac dgas Weli-Sis monastris RvTismSoblis sanaxevrod dangreuli eklesia da axlad SekeTebuli samreklo, irgvliv ki samonastro ansamblis mravalgvari narCenia. monasteri, rogorc ganmartoebiT mdgari, moixsenieba WeliSis ud-abnodac.

WeliSis udabno arsebobis xangrZlivobiT raWis yvela savanes aWarbebs. aq, sul mcire, 10 saukunis ganma-vlobaSi mainc grZeldeboda bermonazonTa moRvaweoba uwyvetad.

WeliSma udidesi misia aRasrula raWis sasuli-ero da kulturul cxovrebaSi. rad Rirs Tundac is, rom raWaSi (da ara marto) moRvawe samRvdeloTa um-ravlesoba Tavis droze swored aq iRebda saRmrTo swavla-ganaTlebas. 100-ze meti moqmedi taZari xom Se-sabamisi raodenobis sasuliero pirs saWiroebda.

savanidan ramdenime aseuli metris moSorebiT, maRliT, kldeSi nakveTi qvabebia berTa da dayudebul-TaTvis, rac erTiani samonastro ansamblis Semadgenel nawils warmoadgenda. gadmocemiT, miwisqveSa gvirabic ki arsebula gamoqvabulebamde.

giorgi boWoriZe wers: `erTi uZvelesi xanis cen-trTagani unda yofiliyo WeliSi. im xanis Zegli iq ar Semonaxula. eklesia Zlier didi xnis aSenebuli ar unda iyos. igi SigniT da gareT galesilia kiriT da araviTari warwera ar uCans, vfiqrob XIV-XVI sau-kuneebisaa. uZvelesi xanis aris mxolod monastris gamoqvabulebi berTaTvis da sadayudebulo gandgom-ilTaTvis maRal kldeSi. magram WeliSi rom didi kulturis centri unda yofiliyo uZveles xanaSi, amas

23

adasturebs is xelnaweri wignebi, romlebmac moaRwies Cvenamde. erTi aseTi wignTagania etratze naweri oTx-Tavi XI saukunisa, gadatanili Semdeg xonWiorSi. am oTxTavis minaweri da masSi daculi anderZi gveubneba, rom oTxTavi WeliSis kuTvnilebaa. igive anderZi ix-senebs mraval Zvirfas Wedil da minanqrian nivTebs, romelnic gaukeTebia WeliSisaTvis daniel xanbaSuris gazrdils nikolozs. Tu XI saukuneSi aq iwereba, ibe-Wdeba, imkoba aseTi SesaniSnavi Zeglebi, cxadia, rom misi kulturis dasawyisi ufro adrindel dros mie-kuTvneba.~

ase rom, WeliSis udabnoSi bermonazonTa damkvi-dreba IX-X saukuneebs unda mivaweroT. xolo rac Se-exeba taZars, imave xanaSi unda aSenebuliyo, romelmac pirvandeli saxe dakarga da safuZvlianad SekeTda XVI saukunis meore naxevarSi, nikorwmindeli episkoposis melqisedekis (sayvareliZe) ZalisxmeviT.

WeliSis monasterSi inaxeboda uamravi Zveli qa-rTuli xelnaweri. 1902 wels arqimandritma, wminda ambrosim (eriskacobaSi besarion xelaia. SemdgomSi saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqi) eklesiis ezoSi aRmoaCina akldama, sadac inaxeboda `moqcevai qarTli-sais~ manamde ucnobi xelnaweris varianti, Satberdul-ze ufro vrceli. am mniSvnelovani aRmoCenis Sesaxeb arqimandritma vrclad auwya sazogadoebas qarTuli Jurnal-gazeTebis furclebidan.

uZvelesi xanis werilobiTi cnobebi, garda zemoT aRniSnulisa, WeliSis monastris Sesaxeb ar Semonaxu-la. mxolod XVI saukunidan moipoveba mniSvnelovani sigel-gujrebi, romlebic naTel warmodgenas gviqmnian savanisa da mis irgvliv mimdinare movlenebze.

XVI saukunis bolos Sedgenili, imereTis mefe le-van I-is Sewirulobis wigni gveubneba: `orsave taxt-

24

sa da saxel... mpyrobelman Cven RvTiv gvirguinosanma mefeTmefeman patronman leon ese wyalobis wigni da sigeli SegiwyaleT da giboZeT Tqven nikolwmindelsa baqraZesa ambroses, mas Jamsa odes Tqvenisa erTgulo-bisaTvis dagvijeniaT da vismineT aja da moxseneba Tqveni da SegiwyaleT da giboZeT xonWori srulobiT da WeliSi da namarnevs mWedliZeni.~

1637 wels WeliSis monasteri imereTis mefe gior-gi mesamem gelaTs gadasca.

saintereso cnobas Seicavs 1796 wliT daTariRe-buli beJan wereTlis Sewirulobis wigni: `q. nebiTa da SewevniTa RvTisaTa me beJan wereTelma vigule da vigulismodgine, WeliSis udabnoSid mivedi da Cemi aR-sareba Rirssa da patiosan mamebs movaxsene da wminda RvTismSobels Sevavedre suli Cemi, rom damicvas aeris mcvelisagan...

... Senma winamdegebma berebma aRTqma damidves, sanam-disi es udabno iqneba, manamdisi weliwadSid TiTo wirva xarebas ar mogeSalosT...

mowame da gamrige amisi jer RmerTia da kacTagan aris amisi mowame winamZRvari grigol, daviT beri Wox-oneliZe, nikoloz surRulaZe, beri neTsaZe, besarion, markoz, beri daviT nasraZe, beri diakvnebi, ioseliani nikoloza da sxvebi TxuTmet Teqvsmetamdisi.~

amis Semdeg, sxvadasxva dros, WeliSis udabnos adg-il-mamuls TavianTi glexebiTurTa da Zvirfas nivTebs swiraven didgvarovnebi: paata wulukiZe, nikoloz yifi-ani, nikoloz iaSvili, giorgi maCabeli da sxvebi. mefe erekle meorem ki zarebi Seswira monasters.

1819 wlis sabuTiT WeliSis monasters raWis mTel rig soflebSi 16 komli yma-glexi ekuTvnoda. amas gar-da, raWis qedze 3000 desetina tyec mis mflobelobaSi iyo. ufro adre ki monasteri gacilebiT met simdidres

25

flobda yma-glexebisa da miwis farTobebis saxiT.1902 wels gazeTma `iveriam~ (#211) gamoaqveyna

folklorist sosiko merkvilaZis werili, sadac kar-gadaa asaxuli savanis imdroindeli mdgomareoba:

`WeliSis udabnos garegani Sexeduloba da misi mdebareoba cxadad dagarwmunebT, rom Cven gvyolia nam-dvili RvTis mosavi da xalxis moyvare mamebi, romelT-ac kargad scodniaT RvTis samlocvelod da erisaTvis samoRvaweod rogori alagia saWiro. WeliSis monas-teri Semokrulia uSveleblis maRalis mTebiT, arc gza aqvs axlos da arc kvali; Znelad mas kaci miudges, Tu gul-da-gul iq ar midis. am utex da miudgomel mTeb-Sua, rogorc CaSuqebuli naTeli, sdgas oblad patara monasteri WeliSisa, galavan SemozRuduli qvitkiris kedliT da am monasterSi mavedrebel ZmaTa saxlebiT...

monastris galavan gareT mravali didroni nigvzis xeebia, patara vake, saca bostneuloba iTeseba da didi auzia kalmaxebisaTvis. mama ambrosim gviTxra, monasters zogi friad Zvirfasi etratis xel-nawerebi aqvs SesaniSnavis zed-warwerebiT, magram daexiaT zogi maTgani viRac uvicebso...

Zvelad Cveni monastrebi gvaZlevdnen mwignobrebs, mqadageblebs, mgaloblebs da saero muSakebs. mravali monasteri gvizrdida da gviwvrTnida mozard Taobas, romelsac mtkiced unergavda sarwmunebas, enis da mamu-lis siyvaruls.

gamigonia momswreebisagan da mec odnav maxsovs is dro, rodesac samRvdelod gamzadebuls diakons ise ar akurTxebdnen mRvdlad, Tu erTi an ori weliwadi romelsame gamoCenil mamaTa monasterSi ar gavidoda gasawvrTnelad da ar Seiswavlida samagaliTo wirva-locvis wess, qadagebas da mTelis oTxi wirvis wesis galobas...~

26

imave gazeTis furclebze (1903 w. #131) ki raWis samrevlo-saeklesio skolebis meTvalyure, mRvdeli simon WeliZe werda: `iyo dro, rodesac mTels raWaSi sasuliero samsaxuris mosurne WeliSis monasterSi iRebda saRmrTo swavla-ganaTlebas. aq SexvdebodiT uricxv xalxs, romelnic varjiSobdnen saeklesio ga-lobaSi da samRrTo werilis kiTxvaSi. am monasterSi naswavlni dResac msaxureben raWis eklesiebSi da at-kboben msmenelis yurs samRrTo werilis mSvenieris kiTxviTa.

magram gavida dro da am monasters moaklda mo-swavleTa ricxvi. seminarielTa raodenobam imata da monasterSi swavla miRebulni veRar Souloben sa-survels adgils. amisaTvis monastris cxovreba Se-Cerda, aRar aris is moZraoba, rasac adre vxedavdiT.

ai, am garemoebas miaqcia yuradReba awindelma WeliSis monastris winamZRvarma, didad pativcemulma arqimandritma ambrosim da surs isev ganacxovelos monastris cxovreba.

yvelasaTvis cxadia, rom axlandelni seminarielni Zlier sustoben qarTul wirva-locvaSi; amis mizezi yvelasaTvis aSkaraa. amisaTvis mama ambrosis azrada aqvs yovlad samRvdelo imereTis episkoposis leoni-dis nebarTviT is seminarielni, romlebic samRvdelod emzadebian, uTuod varjiSobdnen samRrTo werilis kiTxvaSi am monastris zRudeTa Soris. azri yovlad patiosania da, imedia, axlo momavlSi ganxorcieldeba. maSin Cven monasters xom sicocxlec moemateba.~

amrigad, arsebobis grZel monakveTze, WeliSis savane raWis saeklesio-samonastro cxovrebis umniS-vnelovanes kerad gvevlineba da mxaris mTel perimetrs moicavs.

aRsaniSnavia, rom WeliSis monastris ukanasknel

27

bers levanti metrevels 1937 wlamde ucxovria udab-noSi. mas mere didi dro gavida, bevri ram Seicvala mzisqveSeTSi da am bolo dros maRalyovladusamRvde-loesi, nikorwmideli mTavarepiskoposi elises (joxa-Ze) locva-kurTxeviTa da ZalisxmeviT gamococxleba daetyo Zvel monasters; mSvenivrad SekeTda samreklo, sadac garkveul dReebSi, vidre taZari aRdgeba, wirva-locva aRevlineba. gaCnda TavSesafaric... misi didi survilia da iRwvis imisaTvis, raTa udabnoSi kvlav Seiqmnas pirobebi bermonazonTa dasamkvidreblad, rac raWis mdidari samonastro cxovrebis aRorZinebis da-sawyisi iqneba.

RmerTma inebos!

* * *CvenTvis cnobilia WeliSis monastris 17 winamZ-

Rvari:1. arqimandriti danieli _ 1800-iani-1811 ww.2. arq. svimeoni (wulukiZe) _ 1811-1838 ww.3. arq. ioane (ioseliani) _ 1846-1852 ww.4. arq. nikolozi (niJaraZe) _ 1852-1856 ww.5. arq. onifante (nadiraZe) _ 1856-1859 ww.6. iRumeni iosebi (baqraZe ) _ 1860-1866 ww.7. arq. makari (iaSvili) _ 1867-1891 ww.8. arq. nikifore (kandelaki) _ 1892-1897 ww.9. arq. danieli (axvlediani) _ 1897-1902 ww.10. arq. ambrosi (xelaia) _ 1902-1903 ww.11. arq. grigoli (CxaiZe) _ 1903-1906 ww.12. arq. klimenti (Coqvani) _ 1906-1916 ww.13. iRumeni pavle (jafariZe) _ 1916-1917 ww.14. arq. makari _ 1917 w.15. iRumeni ioane (SaniZe) _ 1917-1918 ww.16. mRvdelmonazoni domenti _ 1918 w.

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17. arq. lavrenti (metreveli) _ 1918-1937 ww.

* * *

vinc udabnosa da mdumarebaSi cxovrobs, is sami gansacdelisagan Tavisufalia: smenis, enisa da mzeri-sagan; mas mxolod erTi gansacdeli aqvs _ sakuTari gulisagan.

wmida antoni didi

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meWvreTis monasteri

iyo dro, roca meWvreTis did monasterSi mraval-

ricxovani qarTveli berebi rudunebiT aRasrulebdnen

uflisa da qveynis samsaxurs. namonastralis monax-

uleba cxads xdis, rom odesRac sawuTros sazrunav-

sa da SfoTian cxovrebas garidebul bermonazvnebs

sof. lixeTis es Tvalwarmtaci adgili sasuliero

cxovrebis mniSvnelovan kerad uqceviaT. Zveli ekle-

siis irgvliv Senoba-nagebobaTa nangrevebi amis utyu-

ari dasturia.

unda iTqvas, rom sof. lixeTis teritoria ad-

reuli droidanve yofila dasaxlebuli. aq gaiTxara

antikuri xanis samarxi, sadac sxva nivTebTan erTad

aRmoCnda kolxuri TeTris moneta. miakvlies agreTve

feodaluri xanis madnis sadnob Rumels.

rac Seexeba meWvreTis monastris wminda giorgis

Zvel taZars, misi aSeneba VIII-IX saukuneebs miekuTvne-

ba da erT-erTi uZvelesia raWaSi. amJamad eklesiis

dangreuli kedlebis nawilia SemorCenili. Tu rogor

gamoiyureboda taZari 1920-ian wlebSi, amis Sesaxeb kar-

gad mogviTxrobs giorgi boWoriZe: `meWvreTis ekle-siis nangrevebi mdebareobs md. luxunis xeobaSi, sof. lixeTis CrdiloeTiT 1 versze, xevebis serulisa da xeoris SesarTavTan, goris dabal kalTaze, bunebiT mS-venier adgilas.

eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa (10×× 5,8 m.), romelsac samxreTiT, dasavleTiT da CrdiloeTiT miSenebuli aqvs galeriebi. dRes Senaxulia mxolod eklesiis kedlebi da CrdiloeTi galeria, dazianebuli TaRiT, danarCeni nawilisa ki mxo lod nangrevebiRa moCans.

eklesia moxatuli yofila; mxatvroba dRes naS-

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TadRa aris, CrdiloeT kedels kirze emCneva mxatvro-bis kvali; Senaxulia wiTeli mkrTali ferebi.

eklesia dauzianebiaT 1929 wels. igi ungreviaT da misi masala uzidiaT lixeTis skolis asaSeneblad.

eklesiis dasavleTiT aris did SenobaTa nangreve-bi, sadac berebis sacxovrebeli binebi unda yofiliyo; Zvelad aq monasteri yofila.

eklesiasa da sxva Senobebs garSemo galavani hqo-nia, misi dRes naSTiRa moCans. aqve aris didi xnis tye, romelsac urevia bzis xeebic.~

rac Seexeba eklesiis mxatvrobis kvals, rasac mkv-

levari aRgviwers, dRes yovelgvari niSani waSlilia.

dro TviT am didebuli Zeglis kedlebsac ar indobs

da pativcemuli mecnieris aRweris droidan sagrZnobi

cvlileba ganicada. didi xnis tye ki isev ucvleladaa

Semonaxuli da kvlav amSvenebs isedac mSvenier gare-

mos. xeorisa da serulas ulamazesi xeobebis dabo-

loeba marTlac saucxoo adgilia samonastrod.

