rogor vicxovreT

erTad XX saukuneSi

saqarTveloSi

saswavlo masalebis krebuli momzadebulia proeqtis `tolerantobis mSenebloba saqarTveloSi istoriis swavlebis gziT~ farglebSi, holandiis sagareo saqmeTa saministros centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis socialuri transformaciis

programis (matra) dafinansebiT

evroklio/matras proeqti 2008/2011

rogor vicxovreT erTad XX saukuneSi saqarTveloSi29 samuSao furceli (gakveTili) istoriis interaqtiuli swavlebisaTvis

koordinatorebi

ioke van der leu-rurdi, evroklios _ istoriis pedagogTa evropuli asociaciis aRmasrulebeli direqtori, proeqtis mTavari menejeri

stiven stigersi, blandin smilanski, patrik barkeri, evroklios _ istoriis pedagogTa evropuli asociaciis samdivnos wevrebi, proeqtis menejerebi

nana cixisTavi, elene meZmariaSvili, profesorebi, istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociacia, proeqtis koordinatorebi

proeqtis adgilobrivi eqspertebi

Tea qarCava, erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris istoriis eqsperti

levan axvlediani, erovnuli saswavlo gegmebisa da Sefasebis centris gazeT `dialogis~ proeqtis menejeri

giorgi gaxelaZe, profesori, ilias universiteti

saerTaSoriso eqspertebi

rumiana kuSeva, mTavari eqsperti, profesori, informaciisa da praqtikos pedagogTa momzadebis departamentis direqtori, evroklio-s proeqtis `evropis dialogi, kulturis cisartyela momavlisaTvis~ koordinatori, bulgareTi

robert maieri, doqtori, ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromeli, georg ekertis saxelmZRvaneloebis kvlevis saerTaSoriso instituti, braunSvaigi, germania

eial navehi, profesori, israelis demokratiis institutis ufrosi mecnier-TanamSromeli, politikuri saganmanaTleblo proeqtis xelmZRvaneli, israeli

viken Ceteriani, doqtori, programa CIMERA-s direqtori, Sveicaria

elma hasimbegoviCi, humanitarul mecnierebaTa magistri, evroklio-s saresurso wignis `Cveulebrivi xalxi araCveulebriv qveyanaSi. yoveldRiuri cxovreba bosnia-hercogovinaSi, xorvatiasa da serbiaSi 1945-1990 wlebSi~ Tanaredaqtori, bosnia-hercogovina

margaret gestsdotiri, islandiis universiteti, reikiavikis armulis kolejis istoriis pedagogi, evroklios yofili prezidenti da sabWos wevri, islandia

din smarti, profesori, dasavleT inglisis universiteti, bristoli, evroklios yofili prezidenti, evroklios sabWos wevri, britaneTis istoriis maswavlebelTa saganmanaTleblo qselis (HTEN) mdivani da istoriis swavlis, swavlebisa da kvlevis saerTaSoriso Jurnalis saredaqcio kolegiis wevri, didi britaneTi

Zintra liepina, pedagogi, istoriis swavlebis meTodisti, evroklios sabWos yofili wevri, istoriis pedagogTa latviis asociaciis wevri, latvia

oliver raisneri, doqtori, adamianis uflebaTa programis menejeri, evrokomisiis delegacia saqarTveloSi, germania

ineke veldhuis-meesteri, damoukidebeli konsultanti istoriis swavlebis meTodologiaSi, istoriis pedagogTa holandiis asociacia, niderlandebi

fransuaz kompanie, doqtori, kulturis organizaciisa da menejmentis departamenti, sociologiis fakulteti, vriies universiteti, amsterdami, niderlandebi

tomas Serloki, profesori, vest pointis samxedro akademia, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi

iulia kuSneriova, pedagogi, istoriis swavlebis meTodisti, evroklio/matras proeqtis `kulturebis mozaika~ Tanaavtori, istoriis maswavlebelTa moskovis asociacia, ruseTi

irina kostiuki, pedagogi, istoriis swavlebis meTodisti, evroklio/matras proeqtis „axali droeba, axali istoria“ koordinatori, nova_doba, istoriis maswavlebelTa ukrainis asociacia, ukraina

saredaqcio kolegia

rumiana kuSeva (mTavari redaqtori), elisabed CubiniSvili, nina zulumiani, manana SeyilaZe, evelina mamedova, oliver raisneri (konsultanti)

avtorebi

jgufi: multieTnikuri saqarTvelo

nino Ciqovani (jgufis xelmZRvaneli), marlen Sengelia, zurab laoSvili (1), seda melkumiani (2; 3), nona WiRlaZe (4), elene bodaveli (5; 6), nana soloRaSvili (7), qeTevan qvliviZe (8), Sorena xecuriani (9)

jgufi:Oojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba

naira mamukelaSvili (jgufis xelmZRvaneli; 15; 16), nugzar molaSvili (10)

nargiz nabieva, elura alieva (11), madona miqelaZe (12), nana agasaSvili (13), lamara margoSvili (14)

jgufi:Omigracia

cira CikvaiZe (jgufis xelmZRvaneli; 18; 22; 23), ia xubaSvili (17; 23), lela kakaSvili, oTar janeliZe (19; 20), amiran jamagiZe (21)

jgufi:Oreligia

beso lorTqifaniZe (jgufis xelmZRvaneli; Tanaavtori 24-28), naTia fircxalava (Tanaavtori 24-26), qeTevan sturua (Tanaavtori 27, 28), naTia namiWeiSvili, nugzar bardaveliZe (29)

rukebi Seadgina manana SeyilaZem

didi madloba niderlandebis samefos mTavrobas, matras programas proeqtis

dafinansebisaTvis

gamomcemlobis redaqtori _ naTela Tuxareli

dizaini da kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa _ mavra bancuri

istoriis maswavlebelTa saqarTvelos asociacia (imsa)

krebuli ganTavsebulia imsa-s vebgverdze www.imsa.ge

ISBN 978-9941-0-3633-0

Zvirfaso megobaro,

am wignis daxmarebiT gaigeb, Tu rogor vicxovreT erTad XX saukuneSi Cvens

samSobloSi _ saqarTveloSi sxvadasxva erovnebisa da religiuri mrwamsis

adamianebma. es wigni dagafiqrebs kiTxvebze: ra gavlena iqonia wina saukunis

mniSvnelovanma istoriulma movlenebma Cvens Tanacxovrebaze? ratom miiCnevdnen

gansxvavebuli erovnebisa da rwmenis adamianebi Tavs Cveni qveynis sruluflebian

moqalaqeebad an ra uSlida maT xels amaSi? rogor moaxerxes mcirericxovanma

erebma da religiuri mimdinareobebis warmomadgenlebma TavianTi TviTmyofadobis

SenarCuneba? ram Seuwyo an SeuSala amas xeli? ra roli iTamaSes maT saqarTvelos

XX saukunis istoriaSi da a.S.

amisaTvis gaecnobi sxvadasxva saxis wyaroebs, romlebic dajgufebulia oTxi didi

Temis _ mravalerovani saqarTvelo, ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba, migracia

da religia _ mixedviT. es is Temebia, romelTa gacnoba Sen gverdiT mcxovreb

sxvadasxva erovnebisa da rwmenis adamians ufro axlobels gaxdis. darwmundebi,

rom erovnuli da religiuri mravalferovneba Cveni samSoblos simdidrea, rom

mxolod mSvidobiani Tanacxovreba, urTierTgageba, erTmaneTis kulturis, adaT-

Cvevebis, tradiciebisa da Rirebulebebis codna, urTierTpativiscema qveynis

warmatebuli ganviTarebis sawindaria.

yoveli gakveTili moicavs sakvanZo da ganmazogadebel kiTxvebs, sxvadasxva saxis

wyarosa da mravalferovan davalebebs. sakvanZo kiTxva dagexmareba aRmoaCino

gakveTilis mTavari idea, ganmazogadebeli ki _ am ideis irgvliv msjelobasa da

daskvnebis gamotanaSi. wyaroebi ise aris SerCeuli, rom erTsa da imave sakiTxze

zogjer gansxvavebul Sexedulebas gaecno. davalebebi sxvadasxva sakiTxisadmi

sakuTari damokidebulebis CamoyalibebaSi dagexmareba.

am wignis SeqmnaSi bevrma adamianma miiRo monawileoba. avtorebi sxvadasxva

erovnebisa da mrwamsis warmomadgenlebi arian, magram yvelas erTi mizani

amoZravebda. imedi gvaqvs, es wigni erTmaneTis, sxvadasxva erovnebis saqarTvelos

moqalaqeebis ukeT gacnobaSi dagexmareba da urTierTpativiscemas gaswavlis.

rogor vicxovreT erTad

XX saukuneSi saqarTveloSiY

29 samuSao furceli (gakveTili) istoriis interaqtiuli swavlebisaTvis

mravaleTnikuri saqarTvelo

1. „Tbilisuri ezo“ ................................................................................................................6

2. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis gamocda avbedobis Jams? .......10

3. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi .....................................................................................14

4. „kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi.............................................................16

5. cxinvali 1990–iani wlebis dasawyisamde –

erTianoba mravalferovnebaSi ........................................................................ 20

6. ra moxda TbilisSi 1956 wlis 9 marts? ................................................ 24

7. 1989 wlis 9 aprili ........................................................................................................ 26

8. Tbilisis melpomena

(XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri cxovreba) .......................... 30

9. edemis baRi „samxreTis cimbirSi“ .................................................................. 34

ojaxi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba

10. Sereuli qorwinebebi saqarTveloSi XX saukunis

meore naxevarSi ................................................................................................................. 38

11. erTi quCa marneulSi ...................................................................................................42

12. xalxTa `WianWvelebis bude“ CaqvSi .............................................................. 46

13. udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi ..................................................... 50

14. qistebi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi ............................................................. 54

15. espaneli bebiis istoria .......................................................................................... 58

16. eTnokonfliqtebi da bavSvebi ............................................................................ 62

migracia

17. `gayofili lukma~ ...........................................................................................................66

18. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi

(mesxeTidan deportirebulebi) .......................................................................... 70

19. rusTavi – „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqi ..................................................................... 78

20. `agorebuli qvebi~ (ekologiuri migrantebi saqarTveloSi) 84

21. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi da osebi

(XX saukunis 90-iani ww) ........................................................................................... 90

22. sami qalis dRiuri:

baltiispirelebis bedi saqarTveloSi ..................................................... 94

23. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris?~: 1990-iani wlebis emigracia ..... 102

religia

24. kanoni da realoba ....................................................................................................... 106

25. „uRmerTo“ saqarTvelo ............................................................................................ 108

26. faruli locva ..................................................................................................................112

27. TanamSromloba Tu Seuwynarebloba?! .......................................................116

28. saqarTvelo marTlmadideblebisTvis ...................................................... 120

29. kaTolikebi XX saukunis quTaisSi ............................................................. 124

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o6

1. `Tbilisuri ezo~

sakvanZo kiTxva: ras niSnavs `Tbilisuri ezo~?

wyaro 1. Tbilisis mosaxleobis erovnuli Semadgenloba

1930-ian wlebSi Tbilisis mosaxleobis umetesobas warmoadgendnen qarTvelebi, somxebi da rusebi. danarCeni eTnikuri jgufebidan Tavisi raodenobiT gamoir-Ceodnen osebi, qurTebi, berZnebi, ebraelebi, azerbaijanelebi da ukrainelebi.

,,Tbilisi~, ekonomikur-geografiuli gamokvleva, Tb., 1989, gv.128.

wyaro 2. XX saukunis dasawyisis Tbilisuri saxli, ezo da quCa

a)

b)

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

7wyaro 3. ̀ Semosavliani saxlebis~ * mdebareoba TbilisSi XX saukunis dasawyisSi

davaleba 1:

1. moZebne rukaze Tbilisis is ubnebi, sadac e.w. ,,Semosavliani saxlebi~ arse-

bobda.

