garo tribe.docx
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Garo tribe
The Garosareindigenous peopleinMeghalaya,Indiaand neighboring areas ofBangladesh
like Mymensingh, Netrokona and Sylhet, who call themselves Achik Mande(literally "hill
people," from achik"hill" + mande"people") or simply Achikor Mande.[1]They are the
second-largest tribe in Meghalaya after theKhasiand comprise about a third of the local
population. The Garos are one of the few remaining matrilineal societies in the world.
According to one such oral tradition, the Garos first immigrated to Garo Hills fromTibet
(referred to as Tibotgre) around 400 BC under the leadership of Jappa Jalimpa, crossing
theBrahmaputra Riverand tentatively settling in the river valley. The Garos finally settled
down in Garo Hills (East-West Garo Hills), finding both providence and security in this
uncharted territory and claiming it their own. Various records of the tribe by invading
Mughalarmies and byBritishobservers in what is nowBangladeshwrote of the brutality
of the people.
Garos are mainlyChristians,[2]although there are some rural pockets where the traditional
animist religion and traditions are still followed.
Khasi tribe
The Khasiare an indigenous or tribal people, the majority of whom live in the State of
Meghalayain north eastIndia,with small populations in neighbouringAssam,and in parts
ofBangladesh.They call themselves Ki Hyniew trep, which means "the seven huts" in the
Khasi language.Their language Khasi is the northernmostAustroasiaticlanguage. This
language was essentially oral until the arrival of European missionaries.Particularlysignificant in this regard was aWelshmissionary,Thomas Jones,who transcribed the
Khasi language into Roman Script. The Khasi people form the majority of the population of
the eastern part of Meghalaya
Jaintia tribe
The name "Pnar" is anendonym,while "Jaintia" and "Synteng" areexonyms(used by the outsiders).
[1]
The word "Jaintia" is derived from the name of a former kingdom, theJaintia Kingdom,whose rulers
were Syntengs. One theory says that the word "Jaintia" is ultimately derived from the name of the
shrine of Jayanti Devi or Jainteswari, an incarnation of the Hindu goddessDurga.Another theory says
that the name is derived via Synteng from Sutnuga, a former settlement; the myth of Jayanti Devi was
probably created after the Hinduisation of the Jaintia kingdom
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Hinduism was not widespread among the Jaintias, although the royals and the nobles hadadopted Hinduism.[3]
The original tribal religion of the Jaintias is known as Niamtre.[4]The Jaintia tribals believe that
their religion is God-given (not founded by man) and comes to this world by God's decree.
Adi
Adi people performing their traditional war dance
The Adi, or BokarLhoba people[1]is one of majorTanitribeliving in theHimalayanhills of
Arunachal Pradesh.They are found in the temperate and sub-tropical regions within the districts
ofEast Siang,Upper Siang,West Siang,Lower Dibang ValleyandLohit.The older termAborisa deprecatedexonymfromAssamesemeaning "uncontrolled". Some of them are also found in
SouthernTibet.The literal meaning of Adiis "hill" or "mountain top".
The language spoken by this group is also calledAdi.It is spoken with minor variations among
all theAdi
sub-groups
apatani
Apatani
The Apatani, or Tanii, are a tribal group of people living in theZirovalley in theLower
Subansiridistrict ofArunachal Pradeshin India. However more Apatanislive outside this
valley, making the total population approximately 20,000 all over the state. Their languagebelongs to theSino-Tibetanfamily (seeTani languages
There are no known written records of the history of the Apatanitribes, but throughout theirhistory the Apatanihave had ademocraticsystem of running the society. The village council is
known as theBulyang
The dress of the Apatanis is elaborate and colorful, yet simple in style.Jila, the traditional dress
of the priests has recently been made into a five rupee Indian postal stamp.Tattooing(Tiipe) and
the stuffing of largenoseplugs(Yaping hullo) were once popular among the women, althoughthis practice has gradually fallen into decline in recent years
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Kuki
The Kukis, also known as the Chin[1]and sometimes as theZomi,and in the state ofMizoram
Mizoare a number of relatedTibeto-Burmantribal peoples spread throughout the northeastern
states of India, northwestern Burma, and theChittagong Hill Tractsof Bangladesh. InNortheast
India,they are present in all states exceptArunachal Pradesh.This dispersal across internationalborders is mainly attributed to the British colonial policy.[2]
The Kukis haveMongoloidfeatures and are generally short-stature with straight black hair anddark brown eyes. Some fifty tribes of Kuki peoples of India are recognised asscheduled tribes.[3]
This tribe recognition is based on the dialect spoken and region.
Bodo
The Bodos(pronounced BORO) are anethnicand linguistic community,most aboriginal tribe ofBrahmaputra valleyin thenortheastpart ofIndia.The Bodos are recognized as a plains tribe in
the Sixth Schedule of theIndian Constitution.UdalguriandKokrajharofAssamare consideredthe centre of the Bodo area. Historically the great Bodos were known as theMech.Even todaythe Bodos living in West Bengal, Nagaland and Nepal are called Mech. The Bodos use the term
Bodosa(which is pronounced as Borosa meaning son of Bodo) to describe themselves (not to be
confused with the Bodosa clan of theDimasa people). Even though Bodos are demographicallyseparated they follow the same culture, tradition, language and religion.
The Bodos represent one of the largest of the 18 ethnic sub-groups within the Kachari group (orBodo-Kachari), first classified in the 19th century.[1]The Bodo-Kacharis have settled in most
areas ofNorth-East India,and parts ofNepal.The Bodo-Kachari people constitute a diverse
range of the indigenous people of North-east India
Deori
Deorior Deuriis one of the major ethnic tribes inAssam,India. The Deori community has its
own culture and traditions which is a hidden treasure for the sociologists. The Deoris were
originally priests and worshipers and depended mostly on agriculture for their livelihood.
In North East India the Deoris are known as well civilized people . They have their own
language to converse amongst themselves. History says that the Deori language was the originallanguage in the Chutian kingdom before the reign of the Ahoms in Assam. They worship Kundi-
Mama (Shiv-Parvati) and hence fall underHinduismby default. The Deoris are God fearing
people. Since ancient days Deori people worshiped God by singing hymns and holy songs.
Rengma
Rengmais aNagatribe found inNagalandandAssamstates ofIndia.According to the 2001
census of India,the Rengma population in Nagaland was 50,966 i.e. 2.9% of the total Naga
population
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Like other Naga tribes, there are few written historical records of Rengmas.
According to the local traditions, the Rengmas and theLothas(or Lhotas) were once part of asingle tribe.[2]There are also oral records of a mighty struggle between the combined Rengma
villages, and the Lotha village of Phiro.[3]There are records of the Rengmas' conflict with the
Angami Nagas.[4]
Slaveryused to be a practice among the Rengmas, and the slaves were known by the names
menugetenyuand itsakesa. By the time the British arrived in the Naga region, the slavery was adeclining practice, and no Rengma appears to have been a slave during this time.[5]
Bhutias
The Bhutia(inSikkim:Denzongpa;Tibetan:,Wylie:'Bras-ljongs-pa;"inhabitants of Denzong;" inBhutan:Dukpa) are a community of people ofTibetanancestry,
who speakSikkimese,aTibetan dialectfairly mutually intelligible tostandard Tibetan.In 2001,
the Bhutia numbered around 70,300. Bhutia here refers to Sikkimese and Nepalese of Tibetanancestry; in contrast, theBhotiyaare a larger family of related Tibetan peoples in northeastern
Nepalof which the Bhutia are one member group.
The language spoken by the Bhutias in Sikkim isSikkimese,which is 85% intelligible with
either Tibetan orDzongkha,the language of Bhutan, althoughNepaliis more widely spoken.Most Bhutias practice theNyingmaschool, followed by theKagyuschool ofTibetan Buddhism.
The Bhutias are spread out overNepal,Bhutan,and in the northernWest Bengal,especially in
the towns ofKalimpongandDarjeeling
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angami_Nagahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhotiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhotiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhotiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagyuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagyuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagyuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimponghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimponghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimponghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darjeelinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalimponghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagyuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingmahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepali_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzongkhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhotiyahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Tibetanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_languageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimese_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_peoplehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wylie_transliterationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_alphabethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikkimhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slaveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angami_Nagahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rengma_Naga#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lothas