Tu rodis Caeyara safuZveli meWvreTis monasters,

Zneli saTqmelia, magram SegviZlia vivarudoT, rom es

moxda IX saukuneSi _ taZris agebis xanaSi. es unda

yofiliyo erT-erTi Zveli savane raWaSi.

rac Seexeba samonastro cxovrebis xangrZlivobas,

SemorCenili naSTebis mdgomareobis mixedviT, SesaZloa,

rom aq gvianfeodalur xanaSic emoRvawaT berebs.

ar SeiZleba ar SeiniSnos, rom meWvreTis uZvelesi

da unikaluri taZris nangrevebic ki Cveni udidesi sim-

didrea, rasac Sesabamisi movla-patronoba esaWiroeba.

bevri, Tundac didi warsulis, qveyana inatrebda aseT

Zegls da saTuTadac mouvlida. meWvreTis, joisubnis,

Rviaris, bubis, Seubnisa da sxva mniSvnelovani taZrebis

aRdgenas Tu ver SevZlebT, maTi atmosferuli naleqebi-

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sagan dacva ki unda movaxerxoT, raTa arsebuli saxiT

mainc davutovoT momaval Taobebs. kargi iqneba Tu

mxaris mesveurebi gulTan axlos miitanen aRniSnul

sakiTxs. ar unda iyos SeuZlebeli weliwadSi Tundac

erTi Zeglis saimedod dacva da gadarCena, Tu amis

survili iqneba... marTalia, yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli

respublikis ZeglTa dacvis samsaxuris pirdapiri mov-

aleobaa, magram, sjobs ar davelodoT!

* * *

siRatake, mwuxareba, yovelives nakleboba _ ai, mon-azvnuri cxovrebis samuSao iaraRebi.

amba pimeni

32

sxieris monasteri

bermonazonTa moRvaweobis naTeli kvali amCnev-ia sof. sxieris `mirianeuli uZravi~ wminda giorgis eklesiasa da mis Semogarens. samonastro cxovrebas aq IX saukuneSi unda Cayroda safuZveli. amis Tqmis uflebas gvaZlevs aSenebis TariRi taZrisa, romelic miwisZvris (1990w.) Sedegad dRes nangrevebis saxiTaa warmodgenili.

Zeglis 1920-ini wlebis giorgi boWoriZiseuli aR-weriloba aseTia: `sxieris `mirianeuli uZravi~ wmin-da giorgis eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa (7×× 4 m.), nagebi qvitkirisagan; dasavleTiT moCans saqalebos saZirkve-li, xolo CrdiloeTiT (aRmosavleT nawilSi) _ rome-liRac Senobis nangrevi. eklesia garedan galesilia kiriT.

SigniT eklesia moxatulia; Res mxatvroba Senaxu-lia marto maRliTa nawilSi; mTeli samxreTiT kedeli da danarCeni kedlebis Zira nawili kiriTa da wamliT aris Selesili, warwerebi mxatvrobas asomTavrulad da xucurad aqvs.

eklesiaSi inaxeba qvis ficari (86 × 71 sm.), romelic Zvelad eklesiis an misi erTaderTi Senobis keedelSi unda yofiliyo gakeTebuli; masze naqandakevia ange-lozebisa da saero-sasuliero pirTa saxeebi xucuri warweriT. qandakebisa da warwerebis TvalsazrisiT Zegli (qvis ficari) ekuTvnis IX-X saukuneebs.~

arsebobs varaudi, rom Cvenamde moRweuli eklesia Zvel nataZralzea aSenebuli, rac safuZvels gvaZlevs vTqvaT, rom sxieri qristianobis erT-erTi Zveli keraa raWaSi.

unikaluria taZris kankeli, romelic X saukuniT TariRdeba da kankelTa aRmarTvis uZveles etaps gane-

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kuTvneba.im mosazrebis gansamtkiceblad, rom sxierSi uwin

monasteri arsebobda, metyvelebs mniSvnelovani faqti: sofeli sxieri taZris siaxloves mogvianebiT, gvian-feodalur xanaSi gaCnda, albaT mas Semdeg, rac bermon-azvnuri cxovreba moiSala (wyaroebSi sofeli XVIII saukunidan moixsenieba sxuaris saxelwodebiT). wminda giorgis eklesiaSi ki mRvdelmsaxureba ar Sewyvetila manam, sanam aTeizmma ar imZlavra.

sxiers rom odesRac savane yofila, amis mimaniSne-belia im 2 kilometriani wyalgayvanilobis darCenili naSTebic, romliTac sasmeli wyali miuyvaniaT monas-tramde. miwaSi Cawyobili Tixis milebi iseTive Zvelia, rogorc TviT monasteri.

marTalia, amJamad eklesiis siaxloves samonastro ansamblis sxva nagebobaTa gamokveTili niSnebis povna Wirs martivi dakvirebiT, magram ueWvelia, rom aq mi-wis arc Tu ise sqeli fenis qveS bevri ram CvenTvis saintereso imaleba... drom da adamianma xom mTlianad Secvala savanis Zveleburi saxe...

kargi mdebareoba aqvs sxieris monasters. onidan samiod kilometriT daSorebuli, SemaRlebuli adgi-li marTlacda Sesaferisia samonazvno cxovrebisaT-vis, maxloblad mdebare tye da savargulebi ki samo-nastro meurneobis mosawyobad metad mosaxerxebeli.

RvTis samsaxurSi Camdgari berebisaTvis sxieris kurTxeuli miwa myudro samyofeli da, masTan, cxoveli samoRvaweo unda yofiliyo.

* * *

3. vaJa gobejiSvili

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iyavi Sens senakSi da senaki yvelafers gaswavlis.amba mose

35

labeWinis monasteri

sof. labeWinis (dRes ukve nasoflari) midamoebSi, soflis zemoT, dgas XIII saukunis STambeWdavi bazili-kuri taZari _ mTavarangelozTa eklesia. uwin aq didi monasteri iyo. eklesia augia monastris winamZRvars gabriel labeWinels, Zlieri miwisZvrisagan dangreu-li Zveli taZris adgilas. manve Seadgina vrceli an-derZi, romelmac Cvenamde moaRwia. anderZi uZvirfases cnobebs Seicavs imdroindeli saeklesio-samonastro mowyobis Sesaxeb.

mkvlevarma levan fruiZem, gamoaqveyna (2003 w.) mono-grafiuli gamokvleva _ `sofeli labeWina da labeWi-nis monasteri~. wigni, rom ityvian, erTi amosunTqviT ikiTxeba. mecnieri siRrmiseul doneze gadmogvcems rogorc am ZvelTaZveli soflisa da iq moqmedi monas-tris, ise masTan dakavSirebuli mTliani mxaris friad saintereso istorias.

qvemoT mogvyavs mciredi nawili wignidan, rac sak-maris warmodgenas Seuqmnis mkiTxvels labeWinis sa-vaneze:

`labeWina saqarTvelos soflebs Soris erT-erTi uZvelesia, mdebareobs mdinareebis askisa da lajanuris wyalgamyof labeWinis seris samxreT-dasavleT kalT-aze. es seri, gveliTavTan erTad, raWisa da leCxumis bunebrivi sazRvaria.

labeWina qristianuli kulturis erT-erTi uZve-lesi kera iyo. prof. l. menabdis gamokvleviT, aq mdi-dari wignTsacavi unda yofiliyo, aranaklebi nikorw-mindis da WeliSis monastrebisa.

gabriel labeWinelis ukvdavi anderZiT cnobilia, rom labeWinis eklesia XIII saukuneSia agebuli, xolo mis kedlebSi Catanebuli CuqurTmiani da warwerebiani

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qvebi Zveli dangreuli eklesiisa, daTariRebulia XI-XII saukuneebiT.

sagulisxmoa, rom `labeWineloba~ tradiciadaa qceuli da labeWinis monastris winamZRvari Tavis Sem-cvlel labeWinels TviTonve zrdida.

eklesiis Semogareni samonastro nagebobebs hqonia dakavebuli, labeWineli xazgasmiT migviTiTebs: `amas qedsa zeda Tu saxlni arian, anu zRudeni arian, da Tu Wur-marani ars, raica WurWeli da raica beRelni arian, raica SeSis voda. Sevkazmi da sxuaT axlad aRvage, mravalni quab-saqvabeni da sxuani mravalni wurilmani WurWelni uklebi, romel TiTeulad ar daiwereboda, samWedloi WurWeli uklebi, vel-venaxi da yana uricxv, romeli miSenebia, mimicia da miyidia~. dakvirvebuli Tvali am nagebobaTa kvals usaTuod SeniSnavs.

monasters didi meurneoba hqonia, `uricxvi~ adg-il-mamuli, rogorc Zveli, ise gabriel labeWinelisa-gan axlad SeZenili. meurneoba da nagebobebi hqonia agreTve raWis soflebSi kvirikewmindasa da zemo aga-raSi, xolo qvemo agaraSi (znakvis `naagarevi~ unda iyos) `sapirutyvo~ saxli daudgams.

gabriel labeWinelis anderZi cxadyofs, rom labe-Winis monasteri da sof. labeWina ganviTarebuli sa-Sualo saukuneebSi mocemuli regionis (raWa-leCxumi) erT-erTi sasuliero da kulturul-sameurneo centi iyo, mowinave samonastro meurneoba-memindvreobis, gan-sakuTrebiT pureuli kulturebis (endemuri jiSebis maxasa da zanduris), mevenaxeoba-meRvineobis, xelosno-bis, kaligrafia-mwignobrobis, mwerlobis, xelovnebis, mxatvrobis, xuroTmoZRvrebis, xatweris, Wedurobis, saerTod gamoyenebiTi xelovnebis mravali dargis gan-viTarebis SesaZleblobas iZleoda da saqarTvelos am mTian mxareSi kulturuli, sisxlsavse cxovreba Cqef-

37

da.labeWinis monasters umdidresi wignTsacavi hqo-

nia, romelic XIII saukuneSi miwisZvris gamo Zlier da-zianebula. taZris xelaxla amSenebeli gabriel labe-Wineli STamomavlobas amcnobs: `movasxen mweralni da davawerine erTi didi netafrasi, da erTi svinqsari, moTxrobiani e, erTi marxvani, erTi sawinaswarmetyvloi, erTi pirveli xmai paraklitoni, cxrai Tue, erTi sto-dieli, erTi nikolozis cxovrebai, da dimitris wamebai Sesxmad da kondak-samsgefsod. amis yovlisa fasi Cemi gamicemia.~

monasteri samefo iyo, iseve rogorc maxloblad mdebare WyviSis grandiozuli cixe, romelic labeWi-nis saunjesac sdarajobda da CrdiloeT kavkasiidan Sav zRvasTan damakavSirebel umokles magistralsac ketavda.

rogorc akad. ivane javaxiSvilma cxadi gaxada, monasteri sulierebis srulyofilebis garda, mra-valmxrivi mniSvnelobis praqtikuli dawesebuleba iyo. igi Tavis samoqmedo arealSi uzrunvelyofda soflis meurneobis da mrewveloba-xelosnobis swor organizacias, yofaSi nergavda qurumul codnas, e. i. maSindeli mecnierebis miRwevebs. mosaxleoba monas-tris meurneobis magaliTze aumjobesebda sasarge-blo mcenareTa da cxovelTa jiSobriv asortiments, miwis damuSavebisa da movlis kulturas. monasterSi moRvawe bermonazvnebi, swavlulebi, RmerTis saxeliT xalxs aswavlidnen bunebrivi resursebis zomierad gamoyenebas, ekologiuri wonasworobis dacvas da a. S. gansakuTrebiT unda aRiniSnos swavla-aRzrdisa da saskolo saqmianobaSi monastrebis udidesi mniSvn-eloba. xalxSi bolo dromde iyo Semonaxuli xsovna labeWinis taZarTan sasuliero saswavleblis arse-

38

bobis Sesaxeb. jer kidev 1950-ian wlebSi labeWinel moxucTagan momismenia, rom yofila dro, roca mTeli WyviSis Temisa da askis xeobis axalgazrdoba swavla-ganaTlebas labeWinis eklesiis skolaSi iRebdao. am gadmocemaSi ueWvelad aris WeSmaritebis marcvali.

roca samefo xelisufleba dasustda da saqarT-velos daSla-daqucmaceba garduvali gaxda, labeWi-nis monasteri inasariZeebma saZvaled gaixades da sof. labeWinasac daeuflnen. adre labeWina samonastro sofeli unda yofiliyo, xolo am soflis mkvidri jin-WaraZeebi sasuliero glexebi.

giorgi (Tvalia) inasariZis gardacvalebis Sem-deg (XVIII s. pirveli meoTxedi) monasteri TandaTan dakninda. samegrelos mTavarTa axalma dinastiam mas sairmis udabnos ganaxlebuli monasteri daupirispi-ra. sabolood dadianebma, 1766 wels, labeWinis sawi-namZRvro eklesia Tavisi mrevliTa da adgil-mamuliT am ganaxlebul lavras Seswires. radganac labeWinis monasteri odesRac samefo iyo, dadianebs ki TavianT samflobeloSi mefis sakuTrebisa da saxelis amo-SanTva surdaT, miaRwies kidec amas.

rogorc irkveva, inasariZeTa soflebi da mamule-bi TandaTan dadianebma daikaves. sabolood WyviSis samefo cixesac daeuflnen da labeWinis monasteric gaauqmes.~

* * *

39

monazonma sakuTar TavSi ar unda dauSvas, rom sin-disi raimeSi amxeldes.

amba agafoni

40

veltyevis monasteri

raWis qedze, sof. sxvavidan daax. 10 km-is daSore-biT, veltyevis monastris eklesiis nangrevebia. savanis midamo vrceli velia tyeSi da veltyevic aqedan mom-dinareobs. ufro adre ki savane moixsenieboda rogorc `naTlismcemlis udabno~. aseve cnobili iyo rogorc `sxvavis monasteri~.

veltyevis monasteri ZvelTaganve raWa-imereTis damakavSirebel erT-erT ZiriTad gzaze mdebareobda da amitomac mravalgvari iyo misi daniSnuleba Tu movaleoba. aqedan kargi gza-bilikebi midioda saCxer-eSi, futieTSi, rmavalZalSi, sxvavaSi, velevSi... amJamad sxvavidan Zalze gaZnelebulia iq misvla.

naTlismcemlis udabnos eklesia didi xani araa rac daingra. giorgi boWoriZe, romelmac 1929 wels moinaxula Zveli savane, wers: `igi erTnaviani Senobaa 7× 4,6 m., dasavleTiT aqvs saqalebo. nagebia kldis qvisa da kirisagan. eklesias TaRi aqvs, saxuravi ki ara xur-avs. TaRi wyliT ari gaJRenTili, rac male Camongrevas uqadis.

eklesias dasavleTis mxares, karis maRla, udevs qva mxedruli warweriT. warwera dasrulebuli ar aris, sityva gawyvetilia; amasve gvafiqrebinebs is gare-moeba, rom qva dawerilia mxolod zeviTa nawilSi, e. i. naxevrad. qveda nawili ki dauwerelia.