2. ivaraude, ratom gaCnda aseTi saxlebi da ra istoriulma movlenebma Seuwyo

amas xeli?

* XIX saukunis meore naxevridan, Tbilisis swrafi zrdis gamo, gavrcelda ramdenimesarTuliani gasa-

qiravebel binebiani saxlebi, romlebsac Semosavlian saxlebs uwodebdnen.

12

1...

34

567

89

10

11

12

13

1415

16

1718

19

20

2122

23 24

26

27

28

29

თბილისის უბნები

„შემოსავლიანისახლების“მდებაჽეობა

30

32

33

34

31

25

Tbil

isis zRva

md. wavkisisxevi

md. vere

md. mtkvari

md. mtkvari

kus tba

lisis tba

1. კჽანისი2. ოჽთაჭალა3. ხაჽფუხი4. აბანოთუბანი5. კალა6. სოლოლაკი7. კალოუბანი8. გაჽეთუბანი9. მთამინდა10. ვეჽე11. ვაკე12. ბაგები13. საბუჽთალო14. დელისი

პირობითი აღნიშვნები

15. ვაშლიჯვაჽი16. დიღომი17. დიდი დიღომი18. ავჭალა19. გლდანი20. მუხიანი21. ავშნიანი22. ალექსანდეჽსდოჽფი23. დიდუბე24. ნაძალადევი25. ზღვისუბანი26. კუკია27. ჩუღუჽეთი28. ჽიყე

29. ისანი30. ვაჽკეთილი31. საჯეიჽნო32. ნავთლუღი33. ლოჭინი34. ფონიჭალა

„შემოსავლიანი სახლების“ მდებარეობა თბილისში

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o8

wyaro 4. ingliseli diplomati Tbilisis Sesaxeb

…. . . iq cxovroben ara marto qarTvelebi, aramed rusebi, somxebi, sparse-

lebi, TaTrebi, cota evropelebi, saxeldobr, germanelebi, frangebi da sxvani

. . .…Tbilisi iseTi qalaqia, sadac adamianma SeiZleba icxovros ise, rom sevda

ar stanjavdes . . .……

ser jon oliver uordropi (1864-1948), ingliseli diplomati.

davaleba 2:

ganmarte, wyaro 4-is mixedviT, ras SeiZleba niSnavdes uordropis gamonaTq-vami Tbilisis Sesaxeb?

wyaro 5. yoveldRiuri cxovreba Tbilisur ezoSi

a) davibade da gavizarde veraze, wilkanis q. #7-Si (axlandeli RambaSiZis

quCa). iq vcxovrobdi XX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan, 33 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

es iyo lamazi, orsarTuliani saxli, sadac Svidi ojaxi cxovrobda. Cveni

ezo gamoirCeoda mravalerovani mosaxleobiT. iq vcxovrobdiT qarTvelebi,

polonelebi, rusebi, somxebi da azerbaijanelebi. erTmaneTTan imdenad kargi

damokidebuleba gvqonda, rom davnaTesavdiT naTelmironobiT. Cveni ojaxebis

saxlis kari arc ki iketeboda, mxolod quCis kars ketavdnen. erTxel, maxsovs

skolidan davbrundi. Cemi ojaxis wevrebi Sin ar damxvdnen. Cvenma polonelma

mezoblebma SemipatiJes da gamimaspinZldnen kidec.

Tu romelime mezobels stumari Camouvidoda da Sin aravin daxvdeboda, au-

cileblad meore mezobeli SeipatiJebda xolme. diasaxlisebi erTad midiodnen

bazarSi da saRamoobiT Cais svamdnen. Tumca iyo xolme uTanxmoebac, magram

ZiriTadad yofiTi problemebis gamo.

interviu Tbilisis mcxovrebTan izolda robaqiZesTan, 77 wlis,

Caiwera S. xecurianma, 2009 wlis 26 seqtemberi.

b)

qurTebis qorwili

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

9g) 20 weli vicxovre e.w. ,,Semosavlian saxlSi~, romelsac Cven italiur sax-

ls veZaxdiT. aseT ezoSi davibade da Cemi bavSvobis megobrebic osebi, somxebi, ukrainelebi, qarTvelebi, berZnebi da azerbaijanelebi iyvnen. maxsovs Cveni pa-pebi aRdgomas erTmaneTs saaRdgomo kvercxebis WaxuniT ulocavdnen. qalebic megobrobdnen, Tumca sarecxis gamo konfliqtic mosdiodaT (isini erTmaneTs ejibrebodnen, vis ufro qaTqaTa sarecxi eqneboda). mamakacebi nardis TamaSiTa da qeifiT irTobdnen Tavs, bavSvebi ki erTmaneTis enaze vsaubrobdiT. yovel-dRiur cxovrebaSi SeviswavleT somxebma qarTuli, qarTvelebma somxuri, azer-baijanuli da ukrainuli enebi.

Tbilisis mcxovrebis 48 wlis rita saakianis interviu. Caiwera S.xecurianma, 2009 wlis 26 seqtemberi.

d) Cvens ezoSi ukve meramdene Taoba daibada XX saukunis dasawyisidan dRem-de. erTad cxovrobdnen Cveni papebi, mamebi, Cemi Taoba da axla Cveni Svilebic. magram unda iTqvas, rom 1990-iani wlebidan mezoblebma masobrivad daiwyes saqarTvelodan wasvla. ebraeli israelSi wavida, rusi mezobeli qaliSvileb-ma waiyvanes ruseTSi, zogierTi somexi germaniaSi wavida. maTi gadinebis Ziri-Tadi mizezebi ekonomikuri da socialuri viTareba iyo. am mezoblebis binebi SemdgomSi afxazeTidan devnilebma iyides.

Tbilisis mcxovrebis 53 wlis qeTevan gvinCiZis interviu. Caiwera S.xecurianma, 2009 wlis 26 seqtemberi.

davaleba 3:1. daasaxele mravaleTnikuri mosaxleobis Tanacxovrebis dadebiTi mxareebi.2. monaxe wyaroSi 5 a, g, d fraza, romelic uordropis azrs adasturebs.3. ivaraude, ra roli iTamaSa msgavsi atmosferos SeqmnaSi `Semosavlianma

saxlebma~?4. dawere vikipediisTvis mokle informacia `Tbilisur ezoebze~ da moamzade

is vebgverdze dasadebad.5. gaiTamaSeT scena Tbilisuri ezos cxovrebidan.

BB

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: raSi gamoixateba Tbilisuri ezoebis gan-sakuTrebuli koloriti?

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o10 2. CavabareT Tu ara tolerantobis

gamocda avbedobis Jams

sakvanZo kiTxva: SeiZleba Tu ara eTnokonfliqtebis fonze keTil-mezoblobis SenarCuneba?

wyaro 1. 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisis konfliqtis Sedegebi cxinvalis SemogarenSi

a. konfliqtis zona, b. sofeli ergneTi, 1993 wlis noemberi 1992 wlis aprili

davaleba 1:

daakvirdi wyaro 1-s. eTnokonfliqtis ra Sedegebi Cans fotosuraTebze da, Seni azriT, ra darCa kadrs miRma?

wyaro 2. oficialuri informacia ergneTis bazrobaze

1996 wels amoqmedda `ergneTis bazroba~, sadac gaCaRebuli iyo kontraban-

duli saqonliT vaWroba. igi swrafad iqca didi Semosavlis wyarod. savarau-

dod, am bazrobis gavliT, saqarTveloSi Semoedineboda da saqarTvelodan

cxinvalis regionis gavliT ruseTSi gadioda miliard dolaramde Rirebule-

bis kontrabanduli saqoneli. ergneTis bazrobis meSveobiT danarCen saqarTve-

loSi narkotikebi da iaraRi vrceldeboda.

gayinuli konfliqtebi, 1994-1999 wlebi. http://www.report.smr.gov.ge/chapter2.html

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

11wyaro 3. ergneTis bazrobis adgilmdebareoba

avtori: zurab laoSvili

wyaro 4. ergneTis bazro-bis satelituri suraTi (2001 w.)

wyaro 5. ergneTis bazrobaze

a b

davaleba 2:

1. gaaanalize wyaroebi 3, 4 da 5. riT axsni ergneTis bazrobis arsebobas? rogor axsni mis adgilmdebareobas? ratom SeiZleba miviCnioT ergneTis bazroba TavisTavad Seqmnil saxalxo bazrobad?

2. aRwere wyaro 5 a da b. erTi SexedviT, ra STabeWdilebas tovebs gareSe dam-kvirvebelze es fotoebi?

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o12

wyaro 6. ergneTis bazrobis movaWris mogonebebi

2003 wels, bedis sacdelad, benzinmzidiT ufulod CavediT ergneTis baz-robaze. iq sruliad SemTxveviT SevxvdiT cxinvalel osebs, romlebmac benzini SemogvTavazes, Tanxas ki realizaciis Semdeg gadavixdidiT. daTqmul vadaSi fuli CavutaneT da ase avawyeT biznesi. male naTel-mironebic gavxdiT.

interviu Tbilisel moqalaqe levan petriaSvilTan, 48 wlis, Cawera marlen Sengeliam, 2009 wlis 5 oqtomberi.

wyaro 7. xelisufleba cxinvalis regionSi viTarebis gamwvavebis Sesaxeb

2004 wlis agvistosTvis cxinvalis regionSi mdgomareoba ukiduresad gamw-vavda. samarTaldamcavebma daiwyes qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatareba kontraban-dis aRsakveTad.

vardebis revoluciis Semdgomi periodis angariSi, 2008 wlis ianvari,

http://diaspora.ge/files/faili/chapter4.html

wyaro 8. ergneTis bazrobis teritoria 2004 wels

davaleba 3:

1. gansazRvre, wyaroebis 2-7 mixedviT, rogor afasebdnen ergneTis bazrobas saxelmwifo organoebi da sazogadoeba?

2. Camoayalibe Seni sakuTari pozicia ergneTis bazrobis arsebobasTan dakav-SirebiT.

wyaro 9. xelisufleba ergneTis bazrobis daxurvis Sedegebis Sesaxeb

cxinvalis regionis konfliqtis zonaSi arsebuli ergneTis bazrobis daxur-

vam da kontrabanduli gzebis gadaketvam sabaJo Semosavlebi mkveTrad gazarda

da sabaJo gegmebis Sesrulebam [2004w.-red.] ianvar-agvistoSi 107% Seadgina.

cxin valis regionSi arsebuli kontrabanduli tvirTbrunvis gamo saqarT-

velos 120 milioni aSS dolaris zarali adgeboda yovelwliurad.

