gender and the cif: strategic approaches in climate mitigation and adaptation
TRANSCRIPT
11/23/14
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Gender, Innova,on, Adop,on, Business: Adapta,on, Investment Decision-‐making,
and Agriculture
Joyce Cacho Principal, Adinura Advisory, LLC
cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
OUTLINE
A. Accountability B. Investment decision-‐making
C. Priori,zing rural areas D. Women in markets
E. Conclusion
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
Data -‐ Climate Shocks
67
25
12 12 1 0
29
ANY SHOCK DROUGHT FLOOD ERRATIC RAINFALL
FIRE LANDSLIDE HAILSTORM
Percent of households that experienced shock in the last 5 years Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
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Data -‐ Coping Strategies
18
34
100
51
1 4
29
6 3 8 3 4 10
50 50
28
18 15
45
25
11 9
[VALUE] 77
10 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Sold livestock Borrowed from relaXves
HH head migrated to other rural area
Sought off-‐farm employment
Ate less Ate different foods Sold crops
Who implemented coping strategies? (percent)
Male family member Female family member Husband and wife Household
Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
Data -‐ Percep,ons of Climate Change
7
8
9
10
10
12
13
17
18
26
42
50
62
63
LESS FREQUENT STORMS
MORE FREQUENT STORMS
LESS FREQUENT DROUGHT
RAINFALL INCREASING
LESS FREQUENT FLOODS
MORE FREQUENT FLOODING
MORE COLD DAYS
MORE FREQUENT DROUGHT
LONGER PERIODS OF DROUGHT
RAINS COME EARLIER
RAINS ARE MORE ERRATIC
MORE HOT DAYS
RAINS COME LATER
RAINFALL DECREASING
Perceived climate changes (percent)
Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
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5
24 25
19 22
6
38
20
14 14
NOT AT ALL INFORMED
NOT VERY INFORMED
AVERAGELY INFORMED
RELATIVELY WELL INFORMED
VERY WELL INFORMED
Household heads Spouses
Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
How well informed are you about CC? 6/25
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
Data – Access to Informa,on Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
40
59
85
86
71
76
62
14
28
44
73
81
62
72
57
8
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Forecast of extreme events (e.g. drought and flood)
Forecast for the start of the rains (seasonal forecasts)
InformaXon on climate change
InformaXon on crop producXon
InformaXon on livestock producXon
InformaXon on tree management and agroforestry
InformaXon on markeXng
InformaXon on processing and adding value
Spouses Household heads
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Data – Use of Informa,on Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
78
90
82
90
76
80
72
56
82
93
81
92
78
91
75
65
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Forecast of extreme events (e.g. drought and flood)
Forecast for the start of the rains (seasonal forecasts)
Informa,on on climate change
Informa,on on crop produc,on and management
Informa,on on livestock produc,on and management
Informa,on on tree management and agroforestry
Informa,on on marke,ng of crop/livestock
Informa,on on processing and adding value added
Spouses Household heads
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
Data – Reasons for Not Adap,ng (%)
53
20
20
2
2
1
1
68
3
10
3
2
0
2
Don’t know what to do
Not enough money
Not enough labor
Don’t see the need
Resources not available
Inputs not available
Think that the pracXce might not work
Spouses Household heads
Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
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Data – Adapta,on Strategies Adopted (%)
4
5
7
7
8
11
12
12
16
53
63
5
4
4
8
2
7
8
7
15
50
73
DECREASE AMOUNT OF LAND UNDER PRODUCTION
USE MORE WATER FOR IRRIGATION
SUPPLEMENT LIVESTOCK FEEDS
CHANGE PLANTING DATES
SEEK OFF FARM EMPLOYMENT
CHANGE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS
CHANGE CROP TYPE
INCREASE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS
CHANGE CROP VARIETY
IMPLEMENT SWC
PLANT TREES
Spouses Household heads
Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
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Planned Adapta,on Strategies (%)
4
4
4
6
6
8
9
9
10
15
17
17
17
28
35
36
1
5
7
7
4
5
12
12
12
15
21
15
13
15
50
39
BUILD A WATER HARVESTING SCHEME
CHANGE PLANTING DATES
CHANGE FROM LIVESTOCK TO CROP PRODUCTION
CHANGE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS
SUPPLEMENT LIVESTOCK FEEDS
CHANGE CROP TYPE
MIX CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION
INCREASE AMOUNT OF LAND UNDER PRODUCTION
PLANT INDIGENOUS CROPS
INCREASE THE NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK
CHANGE CROP VARIETY
USE MORE WATER FOR IRRIGATION
INCREASE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS
PLANT TREES
INCREASE PLANTING OF TREES
IMPLEMENT SWC
Spouses Household heads
Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
Desired Adapta,on Strategies (%)
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
12
12
16
22
26
6
11
2
9
2
19
0
9
11
19
17
36
11