:q: me: TviT: mpyrobelman: lixT:raWisaman: erisTavman rostom: aRvaSene: udabno: veltyevsa: eklesia naTlisamcemlisa: gansaZliereblada: da welmrav-

lobisa:rogorc am werilidan Cans, eklesia auSenebia

rostom erisTavs. aq yofila monasteri. centrarqi-

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vSi daculia 1754 wlis Sewiruli wigni, micemuli am monastrisadmi rostom erisTavis brZanebiT grigol beris gamrekelis mier. eklesiac amis wina xanaSi unda iyos aSenebuli.~

prof. Tamaz beraZe, exmaureba ra giorgi boWoriZis mosazrebas, ambobs: `veltyevis mindorze SemorCenili eklesiis TariRi g. boWoriZes daaxloebiT sworad aqvs mocemuli. bunebrivia, eklesia 1750 welze adre ver aigeboda, radgan rostomi raWis erisTavobas am wlis Semdeg iRebs. irkveva, rom monasteri veltyevSi am ekle-siis aSenebamde arsebobda. me mivakvlie 1740 wlis or sabuTs, romelSic yifianTa da iaSvilTa sagvareulos warmomadgenlebi TiTo-TiTo ymas swiraven veltyevis monasters Corjodan da Zirageulidan. erTi dokumen-tiT ki grigol raWis erisTavis (1731-1743 ww.) zeobis wlebSi monasteri moqmedi sCans. amas mowmobs vax-uSti bagrationis rukaTa mcire atlasic, sadac igi `naTlismcemlis udabnos~ saxeliTaa datanili. Cans, 1751 wlis Semdeg monastris eklesiis Zveli Senoba daurRveviaT da rostom erisTavis brZanebiT axali eklesia augiaT. Zveli eklesiidan erT fragments mi-vakvlie axali eklesiis SigniT. es aris tufis qvisa-gan gamoTlili erTi metris simaRlis sveti. veltye-vis monastris Zveli eklesia X-XI saukuneebSi unda iyos agebuli.

XVIII saukunis meore naxevridan samonastro kom-pleqss qvis eklesia da mis garSemo mdgari xis Seno-bebi hqmnida. 1825 wels aq idga monastris winamZRvris saxli da eqvsi xis senaki, sadac rva beri cxovrobda. monasters 41 komli yma-glexi ekuTvnoda raWis sx-vadasxva sofelSi. masve ekuTvnoda venaxebi iwasa da ximSSi, agreTve saxnav-saTesi miwebi ximSSi, sxvavaSi, fsors da CorjoSi.

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1871 wels veltyevis monasteri gauqmda da saekle-sio nivTebi WeliSis monasterSi gadaitanes.~

Tamaz beraZis mosazrebas veltyevis monastris eklesiis aSenebis TariRTan dakavSirebiT sruli safuZveli gaaCnia.

naTlismcemlis udabnos Sesaxeb gacilebiT nak-lebi werilobiTi cnobebi mogvepoveba, vidre, vTqvaT, es gvaqvs WeliSis udabnoze, rac rigma garemoebebma gana-piroba. am mxriv metad sainteresoa n. m-Svilis werili, romelic gazeTma `droebam~ (1885 w. #26) gamoaqveyna, sadac mSvenivrad Cans veltyevis monastrisa da mis msaxurTa gansakuTrebuli misia da Rvawli raWis mo-saxleobis mimarT.

`ianvris 25-s me momixda misvla sof. sxvavas. amave soflis mTaSi yofila Zveli monasteri ioane naTlis-mcemlisa. am monasters erTs dros didi saxeli da pa-tiviscema hqonia xalxisgan da mefeebisganac. es monas-teri yofila cnobili mSvenieri mdebareobiT udabur adgilas, tyiT, mindvriT, saTevze wyliT (`fasknara~ da `masilis tba~), Zvirfasi nivTebiT da samkauliT. monas-ters hyolia ymebi, hqonia zvrebi da saxnavi adgilebi, romelTagan scxovrobdao monastris krebuli. es mon-asteri miT ufro SesaniSnavia, rom, rogorc momswreni amboben, igi yofila mxsneli da mfarveli gaWirveb-ulTa mgzavrTa, zamTarSi raWidgan qarTl-kaxeTSi da iqidan ukanve raWas momavalTa. vinc ar icis raWis ambavi da misi mdebareoba, imas ar SeuZlian daafa-sos im monastris winamZRvarTa da morCilTa Sroma da moRvaweoba. amis dafaseba SeuZlian mxolod imas, visac unaxavs raWa, misi mdebareoba da icis misi gare-moeba. rogor? mkiTxavs mkiTxveli. ai, rogor: raWa aris sazogadod mTiani qveyana, xolo is mTa, romlis Zir-Siac mdebareobs es monasteri, sxvebzed umaRlesia. ro-

43

gorc mTa adgils, rasakvirvelia, aq Tovlic didi icis da buqic. amisaTvis yoveli winamZRvari (Tavis sindis-iT) movale iyo valdebulad gaexadna yoveli Tavisi morCili, rom am mTaze gaWirvebul mogzaurTaTvis Sem-weoba miecaT. am morCilT hqoniaT gamarTuli TavianTi kalaTebi da Sig Sesaferi sursaTi. rodesac Turme qar-buqi atydeboda, es morCilni aiRebdnen kalaTebs, daiWerdnen xelSi niCbebs, zogni sxva saWiro iaraRs da gaswevden TavianT daniSnul gzazed gaWirvebul mg-zavrTa saZebnelad. rodesac naxavden TovlSi Caflul kacs da grZnoba-mixdils, jer adgilobriv moabruneb-den saWmel-sasmliT, mere wamoiyvanden monasterSi, sa-dac gamarTuli iyo gansakuTrebuli palati. aq daawv-enden Tbilad, mouvliden or-sam dRes saWiroebisa-da gvarad da mere wamoiyvanden TavianT saxlSi. am keTi-li saqmisaTvis es mamani arafer sasyidels ar iRebden: amas moqmedebden mxolod TaviianT sulis sameoxod da ara sxva raime ganzraxviT.

ai, es wminda monasteri, CvenTa mama-papaTa salo-cavi da mfarveli gaWirvebulTa JamTa-viTarebisagan dRes gauqmebula.~

rogorc viciT, veltyevis gauqmebuli monasteri Tavisi qonebiT WeliSis monasters miakuTvnes.

* * *CvenTvis cnobili veltyevis monastris winamZ-

Rvrebi:1. iRumeni antoni (abaSiZe) _ 1770-1806 ww.2. arq. panteleimoni _ 1806-1841 ww.3. mRvdelmonazoni iostasi 1841-1848 ww.4. arq. nikolozi (niJaraZe) _ 1855-1861 ww.5. mRvdelmonazoni makari (jafariZe) _ 1861-1871

ww.

44

* * *

ganmartoebasa da siCumeSi da ara _ xalxsa da xmaurSi ibadeba keTili da zeciuri azrebi.

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leknaris monasteri

yovelmxriv srulyofili samonastro ansamblis utyuari niSnebi gvaqvs leknarSi. bermonazvnebi aq IX-X saukuneebSi unda damkvidrebuliyvnen. aswleul-Ta manZilze, TiTqmis XX saukunemde ismoda aq wminda giorgis taZris ambionidan samRvdeloTa wirva-loc-va da RaRadisi, magram, samwuxarod, bolos leknaric SeuerTda raWis nataZral-namonastralTa did rigs... dacarielda da damunjda iqauroba...

naqeralas mTis daboloebaze, okribis gadasaxedis maRali kldis Tavze, dRes leknaris wminda giorgis eklesiis mxolod sanaxevrod dangreuli kedlebiRaa SemorCenili. aqedan xelisguliviT mosCans didebuli xvamlis mTa da okribis Tvalwarmtaci sanaxebi.

taZris qvemoT (10-15 metrSi), kldeSi gamoWrilia wylis Sesakrebi auzi, romelic Tlili qviTaa amo-yvanili. aq mudamaa ankara wyali erT doneze.

eklesiamde misasvleli ramdenime gza-bilikia. aq SeiZleba movxvdeT sof. Zmuisidan, zeda Savradan, Saoridan. dResdReobiT ki yvelaze moxerxebuli gza sof. nikorwmindidanaa, saidanac 8-10 kilometri sava-lia.

Zvelad taZari moixsenieboda rogorc ̀ mTis wminda giorgi~ da iTvleboda Zlier, yovlisSemZle saloca-vad. aq modiodnen mlocvelebi dasavleT saqarTvelos yvela mxridan. qarTveli didebulebi uxvad swiravd-nen yma-mamulebsa da saeklesio qonebas, ris Sesaxebac ara erTi da ori werilobiTi sabuTi arsebobs. metad mniSvnelovania am mxriv mefe bagrat V-is (1360-1393 ww.) mier gacemuli sigeli: `Tquen wmidao giorgi mTisa, ra-guaric daviT aRmaSeneblisa da Zisa misisa dimitrisa-gan Semowiruli yofiliyo, Cuen mefeT mefeman bagrat...

46

xelvyaviT axlad aRSenebad da Semkobad taZarsa Sensa da gardavWedeT zeiT tyuiviTa da spilenZiTa da movWedneT xatni... Semovswiren mamulni da glexni saxads agara... Savori, viTa ZvelTagan Savoris mTavar mowame iqi svenebuliyo, didi sofeli yofiliyo Sa-vori da aoxrebuliyo... axlad xelvyaviT aRSenebad... sofeli Sevqmeni da aw axlad SemogwireT... Txmori... Zmuisi cxraTaviTa... kacieTs msxdomni buluSaZeni da zaqaraZeni... wynors miTaTaSvilebi da WlikaZeni... aga-ra... WaSlaTs WunWulaZe, qoTboZeiZe... boboTs eraZeni... fonas nozbeganiZe... surami.~

mTis wminda giorgisadmi Sewirulebis ukanaskne-li sigeli gacemulia 1795 wels, solomon II-is meuRlis, dedofal mariamis mier.

1950-ian wlebSi Zegli Seiswavla xelovnebaTm-codne malaqia dvalma da swored man ivarauda pirvel-ma odesRac aq monastris arseboba. gamokvlevis Sede-gebi b-ma malaqiam gamoaqveyna 1968 wels, mecnierebaTa akademiis Jurnal `macneSi.~ mkvlevari wers: `galavnis SigniT SesasvlelTanavea gegmaSi sworkuTxa saTav-sos qvis kedlebis nangrevi, roemlic sayaraulo koS-kis naSTs unda warmoadgendes. galavnis SigniT mrav-lad SeimCneva sxvadasxva nagebobaTa kvali, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom Cven saqme gvaqvs rTul samonastro ans-amblTan. yvela es nageboba amJamad dangreulia da maTi kedlebi ZiriTadad dafarulia nangrevebiTa da miwiT, magram kargad Cans, rom isini nagebi yofilan Tlili qviT kiris xsnarze.

... gamokvlevam dagvanaxa: 1) leknaris samonastro ansamblis eklesiis mTavari navi agebulia IX saukunis II naxevridan X saukunis I naxevramde.

2) CrdiloeT minaSeni Zeglze mogvianebiT, X sau-kunis dasasruls an XI saukunis pirvel mesamedSi

47

miuSenebiaT, xolo dasavleT minaSeni kidev ufro gvi-andelia.~

istorikosi, Tamaz beraZe aseve miiCnevs aq mTeli samonastro kompleqsis arsebobas IX-X saukuneebidan.

mTis wminda giorgis eklesiis mflobelobaSi Se-dioda mdidari saeklesio inventari uZvirfasesi jvar-xatebiT, romelTa didi nawili gasul saukuneSi dai-karga ukvalod.

zepirgadmocemam Cvenamde moitana friad lamazi Tqmuleba: mTis wminda giorgis sasulieroTa kre-buli imedismimcemi da darajis TvaliT gahyurebda Sors, rions gaRma, aseve mTaze mdgar Rviaris jvarcmis eklesiis msaxurTa dass... ase yofila Rviaridanac... ori qarTuli kulturisa da sulierebis kera mzeriT amxnevebda erTimeores... maT Soris mgrZnobiare, suli-eri kavSiri gabmuliyo da netarebdnen amiT... Soridan grZnobdnen erTurTis guliscemas...

* * *

amba markozma erTxel amba arsenis uTxra: ratom gagvirbixar? berma miugo: `RmerTi xedavs, rom miyvarx-arT, magram ar SemiZlia, viyo erTdroulad RmerTTanac da adamianebTanac. zecaSi aTasebsa da miliardebs erTi neba aqvT, adamianebis neba ki gansxvavebulia.~

48

Sodis monasteri

sof. Rebidan oTxiode kilometris moSorebiT,

saukuno Tovl-yinuliani Sodis mTis Ziras, didebuli

monasteri moqmedebda Zvelad. misgan dRes mxolod

wm. giorgis darbazuli eklesiisa da zRude-galavnis

nangrevebiRa SeimCneva kargad. dakvirvebuli Tvali ki

taZris mimdebare ulamazes serze samonastro ansamb-

lis sxva nagebobaTa kvalsac SeamCnevs.

dro-Jamis srbolam da istoriulma qartexilebma

arc Sodis monasteri daindo da odesRac iq arsebuli

maRali SemoqmedebiTi suli nelinel gailia... Sewyda

bermonazonTa gulmxurvale locva... savanis adgils

tye moeria... daax. XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi mTlianad

daicala monastris maxloblad mdebare sof. Sodac.

iq mcxovrebi boxaSvilebis gvari Rebs Camosaxlda. Tu

sad wavida sxva gvaris xalxi, amis Sesaxeb araferi

viciT.

werilobiTi sabuTebis simwiris miuxedavad, Zveli

savanis Sesaxeb naTel warmodgenas gviqmnis SenobaTa

narCenebi da gansakuTrebiT monasterSive damzadebu-

li Zvirfasi liTonebis Weduri jvar-xatebi. aqedan

ramdenime brwyinvale nimuSi quTaisis istoriul-eT-

nografiul muzeumSia daculi da TariRdeba XI-XII

saukuneebiT. saeklesio nivTebi da Sirimis Tlili

qviT nagebi wm. giorgis eklesiis darCenili nawili

saSualebas gvaZlevs _ savanis daarseba X saukunes

davukavSiroT.

yvela monacemiT, Tavidan aq mxolod monasteri

unda yofiliyo da Semdeg ki sofelic gaCnda, rac da-

kavSirebuli unda iyos mZlavri samWedlo-saxelos-

49

noebis dawinaurebasTan. saWiro nedleulis (oqro,

platina, vercxli, saRebavebi da sxv.) mopovebis, adgil-

ze mitanisa da gadamuSavebis rTuli procesi aucile-

blad moiTxovda damxmare muSaxelis mozidvas da ase

gaCnda sofeli Soda, romelic monastris kuTvnileba

iqneboda uTuod.

1503 wels Sedgenili aleqsandre mefis sigelis

mTaraWis sofelTa CamonaTvalSi weria: `Sodas wmi-

dis giorgis eklesia da sofeli, ocdaxuTi kuamli

kaci da cixe.~ rogorc Cans, am droisaTvis monasteri

ukve aRar arsebobs. darCenilia mxolod moqmedi ekle-

sia da sofeli. xalxis mexsierebam ki mainc didxans

Seinaxa savanis arseboba da Cvenamde moaRwia. XIXs-is

bolos, Rebeli moxucebis monaTxrobze dayrdnobiT p.

uvarova wers: `Sodis mTis Ziras Zvel droSi arse-

bobda Zlieri gamagreba da masTan monasteri, magram is

didi xania rac dangreula. monastris kuTvnili xate-

bi Cven vnaxeT Rebis eklesiaSi.~ es is xatebia, romleb-

sac Sodis monastris ostatebi qmnidnen adgilobrivi

nedleulis gamoyenebiT da gamoirCeodnen maRali mx-

atvruli RirsebiT.