`sivil jorjia~, 2004 wlis 2 seqtemberi

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

13wyaro 10. damoukidebeli eqsperti ergneTis bazrobis mniSvnelobaze

roca cxinvalSi ergneTis bazroba iyo, osuri mosaxleoba qarTuli mxaris-ken iyo gadmoxrili _ lari trialebda, nebismieri qarTveli gadadioda cxin-valis regionSi da iqidan ruseTSic midioda. qarTul-osur soflebs Soris iyo vaWroba, mimosvla, Sereuli qorwinebebi. ndoba iyo aRdgenili, cxinvalSi ukve qarTuli laparaki ismoda. perspeqtiva arsebobda.

afxazeTis mimarTulebiTac saWiroa ergneTis bazrobis msgavsi ram, rom ra-RaciT davainteresoT. ra Tqma unda, ukanonoba, iaraRi da narkotikebi ar unda iyos, magram narkotikebis Semotanis gamo bazroba ar unda daiketos.

eqsperti konfliqtologi paata zaqareiSvili. gazeTi `rezonansi~, 2008 wlis 23 marti.

wyaro 11. adgilobrivi mcxovrebi ergneTis bazrobis Sesaxeb

mimaCnia, rom ergneTis bazrobis daxurva iyo danaSauli da ara Secdoma. ramdeni xalxi iyo dasaqmebuli? es aucilebeli iyo Cveni xalxis xelaxali urTierTobisa da damegobrebisaTvis. moSales im motiviT, rom korufcias veb-rZviTo. korufcias ise unda ebrZolo, rom xalxi umuSevari datovo?

interviu ergneTidan devnil Salva kasraZesTan, 82 wlis, Cawera zurab laoSvilma, 2008 wlis 25 agvisto.

wyaro 12. qarTveli Jurnalistebi ergneTis bazrobis daxurvis Sede-gebis Sesaxeb

TiTqos Znelia imsjelo axla am Temaze, magram ergneTis bazrobis feno-meni qarTul-osuri pirdapiri urTierTobebisaTvis, TumcaRa cudi formebiT, magram uaRresad momgebiani iyo. imis magivrad, rom am urTierTobebisaTvis legitimuri xasiaTi miecaT, ergneTis bazrobis daketvam qarTul-osuri urTi-erTobebis wyveta gamoiwvia.

ramaz abaiSvili, gazeTi `lanCxuTi~, 2009 wlis 24 ianvari.

davaleba 4

daiyaviT movaWreebisa da xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis jgufebad.

a) gaaanalizeT wyaroebi 9-12 da CamoayalibeT jgufSi SeTanxmebuli mosaz-reba ergneTis bazrobis arsebobis an daxurvis mizanSewonilobis Sesaxeb.

b) xelisuflebaSi rom iyo, ras moimoqmedebdi, saxelmwifos interesebidan gamomdinare?

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ramdenad SeiZleboda, rom ergneTis bazrobis msgavsi adgili yofiliyo konfliqtSi monawile mxareebis, erTdroulad, gamTiSveli da gamaerTianebeli?

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o14 3. duxoborebi saqarTveloSi

samcxe-javaxeTi, sofeli gorelovka

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor SeZles duxoborebma* TviTmyofadobis Senar Cuneba XX saukunis saqarTveloSi?

wyaro 1. saqarTveloSi duxoborebis dasaxlebis istoria.

XVIII saukunis miwuruls mefis ruseTSi religiuri seqtebi idevneboda. mi-iCnevdnen, rom seqtis mimdevrebi, jarSi samsaxursa da gadasaxadebze uaris TqmiT, aryeven saxelmwifos safuZvels, ris gamoc maT warudgines ultimatumi: an mieRoT marTlmadidebloba, an CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi gadasaxlebuliyvnen.

1839 -1845 wlebSi duxoborebi dasaxlebulebi iyvnen saqarTvelos or region-Si: samcxe-javaxeTsa da qvemo qarTlSi. aq maT garkveuli SeRavaTebi miiRes: gaTavisufldnen religiuri devnisagan, gadasaxadebisa da samxedro samsaxu-risagan. javaxeTSi sul 495 ojaxi, 4097 duxoboris SemadgenlobiT, dasaxlda.

XX saukunis dasawyisSi saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi duxoborebi misdevdnen cxenebis moSenebas, mecxvareobas, yvelis warmoebas. duxoborebis meurneobebi saferxe da CorTiT mosiarule cxenebis msxvili mimwodeblebi gaxdnen.

ala beJenceva. duxoboris qveyana, gamomcemeli _ saerTaSoriso kulturul- saganmanaTleblo kavSiri `rusuli klubi“, Tbilisi, 2007, gv. 100,

http://www.ecmicaucasus.org/upload/publications/working_paper_35_rus.pdf (rusul enaze).

davaleba 1:

1. wyaro 1-is mixedviT: a) daasaxele samcxe-javaxeTSi duxoborebis gadasaxlebis mizezebi. b) CamoTvale duxo borebisaTvis tradiciuli meurneobis dargebi. gaixsene

samcxe-javaxeTis geografiuli pirobebi da axseni, ratom misdevdnen isini, ZiriTadad, mesaqonleobas.

wyaro 2. duxoborebi koleqtivizaciis wlebSi

sabWoTa koleqtivizaciis procesSi, duxoborebisaTvis tradiciuli dis-ciplinis wyalobiT, maTi kolmeurneobebi male yvelis mwarmoebel yvelaze momgebian meurneobebad gadaiqca.

hedvig lomi, duxoborebi saqarTveloSi: miwis mflobelobis da eTnosTa Sorisi ur-TierTobebis sakiTxis kvleva ninowmindis raionSi. evropuli centri umciresobebis

sa kiTxebSi, samuSao moxseneba 35, noemberi, 2006, gv. 5 (rusul enaze).

davaleba 2:

daasaxele, XX saukunis romeli wlebi igulisxmeba wyaroSi 2?

* duxoborebi _ eTnikuri rusebi, romlebic cxovroben ruseTSi, kavkasiasa da kanadaSi. sityva „duxo bori“ niSnavs „sulisTvis mebrZols“. marTlmadidebluri seqta, romelic 1780-ian wlebSi war-moiSva. uars amboben religiur simbolikaSi eklesiaze, sasuliero pirebze. maTTvis RmerTi yvela ada-mianSia.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

15wyaro 3. duxoborebis skola sofel gorelovkaSi

gorelovkaSi arsebuli rusuli skola aSenebulia cnobili rusi mw-erlis lev nikolozis Ze tolstois SemowirulobiT.

ala beJenceva, gasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 100.

wyaro 4. duxoborebis religiuri tradiciebi

rodesac Cveni winaprebi gorelovkaSi dam-kvidrdnen, maT daaarses kalmikovebis saxli anu „obolTa TavSesafari“, sadac xanSiSesuli duxoborebi da oblebi cxovrodnen da sadac isini religiur ritualebs aRasrulebdnen.

1930 wlidan daiwyo religiis devna, magram morwmuneebi farulad ikribebodnen sakvirao locvaze. Cveni sulieri tradiciis safuZvelia fsalmunebi da Tavis daxra.

duxoborebis religiuri simboloebia: puri, ma rili da doqi wyliT, romlebsac fsalmunis kiTxvisas magidaze dgamen.

interviu liubov deminovasTan, 53 wlis, Caiwera seda melkumianma, 2010 wlis 5 marti.

davaleba 3:

1. gansazRvre, wyaroebis 1–4 mixedviT, ra iyo duxoborebis dasaxlebebSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani: meurneoba, ena, religia Tu kidev sxva?

2. gaixsene da CamoTvale, XX saukunis mniSvnelovani politikuri movlenebi. Seicvala Tu ara duxoborebis cxovreba maT fonze? daasa buTe Seni mosaz-reba.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o16

wyaro 5. duxoborebis gansaxleba saqarTveloSi XX saukunis bolos

davaleba 4:

1. monaxe rukaze duxoborebis gansaxlebis adgilebi. daasaxele, gorelovkis garda, kidev sad cxovroben isini?

wyaro 6. duxoborebis raodenoba saqarTveloSi

hedvig lomi, duxoborebi saqarTveloSi: miwis mflobelobis da eTnosTaSorisi urTierTobebis sakiTxebis kvleva ninowmindis raionSi, evropuli centri umcireso-bebis sakiTxebSi, samuSao moxseneba #35, noemberi, 2006 weli; ala beJenceva, qveyana duxoboria, gamomcemeli _ sarTaSoriso kulturul-saganmanaTleblo kavSiri „ru-

suli klubi“, Tbilisi, 2007 (rus.).

წალკა

დმანისი

ახალქალაქი

ნინოწმინდა(ბოგდანოვკა)

ბორჯომისრაიონი

სპასოვკა

�ამბოვკა

ჽოდიონოვკა

ვაკე

ოჽლოვკაგოჽელოვკა

ეფჽემოვკა

ფაჽავნის �ბა

ალკის ყალსა�.

მადათაფის �ბა

დუხობორების განსახლება საქართველოში პირობითი აღნიშვნები

სახელმ იფო საზღვაჽიჽაიონული საზღვაჽიჽაიონული �ენ�ჽიდუხობოჽების სოფელი (დასახლება)

ფჽჩხილებში მო�ემულია ძველი სახელ ოდებები

თუ რ ქ ე თ ი ს ო მ ხ ე თ ი

ას

პი

ნძ

ის

რა ი ო

ნ ი

თეთ

რი

წყ

არ

ოს

რა

იო

ნი

ბ ოლ

ნი

სი

ს რ

აი

ონ

ი

სამება(�ჽოი�კოე)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1841 1887 1928 1937

4097

13000

5485

3301

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

17wyaro 7. duxobori mosaxleobis statistika ninowmindis raionSi

1990-2010 ww

weli 1990 1995 2000 2002 2006 2010

gorelovka 1667 883 586 599 432 193

orlovka 387 195 132 125 101

spasovka 332 63 49 46 19

efremovka 227 29 19 18 18

sameba 327 13 10 10 8

ninowminda 150 133 58

rodionovka 300 7 5

sul 3531 1316 796 816 767 193

monacemebi mogvawodes adgilobrivi Temis wevrebma (avt.). saqarTvelos statistikis departaments ar gaaCnia calkeuli monacemebi erovnuli umcirobebebis Sesaxeb

soflebSi, garda 2002 wlisa.

davaleba 5:

Camoayalibe wyaroebis 6 da 7 mixedviT, kiTxvebi, romlebic giCndeba statis-tikur monacemebSi asaxul tendenciebTan dakavSirebiT.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra uwyobda xels mcirericxovani eTni-kuri da religiuri jgufebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas?

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o18 4. „kavkasiuri ezo“ sofel baraleTSi

sakvanZo kiTxva: ramdenad iyo sofeli baraleTi XX saukunis saqarTveloSi „kavkasiuri ezos“ magaliTi?

wyaro 1. saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa uflebebis Sesaxeb

muxli 38. saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi Tanaswori arian socialur, ekonomikur, kulturul da politikur cxovrebaSi, ganurCevlad maTi erovnuli, eTnikuri, religiuri Tu enobrivi kuTvnilebisa. saerTaSoriso samarTlis sayovelTaod aRiarebuli principebisa da normebis Sesabamisad. maT ufleba aqvT Tavisu-flad, yovelgvari diskriminaciisa da Carevis gareSe ganaviTaron TavianTi kultura, isargeblon dedaeniT pirad cxovrebaSi da sajarod”.

saqarTvelos konstitucia, 1995.

davaleba 1:

1. xazi gausvi konstituciis muxlSi im sityvebs, romlebic miuTiTebs sxva-dasxva eTnikuri jgufis Tanabar uflebebze saqarTveloSi.

wyaro 2. sofel baraleTis mcxovrebi Tavisi soflis Sesaxeb

_ mogviyeviT, rogori iyo soflis cxovreba Tqveni axalgazrdobis dros?_ baraleTi Zalian Zveli sofelia. es erT-erTi sofelia axalqalaqis

raionSi Sereuli mosaxleobiT: aq odiTgan, gverdigverd cxovroben somxebi da

qarTvelebi. sofeli Cveulebrivi cxovrebiT cxovrobda. soflis mcxovreble-

bi miwaTmoqmedebas misdevdnen. saxlebs, ZiriTadad, erTsarTulians – qvisgan

aSenebdnen. wyali mdinareSi imdenad sufTa iyo, rom mas dasalevad iyenebdnen.

mdinareze oTxi wisqvili iyo aSenebuli.

_ soflis mcxovreblebi gansxvavdebodnen sarwmunoebiT? _ diax, magram es xels ar uSlida erTad cxovrebas. dabali saxlebis

fonze amayad idga qarTuli da somxuri eklesiebi, rogorc mSvidobisa da

siyvarulis, sikeTisa da keTilSobilebis garantia. eklesiebze dRemde SemorCa

warwerebi qarTul da somxur enebze. mama barsegis da mama petres (xmalaZis)

saflavis qvebi eklesiebTan am dromde inaxeba.