CHANGE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS
CHANGE CROP TYPE
SUPPLEMENT LIVESTOCK FEEDS
CHANGE ANIMAL BREEDS
CHANGE CROP VARIETY
PLANT TREES
BUILD A WATER HARVESTING SCHEME
IMPLEMENT SWC
INCREASE PLANTING OF TREES
INCREASE FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS
INCREASE AMOUNT OF LAND UNDER PRODUCTION
INCREASE THE NUMBER OF LIVESTOCK
USE MORE WATER FOR IRRIGATION
Spouses Household heads
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Source: IFPRI-‐AEMFI 2013
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
OUTLINE
A. Accountability B. Investment decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing rural areas D. Women in markets
E. Conclusion
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Respec,ng what is inspected
• IntenXon in Climate Change responses • Monitoring & EvaluaXon
• Project planning • Engaging all stakeholders • Same for private and public sectors
• Improved opportunity for synergy from coordinaXon
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
OUTLINE
A. Accountability B. Investment decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing rural areas D. Women in markets
E. Conclusion
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Farmers, Industry, Financiers and Government
• Risk management strategies linked to market “fences”
• Seeking a return on investment (ROI) that covers current costs and build assets to conXnue growing the business
• The bener and more Xmely the informaXon…the sharper the decision-‐making
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
OUTLINE
A. Accountability B. Investment decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing rural areas D. Women in markets
E. Conclusion
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
Climate Change, Rural areas, Women
• Rural areas in emerging market, fronXer, and developing economies are dominated by smallholder farmers – mostly women, with youth supplemenXng labor needs at planXng and harvesXng Xmes
• Historically men in these regions – are the first to migrate to urban and peri-‐urban areas
– valued as income earners (typically generated from employment in service industry, extracXve industry, or large scale farming of cash crops)
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
Climate Change, Rural areas, Women
• Knowledge of women, smallholder farmers – Include farming pracXces and systems that have been handed down through generaXons that can be the cornerstone of Climate Change adaptaXon innovaXon
– Underscores reasoning to focus on strengthening rural economies because we are relying heavily on this group of ciXzens to be stewards of water systems, soil quality, vegetaXon for carbon sequestraXon
– Consistent supply source for increasing food demand -‐-‐ globally
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
OUTLINE
A. Accountability B. Investment decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing rural areas D. Women in markets
E. Conclusion
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
Inclusive markets and Climate Change
• Means making it less costly for informal market parXcipants to join formal markets
• Requires moving to building on groups + finance, such as Rural Savings and Credit CooperaXve OrganizaXons (RuSACCOs)
• Trade facilitaXon that acknowledges low volume, seasonal, high volume border trade
• Capacity building of leadership by women in finance, industry, parliament, judiciary, head of state
• Focus on applied sciences, entrepreneurship from innovaXon as anchors of quality educaXon
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
OUTLINE
A. Accountability B. Investment decision-‐making
C. PrioriXzing rural areas D. Women in markets
E. Conclusion
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cacho.joyce@adinura-‐advisory.com
Collabora,on, Coordina,on, Governance
1. Pressing levers simultaneously, in several markets – local knowledge, innovaXon, credit, weather and extension services informaXon, trade – targeXng women, is pivotal to transformaXve, adaptaXve responses to Climate Change.
2. Data collecXon – disaggregated by gender, supporXng invesXng that strengthens rural economies is a criXcal step in addressing gender in Climate Change invesXng.
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Collabora,on, Coordina,on, Governance
3. PrioriXzing Integrated ReporXng (combined financial and sustainability reporXng) is an essenXal building block in going beyond the quanXty of investment….to valuing how investments support dampening the impact of Climate Change by rewarding a longer-‐term focus and valuing communiXes.
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Thank you! አመሰግናለሁ
merci o ṣeun
ngiyabonga
asante
obrigado
شكرا
na gode ¡gracias!
na-‐ekele unu
mahadsanid
Natotela
Zikomo Jai-‐rruh-‐jef
oh-‐yeh-‐rah-‐don
may-‐dah-‐say
naa goodee
kea leboha
dankie tangi
eio Okuhepa
Murakoze
on jaaraama
Enkosi
N'itumezi
ndatenda
Siyabonga
kea leboga
oh-‐yeh-‐rah-‐don
Joyce Cacho | Principal, Adinura Advisory, LLC [email protected]
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