1910 wlamde Rebis macxovris eklesiaSi inaxeboda

platinis masiuri, 35 sm simaRlis, unikaluri jvari, eq.

TayaiSvilis TqmiT: `es iSviaTi nimuSi TeTri oqros

jvrisa saqarTveloSi.~ mZarcvelma avazakebma, sxva

Zvirfas nivTebTan erTad, xelovnebis es brwyinvale

nimuSic gaitaces da dRemde gauCinarebulia. jvari

1847 wels naxa mari brosem, magram, garda aRtacebisa,

garkveviT veraferi Tqva uZvirfasesi nivTis Sesaxeb.

Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, platinis jvari Sodis monas-

terSi unda yofiliyo damzadebuli, rasac amyarebs

4. vaJa gobejiSvili

50

XIX s-is erTi werilobiTi cnoba, sadac dafiqsirebu-

lia imdroindel Rebel xandazmulTa mtkiceba, rom

rionis saTaveebSi Zvelad platinasac moipovebdnen. es

arcaa gasakviri, radgan im adgilebSi blomadaa oqro.

Sodis monastris oqromWedlebi gvevlinebian ad-

reuli xanis brilel ostatTa SemoqmedebiTi sulis,

maTi saqmianobis gamgrZeleblad. daxvewili, natifi

gemovnebiT Sesrulebuli saeklesio inventaris Seqm-

nis xelovneba gamoZaxilia uZvelesi drois briluri

brinjaos mravalsaxovani nivTebisa. Sodelma ostateb-

ma Rirseulad gaagrZeles brils dawyebuli liTonis

mxatvruli damuSavebis umdidresi tradicia.

mxolod saocrebas Tu mivawerT monastris arse-

bobas Sodas. SeuZlebelia, am maRal mTaSi (z.d. 2200

metrze meti), samonastro ansamblis adgil-mdebareoba

moinaxulos kacma da gaocebuli ar darCes bermon-

azonTa SemarTebiTa da xasiaTis simtkiciT. ra energia

da Sromismoyvareoba unda hqonodaT uflis rCeulebs,

rom umkacres klimatur pirobebSi Tavic erCinaT, xe-

lovnebis mSvenieri nimuSebic SeeqmnaT da RvTismsax-

urebac aResrulebinaT.

uxvTovliani zamTari aq, sul mcire, eqvs Tves

grZeldeba, rac didad aferxebs garesamyarosTan kav-

Sirs. Sodeli berebi zamTris moaxloebas yovelmxriv

mzad unda Sexvedrodnen. sursaT-sanovage, saoqromWed-

lo masala, saTbobi da bevri sxva ram, mxolod maT saz-

runavSi Sedioda. Tanac, Sodis savargulebi arcTu ise

saxarbieloa. monastris msaxurT da sofels adgilze

moweuli Wirnaxuli naklebad daakmayofilebda. amitom,

SesaZloa, monasteri sxva savargulebsac flobda Rebis

teritoriaze da sxvaganac ki. bermonazonTa ZiriTadi

51

marCenali mainc maTi nawarmis realizaciidan miRe-

buli Semosavali unda yofiliyo. Sodis monastris

sawarmo-saxelosnoebidan gamosuli maRali xarisxis

saeklesio da saojaxo inventari Sors gahqondaT, ra-

sac soliduri Semosavali SeeZlo moetana.

dro bevr rames cvlis cisqveSeTSi... saxe icvala

Sodis savanemac... mravali Taoba gamoicvala, magram

darCa xsovna im droisa, roca Sodis monasteri da

misi Semoqmedi bermonazonTa krebuli maRali mTidan

gadahyurebda da amayad usworebda Tvals ganviTare-

buli Sua saukuneebis ayvavebul saqarTvelos. da ma-

Sin, rodesac qarTuli kulturis winsvla Seferxda

(XIIIs.), Sodel bermonazonTa sasaxelod unda iTqvas,

rom qveynisaTvis am mZime Jams intensiurad moRvaweo-

ben kidev didxans, ori saukune mainc.

* * *

adamiani mudmivad ise unda iyo, TiTqosda RvTis samsjavroze dgaxar.

amba aRaToni

52

bubis monasteri

momxiblavi Sovis siaxloves, zemoT, md. WanWaxs marjvena mxridan bubiswyali mierTvis, romlis ula-mazesi xeobis vrcel alpur saZovrebamde, Sovidan sami-ode kilometrSi, Zvelad sofeli buba iyo gaSenebuli. dRes aq mxolod miwasTan gasworebuli nasaxlarebiRa SeiniSneba. JamTa svlas mxolod bubis monastris mS-venieri eklesiis mkvidrad nagebma kedlebma gauZlo nawilobriv da usaxuravod darCenils (saxuravi 1940-ian wlebSi dazianda), aravin icis ra bedi eweva moma-valSi.

`bubis jvrad~ wodebuli eklesia X saukunis Zeg-lia. 1970-ian wlebSi aq saZiebo samuSaoebi Caatara xelovnebaTmcodne malaqia dvalma da sakmaod sain-tereso masalac moipova. moZiebuli nivTebis nawili man onis mxareTmcodneobis muzeums gadasca.

Zveli monasteri mdebareobs nasoflaris dasavle-TiT, SemaRlebul da damrec adgilas. aq, sakmaod did farTobze, kargad Cans samonastro ansamblis kvali. sxvadasxva daniSnulebis SenobaTa nangrevebi utyuari mowmea erT dros aq bermonazonTa moRvaweobisa.

bubis savanis daarseba uciloblad X saukunes unda mivakuTvnoT. Cveni mosazrebiT, aq, albaT, jer mx-olod monasteri moqmedebda Tavidan, mogvianebiT ki sofelic gaCnda mis siaxloves. Tu ra damokidebuleba arsebobda savanes da sofels Soris, ra valdebuleba hqonda sofels monastrisadmi, dRes amaze msjeloba Wirs. Tumca unda vifiqroT, rom raRaciT mainc valde-buli iqneboda sofeli.

aRsaniSnavia, rom monastris siaxloves arc na-kaduli da arc wyaros wyalia. darCenili TqmulebiT, savanidan sakmaod daSorebuli wyaros wyali miwaSi

53

Cawyobili xis Tu Tixis milebiT yofila miyvanili.1503 wels Sedgenil sigelSi vkiTxulobT: `bu-

bas kargi eklesia, cixe da sofeli, _ eklesia kargis juarxatiTa, ocdaxuTi glexi.~ am dros monasteri ukve aRar moixsenieba. es dro saqarTvelosaTvis Znelbedo-bis xanaa da monastrebsac gauWirdaT, ramac bevri sava-nis gauqmeba gamoiwvia, maT Soris raWaSic. monastrebT-an arsebuli taZrebi ki mainc agrZelebs moqmedebas mRvdelmsaxurebiT. `bubis jvaric~ maT Sorisaa da soflis daclamde, rac, Cveni varaudiT, XVIII sauku-neSi unda momxdariyo, agrZelebs uflis samsaxurs. sof. bubis mosaxleobis nawili glolas Camosaxlda, nawili ki raWis sxva soflebSi, an ufro Sors, unda wasuliyo.

sakmarisia erTxel gadaavlo Tvali bubisa da So-dis monasterTa garemomcvel midamos, gaecno warsuls, rom igrZno saocari msgavseba maT Soris. orTave savane xom mTaraWis subalpur zolSia TiTqmis erTnair si-maRleze (z.d. 2200 metrze meti) umSvenieresi mdebareo-biT; orTave erT dros _ X saukuneSia dafuZnebuli; monastris taZrebic Zlier hgavs erTimeores zomebiTa da formiT; ricxobrivad erTnairia monastrebTan ar-sebuli soflis komlTa raodenobac; erTnairi iqne-boda samonastro meurneobac. oRondac, Tu dRes Cven kargad viciT Sodeli berebis ZiriTadi saqmianoba _ saeklesio inventaris maRalmxatvruli damuSaveba, oqromWedloba, amas ver vityviT bubaze, radgan ar gag-vaCnia raime xelSesaxebi sabuTi an zepirgadmocema iq moRvawe berebis Sesaxeb. erTi kia, ueWvelad unda miv-iCnioT Sodel da bubel bermonazonTa axlo urTier-Toba da sulieri siaxlove.

bubisa da Sodis monastrebi Sua saukuneebis saqa-rTvelos mniSvnelovan sulier da kulturul kerebs

54

warmoadgenda ukidures mTian zolSi.

* * *

giyvardes codvilni, magram gZuldes maTi saqmeni.wmida isak asuri

Tamar dedoflis saydari

qveyanam eTers SvenebiTTamari amjobinao;miuval adgils, kldis

wverzemas dauniSna binao.

... mivida, boyvas gaCerda,sadac amboben Tamarso;Zvel saydars daqaTqa-

Tebda,sxivebs afenda mas gar-

so...

a k a k i

Zvel saqarTveloSi farTod iyo gavrcelebuli kldeSi nakveT nagebobaTa gamoyeneba bermonazonTa sacxovreblad da samoRvaweod. es gansakuTrebiT Sein-iSneba samxreT saqarTveloSi, sadac blomadaa rogorc monastrebi, aseve kldeSi nakveTi kompleqsebi sameur-neo, TavdacviTi, sayofacxovrebo qvabebiT da sofle-bic ki.

raWaSic ukveTiaT kldeSi Cvens Soreul winaprebs saRvTismsaxuro, sayofacxovrebo Tu saxizari qvabebi. soflebis: boyvasa da qorTas zeviT, focxrevis mTis kirqvian masivSi, frialo kldeze, kargad moCans kldeSi

55

CaSenebuli saydari da xelovnuri qvabebi mis irgvliv. kldeSi kveTa Zveli qarTuli samSenebglo ostatobis Semadgeneli nawilia da Tamar dedoflis kldis qva-bebic am ostatobis erT-erTi nimuSia. sakvirvelia mx-olod SemarTeba da energia im adamianebisa, vinc aseT miudgomel, Sveul kldeSi kveTda, aSenebda, cxovrobda da moRvaweobda.

xalxSi gavrcelebuli TqmulebiT _ aRniSnul gamoqvabulSi Tamar dedoflis kubo da Sesabamisi Zvirfaseuloba inaxeboda. da ai, XIX saukunis bolos gamoCnda ganZis maZiebeli, sof. boyvas mkvidri petre omaniZe, romelmac gadawyvita, rac ar unda mosvloda, dedoflis saydarSi unda SeeRwia. daiwyo kibis keTeba da 2-3 wlis Semdeg moaxerxa sanatrel qvabebSi SeRw-eva. am ambavs sainteresod gadmogvcems Jur. `mwyemsi~ (1893w. #17):

`es kibe ukeTebia mas raRac Cvenebis ZaliT. ai, ras ambobs igi: `me CvenebiT vnaxe erTi Svidtkaveliani rkinis keti, romelsac Tavze jvari hqonda. am ketiT vimuSave kldeSi calis xeliT, roca bevr kacs orive xeliT uZneldeba misi aweva. me mecxadeboda RvTismSo-beli, romelTanac mouSoreblad iyvnen ori TeTrad Semosili bavSvi, romlis saSualebiTac me vigebdi dros muSaobisas. rodesac viwyebdi muSaobas, erTi erT mxarze damajdeboda, meore ki meoreze da mere Se-frindebodnen saydarSi. maTi SemweobiTa da imediT ise vmuSaobdi rogorc swor miwaze.~

bevr sxva rames laparakobs es moxuci, romlis laparaki morwmune kacis laparaks ufro hgavs, vinem SeSlilisas.

exmarebodnen coli da 12 wlis geri. isini ise uSiSrad adiodnen da Camodiodnen im kldeze kibis masalis asatanad, rogorc TviTon is omaniZe, rodesac

56

bevr kacs am kldeze asvla ki ara, misi Sexedvisac eSinia. ris ZaliT moxda yovelive es, amis gamocnoba mkiTxvelisTvis migvindvia.~

imdroindeli perioduli gamocemebi farTod gamoexmaura am saocar ambavs. unda iTqvas, rom avtor-Ta Sexedulebebi zogjer urTierTgamomricxavia. zogi xotbas asxams petres siTamames, zogic kidev TviTmar-qvia RvTis mociqulad miiCnevs da a.S.

Tamaris kldis qvabebis saidumloebiT daintere-sebuli, simon sxirtlaZe igonebs: `boyveli maswavle-blis vlasi gociriZis gadmocemiT, roemlsac kargad axsovs petrias Serkineba kldesTan, uZveles saydar-Si mas mxolod xis akvnis nawilebi, brinjaos jvrebi, Sandlebi da Tixis doqi daxvedria. misive TqmiT: 1903 wels petria kldis erT-erT gvirabSi Sesula da iqi-dan feradi qvebi Camouyria. Camosvlisas uTqvams: gvi-rabSi Zlieri qari uberavs, ukuni Ramea da Rrmad ver Sevedio.~

Cveni didi moRvawe vano maCabeli, romelmac 1892 wels moinaxula Tamaris klde, wers (Jur. `mwyemsi~ 1893 w. #4):

`ra xelma aaSena es saydari da rodis aris aSeneb-uli, aravin icis. es ki cxadia, rom marjvniv kldis wveridan am saydramde cal-bilika gza mainc unda yo-filiyo da masukan am gzas niaRvari Camorecxda. ax-lac etyoba alag-alag naSTi am bilikebisa, magram mom-etebuli wili ki ise kvalwmindad aris Carecxili, rom veras gziT kaci im saydars ver miudgeba.

miuvali Senoba, uxvedri alagi yovelTvis xalxis warmodgenaSi raime legendas Sehqmnis da raWis xalx-Siac am saydris miuvalobas Seuqmnia Tqmuleba, viTom saydarSi oqros kubo idges, Tavsa da bolos kelap-trebi enTos da kuboSi Tamar dedoflis gvami esvenos.

57

raWaSi amboben, viTomc oras-samasis wlis winaT viRac mesxi CaeSvaT zemodan TokebiT, magram saydarSi rom Sesuliyo da didebuli sanaxavi enaxa, dabrmavebuliyo da mxolod gamosvlis Semdeg kvlav TvalT sinaTle moepova. ueWvelia, rom es sxvadasxva Tqmuleba aRug-znebda ocnebas kibis gamkeTebel raWvelsac, sizmrad moaCvenebda uricxv simdidres da ganZeulobas, say-darSi Senaxuls, da miscemda Zalas imisTana saqmis SesrulebisaTvis, romelsac ubralo kaci Tavis dReSi ver Sehbedavda.

... ucnauri sanaxavi unda yofiliyo es kaci kibis keTebis dros: gakruli frialo kldeze, mZime rkinis ketiT xelSi imsiTana simaRlezed, sadac kacis Tvali Zlivs aswvdeba. is mogagonebdaT babilonis godolis amSenebelT, romelnic qvemomde xmas verc ki awvdend-nen da maRal zecas unayofod epotinebodnen.

... marTlac rom SeuZlebeli ara yofila-ra da yvelafers Seiqms kaci, rwmeniT aRWurvili da Seu-drekel surviliT gatacebuli.~

1957 wels Tamar dedoflis qvabebs alpinsitebi ewvivnen. eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli, cnobili mTamsvle-li al. nemsiwveriZe, romelic zevidan daeSva TokiT, wers:

`daSvebisas 100 metri Toki haerSi iyo, kldes ar edeboda... male kldis kedelma daSoreba iwyo...

gamoCnda kiris xsnarisa da qviT amoSenebuli gamoqvabulis wina kedelic... 12-15 metriT var dacile-buli, haerSi gamokidebuli. kargad vxedav mTavar gamo-qvabuls, mis marcxniv _ gumbaTisebur gamoqvabuls da misken mimaval kldeSi gamokveTil biliks, romelze-dac unda gadavide Tokidan.

Zirs myofi amxanagebis daxmarebiT miviRe moZrao-bis inercia, SevaCere Tokze brunva da gadasasvlelad

58

swori mimarTuleba aviRe. Tokze swor mdgomareoba-Si yofnam saSualeba momca garkveviT damenaxa mTa-vari gamoqvabulis marjvniv, 30 metris moSorebiT, ver-tikalurad gaxsnili karstuli gvirabi xelovnurad amoSenebuli kedliT.

Tokidan gamoqvabulSi gadasvlisTanave am gamo-qvabulisaken gavemarTe. aqac mTavar gamoqvabulidan kldes gamokveTili biliki mihyveba. magram biliki 5 metris Semdeg Camongrevis gamo waSlila da kldeze gadasvla gverdiTi dacvis gareSe SeuZlebelia. qvemo-dan amxanagebis amoyvana erTi TokiT ar xerxdeba.

danarCeni gamoqvabulebis aRwera movaxdine da ukve SuadRe gadasuli iyo, rom gamoqvabulidan dav-eSvi.~

radganac xalxma focxrevis 200 metrze meti si-maRlis frialo kldis TiTqmis SuaSi nakveTi qvabebi da iq CaSenebuli saydari (`dedoflis saxtara~ _ asec moixsenieboda), romelsac adre aivanic hqonia, Tamar dedoflis saxels daukavSira, unda miviCnioT, rom Senoba Tamaris drosaa aSenebuli, xolo rac Seexeba uSualod xelovnur qvabebs, sakiTxi ufro rTulia da Znelad gamosarkvevi.

vaxuSti batoniSvili raWis momijnave md. yviril-is saTaveebSi nakveT qvabebs arabobis xanas ukavSirebs, ris safuZvelzec simon sxirtlaZe miiCnevs, rom Tamar dedoflis kldis qvabebic imave xanisa SeiZleba iyos, rac savsebiT dasaSvebia. Tavdapirvelad, SesaZloa, qva-bebi gamoiyeneboda mxolod saxizrad, rac SemdgomSi gandegilTa sacxovreblad, sadayudebuloebad, an su-lac mRvimur monastrad iqca.

Tu rodis moiSala aq bermonazvnuri cxovreba, ve-ravin ityvis. araviTari cnoba aRniSnulTan dakavSire-biT ar arsebobs, arc werilobiTi da arc naratiuli.

59

Tamaris kldis qvabTa saidumloebis amoxsna mo-mavlis saqmea.

* * *

visac dro amaodmetyvelebis sifxizleSi gahyavs, igi ukeTesad moiqceoda, Tu daiZinebda.

amba isaia

60

soris monasteri

`am mindas zeiT moerTvis rions CrdiloeTidam sorisxevi, amazed ars monasteri ugunbaTo, didi, keTil-Seni, aw xucis amarad.~

ase mokled aRwers vaxuSti batoniSvili soris monasters, romelic mdebareobs soflis siaxloves, md. sontarulas marcxena mxares, mTis ZirSi, vake adgilas. rogorc Cans, im droisaTvis monasteri daqveiTebula; magram imave, XVIII saukuneSi, raWis erisTavis SoSi-ta III-s zrunviTa da SemweobiT SesamCnevad aRorZinda samonastro cxovreba.

soris monastris jvarcmis eklesiis agebas mkvl-evarebi XIII saukunes miaweren, rac ar unda niSnavdes amave dros savanis safuZvlis Cayras. monasteri ufro adre unda iyos daarsebuli, Tu rodis, amaze mxolod arqeologiur kvlevas SeuZlia pasuxis gacema.

giorgi boWoriZis aRweriloba (1920-iani wlebi) gveubneba: `eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa, 14,5× 8,5 m., nagebi qvitkirisagan. Zvelad mas samxreTiT da CrdiloeTiT hqonia egvterebi, romlebic XIX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi, eklesiis ganaxlebis dros, ukve dangreuli yofilan; maSin isini sul mouSliaT da samagierod eklesiis dasavleTi nawili gaudidebiaT.

gadmocemiT eklesia aSenebuli da moxatulia sa-pyar erisTavis WarelisZis qvelis mier, xolo ganaxle-bulia SoSita erisTavis mier XVIII saukuneSi. pirveli daxatulia Crdilo kedelze, meore samxreT kedelze.

warwerebi mxatvrobas aqvs asomTavrulad, xucu-rad, mdivanmwignobrulad da mxedrulad.

eklesia moxatuli unda iyos da egebis aSenebu-lic XIII saukuneSi.

eklesia, rogorc p. uvarova gadmogvcems, siZvelee-

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biT mdidari yofila. samwuxarod, Cemi misvlisas maTi umetesi nawili ganadgurebuli aRmoCnda. am siZvele-Ta naSTebidan me movagrove erTi yuTi. ar aRmoCnda agreTve etratze naweri didi tanis gulani, Semkuli mravali istoriuli minaweriT.

eklesiis samxreTiT aris patara goraki `nacix-uri.~ Zvelad aq samreklo yofila; igi axla dangreu-lia da misi marto saZirkveliRa moCans. adgilobriv pirTa cnobiT aq ganZi aris dafaruli. am adgilas dResaswaulis dros Temis, anu Temad dasxdoma scod-niaT.~

jvarcmis eklesia rom unikaluri siZveleebiT yo-fila mdidari, amas mravali werilobiTi sabuTic adas-turebs. erTi cnobiT, mari brose aRtacebaSi mouyvania (1840-iani wlebi) taZris jvar-xatebs. erT-erTi maTga-nis _ Zvirfasi qvebiT mooWvil xatze ki uTqvams: xatis marto am brwyinvale qvebis safasuriT didi eklesiis aSenebaa SesaZlebelio. amitomac iyo, rom taZari ram-denjerme gaiZarcva avazakebis mier.

prof. Tamaz beraZe wers: `soris jvarcmis ekle-sias amkobda jvari, romelic gadmocemiT gadamSis mon-asters ekuTvnoda, romlis nangrevebi XIX saukuneSi jer kidev SemorCenili iyo, tyeSi, sontarulas piras. es jvari gadamSis eklesiidan moglejila wyaldido-bis dros da dinebas soris monastramde miucurebia.

aseve gadmocemiT, eklesiis samxreTi minaSeni raWis erisTavTa akldamas warmoadgenda.

1825 wels monasters mxolod ori komli gaaCnda. berTa krebuli winamZRvrisa da mTavardiakvnisagan Sedgeboda.~

xelovnebaTmcodne izolda WiWinaZe, romelmac Seiswavla taZris moxatuloba, aRniSnavs: `ilustra-ciebi warmoaCenen soris moxatulobis mxatvrul Rire-

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bulebas, gvagrZnobineben misi natifi feradovani Sex-amebis silamazes da mxatvar daviTis brwyinvale te-qnikur ostatobas.~ es is cnobili qarTveli mxatvari daviTia, romelmac moxata ubisis taZari.

XIX saukunis pirveli naxevris raWis saeklesio wignebSi moxsenebuli arian soris monastris mRvdel-monazvnebi: daviT Sios Ze mindeli da ioane qaixosros Ze.

soris monasterSi bermonazvnuri cxovreba 1850-ian wlebSi moiSala.

dro-Jamis svlam da miwisZvrebma sagrZnoblad daa-ziana jvarcmis eklesia. magram am bolo wlebSi sof-lis mcxovrebTa ZalisxmeviT moxerxda taZris safuZ-vliani SekeTeba. gamagrda kedlebi, daixura liTonis saxuraviT. Zveli freskebi saimedodaa daculi. ekle-sias movla-patronoba ar aklia. taZris win aSenda ax-ali, lamazi samreklo.

* * *

orfeosi, poetTa mtkicebiT, vefxvebs simReriT aT-vinirebda. magram qristianTa RmerTma, romelmac ada-mianebs WeSmariti religiisken mouwoda, Seudareblad meti gaakeTa: man moaTviniera yvelaze mouTvinierebe-li cxoveli _ adamiani.

wmida klimenti aleqsandrieli

63

Seubnis monasteri

sof. Seubnidan oriode kilometris daSorebiT, maRal tyian serze, dgas eklesia _ `sinawminda,~ sadac, Tqmulebis mixedviT, Tamar dedoflis erTi nawnavi inaxeboda. taZari naSenia Sirimis, tufisa da adgilo-brivi qviT. mkvlevarTa azriT es SesaniSnavi saydari X saukuneSi unda iyos agebuli. dRes eklesiis mx-olod kedlebis nawilia darCenili. 1920-ian wlebSi daungreviaT uRmerTo adamianebs sanaxevrod, bolomde aRar ̀ garjilan~, albaT im imediT, rom dro mainc male waSlida mis kvals. magram taZari imdenad mkvidradaa nagebi, rom 80 wlis Semdegac SesaZlebelia misi aRd-gena. cdiloben kidevac Seubnelebi amis gakeTebas da RmerTma xeli moumarToT keTilSobilur saqmeSi.

eklesiis aRmosavleTiT, 20-25 metrSi, sers unag-iriseburi forma aqvs da SemaRlebuli borcviT bo-lovdeba. gorakis Tavze kargad SeiniSneba Senoba-nage-bobaTa nangrevebi. galavnisa da sxvadasxva SenobaTa kvali Cans TviT taZris irgvlivac, sadac uamravi bzis xe xarobs. yovelive es gvafiqrebinebs, rom aq odes-Rac usaTuod monasteri unda yofiliyo. am mosazrebas TviT aqauri adgil-mdebareobac amyarebs. `sinawmind-as~ myudro garemo xom bermonazonTa cxovrebisa da RvTismsaxurebisaTvis zedgamoWrili alagia.

niSandoblivia TviT monastris taZris dasaxeleba _ `sinawminda~, rac ueWvelad wminda sinis mTidan mom-dinareobs. rogorc kargadaa cnobili, axlo aRmosav-leTis (egvipte) sinis naxevarkunZuli samonastro cxovrebis erT-erTi Zveli keraa. pirveli monasteri aq IV saukuneSi daarsda. VI saukuneSi sinis mTaze qa-rTveli berebic gamoCenilan. IX saukuneSi ki qarTvel-Ta mravalricxovani saTvistomoc Seiqmna, rasac mohyva

64

qarTuli mwignobrobis mZlavri keris Camoyalibeba. qarTvelma berebma farTo kulturul-saganmanaTleb-lo moRvaweoba gaaCaRes sinis mTaze. maT arasodes gauwyvetiaT kavSiri samSoblosTan, mis eklesia-mon-astrebTan. vfiqrobT, swored am kavSir-urTierTobis Sedegad daarsda Seubnis monasteric, rac X saukuneSi unda momxdariyo.

Tu ramden xans iarseba savanem, amis Sesaxeb raimes Tqma SeuZlebelia.

* * *

RmrTis gangebiT kacs gansacdeli imisTvis Seem-Txveva, rom kacma Tavisi Rirseba Seafasos da sakuTari Tavi Seicnos.

wminda episk. gabriel qiqoZe

65

mravalZalis monasteri

ganviTarebul Sua saukuneebSi da Semdgom xana-Siac sof. mravalZals monasteri yofila, rac kargad dasturdeba samonastro ansamblis naSTebiTa da weri-lobiTi sabuTiT.

visac erTxel mainc mounaxulebia mravalZali, Tvali mimouvlia soflis umSvenieresi sanaxebisaTvis, dagvemowmeba, rom marTlac Sesaferi samonastro gare-mo SeurCeviaT bermonazvnebs TavianTi naTeli miznebis xorcSesasxmelad. aqedan xelisguliviT iSleba Cvens Tvalwin TiTqmis mTeli raWa, metadre mTiani nawili raWisa, rac dauviwyar siamovnebas gvaniWebs. aseve me mqonda bedniereba raWis ramdenime maRali mTidan, Soridan mexila mravalZali. gancdili netarebis sru-lad aRwera SeuZlebelia, yvelam Tavis TvaliT unda naxos da datkbes.

Tavis droze, mravalZalis monastriT dainteresda am soflis Svili, SesaniSnavi swavluli pedagogi da sazogado moRvawe simon sxirtlaZe, romelic gviam-bobs: `gadmocemiT sof. mravalZalSi uZvelesi droi-dan yofila monasteri, sadac Savad Semosili berebi fsalmunis kiTxvasa da gabmul locva-vedrebaSi at-arebdnen wuTisofels.

magram maTi Tavdapirveli adgilsamyofeli dRe-vandeli soflidan daax. 3 km-iT yofila daSorebu-li. Wolevis kldis daboloebasTan, `Wiqis tbis~ ze-viT, axlacaa qvis SenobaTa xavsmodebuli nangrevebi, romelsac xalxi `naeklesievs~ uwodebs.

rogorc Cans, jer kidev arabebis batonobis xa-naSi, raRac mizezis gamo, berebi aqedan ayrilan da ufro farTo samonastro cxovreba gauCaRebiaT iq, sa-dac axla kvinwixis goris ube-kalTebze mravalZalis

5. vaJa gobejiSvili

66

SesaniSnavi taZaria aRmarTuli.sainteresoa, rom swored aq, bunebis am metad mkacr

samefoSi, gadmocemiT, odesRac Tavi Seufarebia jan-RoniT aRsavse vaJkacs, romelsac socialuri usamarT-lobis niadagze raRac ubedureba SemTxvevia. saTnoe-biT aRsavse berebs ltolvili mamaSvilurad miuRiaT da yovelgvarad xeli SeuwyviaT, raTa ojaxs mohkide-boda. gadmocemiT, misi ganStoebidan warmomdgara dRe-vandeli soflis ZiriTad mkvidrTa gvari _ sxirtlaZe.

mravalZalSi rom uxsovari droidan monasteri yofila, zepirgadmocemisa da angariSgasawevi topon-imikuri monacemebis garda istoriuli sabuTebiTac dasturdeba.

Cven mier axlaxan mikvleul erT-erT sigel-gu-jarSi, romelic imereTis mefis solomon II da misi meuRlis mariam dedoflis mieraa gacemuli da 1804 wels didi ritoris solomon lioniZis saxeliTaa dawerili, garkveviT vkiTxulobT:

`Cven keTilmsaxurebiT morwmuneni da damsdebel-ni sasoebisa Cvenisani, mravalZalsa da sakvirvelT mo-qmedsa xatsa Sensa zeda, mpyrobeli sruliad imereTisa daviTian bagratoani mefe imerTa solomon, da Tanamecx-edre Cveni dadianis asuli dedofali mariam, giZRvniT gujarsa amas sasoebiT saxseneblad da gansaZliere-blad Cvenda, da saoxad sulisa da cxovrebisa Cvenisa warmarTebad keTildReobiT; esreT romel wminda da saswaulTmoqmedi eklesia Seni iyo ZvelTagan monas-ter wminda sakrebulo, sada igi awca ixilvebian qvabni sadayudebuloni da cvlilebisagan dauwynarebelTa droTasa Seqmniliyo saeriskacod.~

amJamad Znelia gadaWriT iTqvas, Tu romeli sau-kunidan Caeyara safuZveli mravalZalis miwa-wyalze samonastro cxovrebas, an ra saxisa da masStabis iyo

67

moqmedebis are. uciloblad mxolod is unda miviCnioT, rom mravalZalSi berebisave iniciativiTa da uSualo monawileobiT agebula e. w. monastris sakrebulo taZ-ari, romelic Tavidanve wm. giorgis saxelobaze wode-bula.~

verafers davamatebT, garda imisa, rom mravalZa-lis monastris safuZvlis Cayra SeiZleba momxdariyo mxolod arabobis bolo periodSi, arauadres X sauku-nisa.

rac Seexeba samonastro cxovrebis moSlas, Seu-Zlebelia jerjerobiT raime iTqvas amis Sesaxeb.

mravalZalis wm. giorgis eklesia odiTganve iT-vleboda erT-erT Zlier salocavad raWaSi (da ara marto raWaSi). aq modiodnen momlocvelebi da Semom-wirvelebi Soreuli mxareebidanac. 1895 wels gaz. `ive-ria~ (#145) werda:

`raWis mazraSi arsebobs erTi Zvelis Zveli wmi-dis giorgis eklesia, romelic mdebareobs sof. mra-valZalSi. es gaxlavT is eklesia, romlis winaSec qedi moixara qveynis mmusvrelma Sah abasma da romelsac oqroTi moWedili da Zvirfasi TvlebiT Semkuli xmali miarTva.~ aRniSnuli xmali didxans inaxeboda taZarSi.

1890-ian wlebSi XI saukunis SesaniSnavi bazilika gadaakeTes da mas gumbaTi moarges, riTac sagrZno-blad dariRva misi pirvandeli forma.

1990 wlis Zlierma miwisZvram taZari daangria, ma-gram, sabednierod, gadarCa Zveli eklesiis nawili, ro-melic dRes daxuruli da daculia. amJamad mimdin-areobs mSenebloba taZris srulyofisaTvis.

* * *

68

Tavmdabali arasodes ecema. sadRa daecema igi, vi-sac sakuTari Tavi yvelaze umdablesad miaCnia?

wmida makari didi

69

futieTis monasteri

raWis qedis CrdiloeT kalTaze lamazad Camjdari sof. futieTis Semogareni zedgamoWrili adgilia myu-dro samonastro cxovrebisaTvis. uflis madliT, kide-vac damkvidrebulan odesRac aq ama soflis SfoTian yofas gaSorebuli berebi da cxoveli moRvaweobac gauCaRebiaT.

imisda miuxedavad, rom futieTis monastris Ses-axeb araviTari werilobiTi sabuTi ar gagvaCnia, kom-pleqsis daTvaliereba gvarwmunebs, rom Zvelad STambe-Wdavi savane arsebula.

namonastrali soflis siaxlovesaa, md. Walas mar-cxena napiras, mTis ZirSi, tyian da SemaRlebul adgi-las. monastris taZari, romlis saZirkvelic kargad gairCeva, yvela sxva nagebobaze maRlaa. eklesiis mTa-vari xati dRes ucnobia CvenTvis. mosaxleoba mas, da saerTod monasters, berebis eklesiad moixseniebs. sxva Senoba-nagebobanic, romlebic aq blomadaa sakmaod did farTobze, nangrevebis saxiTaa warmodgenili. maTgan yuradRebas iqcevs didi zomis (daax. 20× 10 mm) Senoba, gayofili sam darbazad.

saydris axlos am bolo wlebSi SeuniSnavT da gauwmendiaT akldamiseburi qvitkiris nageboba (daax. 3× 1,5 mm) zevidan daxuruli qvitkirisave TaRiT, rac uciloblad ganZTasacavi unda iyos. savaraudoa, rom aseTebi kidev iyos aq.

monastridan 150-200 metris moSorebiT patara wy-aroa, romelsac xalxi wminda wyaros eZaxis. gadmoce-miT, am wyalSi avlebdnen Zvirfas saeklesio nivTebs.

wyarodan asiode metrSi, nakadulis piras, qvit-kiris Zveli kedelia SemorCenili, romelic, eWvs gar-eSea, samonastro meurneobis Semadgenel raRac nawils

70

warmoadgenda (wisqvili an sxva ram).Zveli savanis zedapiruli dakvirvebac ki safuZv-

els gvaZlevs vTqvaT: futieTSi moRvawe berebs imTa-viTve mtkice saZirkveli CauyriaT rogorc sulieri, ise miwieri lamazi saxlis asaSeneblad. monastris SemorCenili naSTebi cxadad mowmoben uwindel mSve-nierebas, naTlad RaRadeben mis mosagreTa maRal su-lierebasa da miznebze, didi moTminebiT, udrtvinvelad rom aRasrulebdnen qristes swavlebas.

futieTis savanis daarseba ganviTarebul Sua sau-kuneebs unda miekuTvnos. xolo rac Seexeba monastru-li cxovrebis moSlas, mis gamomwvev mizezebsa da dros, konkretulad raimes Tqma Wirs, Tumca arsebobs xalxSi darCenili miniSneba imis Taobaze, rom savanis gaukac-rieleba gamoiwvia rusTa sastikma angariSsworebam 1819-21 wlebSi e.w. `imereTis ajanyebis~ sapasuxod.

* * *

giyvardes RvTis saxli, magram sakuTar TavSic aaS-ene RvTis taZari

wmida nilos sineli

71

Wolevis monasteri

sof. futieTidan erTi biliki maRliT, Wolevis

kldis daboloebisaken miemarTeba da mivyavarT mTian,

Tvalwarmtac adgilas, romelsac xalxi `naeklesiars~

eZaxis. es adgili kargad mosCans sof. mravalZalidan-

ac. `naeklesiari~ Zvelad monasteri yofila da sakma-

od masStaburic, rasac mowmobs misi Senoba-nagebobaTa

mimofantuli naSTebi.

iyo Jami saqarTvelos Zlierebisa; raWac mZlav-

robda da masTan Wolevis monasteric, sxva mraval sa-

vaneTa mxardamxar. aqaur bermonazonTa locva-vedre-

basac ismenda ufali Cveni. didi xania, rac isini am

soflidan gavidnen, magram maTi amsofliuri moRvaweo-

bis adgili mdumared inaxavs maTive xsovnas... aq, Zvele-

burad, isev simyudrovea...

rogorc metwilad, Wolevs moRvawe bermonazonTa

Sesaxeb bevri araferi viciT. simon sxirtlaZe, eyrd-

noba ra zepirgadmocemas, aRniSnavs, rom mravalZalis

monasterSi, romlis brwyinvale taZaric XI saukuneSia

agebuli, berebi swored Wolevidan gadasulan samoR-

vaweod. advili SesaZlebelia asec yofiliyo, oRondac,

aramc da aramc, ar unda vifiqroT Wolevis gaukacri-

elebaze. Wolevis savane kvlav agrZelebs arsebobas

saukuneTa manZilze. sxvanairad, samonastro ansamblis

kvali iseTi saxiT, rogoric dResaa, ar gveqneboda, miwa

dafaravda yvelafers.

marTlac rom mZlavrobda im dros raWa! mTlianad

da unarianad iyo aTvisebuli mTa da bari, yvela xeoba.

72

mravlismetyvelia Tundac is, rom erT xeobaSi, TiTq-

mis gverdigverd, ramdenime kilometris daSorebiT, sami

monasteri (Wolevi, mravalZali, futieTi) aRasrulebs

Tavis wminda daniSnulebas, rac qveynisa da mxaris eko-

nomiur da kulturul dawinaurebazec metyvelebs Ta-

visTavad, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT sulier simaRleze.

* * *

rogori sasoebiT gaiwvdi xelebs Seni Semoqmedi-saken, rodesac TviTon Sensave msgavss, romelsac Sen-sken aqvs xeli gamowvdili, zurgs aqcev?

wmida ioane oqropiri

73

Rviaris monasteri

ager ukve aT saukuneze metia, rac md. Rviaris-xevis marjvena SemaRlebul tyian serze, Zveli cixis nangrevebis maRla, sof. Rviaris jvarcmis darbazuli eklesia auSenebiaT, sadac adre, rogorc irkveva, monas-teric yofila.

adgili mSvenieri SeurCeviaT. aqedan xelisguli-viT moCans raWis qedisa da misi CrdiloeTi kalTis sanaxebi. mimdebare adgilebic saucxoo sanaxaobas war-moadgens. dasanania mxolod, rom aRar arsebobs sofe-li Rviara, romlis mosaxleobac am ramdenime aTeuli wlis win aiyara da raWis sxva soflebSi Casaxlda (ZiriTadad sof. bostanaSi).

saxuravis gareSe darCenili X saukunis Ses-aniSnavi Zegli _ Rviaris jvarcmis eklesia 1960-ian wlebSi Seiswavla xelovnebaTmcodne niko CubinaSvil-ma, romelic wers: `eklesiis moedani pataraa. misgan CrdiloeTiT, aRmosavleTiT da samxreTiT daqanebaa md. Rviarisxevisaken. dasavleTiT reliefi maRldeba. aRmosavleTiT da samxreTiT taZris dabla amoyva-nilia Zlieri sayrdeni (sabrjgeni) qvitkiris kedlebi. samxreTis fasadis win gakeTebulia moedani, dabliT ki terasebi kedlebiT, romlebic warmoadgendnen agreTve CrdiloeT zRudes raRac Zvel SenobebTan, dRes nan-grevebad qceul da miwiT dafarulTan. SesaZlebelia es Senobebi gankuTvnili iyo sasuliero pirebisaTvis, an aq arsebobda monasteri.~

marTalia, raime werilobiTi damowmeba an Tqmuleba RviaraSi savanis arsebobisa ar gagvaCnia, amgram jvarc-mis eklesiis adgil-mdebareobis martivi dakvirvebac ki sakmarisia vTqvaT, rom aq odesRac monasteri iyo da, rogorc mama rafaeli ambobs: `bermonazonTa locvis

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Zalas dResac iseve SevigrZnobT, rogorc keTilsur-nelebas yvavilebisas, romelTa saxelebi arcki viciT.~

damajereblad SeiZleba miviCnioT, rom RviaraSi bermonazonTa damkvidreba moxda X saukuneSi, eklesiis aSenebisTanave, an ufro adre.

rogorc raWis bevri savanis, aseve ucnobia Rvi-araSi monastruli cxovrebis Sewyvetis dro.

XIX saukuneSi Rviaris jvarcmis eklesia jer kidev moqmedia da mRvdelmsaxurebas ewevian mRvdle-bi SarabiZeebi. imave saukunis bolos RviaraSi aSen-da (Zvelis adgilas) wm. Tevdores eklesia. akurTxa udidesma sasuliero moRvawem _ imereTis episkoposma gabrielma. taZari aaSena cnobilma Wrebaloelma os-tatma niko WiRvariam, rasac eklesiaze SemorCenili warwerac gvamcnobs. Jurn. `mwemsi~ (1892 w. #188) ki gvauwyebs: `misgan aSenebuli eklesiebi yvelani saim-edoni arian, rodesac berZnebisagan naSeni eklesiebi yvelani dazianebulia.~ Zveli jvarcmis taZris kuTvni-li saeklesio nivTebic wm. Tevdores eklesiaSi unda gadaetanaT. dRes es mSvenieri saydaric saxuravis ga-reSea darCenili da Svelas iTxovs.

* * *

sulis Tavmdabloba Seumusravi iaraRiaamba evagre

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sakaos samziaris udabno

md. sakauras lamaz xeobaSi, Soda-kedelas qedis samxreT kalTaze sofeli sakaoa Sefenili. soflis siaxloves, mdinaris marcxena mxares, bunebiT gamor-Ceul adgilas, samonastro ansamblis naSTebia. aRniS-nuli kompleqsidan, romelic `samziaris udabnodacaa~ cnobili, dros wm. giorgis eklesiam gauZlo sxva Seno-bebze metad, da isic, samwuxarod, ukve aRar arsebobs. misi aRwera isev mironcxebulma g. boWoriZem dagvi-tova. ai, ras wers mkvlevari: `sakaos samziaris udab-nos wm. giorgis eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa (6,5×× 3,6 m), romelsac samxreTiT miSenebuli aqvs samwirvelo (6,5×× 2,55 m), xolo dasavleTiT saqalebo. eklesia naS-enia Sirimis Tlili qvisa da kirisagan. igi darRveu-lia orive mxares. xuravs yavari.... eklesia Semkulia ramdenime qandakebiT da warweriT.

amave soflis zemoT aris eklesia qaSueTis wm. giorgis saxelobisa. igi qvitkiris Senobaa axa-li droisa, aSenebuli Zveli eklesiis adgilas. misi saZirkvelis gaTxris dros aRmoCenila erTi adamianis akldama, romelSic yofila brinjaos nivTebi: culi, samkauli da sxv. zogi dakargula. Semonaxulia: culi, mSvildi da isari.

1980-iani wlebis dasawyisSi eklesia moinaxula Tamaz beraZem, romelic SeniSnavs: `adrefeodaluri xa-nis, bareliefebiT Semkuli, naxevrad dangreuli ekle-sia dgas sakaoSi. aqedan g. boWoriZem wamoiRo erTi xati, romelic X saukuniT TariRdeba. am saukuneSi unda iyos aSenebuli sakaos saydaric.~

rac Seexeba monastris sxva SenobaTa kvals, rom-lebic TiTqmis naxevar heqtar farTobs moicavs, jer kidev kargad SeiniSneba berTa senakebis saZirkvlebi,

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didi zRudisa da sxva nagebobaTa naSTebi. blomadaa wina saukuneTa saflavis qvebi. namonastrali mTli-anad tyiTaa dafaruli, sadac blomadaa xexilic.

eWvs araferi iwvevs, rom vTqvaT: samziaris ud-abnoc iseve Zvelia, rogorc raWis sxva monastrebi. misi daarseba X saukunes unda mivakuTvnoT. Tu rodis dasrulda aq bermonazonTa moRvaweoba, amis Tqma Zne-lia, magram berTa ramdenime senakisa da sxva SenobaTa narCenebis dRevandeli mdgomareobiT Tu vimsjelebT, im daskvnamde mivdivarT, rom es arcTu ise Soreul warsulSi unda momxdariyo, SesaZloa, XVIII saukune-Siac ki.

* * *

sixaruliT gacema mets niSnavs, vidre _ bevris gacema.

netari avgustine

77

miqarwmindis monasteri

xelovnebaTmcodne malaqia dvalma gamoTqva mo-sazreba, rom sof. miqarwmindis mTavarangelozTa ekle-siasTan Zvelad monasteric unda yofiliyo, gamomdin-are iq SemorCenili samSeneblo naSTebidan. dRes is naSTebic naklebad Cans, vinaidan iq soflis sasaflaoa da, TavisTavad, waSlila bevri ram. TviT eklesiis saZirkvelic ki Znelad gairCeva. gadmocemiT, adre taZ-ris gverdiT mdgara didi urTxeli da ZvelisZveli muxebi. axla aq mxolod cacxvis, bzisa da sxva mcena-reTa xeebia.

am bolo wlebSi, rogorc adgilobrivma mkvidrma elguja soxaZem miambo, saflavis gaWrisas upoviaT mozrdili qvevri, rac metad amyarebs b-on malaqias mosazrebas.

mTavarangelozTa Zveli eklesia X saukuniTaa da-TariRebuli. XVIII saukuneSi ki taZari ganuaxlebiaT. igi erT-erTi didi darbazuli eklesia iyo raWaSi. saydarsa da monasters didi galavani hqonia. misi nar-Cenebi kidev SeimCneva. es yvelaferi dRevandeli sof-lis SuagulSia, SemaRlebul adgilas.

miqarwmindaSi samonastro cxovrebis dasawyisi X saukunes unda mivaweroT.

* * *

umjobesia, sakuTar Tavze cudi moismino, vidre _ sxvaze Tqva cudi.

wmida grigol RvTismetyveli

78

79

RadiSis monasteri

soflebs: RadiSsa da bareuls Sua maRali goraa

aRmarTuli, saidanac gansakuTrebulad SeigrZnoba

raWis xedebis ganumeorebeli silamaze. goris Tavs

dgas RadiSis wm. giorgis STambeWdavi eklesia, romli-

sac mxolod sanaxevrod dangreuli kedlebia SemorCe-

nili (CrdiloeTis kedlis qvis wyobaSi erTi uzarmaz-

ari qvaa, romlis sigrZec 2,7 m-ia, simaRle ki 1 metrze

meti). taZris arqiteqturuli formebis mixedviT, Zegli

X-XI saukuneebisa unda iyos, rasac xelovnebaTmcodne

malaqia dvalic adasturebs.

taZris mimdebare, sakmaod mozrdili vake adgili

galavanSi yofila moqceuli, romlis SigniTac sxva

Senoba-nagebobaTa kvalic SeiniSneba. Cans da igrZno-

ba, rom saukuneebs miRma wm. giorgis eklesia da misi

Semogareni qarTveli bermonazvnebis sacxovrissa da

samoRvaweo adgils warmoadgenda. cnobaTa ararsebo-

bis miuxedavad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom RadiSs monasteri

iyo. am mosazrebas damajereblobas matebs TviT adg-

ilmdebareobac.

RadiSSi samonastro cxovrebis dasabamad ki X

saukune unda miviCnioT.

am bolo wlebSi taZramde samanqano gza miiyvana

soflis mosaxleobam, Zeglis aRdgenis mizniT. eklesia,

rogorc raWis uamravi Zegli, XX saukuneSi dazianda.

80 wlis win g. boWoriZem aseTi aRwera dagvitova: `Ra-

diSis wm. giorgis eklesia erTnaviani Senobaa, nage-

bi Sirimis Tlili qvisa da kirisagan. xuravs yavari,

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romelic adgil-adgil dampalia. iatakad dagebulia

Tlili qva.~

RadiSis monastrisa da wm. giorgis taZris didi

warsuli gvavaldebulebs am SesaniSnavi Zeglis aRd-

genasa da Zvel samsaxurSi Cayenebas. RmerTi Seweodes

RadiSelebs am keTilSobilur saqmeSi!

* * *

vecadoT, rom qoneba, romelic Rirsia daiRupos, im jildod SevcvaloT, romelic arasdros iRupeba.

wmida grigol diloRosi

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cxomis dedaTa monasteri

sof. Walidan, daax. 5 km-is daSorebiT, md. xevas (Walula) marcxnidan patara mdinare varna uerTde-ba, romlis xeobis zemo welSic, cxomis mTis samxreT kalTaze, tyian da mSvenier adgilas jer kidev kargad SeimCneva Zveli savanis kvali. monastris mTavarange-lozTa eklesia SemaRlebul gorakzea, romlisganac dRes mxolod saZirkveliRaa darCenili. irgvliv ki mraval nagebobaTa narCenebi, didi cacxvebi da uamravi bzis xea. asiode metris moSorebiT ki mSvenieri wy-aroa.

saukuneTa manZilze moqmedebda aq dedaTa monas-teri. martivi vizualuri daTvalierebac ki gvaZlevs safuZvels vTqvaT: dedaTa monazvnur cxovrebas aq didi xnis win, ganviTarebul Sua saukuneebSi Caeyara safuZveli.

levan fruiZes 1960-ian wlebSi Waleli xan-dazmulebisagan Cauweria, rom moRweuli TqmulebiT _ cxomis dedaTa monasterSi uamrav monazons ucxovria. es gadmocema imiTacaa mniSvnelovani, rom SegviZlia vivaraudoT _ cxomis savane arcTu ise Soreul war-sulSi unda iyos gaukacrielebuli, raki ase kargad moaRwia Tqmulebam Cvenamde, rasac ver vityviT raWis bevr savaneze, romelTa Sesaxebac mxolod SenobaTa darCenili naSTebiT gviwevs msjeloba.

samonastro kompleqss irgvliv mravalferovani tye da vrceli savargulebi akravs, romelic monas-tris kuTvnileba unda yofiliyo. aq Zalze kargi pi-robebia samonastro meurneobis mosawyobad. amasTan, pirveladi bunebis simSveniere da myudro garemo xom Tavisebur lazaTs Sematebda sulkurTxeuli dedebis madliT savse monazvnur cxovrebas.

6. vaJa gobejiSvili

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Rirsi mamebi amboben: `WeSmariti monazoni suli-wmidis qmnilebaao.~ da ramdeni aseTi qmnileba _ mi-wieri angelozi axsovs cxomis miwiersave samoTxes _ dedaTa savanes, SromiT, RvawliT, spetaki qalwulebiT, locva-vedrebiT rom emsaxura kacTmoyvare ufals, Cvens sarwmunoebasa da qveyanas. maTi nakvalevi jer kidev ar waSlila da amitomacaa, rom cxomis idumalebiT mosil, aw ukve namonastralTan miaxloebisas kvlav Zalumad SevigrZnobT dedaTa Rvawlis naTels, maTi cxovrebis sulier Tu xorciel mxares.

cxomis dedaTa savane erTi naTeli furcelia raWis mdidari kulturuli da sulieri memkvidreobisa.

* * *

minaxavs sakuTari sityebisagan mravali codviT dacemuli, magram TiTqmis aravin _ mdumarebiT.

wmida ambrosi mediolaneli

83

is saydari~

sof. glolis `zedqalaqis~ Sua saukuneTa uamrav nagebobaTagan sruli saxiT mxolod mcire zomis (3,6× 2,2 m) `beris saydrad~ wodebulma eklesiam moaR-wia.

eq. TayaiSvili wers: `eklesiis aSenebas miaweren daviT aRmaSenebels da mas `saberos~ uwodeben, vinaid-an aq mwirs ucxovria.~

g. boWoriZem eklesiis aSeneba da moxatva XIII saukuniT daaTariRa da sworadac, vinaidan kedlis umSvenieres moxatulobaSi Tamar dedoflis unikal-uri freskac brwyinavda, romelic, samwuxarod, 1910-ian wlebSi dazianda da waiSala uyuradRebobis gamo.

mcire samlocvelo Zvelad vinme gandegils auS-enebiao, werda p. uvarova 1880-ian wlebSi, glovel xan-dazmulTa naambobze dayrdnobiT.

amJamad xalxi am mcire eklesias `sultaneT wm. giorgiT~ moixseniebs. saydari bolo wlebSi SekeTda da daixura TunuqiT.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas: glolis `beris saydari~ aSenda berebis sam-locvelod. imdroisaTvis aq bermonazvnobas mtkiced hqonda fesvebi gamjdari, miT ufro, rom bubis

Zveli monasteri sul axlos, 6-7 kilometrSi mde-bareobda.

* * *

dacemuli fexze unda daayeno da ara _ dascino.wmida efrem asuri

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motyiaris `beris wyaro~

sof. motyiaris SuagulSi (wminda giorgis eklesii-dan daax. 300 metrSi) aris kurTxeuli adgili, wodebuli _ `beris wyarod.~ amJamad aq wyaro aRar Cans, magram, gadmo-cemiT, adre makurnebeli wyaro gamoedineboda; iqve berebs ucxovriaT da adgilsac `beris wyaro~ darqmevia. adgili odnav SemaRlebulia da dRes aq mxolod erTmaneTis siax-loves ori didi da ZvelTaZveli muxa da ori mozrdili qvevria miwaSi, romlebic Zalian Zveli unda iyos. SenobaTa raime kvali vizualurad ar SeiniSneba, magram, SesaZloa, nagebobaTa naSTebi miwiT iyos dafaruli.

`beris wyaros~ siaxloves mcxovrebma xandazmulma qa-lbatonma nino miqiaSvilma miTxra: Cemi meuRle dabejiTe-biT ambobda, rom aq adre berebi cxovrobdneno.

maniSnebeli adgili Tavisi siZveleebiTa da xalxSi darCenili Tqmuleba ueWvels xdis, rom ̀ beris wyaro~ winaT bermonazonTa sacxovrisi da samoRvaweo yofila; Tu ro-dis, amis garkveva arqeologiuri Seswavlis gareSe SeuZle-belia.

Tu yurs gaufrTxildebi, eniT ar Sescodav.amba isaia

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b oloT q m a

friad didi, Rrma sarwmunoebiT gaJRenTili qristianuli warsuli gaaCnia raWas. amis dasturi, sxva rom ara vTqvaT, 400-ze meti taZaria (zogi srulad, umetesi nangrevebis saxiT) istori-is sxvadasxva periodebSi aSenebuli. sworedasc rom mxolod aseTi Rrma sarwmunoebis wiaRSi iyo SesaZlebeli iseTi da imdeni savanis daarseba, rogorsac da ramdensac Cven vicnobT Tundac. mokidebuli dasabamidan, rig ZnelbedobaTa miuxedavad, bzari ar gasCenia WeSmarit sarwmunoebas raWaSi, vidre total-uri Seteva da ngreva ar ganaxorcieles masonur-komunistrma Zalebma, Tumca maSinac ki ver Cakles bolomde xalxSi daleqi-li siyvaruli qristes swavlebisadmi, rac mudmiv gamovlinebas poulobda qristianuli tradiciebis erTgulebaSi.

RvTis madliT, TiTqmis ori saukunis Semdeg kvlav aRdga raWaSi eparqia. ramdenime taZarSi aResruleba yoveldRiuri mRvdelmsaxureba, ramdenimeSiac ki garkveul dReebSi; moma-valSi sxvebic miemateba… maRalyovladusamRvdeloesma, nikor-wmidelma mTavarepiskoposma elisem (joxaZe) irgvliv Semoi-kriba sasulieroTa Rirseuli krebuli, romelmac mSvenivrad uwyis vis Cayril tradiciebsac agrZeleben. raWa xom mudam mdidari iyo madliT gabrwyinebuli, RvTivsaTno sasuliero pirebiT. `aqamdisac rom ar mqonoda gulSi samRvdeloTa si-yvaruli, aq Camesaxeboda, iseTi mRvdlebi yofilano.~ _ uTqvams 1912 wels raWa-leCxumSi mgozaurobisas did akakis. diebuli Sefasebaa, magram es ar yofila moulodneli, im periodSi xom mRvdlebi: longinoz kikviZe, mixeil gavaSeliSvili, vladimer fofxaZe, aleqsandre mesxi, simon WeliZe, markoz sxirtlaZe, Te-vdore saganeliZe da sxvebi moRvaweobdnen. * * *

garda sasuliero Rvawlisa, isini sazogado, pedagogiur da publicistur saqmianobasac eweodnen didad warmatebulad. maTma kalamma bevri mniSvnelovani movlena gadaarCina daviwye-bas.

did Sefasebas aZlevda raWis samRvdeloebas qristes ekle-siis udidesi moRvawe, im drois marTlacda oqropiri _ wmin-da gabriel episkoposi. mRvdelmTavarma ramdenjerme moiara mTliani raWa.

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raWis taZrebiTa da samRvdeloebiT moxiblula bevri ucxoeli mecnieri Tu mogzauri, romelTa CamoTvla Sors wagviyvanda.

dasanania mxolod, rom erT dros umSvenieresi bevri taZari bedukuRmarTobama da zogjerac adamianTa gulgri-lobam savalalo dReSi Caayena, zogi miwasTan gaaswora, zogic dazianebuli saxiT SemogvrCa da Svelas gvTxovs. Zalze kargia axali eklesiebis ageba, magram Zveli taZrebis movla-patronoba da SenarCuneba rom ufro didi madli-sa da mniSvnelobisaa, sayovelTaodaa cnobili (miT ufro, Tu Zegls xuroTmoZRvruli Rirebuleba gaaCnia). sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, meWvreTisa da joisubnis taZrebis bedis anabarad mitoveba istoriis ugulebelyofa da, metic, dana-Saulis tolfasia.

garda sasuliero Rvawlisa, isini sazogado, pedagogiur da publicistur saqmianobasac eweodnen didad warmatebu-lad. maTma kalamma bevri mniSvnelovani movlena gadaarCina daviwyebas.

did Sefasebas aZlevda raWis samRvdeloebas qristes eklesiis udidesi moRvawe, im drois marTlacda oqropiri _ wminda gabriel episkoposi. mRvdelmTavarma ramdenjerme moiara mTliani raWa.

raWis taZrebiTa da samRvdeloebiT moxiblula bevri ucxoeli mecnieri Tu mogzauri, romelTa CamoTvla Sors wagviyvanda.

dasanania mxolod, rom erT dros umSvenieresi bevri taZari bedukuRmarTobama da zogjerac adamianTa gulgri-lobam savalalo dReSi Caayena, zogi miwasTan gaaswora, zogic dazianebuli saxiT SemogvrCa da Svelas gvTxovs. Zalze kargia axali eklesiebis ageba, magram Zveli taZrebis movla-patronoba da SenarCuneba rom ufro didi madli-sa da mniSvnelobisaa, sayovelTaodaa cnobili (miT ufro, Tu Zegls xuroTmoZRvruli Rirebuleba gaaCnia). sxvas rom Tavi davaneboT, meWvreTisa da joisubnis taZrebis bedis anabarad mitoveba istoriis ugulebelyofa da, metic, dana-Saulis tolfasia.

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metad mniSvnelovania, rom eparqiis, SemomwirvelTa da saTanado organoebis ZalisxmeviT moxerxda 1990 wlis mi-wisZvriT dazianebuli ramdenime taZris SekeTeba. amasTanave, saimedodaa daculi atmosferuli zemoqmedebisagan da aRdge-nis procesSia krixisa da mravalZalis brwyinvale saydrebi. Tumca sasurvelia metis gakeTeba.

am bolo wlebSi aigo axali taZrebi: onSi, uweraSi, sorSi, WrebaloSi, sakaoSi, faraxeTSi, qveda SavraSi, sorgiTSi, zva-reTSi, xeiTSi, SqmerSi, qvedSi, patara onSi, motyiarSi...…

saimedod SekeTda Zveli eklesiebi: sorSi, labeWinaSi, wmendaurSi, WioraSi, gorisubanSi, qvemo krixSi… mSenebloba mimdinareobs: RebSi, jvarisaSi, futieTSi, glolaSi...…

unda viwamoT, rom amden aRmSeneblobas monastris safuZ-vlis Cayrac mohyveba da bermonazonTa gulmxurvale locva-vedrebis udidesi Zala da madli ar moakldeba raWas!

zogi ram bermonazonTa cxovrebidan

Rirsma mamebma, romelTac umaRles sulier mdgomareobas miaRwies, udidesi memkvidreobac dagvitoves. maTi monazvnuri cxovrebis, moRvaweobisa da Semoqmedebis gacnoba ara marto didad Semecnebadia, aramed RvTis didi siyvaruliTac aRg-vavsebs.

* * *aTonis mTaze, qarTvelTa savanis siaxloves, Znelad misa-

val adgilas, axlac aris gamoqvabuli, sadac cxovrobda da moRvaweobda (Xs.) winda. gabriel qarTveli, romelic zamTro-biT monasterSi Camodioda. mdumarebis RvawlSi myof wminda bers maradis ZaZa emosa da mxolod mxaleuliT ikvebeboda, vinaidan igi iyo WeSmaritad `zecisa kaci da qveynisa ange-lozi~. swored wminda gabriels mouwoda RvTismSobelma ege-osis zRvidan saswaulmoqmedi RvTismSoblis xatis gamotana.

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simdabliT, siwrfoebiTa da umankoebiT gamorCeul moRvawes, Rirs ioane Tornikyofils erTi sisuste hqon-da. vinaidan mraval omSi gamarjvebuli mxedarTmTavari iyo, gardasul sasaxelo ambavTa mogoneba uyvarda. wmin-da ioane mTawmindels SeeSinda, rom mas raime sulieri gansacdeli ar SemTxveoda da urCia: `vxedav, mamao, RvTis madliT warematebi sulierad, amitomac ar minda ziani mogadges. amieridan soflis saqmeebze mxolod gabriel xucess uTxari da sxvas araviso.~ xolo gabriel xucesis piridan amsofliuri sityva ar amodioda, garda suli-erisa. ioane Tornikyofili cremlis

* * *RvriT Cauvarda fexebSi moZRvars da SehRaRada: `rad daidume aqamomde da ara mamxile, wmidao da RmerTSe-mosilo mamao?~ mama ioanem wamoayena moxucebuli da uTxra: `ufalman Segindven, garna aw xolo ekrZalen.~ amis Semdeg aravis gaugonia misi mxedruli mogonebani. man mdumarebiTa da RmerTis sasoebiT galia cxovrebis darCenili dReebi da mSvidobianad miabara suli ufals.

gabriel qarTvelze ki ambobdnen, rom iyo dro, roca `bevrs~ saubrobda. es maSin xdeboda, rodesac mezoblad mcxovrebi Rirsi mama leon romaeli estumreboda xolme. wm. gabrielma misi ena ar icoda, mama leonma ki qarTuli, magram miuxedavad amisa, Sebindebisas gamovidodnen Tavi-anTi senakebidan da ciskris zarebis rekvamde saRmrTo sagnebze saubrobdnen, erTmaneTis naTqvami yvelaferi es-modaT im siwmindis gamo, myudroebaSi rom moepovebinaT.

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* * *wminda ilarion qarTvelis (axlis) saxeli mTel

aTonze iyo ganTqmuli. axlac ki didi sasoebiT ixsene-ben am Rirs mamas. gardacvalebidan sami wlis Tavze gaxsnes misi saflavi. Txrisas saocari keTilsurneleba igrZnes. wminda nawilebis gadatanisas erTma meudabnoem dRisiT-mzisiT, xuT saaTze, mzesaviT manaTobeli burTi dainaxa mama sabas senakis Tavze (iq, sadac wm. ilari-onis wminda nawilebi iyo dasvenebuli). burTi sxivebs afrqvevda da senakidan moSorebiT haerSi trialebda. erTi saaTis Semdeg burTi gaqra. maSin ufiqria Rirs ma-mas, etyoba, ilarion qarTvelis saflavi gaxsneso.

`karibWe~

* * *mitropoliti ioane mouTxrobda wminda gabriels:

_ maSin berdiakoni viyav garejas. davsneuldi muclis simsivniT da ise mtkioda, sunTqvas miSlidao. am dros

Sevida Turme masTan wminda ioseb kaTalikosi (ro-melic maSin iq moRvaweobda), naxa dasneulebuli ioane, romelsac laparakis Tavic ar hqonda da TvalebiTRa evedreboda wminda mamas locvas. wminda mRvdelmTavarma meyseulad datova sneuli, Sevida Tavis senakSi, iloca mxurvaled, mere isev miakiTxa sneuls da uTxra: msmenia, Txilis joxis naxSiria amisTvis kargio. Sedo cecxlSi Tavisi kverTxi. roca daiwva da danaxSirda, gauria wy-alSi, jvari gadasaxa da sneuls daalevina. SesmisTanave ioanes gaberili muceli daucxra da sami dRis Semdeg sruliad janmrTeli wamodga. ambobda: Txilis naxSirma ki ar ganmkurna, aramed wmindanis locvam, romelic simd-abliT naxSirs abralebda Cems kurnebaso.

`karibWe~

90

* * *XX saukunis dasawyisSi aTonze, wminda petre aTonelis

saxelobis senakebSi, moRvaweobda mama danieli. erTxel Rirsi mama taZarSi saRmrTo liturgiisTvis emzadeboda. raki, kanonTa Tanaxmad, mRvdels liturgiis marto aRsruleba ar SeuZlia _ saWiroa meore mgalobeli mainc, mama danielma odnav moSore-biT mcxovreb bers sTxova, diliT liturgia masTan erTad aResrulebina. meore dRes mama danieli Seimosa, ciskris locva aRavlina da liturgiis dawyebisaTvis mezobels dauwyo lo-dini. didxans eloda, magram beri ar Canda _ Turme avad gamx-dariyo. mama danieli sagonebelSi Cavarda, ar icoda, ra eqna. am dros taZarSi sami Saosani Sevida. mama danieli miesalma maT da daxmareba sTxova. berebs uari ar uTqvamT. orma igaloba, mesamem ki mnaTeoba gaswia. liturgia rom aRasrules, mama dan-ielma berebs hkiTxa, romeli monastridan iyvnen da ra erqvaT. maT miuges, rom iverTa monastridan iyvnen, saxelad ki ioane, eqvTime da giorgi erqvaT. mama danielma barZimSi darCenili wminda ZRveni miiRo da sakurTxevlidan gamovida, raTa berebs gamaspinZleobda, magram isini iq aRar daxvdnen. mama danieli mixvda, rom ucnobi stumrebi iverTa monastris damaarsebelni _ ioane, eqvTime da giorgi qarTvelebi iyvnen.

`karibWe~

* * *XX s-is aToneli beri _ mama paisi igonebs ra mama petres,

ambobs:`adamianebTan urTierToba uWirda, amitomac senakSi iketebo-

da da ganuwyvetliv RmerTs ezraxeboda. roca mamebi ukakunebdnen, kars ar aRebda da arc maT mier iqve datovebul sakvebs iReb-da. mezobeli berebi sayvedurobdnen _ cudad iqcevi, mamao, rom berebis motanils ar iRebo; is ki pasuxobda: `dideba RmerTs, yvelaferi sakmarisad maqvs da Cems gamo ratom unda moakldes es wyaloba sxva mamebs, visac ase sWirdeba?~

didi moRvaweobiT ganSoreboda kacobrivi survilebi da angelozs mimsgavseboda; gana tyuilad Semosil

91

iyo angelozis sqemiT. mwuxris locvis Semdeg mxolod erT cal orcxobilas SeWamda, mere ki mudmiv locvasa da muxlTadrekaSi iyo. ZilSic ki iesos locvas imeorebda, Ca-Zinebuli locvis kanonis darCenil nawils ambobda xmamaRla. xorciT eZina, suli misi ki fxizlobda da loculobda. mama petres saxeze aRbeWdoda saRmrTo gulisSemusvrileba. misi sulis ska sulieri TafliT avsebuliyo da gardamodioda. roca ekiTxebodnen: rogor cxovrob, mamao, Sens senakSio, pa-suxobda: dideba RmerTs, Cems senaks, Cems sayvarel katunaks, mTeli msoflios sasaxleebze ar gavcvlio. yovel eqvs TveSi erTxel datovebda xolme Tavis `Zivrfas katunaks~ da aTonis monastrebSi midioda xelsaqmis (namuSevrebis) gasayidad, raTa im fuliT naxevari wlis samyofi orcxobila eyida.

mama petre mudmivad marxulobda, saWmels dReSi erTxel, mwuxris Semdeg miiRebda. didmarxvaSi sami dRe miyolebiT arafers Wamda, mxolod SabaT-kviras ixmevda zeTian saWmels. RvTismsaxurebas dReSi Svidi saaTis ganmavlobaSi skvnilze locviT cvlida. amiT asrulebda Tavis sabero kanons _ 700 muxlTadrekasa da 33 aseul iesos locvas, romelsac Tan mc-ire metania erTvoda. am locvis erT mesameds TavisTvis as-rulebda, erTi mesamedis ganmavlobaSi _ cocxlebs, erTisas ki micvalebulebs moixseniebda. Tu Seityobda vinmes gansacdels, misTvis muxlTadrekiT calke loculobda. Jamnebs, mwuxrsa da SuaRamiansac skvnilze loculobda. locva iyo misi xelsaqme.

dauviwyaria CemTvis misi bolo darigebebi. 1958 wlis 12 ivniss, Tavisi mfarveli wmindanis, wm. petres xsenebis dRes, eziara. wirvaze aTonis gandegili berebic movidnen. litur-giis damTavrebisTanave mama petre gamovida taZridan, moamzada mamebisTvis wyali da luqumi, daxuWa Tvalebi da ganwmendili suli Caabara ufals. mamebs egonaT, CaeZinao, elodnen, gaiRvi-Zebs da dRegrZelobas vusurvebTo. Seexnen mxarze da mixvdnen, rom mama petre ukve zecad asuliyo. dae, Tan gvdevdes misi wminda locvebi!

`karibWe~

92

Cveni drois qarTvelma berma, arqimandritma gabriel-ma (urgebaZe) erTxel morwmuneebs hkiTxa: `miTxariT, ras niSnavs `locva _ codvad SeeracxaT?~ albaT arasworad ilocao _ upasuxes. `ara sworad ilocao,~ _ uTxra ber-ma. albaT locvis dros goneba gaurbodao _ ifiqres, rac ar iyo swori. bolos morwmuneebma sTxoves ganemarta, ras niSnavda misive SekiTxva. axlave getyviTo, _ Tqva man. am dros masTan erTi morwmune Semovida kurTxevis asaRebad. mama gabrielma raRacis gakeTeba sTxova. man ki upasuxa: _ axla ar SemiZlia, mere vnaxoTo. Semdeg mama gabri-elma uTxra morwmuneebs: _ axla eg wava da xuTi saaTi ilocebs, magram RmerTi moismens, me rom ar damexmara?! Tu RvTis mcnebebs ar icavT, nu daRliT ufals amdeni locviT, ar mogismenT da locva codvad SegeracxebaT. sikeTe samoTxis kars gagiRebs, simdable Sig Segiyvans da siyvaruli RmerTs ganaxebs. Tu Sens locvas keTili saqme ar mosdevs, aseTi locva mkvdariao.

monazoni paraskeva

dvalTis dedaTa monasteri

iyo dro, roca raWis samonastro cxovrebas Tavisebur siwmindesa da elfers matebda dedaTa savaneebi, romelTa-gan Cvenamde mxolod oris – cxomisa da dvalTis savaneTa arseboba SemorCa xalxis mexsierebas, viTarca Soreuli gamoZaxili zeciuri saTnoebiT aRvsil monazonTa mdidari sulierebisa.

rogorc raWis yvela kuTxe, jejoris xeobis naso-flari dvalTac (wedisis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, daax. 5 kilometrSi) mimzidvelia Tavisi aremariT. aqedan xelis-gulze moCans aseve nasoflari vatra, romelic sapirispiro _ jejoris marcxena mxaresaa.

dvalTis erTi almazad SemadRlebuli adgili SeurCe-viaT samoRvaweod sxivdafenil dedebs da TavianT miwier samoTxedac uqceviaT es kurTxeuli adgili.

JamTa svlam da Znelbedobam dvalTis savanec gaaukac-riela, magram ver waSala kvali da xsovna. Zveli dedaTa monastris naSTebi da Tqmuleba, Taobidan Taobas rom gad-moecemoda, igive xsovnaa maradiul samyaroSi gardasul de-daTa.

dvalTis dedaTa monasteri raWis saerisTavos Zlierebis xanaSi unda iyos safuZvelCayrili, maSin, roca xalxmravali mxare sayovelTao eklesia-monasterTa mSene-blobam moicva, adamianebi ki Semecnebis naTelma da ltol-vam ufalTan miaxloebisa.

* * *

sikeTe spilenZze Caiwere, wyena ki _ wyalze.wmida isidore peluzieli

94

glolis `beris saydari~

sof. glolis `zedqalaqis~ Sua saukuneTa uamrav nagebobaTagan sruli saxiT mxolod mcire zomis (3,6× 2,2 m) `beris saydrad~ wodebulma eklesiam moaRwia.

eq. TayaiSvili wers: `eklesiis aSenebas miaweren da-viT aRmaSenebels da mas `saberos~ uwodeben, vinaidan aq mwirs ucxovria.~

g. boWoriZem eklesiis aSeneba da moxatva XIII sau-kuniT daaTariRa da sworadac, vinaidan kedlis umSve-nieres moxatulobaSi Tamar dedoflis unikaluri fres-kac brwyinavda, romelic, samwuxarod, 1910-ian wlebSi da-zianda da waiSala uyuradRebobis gamo.

mcire samlocvelo Zvelad vinme gandegils auS-enebiao, werda p. uvarova 1880-ian wlebSi, glovel xan-dazmulTa naambobze dayrdnobiT.

amJamad xalxi am mcire eklesias `sultaneT wm. giorgiT~ moixseniebs. saydari bolo wlebSi SekeTda da daixura TunuqiT.

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas: glolis `beris saydari~ aSenda berebis sam-locvelod. imdroisaTvis aq bermonazvnobas mtkiced hqonda fesvebi gamjdari, miT ufro, rom bubis Zveli mon-asteri sul axlos, 6-7 kilometrSi mdebareobda.

* * *

dacemuli fexze unda daayeno da ara _ dascino.wmida efrem asuri

95

96

s a r C e v i

1. Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2. nikorwmindis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

3. WeliSis udabno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

4. meWvreTis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

5. sxieris monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

6. labeWinis monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

7. veltyevis monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

8. leknaris monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

9. Sodis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

10. bubis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

11. Tamar dedoflis saydari . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

12. soris monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

13. Seubnis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

14. mravalZalis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

15. futieTis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

16. Wolevis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

17. Rviaris monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

18. sakaos samziaris udabno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66

19. miqarwmindis monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

20. RadiSis monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

21. cxomis dedaTa monasteri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71

22. dvalTis dedaTa monasteri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

23. glolis `beris saydari~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74

24. motyiaris `beris wyaro~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

25. boloTqma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

26. zogi ram bermonazonTa cxovrebidan. . . . . . . . . . 78

97

WeliSis monastris winamZRvari iRumeni iosebi (baqraZe)

1860-1866 ww.

98

WeliSis monastris winamZRvari arqimandriti nikifore (kandelaki)

1892-1897 ww.

99

WeliSis monastris winamZRvari arqimandriti ambrosi (xelaia)

1902-1903 ww.

100

WeliSis monastris winamZRvari arqimandriti grigoli (CxaiZe)

1903-1906 ww.

101

WeliSis monastris winamZRvari iRumeni pavle (jafariZe)

1916-1917 ww.

102

niko

rwmind

is monastris

wmida ni

kolozis

ekl

esia

103

Wel

iSis

monaster

i

104

WeliSis monastris qvabebi

105

meWvreTis wmida giorgis eklesia

sxieris

monastris

`mirianeuli

uZr

avi~ w

mida gio

rgis

ekles

iis kankelis

frag

ment

ebi

107

leknaris

monaster

i

108

leknaris monasteri

Seubnis sinawmida

Seubnis monasteri

labeWinis monastris mTavarangelozis eklesia

Rviaris monastris jvarcmis eklesia

Rviaris monasteri

Rad

iSis

monastris

wmida gio

rgis

ekl

esia

mravalZalis monastris wmida giorgis eklesia 1990 wlis miwisZvramde

Tamar dedoflis saydari da qvabebi

Sodis

namonastral

i

bubis jvris eklesia

bubis namonastrali

soris monastris jvarcmis eklesia

glolis `beris saydari~

motyiaris `beris wyaro~

WeliSis monastris ukanaskneli winamZRvris lavrentis (metreveli) werili axloblebisadmi

1930-iani wlebi

motyiaris `beris wyaro~

121