_ albaT, sofeli gayofili iyo qarTul da somxur nawilebad? _ ara, qarTvelebi da somxebi gverdigverd cxovrobdnen da cxovroben. isini

aRniSnaven Sobas da aRdgomas, xolo aRdgomidan me-40 dRes amaRlebas.

_ bolo xans Tu Seicvala urTierTobebi sofelSi? _ qarTvelebsa da somxebs Soris? ara. veravin gaixsenebs erTaSoris kon-

fliqtebs da daZabulobas. Cveni sofeli ori xalxis tradiciebisa da religi-

is urTierTpativiscemis cocxali magaliTia.

interviu sofel baraleTis mcxovrebTan silva makarianTan, 55 wlis, Caiwera seda melkumianma, 2009 wlis 15 ivnisi.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

19davaleba 2:

1. amowere interviudan is faqtebi, romlebic, Seni azriT, sofel baraleTSi

qarTvelebisa da somxebis mSvidobian Tanacxovrebaze metyvelebs.

2. airCie erTi fraza, romelic maT mSvidobian Tanaarsebobas axasiaTebs.

3. ganixileT, Tqveni Sexedulebebis msgavseba da gansxvaveba.

wyaro 3. baraleTis Zeglebi

a) baraleTis somxuri eklesia, b) baraleTis qarTuli eklesia, g) baraleTis XIX s. samnaviani bazilika, XI s. qva-jvari

davaleba 3:

1. daakvirdi baraleTis somxuri da qarTuli eklesiebis fotosuraTebs. ra msgavsebas xedav maT Soris da riT SegiZlia amis axsna?

2. ipove interviuSi informacia wyaros 3 g dasasaTaureblad.3. moawyeT diskusia: ra TamaSobs mTavar rols sxvadasxva eTnikuri da religiu-

ri jgufebis mSvidobian TanacxovrebaSi – sakanonmdeblo garantiebi Tu xangrZlivi erToblivi cxovrebisas SeZenili gamocdileba?

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ras niS navs „kavkasiuri ezo“ da ratom mi-iCneven mas sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis ur TierT pativiscemis simbolod?

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o20 5. cxinvali 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde

_ erTianoba mravalferovnebaSi

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen sxvadasxva erovnebis adamia-nebi cxinvalSi 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde?

wyaro 1. cxinvalSi ebraelebis dasaxlebis Sesaxeb

istorikosi zaqaria WiWinaZe (1853-1931) miuTiTebs, rom ,,cxinvalSi ebraelebi im droidan dasaxldnen, roca qarTlSi movidnen. ebraelebi Zveladgan cxinvals ufro vaWrobis mxriT mohkidebian. cxinvalSi qarTvel ebraelTa ricxvi didi iyo.

mixeil cotniaSvili, cxinvalis istoriisaTvis, gamomcemloba ,,staliniri~ *, 1961, gv. 92.

wyaro 2. qarTul-osuri skolis istoria

me-19 saukunis 80-ian wlebSi cxinvalis inteligenciam daiwyo Tanxis Seg-roveba skolis Senobis SesaZenad. saqvelmoqmedo saqmianobas saTaveSi Caudgnen efemia maCabeli da qeTevan Juruli. es Senoba ebraelebis ubanSi, sakolmeurneo bazarTan SeiZines. masSi orklasiani saswavlebeli gaixsna. swavlis survili asma moswavlem gamoTqva. klasebis naklebobis gamo 82 bavSvi miiRes. swavla 1881 wels daiwyo. es Senoba SemdgomSi gaWirvebulTa sacxovrebel binebad gaunawilebiaT. pirveli msoflio omis damTavrebis Semdeg Senoba kvlav sko-las daeTmo. erTxans qalTa qarTuli saSualo skola iyo, mere me-4 saSualo skola, romelic 1990 wlamde funqcionirebda.

mixeil cotniaSvili, cxinvalis istoria, gamomcemloba ,,irisToni~, 1986, gv. 157.

wyaro 3. cxinvalis qarTul-osuri skolis Senoba

* staliniri _ dRevandeli cxinvalis saxelwodeba 1934-1961 wlebSi.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

21wyaro 4. qarTul-osuri skolis pedagogebi

wyaro 5. kulturuli cxovrebis Sesaxeb samxreT oseTis avtonomiur

olqSi 1980-iani wlebis bolos

a) olqSi aris sul 109 klubi, osuri da qarTuli dramatuli Teatrebi,

samecniero-kvleveTi instituti, samxreT oseTis pedagogiuri instituti, bib-

lioTeka, muzeumi, samxatvro saswavlebeli, samxatvro skola, samusiko sas-

wavlebeli, profteqnikumi da teqnikuri saswavleblebi, samxatvro galerea,

saxelmwifo muzeumi (mxareTmcodneobis).

„qarTveli da osi xalxebis urTierTobis istoriidan“, sazogaoeba „codna“,

Tbilisi, 1991, gv. 130.

b) gamodioda qarTuli gazeTi ,,sabWoTa oseTi~, romelsac 52 TanamSromeli

emsaxureboda. aq megobrulad muSaobdnen qarTvelebi, osebi, somxebi, ebraele-

bi. iyvnen iseTebic, romlebsac meuRleebi qarTvelebi an osebi hyavdaT. gamo-

dioda gazeTebi ,,soveton irisoni“, ,,sovetskaia osetia“, yovelTviuri Jurnali

,,fidiuagi”.

iqve, gv. 131.

davaleba 1:

warmoidgine, rom xar kvleviTi jgufis wevri, proeqtis farglebSi. Seni

mizania ipovo pasuxi kiTxvaze: ra akavSirebda erTmaneTTan adamianebs, cxin-

valSi mSvidobiani cxovrebisas?ukve moZiebuli gaqvs wyaroebi 1-5.

a) daazuste, ra informacia moipoveba wyaroebSi 1-5 qalaq cxinvalis mosax-

leobis erovnul mravalferovnebaze?

b) imsjele, ramdenad sandoa es informacia?

g) monaxe informacia, rom ebraelebi calke cxovrobdnen da ivaraude, iyo Tu

ara es damaxasiaTebeli sxva erovnebebis warmomadgenlebisaTvis?

d) gamoTqvi mosazreba kulturuli cxovrebis rolze qalaqisa da regionis

mosaxleobis mSvidobian TanaarsebobaSi.

sxvadasxva eTnikuri jgufis

pedagogebi, dajildovebuli

ordenebiTa da medlebiT. bevrs

miniWebuli hqonda saqarTvelos

damsaxurebuli maswavleblis

wodeba.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o22

wyaro 6. cxinvalis mcxovreblebis mogonebebi sxvadasxva erovnebis mezoblebTan urTierTobis Sesaxeb

a) XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi cxinvalidan israelSi TiTqmis yvela ebraeli

wavida. maTi sasaflaos mimxedavi aravin darCa. me da Cemi mezobeli nina bu-

zalaZe yovel kviras mivdiodiT iq da Cveni mezobeli ebraelebis saflavebs

vuvlidiT. axla ki mTlianad aris ganadgurebuli rogorc qarTvelebis, aseve

ebraelebisa da osebis saflavebi. omi yvelafers anadgurebs...

eTer daTaSvili, 75 wlis, cxinvalidan devnili.

b) adre, sanam cxinvalSi vcxovrobdiT, Cems 11 wlis biWunas saswrafo opera-

cia dasWirda. aucilebeli iyo misi gadayvana TbilisSi, ris saSualebac imJamad

ar gvqonda. Cveni gaWirvebis Sesaxeb Seityo osma mezobelma zaur filievma,

romelmac dauyovnebliv SemomTavaza daxmareba fuliT da Tavisi manqaniT Tbi-

lisSi, respublikur saavadmyofoSi migviyvana. Cemi Svilis gadarCenas swored

mas vumadli.

revaz kaxniaSvili, 62 wlis, sofel kexvis mcxovrebi, amJamad devnili.

g) cxinvali lamazi da patara qalaqi iyo, TiTqmis yvela erTmaneTs scnob-

da. Cven Soris ar iyo eTnikuri dapirispireba. maxsendeba Cemi mezobeli zema

bogaeva, romelmac saxlis pirobebSi ludis gamoxda maswavla.

eTer cotniaSvili, 66 wlis, cxinvalidan devnili.

d) maxsendeba, patara viyavi da Cemi ojaxi geris wminda giorgis saxelo-

bis salocavSi wavida. dedam xabizginebi daacxo. waviyvaneT cxvari, sanTle-

bi waviReT da wavediT. mezoblebTan erTad gavSaleT sufra. Cven Soris

qarTvelebic iyvnen, Tumca, maSin erovnebas aravin aqcevda yuradRebas. sxva-

dasxva erovnebis bavSvebi erT skolaSi (qarTul da osur seqtorebze) vswav-

lobdiT da megobaric bevri gvyavda: ebraelebi, qarTvelebi, somxebi. axla ki

guli mtkiva. politikuri daZabulobis gamo, bevrma miatova sacxovrebeli,

Tumca, Cems amxanagebTan kavSiri dResac ar gamiwyvetia. zogic internetis

saSualebiT movnaxe.

anJela xugaevi, 54 wlis, cxinvalidan devnili.

interviuebi Caiwera nona WiRlaZem 2009 wlis ivnisSi.

davaleba 2:

proeqtze muSaobis meore etapze Seni jgufis wevrebma ramdenime interviu aiRes (wyaro 6).1. SeiswavleT isini da daaxarisxeT axali informacia Semdegi kiTxvebis

mixedviT: y vin mogcaT interviu, maTi asaki? y am mogonebebis mixedviT, ra yofila maTTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovani? y ra faqtebi mowmobs maT yoveldRiur mSvidobian cxovrebas? y teqstebidan SearCieT am interviuebis saerTo saTauri.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

232. wyaroebis 1-6 safuZvelze jgufebSi ganixileT, ra faqtorebi uwyobda xels

cxinvalis mosaxleobis mSvidobian Tanaarsebobas?3. warmoadgineT Tqveni muSaobis Sedegebi prezentaciis, sagazeTo statiis,

ad gilobrivi telearxis JurnalistTan intervius an radiogadacemaSi ga-mosvlis saxiT (airCieT erT-erTi).

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aerTianebda cxinvalis mcxovreb-lebs 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisamde?

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o24 6. ra moxda TbilisSi

1956 wlis 9 marts?

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom miiRes monawileoba 1956 wlis 9 martis movlenebSi sxvadasxva erovnebis warmomadgenlebma?

wyaro 1. saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvanelo 1956 wlis 9 martis movlenebis mizezis Sesaxeb

... 1956 wlis TebervalSi komunisturi partiis XX yrilobaze ioseb stali-nis pirovnebis kultis Sesaxeb moxsenebiT gamovida nikita xruSCovi... sta-linis kritikis dros xazi esmeboda mis qarTvelobas... TiTqos stalinis mier ganxorcielebul represiebSi mniSvnelovan rols qarTuli fenomeni asruleb-da. aseTi uecari da aseTi mkveTri Semobruneba axalgazrdebisaTvis gaugebari gaxda. stalinis kritikas qarTveli axalgazrdoba sakuTari erovnuli Tav-moyvareobis Seuracxyofad aRiqvamda. 1956 wlis 3 martidan Tbilisis umaRles saswavleblebSi imarTeboda calkeuli manifestaciebi... 5 marts ki studentebi quCaSi gamovidnen. maT dedaqalaqis mosaxleobis didma nawilma auba mxari. saprotesto moZraoba moedo mTel saqarTvelos...

TbilisSi gamarTul mravalaTasian mitingze moiTxovdnen stalinis kri-tikisa da qarTveli eris Seuracxyofis Sewyvetas...

saqarTvelos istoria, XX saukune. saxelmZRvanelo istoriis fakultetis

studentebisaTvis, Tb., 2003, gv. 181-182.

wyaro 2. oficialuri gancxadeba 9 marts daniSnuli mitingebis Sesaxeb

dRes, 9 marts, respublikis sawarmoebSi, dawesebulebebsa da saswavlebleb-Si dRis 1 saaTze gaimarTeba i. b. stalinis gardacvalebis mesame wlisTavisad-mi miZRvnili mitingebi.

gancxadeba gazeTSi `komunisti~, 1956 weli, 9 marti, #58.

wyaro 3. 9 martis movlenebis monawileTa mogonebebi

a) gaixseneT Tundac xalxiT gaWedili leninis [dR. Tavisuflebis _ red.] moedani, roca tribunidan mowodeba gaisma – partiulebo, SevficoT stalins erTgulebao, rogor gawiT lda moedani partbileTebis SuqiT. gaixseneT, sx-vadasxva eris warmomadgenelTa erTad yofna da erTsulovneba Tbilisis im mSfoTvare dReebSi.

Tengiz buaCiZe. 1956 wlis 9 martis tragediidan, krebulSi:

`9 marti, 1956 kadrSi da kadrgareT~, Tb., 2001, gv. 91.

b) ...garda imisa, rom xalxiT datvirTuli sabargo manqanebi zedized mi-dian da modian, yvela manqana gabmulad ukravs sayvirs... mTeli qalaqi gareT aris gamosuli. amas emateba saqarTvelos TiTqmis yvela raionidan asobiT da aTasobiT Camosuli adamiani... xSirad vxvdebi gund-gundad mdgar sxva erovne-bis warmomadgenlebs. isini erTad Sehyara saerTo interesma, an zogad kavka-siuri damcirebis grZnobam.

a. wereTeli, 9 martis monawilis dRiurebidan. Tb, 1994, gv. 20.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

25g) Svidi wlis viyavi, roca 1956 wlis 9 martis ambebi moxda. vcxovrobdi Zer-

Jinskis quCis #22-Si, italiur ezoSi, sadac cxovrobdnen qarTvelebi, somxebi, ebraelebi, qurTebi... Cveni ezo mTavrobis saxlis mopirdapire mxares iyo. roca tankebi rusTavelze gadiodnen, Cven es yvelaferi gvesmoda da quCaSi yvela mezobeli gamovediT. jariskacebma ar CagviSves rusTavelis gamzirze. rusTave-lidan ismoda srolis da yvirilis xma. demonstrantebi centraluri tel-egrafisaken midiodnen. sami biWi Cveni ezodan ukan ar dabrunebula. mSoblebma sad ar mimarTes, magram pasuxs ver iRebdnen. maT saerTod ver gaiges, sad dakrZales isini. am samidan erTi iyo somexi _ sergo, qarTveli – zurabi da erTic ebraeli, romlis saxeli aRar maxsovs.

interviu julieta atoianTan, 61 wlis,

Caiwera elene bodavelma, 2010 wlis 24 ianvari.

davaleba 1:

1. daaxasiaTe, ra tipis aris wyaroebi 1-3?2. wyaroebidan 1-3 gamoyavi yvela movlena, romelic 1956 wlis 9 martTan aris

dakavSirebuli.3. Seni azriT, raze metyvelebs is faqti, rom samgloviaro mitingis Sesaxeb

gancxadeba oficialur presaSi gamoqveynda?4. CamoTvale, saqarTveloSi tradiciulad mcxovrebi romeli eTnikuri jgufe-

bi igulisxmeba dokumentSi naxsenebi studentebisa da dedaqalaqis mosax-leobaSi?

wyaro 4. saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvanelodan

...1956 wlis martSi... Tbilisis demonstraciebi da mitingebi sabWoTa kavSiris politikurma xelmZRvanelobam oficialuri kursis dagmobad miiCnia. mosko-vSi SeSindnen, rom moZraoba ufro farTo xasiaTs miiRebda. nikita xruSCovma saqarTvelos dasja gadawyvita. 1956 wlis 9 marts TbilisSi armiam samxedro teqnikis gamoyenebiT umowyalod daxvrita mSvidobiani demonstracia.

vaCnaZe, m., guruli, v., saqarTvelos istoria IX klasi, Tb., 2004, gv. 132.

wyaro 5. 1956 wlis 10 martis sagazeTo statiebis ZiriTadi saTaurebi:

`sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis centralur komitetsa da ssr kav-Siris ministrTa sabWoSi~; `partiis XX yrilobis gadawyvetileba moqmedebis sabrZolo programaSi~; `aRvkveToT formalizmi socialistur SejibrebaSi~ (gazeTi `komunisti~ # 59). `i.b. stalinis gardacvalebis mesame wlisTavi~; `marSali ju de gaemgzavra Tbilisidan~; `saqarTvelos mSromelebi pativs scemen i.b. stalinis xsovnas~; `fotoaparati Cvens qveyanaSi~; `didi horizon-tebi“ (gazeTi `axalgazrda komunisti~, #30.).

davaleba 2:

1. gaaanalize informacia da gamoitane daskvna im dros presis rolze.2. axseni, rogor SeeZloT gaegoT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi mcxovreb

adamianebs, rac TbilisSi moxda? daasabuTe Seni mosazreba.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o26

wyaro 6. monacemebi daRupulTa Sesaxeb

1956 wlis 9 marts daRupulTa siidan Tengiz SaniZe (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 16 wlis, rkinigzis #1 saSualo skolis

me-9 klasis moswavle, komkavSiris komitetis mdivani, moskovis ucxo enaTa (franguli

ena) kursebis msmeneli (dauswrebeli).

guliko svani (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 19 wlis, studenti.levan xangulovi (erovnebiT somexi) _ 16 wlis, me-8 klasis moswavle.

kiazo WanturiZe (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 16 wlis, me-9 klasis moswavle.

iuza wereTeli (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 18 wlis, guram tunievi (erovnebiT osi) _ 20 wlis, me-11 klasis moswavle. iyo kargi

sportsmeni.

kote bajiaSvili (erovnebiT qarTveli) _ 26 wlisboris zargariani (erovnebiT somexi) _ 20 wlis, muSaobda 31-e saaviacio qarxa-

naSi zeinklad.

(unda aRiniSnos, rom pirvelad wyaroSi ar aris miTiTebuli daRupulTa erovneba _ avt.).

vefxvaZe g., 9 marti, 1956 kadrSi da kadrgareT. Tb., 2001, gv. 77-81.

wyaro 7. 9 martis mitingi da demonstracia

a)

b)

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

27davaleba 3:

1. Camoayalibe informacia, romelic wyaroebidan 6 da 7 miiRe.2. ivaraude axalgazrdebis am movlenebSi monawileobis motivi.3. axseni, ratom iyo miuRebeli stalinis Seuracxyofa 1950-iani wlebis

saqarTvelos axalgazrdobis nawilisTvis?

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: raze metyvelebs eTnikuri umci resobebis monawileoba sabWoTa saqarTveloSi mimdinare procesebSi?

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o28 7. 1989 wlis 9 aprili

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor vibrZodiT erTad saqarTvelos damoukideb-

lobisaTvis?

wyaro 1. oficialuri informacia mitingebis Sesaxeb

. . . afxazeTis ambebiT gamowveuli bunebrivi SeSfoTeba ukiduresi mimarTuleb-is gaerTianebebma gamoiyenes saerTo viTarebis gasamwvaveblad TbilisSi, sadac ramdenime dRea, antisabWouri xasiaTis usanqcio mitingebi da demonstraciebi ewyoba... respublikis mTavrobis saxlis win mdebare moedanze yoveldRiurad Tavs iyris aTasobiT adamiani... avrceleben yovelgvar dezinformacias, mitingis monawileebs mouwodeben kanonsawinaaRmdego moqmedebisaken, uwesrigobisaken...

gazeTi `komunisti~, # 83, 1989 w. 9 aprili.

wyaro 2. saqarTvelos istoriis saxelmZRvanelo 9 aprilis movlenebis Sesaxeb

... sabWoTa kavSiris xelmZRvaneloba SeaSfoTa saqarTveloSi erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobam, romelmac sul ufro gamokveTili antisabWoTa xasia-Ti miiRo. TbilisSi mimdinare movlenebs SeiZleboda gavlena moexdina sxva respublikebze... moskovSi miiRes gadawyvetileba TbilisSi mitingebis ZaliT aRkveTis Sesaxeb. 1989 wlis 9 aprils gamTeniisas TbilisSi, mTavrobis saxlis win, specdaniSnulebis razmma momwamlavi gazisa da mesangreTa niCbebis gamoyen-ebiT daarbia mSvidobiani momitingeebi.

vaCnaZe, m., guruli, v., saqarTvelos istoria, IX klasi, Tb., 2004, gv. 133.

wyaro 3. 9 aprilis tragediis istoriidan

9 aprilis tragediam didi gamoxmaureba gamoiwvia farTo sazogadoebaSi. Cveni mSromelebisa da inteligenciis warmomadgenlebi iTxoven sinaTle moe-finos sinamdviles, SeviswavloT da gamovamzeuroT is mizezebi, ramac dRes ubedurebamde migviyvana.

saqarTvelos mTavrobam ...aRniSna, rom gasul dRe-RameSi daisaxa TbilisSi, respublikis sxva qalaqebsa da raionebSi situaciis stabilizaciis tendencia... unda gavaaqtiuroT brZola eqstremistulad ganwyobil pirebTan, mopiketeebTan, moxuligno elementebTan...

gazeTi `komunisti~, #85, 1989 w. 12 aprili.

davaleba 1:Seadare erTmaneTs gazeTisa da saxelmZRvanelos informacia 9 aprilis

Sesaxeb. gaakeTe amis Semdeg daskvna.

wyaro 4. mimarTva qarTveli xalxisadmi

qarTvel xalxTan varT!am tragikul da glovis dReebSi Cven, araqarTuli erovnebis warmomadgenle-

bi, mtkiced vacxadebT: cruoben isini, vinc ambobs, TiTqos saqarTveloSi aRmo-cenebuliyos antirusuli ganwyobileba... viRac-viRacebi avrceleben cilismwame-blur xmebs saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, Cven unda viyoT erTad... viRacebs marTlac

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

29surT grZeldebodes krizisuli mdgomareoba, SuRli Camoagdon erovnebaTa So-ris, magram xalxis umravlesoba amas aRSfoTebiT gmobs. saqarTvelo mTeli Tavisi mravalsaukunovani istoriiT gviCvenebs WeSmarit stumarTmoyvareobas. msoflios verc erTi xalxi ver daikvexnis, imden erovnebas Seefarebinos Tavi erT muWa miwaze, ramdenic qarTvelma xalxma Seifara... zogierTi Cvengani, Sereu-li qorwinebis Svilebi, aq gavCndiT, zogni axla Camovidnen, magram Cven siamayiT vacxadebT, rom varT saqarTvelos suverenuli respublikis moqalaqeni... Cven mivmaTavT yvela moqalaqes, yvela erovnebis Svils mowodebiT: SevmWidrovdeT, raTa SevumsubuqoT qarTvel xalxs Tavs datexili ubedureba...

xels aweren: v. domuxovski – saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis metalurgiis

institutis mecnier TanamSromeli; i. roitmani, i. kovaliovi,

J. gureviCi _ fizikis institutis ufrosi mecnier TanamSromlebi; o. iudini – amave

institutis wamyvani TanamSromeli; g. kroiveci – saqarTvelos politeq nikuri insti-

tutis maswavlebeli `9 aprili~, Tb., 1990, gv. 130.

davaleba 2:1. daadgine wyaros tipi. romeli socialuri fenis warmomadgenlebi arian

dokumentis avtorebi?2. ra aris mimarTvis ZiriTadi gzavnili? ra aris misi Tavisebureba?

wyaro 5. 1989 wlis 9 aprili

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: rogor SeiZleba gaxdes damoukideblobi-saTvis brZola sxvadasxva erovnebis gamaerTianebeli?

a) darbevis win b) darbevis Semdeg

g) xsovnis dRe

davaleba 3:aRadgine, wyaros 5 a, b, g mixed-viT, 9 aprilis istoriuli mov-lenebi.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o30 8. Tbilisis melpomena*

(XX saukunis Tbilisis Teatraluri cxovreba)

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor gamoxatavda Teatraluri cxovreba XX saukunis Tbilisis mravalerovan iersaxes?

wyaro 1. cota ram Tbilisis Teatrebis istoriidan

y 1845 wlis 20 seqtembers kavkasiis mefisnacvalma mixeil voroncovma Tbi-lisSi gaxsna rusuli Teatri, romelsac 1934 wels aleqsandre griboe-dovis saxeli mieniWa.

y XX saukuneSi am TeatrSi moRvaweobdnen giorgi tovstonogovi, kote mar-janiSvili, aleqsandre wuwunava, dimitri aleqsiZe, mixeil TumaniSvili, giga lorTqifaniZe, robert sturua, gizo Jordania da sxva cnobili re-Jisorebi. Teatris literaturuli xelmZRvaneli iyo grigol robaqiZe, speqtaklebisTvis musikas werda zaqaria faliaSvili, dekoraciebs qmnid-nen elene axvlediani da lado gudiaSvili...

y 1850 wlis 2 ianvars TbilisSi, gimnaziis patara darbazSi dadgmul gior-gi erisTavis piesaSi ,,gayra~ qarTvel msaxiobebTan erTad TamaSobda somexi msaxiobi g. SanSiani. speqtakls mravlad hyavda rogorc qarTveli, aseve, somexi mayurebeli.

y 1858 wels TbilisSi somxuri Teatri daarsda. es faqti gevorq CmSki-anis saxels ukavSirdeba. XX saukunis dasawyisSi TbilisSi moRvaweobda Tbiliseli, warmoSobiT somexi, mwerali gabriel sundukiani, romel-ic werda: ,,me vSromobdi ori Cemi samSoblos, Tanabrad Zvirfasi eris qarTvelTa da somexTa scenisaTvis~.

y 1872 wels meidanze, metexis cixis pirdapir, barenbekovis qarvaslis sardafSi, azerbaijaneli inteligenciis erTi jgufis iniciativiTa da monawileobiT, pirvelad daidga komedia ,,arabeTis xanis veziri~’, mir-za faTali axundovis piesis ,,lenkoranis xanis veziris Tavgadasavlis~ mixedviT.

vasil kiknaZe, qarTuli dramatuli Teatris istoria, Tb., 2001, gv.59; suren avCiani, qarTul somxuri Teatraluri urTierTobebi, Tb., 1960, gv.75.

m. babunaSvili, oqtombris revolucia da qarTuli xelovneba, Jurnali „sabWoTa xelovneba“, 1957, #10, gv. 12.

* melpomena – berZnulad `cekva-simReriT Seqebas~ niSnavs; berZnul miTologiaSi zevsisa da mnemosinas asuli _ erT-erTi cxra muzidan, tragediisa da sasceno xelovnebis mfarveli qal-RmerTi. gamoisaxeboda vazis foTlebiT morTuli, dafnis gvirgviniT, tragikuli niRbiT, kom-bliT xelSi; 2) sasceno xelovnebis simbolo.

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

31wyaro 2. qarTuli dramatuli sazogadoebis afiSa (XX saukunis da-

sawyisi)

wyaro 3. azerbaijanuli Teatris Sesaxeb

1912-1947 wlebSi TbilisSi fun-

qcionirebda azerbaijanuli sax-

alxo saxli, romelic narimanovis

klubis saxeliTac iyo cnobili.

iq, msoflio klasikis nimuSebTan

erTad, idgmeboda azerbaijanuli

piesebi. baqodan iwvevdnen azer-

baijanulenovan profesional msa-

xiobebs. maTTan erTad scenaze

TamaSobdnen sxvadasxva erovneb-

is msaxiobebi, romlebic kargad

flobdnen azerbaijanul enas. ma-

galiTad, saqarTvelos saxalxo

artisti taso abaSiZe azerbaija-

nel kolegebTan erTad warmate-

biT monawileobda azerbaijanul

warmodgenebSi. 1922 wels Teatrs

mirza faTali axundovis saxelo-

bis saxelmwifo azerbaijanuli Teatris statusi mieniWa. dasi xSirad mogzau-

robda saqarTvelos sxvadasxva qalaqsa da sofelSi.*

alxan bineToRli, saubrebi Teatrze, baqo, 2009, gv. 14.

* muslimuri sarwmunoebis mixedviT, qalebs TeatrSi msaxioboba ekrZalebodaT, amitom qalebis rols qalis tansacmelSi gadacmuli kacebi TamaSobdnen.

azerbaijanuli Teatris speq taklis afiSa, romelSic qa lebis rols

mamakacebi asru lebdnen*

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o32

wyaro 4. rusTavelis Teatris istoria

1920 wlis 27 iv-liss, saqarTvelos demokratiuli res-publikis mTavrobis gadawyvetilebiT , qarTul Teatrs ga-daeca iuzbaSevis sax-lis yvela darbazi da meore sarTuli. es iyo amJamindeli rusTavelis Teatris Senoba, sadac war-modgenebs marTavda, agreTve, rusuli Teatri ,,tarto” da somxuri drama. dRee-bi ase ganawil da: kvi-ra saRamo, samSabaTi, xuTSabaTi da SabaTi – qarTul dramas; orSabaTi, paraskevi da kvira dila – rusul Teatrs, oTx-SabaTi – somxur Teatrs.

vasil kiknaZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi gv. 458.

wyaro 5. somxuri Teatris Sesaxeb

s a q a rT v eloS i mcxov reb somex dra-matur gebs, romlebic qarTulad werdnen, Ta vianTi wvlili Seh qondaT qarTuli Te atris warmatebis saq meSi. aseTi iyo go-reli somexi zurab antonovi, romlis li teraturul-dra ma-turgiuli Semoqmede-ba qarTul scenaze gaifurCqna. somxur Te at rSi aqtiurad moR vaweobda cnobi-li qar Tveli msaxio-bi vaso abaSiZe. misi Semoqmedeba cocxali

gansaxie rebaa qarTvel da somex xalxTa megobruli urTierTobisa.

suren avCiani, dasaxelebuli naSromi gv. 79.

SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis saxel mwifo Teatri

Tbilisis somxuri Teatri

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

33wyaro 6. internacionaluri speqtaklebi

a) Cvens TeatrSi sundukianis ,,pepoSi~ efemias rols qarTulad TamaSobda msaxiobi medea Caxava, danarCeni dasi ki mTlianad somxurad TamaSobda. iyo piriqiTac _ rusTavelis Teatris scenaze speqtakl ,,pepoSi~ rusTavelis dasi TamaSobda qarTulad, xolo pepos rols somxur enaze asrulebda saqarTve-los saxalxo artisti artem lusiniani. aseTi gasvlebi Cveni TeatrisaTvis didi zeimi iyo. am speqtaklebze orive TeatrSi qarTveli da somexi mayure-beli erTad dadioda.

interviu saqarTvelos damsaxurebul artististTan robert ovanesianTan, Caiwera nana soloRaSvilma, 2009 wlis 20 seqtemberi.

b) XX saukunis 50-ian wlebSi soxumSi viyaviT gastrolebze. soxumis Teat-

ris scenaze viTamaSeT Seqspiris ,,otelo~. pirveli moqmedeba iTamaSa rusTave-

lis Teatris qarTulma dasma qarTul enaze, meore moqmedeba _ Tbilisis som-

xuri Teatris dasma somxur enaze, xolo mesame moqmedeba _ afxazeTis dasma

afxazur enaze. speqtakls mayurebelic mravalerovani hyavda da yvelasgan mxo-

lod siTbo da sixaruli igrZnoboda. CemTvis saamayoa, rom somxuri Teatris

scenaze ilia WavWavaZis ,,glaxis naambobSi~ akaki vasaZis partniori viyavi: igi

mamis rols TamaSobda, me _ Tamros. es udidesi bedniereba iyo.

interviu msaxiob serik SekoianTan, Caiwera nana soloRaSvilma, 2009 wlis 24 seqtemberi.

davaleba 1:

SeqmeniT 5 jgufi da moamzadeT statia, wyaroebis 1-6 mixedviT, XX saukunis

dasawyisis erT-erTi Tbilisuri gazeTisaTvis.

TiToeuli jgufi wers

y rusuli Teatris

y qarTuli Teatris

y somxuri Teatris

y azerbaijanuli Teatris

y gazeTis korespondentis

saxeliT.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: rogor emsaxureboda `Tbilisis melpomena~

Tanacxovrebas mravalkulturul qalaqSi?

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o34

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

XX saukunis dasawyisi

qarTvelebisomxebiazerbaijanelebirusebigermanelebida sxva

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

qarTvelebiazerbaijanelebirusebisomxebiosebida sxva

XXI saukunis dasawyisi

9. edemis baRi `samxreTis cimbirSi~

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori urTierToba iyo saqarTveloSi Camosax-lebul rusebsa da adgilobriv mosaxleobas Soris XX saukunis dasaw-yisSi?

wyaro 1. sagarejos raionis mosaxleoba

davaleba 1:

1. Seadare monacemebi. ra cvlilebebi moxda sagarejos raionis mosaxleobis eTnikur SemadgenlobaSi XX saukunis dasawyisidan XXI saukunis dasaw-yisamde?

2. ivaraude, ra iyo am cvlilebebis mizezi?

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

35wyaro 2. umiwo rusi glexebis gadmosaxlebis istoria

Tavad malxaz andronikaSvils, saxelmwifo bankidan aRebuli valis ga-

dauxdelobis gamo, 1908 wels auqcioniT gaeyida 13 aTasi desetina miwa axlan-

deli bogdanovkis, araSendisa da kaWreTis midamoebSi.

1909 wels gaRatakebuli, umiwo rusi glexebis 120 komli donispireTi-

dan mindor oleSi Camosaxlda - axlandeli sof. bogdanovkis teritoriaze.

axalmoSeneebma sofels bogdanovka uwodes, radgan ruseTis xelisufalTagan

muqTad Caigdes baraqiani qarTuli miwa. isini ambobdnen: es sikeTe RmerTma

mogvca - ,,bog dal”-o. maT magaliTze didZali rusi umiwawylo glexoba moawy-

da aqaurobas da ase gaCnda xutorebi: ,,makaevka,” ,,alandara,” ,,meore aland-

ara,” ,,gvozdeevka,” ,,saldatski xutori” da ,,zelionoe pole”. magram pirveli

msoflio omis dawyebisTanave axalmoSeneebi am xutorebidan aiyarnen da isev

samSobloSi dabrundnen. mxolod bogdanovka darCa dRemde.

interviu sagarejos mcxovrebi aleqsandre elerdaSvilTan, 82 wlis, Caiwera qeTevan qvliviZem, 2009 wlis 12 ivnisi.

wyaro 3. sofel bogdanovkis rusuli skolis Sesaxeb

leonti vasilis Ze zubaSevskis iniciativiT, sofelSi rusuli skola gaix-

sna. TandaTan skolaSi qarTveli bavSvebic momravldnen. maT rusul enaze

swavla uWirdaT. qarTvelma mSoblebma skolaSi qarTuli seqtoris gaxsnac

moiTxoves. soflis maswavleblis qeTevan kutibaSvilisa da misi meuRlis

revaz orvelaSvilis didi mondomebiT, 1966 wels soflis rusul skolaSi

qarTuli seqtoric gaixsna.

bogdanovkaSi mezobeli soflebidan: Siblianidan, verxvianidan, yandauridan,

kakabeTidan, Wermidan qarTvelebi Camosaxldnen. TandaTan soflis mosaxleo-

bis ZiriTadi nawili qarTuli gaxda. rusi da berZeni mcxovrebnic saukeTesod

floben qarTul enas. skolaSi rusul enaze swavlis moTxovna ukve naklebi

iyo. Sedegad, soflis rusuli skola gauqmda.

interviu sof. bogdanovkis mcxovreb ivane uSakovTan, 82 wlis, Caiwera qeTevan qvliviZem, 2009 wlis 10 ivnisi.

wyaro 4. rusi axalmosaxleebis cxovrebis Sesaxeb

a) 61 wlis vera stefanes asul Sirina: winaT am sofels malxazovka erqva,

1940 wlidan ki krasnogorka hqvia. Cemi winaprebi aq pirveli pirveli msoflio

omis win saratovis mxaridan gadmoasaxles. mizezi Cveni mrwamsi iyo _ malakne-

bi varT. sofelSi adre baptisti malaknebic iyvnen. isini wyliT naTlobas

iRebdnen. Cven, malaknebi, sityviT viRebT naTlobas. malaknebs eklesia ar

gvaqvs. `samlocvelo saxli~ yofili skolis SenobaSi gvqonda. sabWoTa peri-

odSi aq klubi gaxsnes, malaknebs sxva, calke mdgomi Senoba misces, SemoRobes.

axla sofelSi sul ori moxuci qaliRa darCa, vinc `samlocvelo saxlSi~

dadis da biblias kiTxulobs.

XX saukunis 90-ian wlebamde krasnogorka sufTa rusuli sofeli iyo.

mxolod rusebi vcxovrobdiT. politikuri viTarebis arevis Semdeg, gansa-

kuTrebiT, mxedrionis TareSis periodSi, sofeli dacarielda _ zogi Tbilis-

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o36

Si an rusTavSi gadasaxlda, zogic ruseTSi wavida. malaknebs didi oja xebi

gvqonda: TiTo ojaxSi 10 Svili mainc izrdeboda. dedaCems, Sirina nadeJda

andreevnas, 7 Svili, 37 SviliSvili da 7 SvilTaSvili hyavda. axla biZaS-

vilebi asze metni varT. gafantulebi varT ruseTsa da saqarTvelos Soris.

aq mcxovrebma rusebma qarTuli saerTod ar ician. ar iyo amis aucilebloba.

b) 81 wlis anastasia gluSkova: mamaCems qarTvelebi Zalian uyvarda. mec

Zalian miyvars qarTvelebi. kargad, Zalian kargad vcxovrobdiT erTad. XX

saukunis 90-ian wlebSi mTel saqarTveloSi ganukiTxaoba rom iyo, rusebs

gvaSinebdnen: wadiT aqedan, Torem qarTvelebi dagxocaveno. bevrs SeeSinda,

wavida ruseTSi. Cven arsad wavsulvarT. rusebi saxlebs rom hyiddnen, ramden-

ime saxli viyide Cemi SvilebisaTvis, rom arsad wasuliyvnen.

rusebi aq kargad vcxovrobdiT. mwvelavad vmuSaobdi. 10 Svili gavzarde,

uamravi jildoc maqvs miRebuli: 1979 wels, rogorc gamarjvebuls, premiad 100

kilogrami xorci gamomiweres, damsves TviTmfrinavze da moskovSi saxalxo

meurneobis miRwevaTa gamofenaze gamiSves 9 dRiT. Jurnalma `krestiankam~

ydaze Cemi suraTic dabeWda. namdvilad bednieri cxovreba mqonda. mdidaric

viyavi – yvela Cems Svils Zvirfasi logini da xaliCebi miveci.

interviu sof. krasnogorkis mcxovreblebTan Caiwera qeTevan qvliviZem, 2009 wlis 24 ivnisi.

wyaro 5. sof. krasnogorkis malaknebis saojaxo yofa

mraval

eTnikuri saqarTvel

o

37davaleba 2:

1. gaarkvie, wyaroebis 2 da 4 mixedviT, ra iyo dRevandeli sagarejos raionis

sofel bogdanovkasa da mezobel soflebSi rusuli mosaxleobis Camosax-

lebis mizezebi?2. wyaroebidan 3 da 4 miRebuli informaciis mixedviT, gansazRvre rogor wa-

rimarTa rusi axalmosaxleebis urTierToba adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan? moitane magaliTebi.

3. ipove argumentebi, miiCnevda Tu ara sagarejos raionis rusi mosaxleoba `samxreTis cimbirs~ Tavis samSoblod?

4. wyaroebis 2-5 mixedviT, isaubreT malaknebis cxovrebis wesisa da tradic-iebis Sesaxeb.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ratom iTvleboda saqarTvelo anu `samxre-Tis cimbiri~ edemis baRad?

ojaxi

38 10. Sereuli qorwinebebi

saqarTveloSi XX saukunis

meore naxevarSi

sakvanZo kiTxva: romelma politikurma procesebma iqonia gavlena saqarTvelos mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgenlobis cvlilebaze XX saukunis meore naxevarSi?

wyaro 1. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis Sesaxeb meore msoflio omis dros

…mosaxleoba did daxmarebas uwevda partiul, komkavSirul da sabWoTa or-ganoebs evakuirebuli bavSvebis mowyobasa da aRzrdaSi. 1942 wels patronaJze ayvanil iqna 2340, xolo Svilad 320 bavSvi [...]

...miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobis raodenoba Seivso buneb-rivi namatiT da mtris mier droebiT okupirebuli raionebidan evakuirebuli mosaxleobiT, romlis nawili saqarTveloSi damkvidrda, omis wlebSi saqarTve-los mosaxleoba Semcirda [...]

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t.VIII, Tb., 1980, gv. 232, 271.

wyaro 2. qarTuli mxatvruli filmi meore msoflio omis Semdeg Sere-uli ojaxis Sesaxeb

qarTuli mxatruli filmi `araCveulebrivi gamofena~ mogviTxrobs meore msoflio omis dros ruseTidan saqarTveloSi evakuirebuli rusi gogonas glafira ogurcovasa da qarTveli moqandakis – aguli erisTavis siyvarulisa da ojaxuri cxovrebis ambavs.

a) aguli erisTavis mama pipinia b) aguli, pipinia da agulis oTxi vagon-barakidan saxlSi vaJi ulocavs dedas miacilebs sarZlos. mexuTe vaJis gaCenas

kadrebi qarTuli mxatvruli filmidan „araCveulebrivi gamofena“,

reJisori e. Sengelaia, 1968 w.

ojaxi

39davaleba 1:1. ivaraude, ra iyo filmis Seqmnis idea?2. monaxe saerTo wyaroebSi 1-2 motanil magaliTebSi.3. daaskveni, romeli istoriuli movlenebi axdenda gavlenas Sereuli qor-

winebebis zrdaze saqarTveloSi?

wyaro 3. ojaxebis (Sinameurneobebis*) ganawileba erovnebis mixedviT (sadac yvela wevri erTi erovnebisaa)

(statistikis departamentis monacemebi)

SeniSvna: 2002 wels afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikasa da cxinvalis re-gionSi mosaxleobis sayo velTao aRwera ar Catarebula.

wyaro 4. ojaxebi (Sinameurneobebi), sadac wevrebi sxvadasxva erovnebisaa

(statistikis departamentis monacemebi)

1979 w. 1989 w. 2002 w.

yvela ojaxi 1150836 1243677 1040515

erTi erovnebis 1030716 1092349 971384

Sereuli 120120 151328 69131

davaleba 2:gamoiangariSe Sereul qorwinebaTa procentuli maCvenebeli

1979 1989 2002

* Sinameurneoba _ ase uwodeben oficialur dokumentebSi ojaxs.

erovneba 1979 1989 2002

1 qarTveli 750430 817875 837535

2 afxazi 14985 16590 92

3 osi 29736 28533 4875

4 somexi 84234 74253 49229

5 rusi 70104 56326 8018

6 azerb. 44325 56668 60623

7 berZeni 17533 17916 2918

8 sxva 12935 14226 8092

1979 w. 1989 w. 2002 w.

160000

140000

120000

100000

80000

60000

40000

20000

0

151328

120120

69131

ojaxi

40wyaro 5. Sereuli ojaxebi qarTvelis monawileobiT (statistikis depar-

tamentis monacemebi)

Sinameurneobebi, sadac wevrebi sxvadasxva erovnebisaa

davaleba 3:

1. wyaroebis 3-5 mixedviT, daadgine ra cvlilebebi moxda saqarTvelos mosax-leobis eTnikur SemadgenlobaSi.

2. Seadare Sereuli qorwinebis statistikaSi arsebuli cvlilebebi mosax-leobis eTnikuri Semadgenlobis imdroindel monacemebs.

3. gadanomre Sereuli ojaxebi maTi raodenobis mixedviT

wyaro 6. Sereuli ojaxebi (Sinameurneobebi) qalaqad da soflad

(statistikis departamentis monacemebi)

davaleba 4:gamoiangariSe soflad da qalaqad mcxovrebi Sereuli ojaxebis procentuli

maCvenebeli

1979 1989 2002

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

19325

2163

15013

11501

2229 2046

8050 8804

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

1979 w. 1989 w. 2002 w.

qalaqebSi

soflebSi

18906

3289626404

93719 90750

50225

1. qarTveli da rusi2. qarTveli da afxazi3. qarTveli da somexi4. qarTveli da osi5. qarTveli da azerbaijaneli6. qarTveli da berZeni7. qarTveli da sxv.8. qarTvelis gareSe

ojaxi

41

1. saxeli, gvari 2. erovneba 3. dabadebis adgili da weli 4. ganaTleba 5. meuRlis erovneba 6. sad gaicaniT Tqveni meuRle? 7. rodis iqorwineT? 8. ra wesiT Sesrulda qorwineba? 9. sad cxovrobT amJamad?

10. gyavT Tu ara Svilebi? 11. ra enaze laparakobT ojaxSi? 12. ician Tu ara Tqvenma Svilebma Tqveni mSobliuri ena? 13. SegqmniaT ojaxSi problemebi Tqveni araqarTvelobis gamo? 14. sazogadoebis mxridan? 15. miiCnevT Tu ara saqarTvelos Tqvens samSoblod?

1. irina xaldeeva

2. rusi

3. xaSuri, 1933 w.

4. umaRlesi

5. qarTveli, Tengiz barnaveli

6. meuRle gavicani TbilisSi

7. oTxi wlis Semdeg

8. xeli movawereT

9. TbilisSi

10. Svilebi gvyavs

11. qarTulad da rusulad

12. Svilebma rusuli kargad ician

13. aranairi, Cvens Svilsac rusi

coli hyavs

14. ara

15. saqarTvelo Cemi samSobloa

1. maxnur aSurova

2. azerbaijaneli

3. bolnisis r-ni, sof. darbazi, 1943 w.

4. umaRlesi, rusuli enis pedagogi

5. qarTveli, giorgi valiSvili

6. meuRle gavicani q. kaspSi, skolaSi

7. Zalian male, imave wels

8. xeli movawereT

9. vcxovrobT TbilisSi

10. ori asuli da erTi vaJi

11. ojaxSi vlaparakobT qarTulad

da azerbaijanulad

12. orive ena kargad ician

13. arasodes

14. ara, gansakuTrebul siyvaruls

vgrZnob mezoblebisgan

15. ra Tqma unda

davaleba 5:imsjeleT, ratom aris qalaqSi meti Sereuli ojaxi, vidre sofelSi?

wyaro 7. kiTxvari-interviu

interviu Caiweres n. molaSvilma da n. nabievam, 2009 wlis 8 da 16 oqtomberi.

davaleba 6:

1. airCie pasuxebidan erT-erTi fraza am interviuebis dasasaTaureblad.2. gaixsene saqarTvelosa da msoflios istoriidan cnobili Sereuli (dinas-

tiuri) qorwinebebi?3. airCie interviudan is kiTxvebi, romlebic yvelaze mniSvnelovnad migaCnia

da daasabuTe Seni arCevani.4. intervius safuZvelze gansazRvre, ra aris Sereuli ojaxis yvelaze rTuli

problema da SesTavaze misi gadaWris Seneuli gzebi.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra istoriuli movlenebi axdenda gavlenas Sereuli qorwinebebis dinamikaze?

ojaxi

42 11. erTi quCa marneulSi

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo sxvadasxva eTnikuri da religiuri jgufis Tanacxovrebis tradiciebi marneulSi XX saukunis bolos?

wyaro 1. marneulis raioni XX saukunis bolos

davaleba 1:

1. gansazRvre, romel raionebs da ucxo qveynebs esazRvreba marneulis raioni?2. ra gavlenas axdens raionis amgvari mdebareoba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis

erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobebze?

მარნეულიბოლნისი

ახქეჽფი

ოფჽეთი

სადახლო

კასუმლო

ყაჩაღანი

ხოჯოჽნი

ს ო მ ხ ეთ

ი

ბო

ლნ

ის

ის

რ

აი

ონ

ი

გ ა რ დ ა ბ ნ ი ს რა

იო

ნი

მდ. მაშავეჽა

მდ. დებედა

მდ. შ

ულავ

ეჽი

მდ. ხჽამი

მდ. ალგეთი

მდ. ალგეთი

ქაფანახჩი

ქუჽთლაჽი

შაუმიანი

თამაჽისი

ალგეთი

მდ. ხჽამი

მდ. მ�კვაჽი

პირობითი აღნიშვნები

სახელმ�იფო საზღვაჽიჽაიონული საზღვაჽი

სამხაჽეო �ენ�ჽი

სოფელიჽაიონული �ენ�ჽი

მარნეულის რაიონი

თ ე თ რ ი წ ყ ა რ ო ს რ ა ი ო ნ ი

ა

ზე

რბ

აი

ჯა

ნი

გარდაბანი

რუსთავი

ოჽჯონიკიძე

ქვემო ყულაჽი

ყიზილ-აჯლო

შულავეჽი

ojaxi

43wyaro 2. marneulis raionis mosaxleoba

eTnikuriSemadgenloba

1979 1989 2002

azerbaijanelebi 72965/72,6% 91923/76,3% 98245/79%

qarTvelebi ? ? 9503 / 8%

somxebi ? ? 9329 / 7,9%

berZnebi ? ? 396 / 0,3%

rusebi ? ? 523 / 0,4%

sxva ? ? 112 / 0,1%

saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamenti

davaleba 2:

1. gaixsene, ra cvlilebebi moxda saqarTveloSi 1980-90-ian wlebSi?2. daalage es cvlilebebi qronologiuri TanmimdevrobiT.3. Seiswavle cxrili da ivaraude, ra iyo marneulis raionis mosaxleobis

eTnikuri Semadgenlobis cvlilebis mizezebi.

wyaro 3. pirveli eklesia da pirveli meCeTi marneulSi rusTavelis quCaze

daviT aRmaSeneblis eklesia (1999-2000) meCeTi (1998-2000)

davaleba 3:

axseni, ra procesebze metyvelebs am sakulto nagebobebis mSeneblobis Tari-Rebi?

ojaxi

44wyaro 4. qarTul-azerbaijanuli ojaxis tradiciebi

_ sad gaicaniT erTmaneTi?

_ institutis damTavrebis

Semdeg orivem daviwyeT muSa-

oba bolnisis raionis sofel

akaurtaSi da swored iq gavi-

caniT erTmaneTi. 1950 wels

davqorwindiT. gvyavs 9 SviliS-

vili, 6 SvilTaSvili.

_ aRniSnavT Tu ara qris-

tianul da muslimur dResas-

waulebs?

_ aravin aravis uSlis aR-

niSnos nacionaluri da re-

ligiuri dResaswaulebi. magaliTad, Cven vzeimobT `novruz-bairam~, romelic

gazafxulis mosvlis simboloa. dResaswaulamde 4 kviriT adre yovel ojaxSi

TefSze yrian xorbals da svel dolbands afareben, rom gaRvivdes da gauSvas

fesvebi, Semdeg amodis pirveli mwvane aRmonaceni _ gazafxulis mauwyebeli. 20

da 21 marts xorbals saxelwodebiT `semeni~ kraven wiTeli bafTiT, amzadeben

tradiciul flavs, „semeni“ garSemo yrian Txils da tkbileuls da anTeben

imden sanTels, ramdeni kacic aris ojaxSi. ymawvilebi da gogonebi agdeben

karebqveS qudebs da Casafrebulebi elodebian, roca maT qudebs tkbileuliT

aavseben. saRamoTi ki ikribebian didi koconis garSemo, mRerian, cekvaven, ege-

bebian gazafxuls. roca koconi bJutvas iwyebs, axtebian mas.

Cven erTad avRniSnavT saero da ojaxur dResaswaulebs _ muslimurs da

qristianuls. sufraze tradiciuli qarTuli da azerbaijanuli kerZebia, vmRe-

riT, vcekvavT erTad.

interviu marneulSi rusTavelis quCaze mcxovreb, qarTvel mariam artemis asul TarxniSvilze daqorwinebul, mamed abdula oRli mamedovTan,

Caiweres nargiz nabievam da eliura alievam, 2009 wlis 5 aprili.

davaleba 4:

1. Seni azriT, mamedovebis ojaxSi novruz-bairams religiuri dResaswaulis mniSvnelobiT zeimoben, Tu mas ufro saojaxo dResaswaulis mniSvneloba aqvs?

2. moZebne wyaroSi 4 Seni mosazrebis damadasturebeli sityvebi.

ojaxi

45wyaro 5. azerbaijanul-berZnuli ojaxis tradiciebi

_ Tqven qristiani brZandebiT,

qmari - mahmadiani. ra rwmenas mis-

deven Tqveni Svilebi?

_ samTave Svili mahmadianebad

aRvzardeT.

_ aRniSnavT Tu ara qristian-

ul da muslimur dResaswaulebs?

_ diax, aRvniSnavT. erT-er-

Ti yvelaze didi qristianu-

li dResaswaulia _ aRdgomis

dResaswauli, anu qristes na-

Teli kviradRe. is ganekuTvne-

ba egreT wodebul gardamaval

dResaswaulebs da aRiniSneba pirvel kviradRes gazafxulis savse mTvaris

Semdeg, romelic gazafxulis buniaobis Semdeg dgeba. aRdgomisTvis mzadeba

iwyeba didi marxvis pirveli dReebidan. yovel ojaxSi TefSebze Tesaven xor-

bals, romelic dResaswaulisTvis aRmonacendeba. dResaswaulze Rebaven kver-

cxebs, acxoben paskas, midian eklesiaSi.

sanam vaJi muslim cols moiyvanda, Cven ufro aRdgomas avRniSnavdiT, axla

ki avRniSnavT `novruz-bairams~.

interviu marneulSi mcxovreb azerbaijanel aiaT ismailis Ze ismailovze gaTxovil, wavkisis mkvidrTan berZen maria porfiriadisTan,

Caiweres nargiz nabievam da eliura alievam, 2009 wlis 6 aprili.

davaleba 5:

1. gaaanalize wyaro 5: a) axseni, riT iyo ganpirobebuli is faqti, rom im ojaxSi, sadac yvela mam-

akaci muslimia, aRniSnavdnen aRdgomas? b) ganixile, ra religiuri tradiciebi Camoyalibda am ojaxSi? 2. wyaroebSi 4 da 5 mocemuli fotosuraTebis mixedviT, Seadare, ra aris

saerTo am ori religiuri dResaswaulis aRniSvnis tradiciaSi?

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aris marneulSi sxvadasxva eTnikuri Tu religiuri jgufis urTierTobis damaxasiaTebeli niSani?

ojaxi

46 12. xalxTa `WianWvelebis bude~

CaqvSi

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom eZaxian Caqvs xalxTa `WianWvelebis budes~?

wyaro 1. ucxoeli mecnieri kavkasiis mosaxleobis Sesaxeb

kavkasiis mxare mecnieruli TvalsazrisiT udavod dedamiwis uSesaniSnaves kuTxed unda vcnoT. misma geografiulma mdebareobam evropisa da aziis Sesa-yarze, ...eTnografiulma da istoriulma niSandoblivma Taviseburebebma [...] Seu-Zlebelia interesi ar aRgviZras [...] Zveli qveynis adamianTa rasebi, aziidan evropisaken rom miedinebodnen, kavkasiaze an mis gverdiT Caiqrolebdnen da aq tovebdnen TavianT axalSenebs, romlebic Semdeg erTmaneTsa da adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi iTqvifebodnen da uamrav calkeul erovnebas qmniddnen. swored amitom ewoda kavkasias xalxTa `WianWvelebis bude~.

k.riteri, miwismflobelTa istoria, wignSi: d. baqraZe, arqeologiuri mogzauroba guriasa da aWaraSi, Tbilisi, 1864, gv. 1.

wyaro 2. rogor iqmneboda Caqvi

a) sofel CaqvSi wvimisagan Tavi SevafareT fleTili qvis did orsarTulian saxls, romelic kramitiT iyo daxuruli, rogorc saukeTeso saxlebis ume-tesoba. [...] es saxli ekuTvnoda agilobriv memamules xusein-beg beJan-oRlis anu beJaniSvils [...] saxlis gverdiT iyo mdidari da sakmaod vrceli Celtikis, anu brinjis yana, romelic xusein-begs wliurad 300 qisa Semosavals aZlevs.

dimitri baqraZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 18.

b) ruseTis saimperatoro ojaxs mTels imperiaSi didZali mamulebi hqonda mflobelobaSi, romlis marTvisTvis Seqmnili iyo specialuri saufliswulo uw-yeba. ... XIX saukunis 80-90-ian wlebSi saufliswulo uwyebis moxeleebis arCevani Caqvis xeobaze SeCerda, rac SemTxveviTi ar yofila. xeobis saerTo farTobi 16378 desetinas aRwevda, sadac 205 komli cxovrobda. mTels olqSi Caqvis xeoba nayofieri miwebiT gacilebiT mdidari iyo, xolo mosaxleoba _ SedarebiT mcire.

o. TurmaniZe, saadgilmamulo urTierTobebi samxreT-dasavleT saqarTveloSi osmalTa batonobis xanaSi, baTumi, 2001, gv. 119.

g) saufliswulo uwyeba CaqvSi mamulebis SeZenas 1894 wels Seudga. jer e.w. saxazino miwebi daisakuTra, Semdeg muhajirTa mitovebul miwebs daepatrona.

qcsa, f.130, a.1.s.184.

d) CaqvSi 1951 wlidan vcxovrob. aq adre Waobi iyo. gavrcelebuli iyo ma-laria. Tavdapirvelad, am teritoriebze (oRond ufro SemaRlebul adgilebze) rusma maRalCinosnebma agarakebi aiSenes. maxsovs ramdenime gvari _ voroncovi, popovi, soloviovi, solovcovi da baTumis botanikuri baRis damaarsebeli krasnovi. swored maT Camoiyvanes Cinelebi lao jinjaos xelmZRvanelobiT. igi CaqvSi 1926 wlamde cxovrobda. misma Svilma meuRled Caqvis Cais sabWo-Ta meurneobis direqtoris zaqaria TuSmaliSvilis qaliSvili SeirTo. muSa-xeli mimdebare soflebidan CamohyavdaT, