geokimia 3a atom unsur

8/18/2019 Geokimia 3a Atom Unsur

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Earth’s ChemistryEarth’s Chemistry



Matter Matter

Matter = the substances of which anMatter = the substances of which anobject is made.object is made.

Matter is anything that takes up space andMatter is anything that takes up space and

has mass.has mass.Matter has 2 distinguishing properties:Matter has 2 distinguishing properties: Physica !!! can be obser"ed without changingPhysica !!! can be obser"ed without changing

the substance. #E$. %ensity& boiing point& etc.'the substance. #E$. %ensity& boiing point& etc.' Chemica !!! how a substance interacts withChemica !!! how a substance interacts with

other substances to produce different kinds ofother substances to produce different kinds ofmatter. #E$. (ron interacts with o$ygen to formmatter. #E$. (ron interacts with o$ygen to formrust'rust'



)tomic *tructure )tomic *tructure

*maest partice or unit of an eement*maest partice or unit of an eement

)toms are made of smaer parts !!!! )toms are made of smaer parts !!!!protons& neutrons& and eectronsprotons& neutrons& and eectrons

Protons !!!!! positi"ey chargedProtons !!!!! positi"ey charged

+eutrons !!!! no charge #neutra'+eutrons !!!! no charge #neutra'

Eectrons !!!! negati"ey chargedEectrons !!!! negati"ey charged

Protons and +eutrons found in the nuceusProtons and +eutrons found in the nuceus!!!!!! NOT ELECTRONS --- found outside inNOT ELECTRONS --- found outside inelectron cloudselectron clouds



)tomic number = e,uas the number of )tomic number = e,uas the number of

protons in the atom.protons in the atom.

)n uncharged atom has the same amount )n uncharged atom has the same amountof protons - eectrons so there’s no charge.of protons - eectrons so there’s no charge.

(t’s said to be neutra(t’s said to be neutra

E$ampe !!! $ygen has an atomic numberE$ampe !!! $ygen has an atomic numberof / so it has / protons - / eectronsof / so it has / protons - / eectrons

)tomic mass number = protons 0 neutrons )tomic mass number = protons 0 neutrons

Protons - neutrons ha"e an atomic mass ofProtons - neutrons ha"e an atomic mass of11



(sotopes(sotopes

*ome atoms don’t ha"e the same number*ome atoms don’t ha"e the same number

of neutronsof neutrons

Each additiona neutron increases theEach additiona neutron increases themass number.mass number.

(sotopes = atoms of the same eement(sotopes = atoms of the same eement

that differ from each other by massthat differ from each other by mass

number.number.



Lambang atom unsur:Lambang atom unsur:

A

3 = ambang unsur A = nomor massa

3 = nomor atom

) = 4umah proton 5 jumah netron

Isotop: Atom ang ber nomor atom sama tapiIsotop: Atom ang ber nomor atom sama tapi

nomor massa berbedanomor massa berbeda

Isobar: !nsur ang nomor massa samaIsobar: !nsur ang nomor massa sama

Isoton: Atom ang "umla# netron sama tapiIsoton: Atom ang "umla# netron sama tapi

"umla# proton berbeda "umla# proton berbeda

4umah eektron = nomor atom



E$ampes of (sotopesE$ampes of (sotopes



EementsEements

) matter is made up of eements. ) matter is made up of eements.Eement = any substance that can’t breakEement = any substance that can’t breakdown any further #E$. o$ygen& iron&down any further #E$. o$ygen& iron&nitrogen& etc.'.nitrogen& etc.'.

Periodic tabe !!! made up of eements.Periodic tabe !!! made up of eements.

6ni"ersa symbo for eements !!! consists6ni"ersa symbo for eements !!! consistsof either one etter or two #+ote how it’sof either one etter or two #+ote how it’s

written'written'

"er 78 eements occur naturay9 others"er 78 eements occur naturay9 othersha"e been created.ha"e been created.



Eements in Earth’s CrustEements in Earth’s Crust



*oids& i,uids& - ;ases*oids& i,uids& - ;ases

*oids = partices that make this up are packed*oids = partices that make this up are packedtighty together in fi$ed positionstighty together in fi$ed positions

*oids ha"e definite shape - "oume*oids ha"e definite shape - "oume

i,uids = ha"e definite "oume but not shapei,uids = ha"e definite "oume but not shape

i,uids take the shape of the container i,uids take the shape of the container

Partices tighty packed& but mo"e freey inPartices tighty packed& but mo"e freey in

reation to each other reation to each other

;ases = +o definite shape or "oume;ases = +o definite shape or "oume

Partices farther apart - mo"e more freey -Partices farther apart - mo"e more freey -

faster faster



Combinations of )tomsCombinations of )toms

Compound !!! 2 or more eements bondedCompound !!! 2 or more eements bonded

together.together.

E$ampe of a compound!!! <ater E$ampe of a compound!!! <ater

<ater is made up of the eements<ater is made up of the eements

hydrogen and o$ygen.hydrogen and o$ygen.

Moecue !!! smaest unit of a compound.Moecue !!! smaest unit of a compound.



Chemica ondsChemica onds

Chemica bonds = forces that hod atomsChemica bonds = forces that hod atomstogether to make compoundstogether to make compounds

(onic bonds = eectrons are transferred(onic bonds = eectrons are transferred

from one atom to another from one atom to another

(on = an atom or group of atoms that carry(on = an atom or group of atoms that carryan eectrica charge # positi"e or negati"e'an eectrica charge # positi"e or negati"e'

Co"aent bond = share eectronsCo"aent bond = share eectronsChemica formuas = a representation of aChemica formuas = a representation of acompound #E$. >compound #E$. >22''



Mi$ture "s. *outionMi$ture "s. *oution

Mi$ture = a materia that contains 2 orMi$ture = a materia that contains 2 or

more substances that are not chemicaymore substances that are not chemicay

combinedcombined

*outions = a mi$ture in which one*outions = a mi$ture in which one

substance is uniformy dispersed insubstance is uniformy dispersed in

another substance.another substance.

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geokimia 3a atom unsur

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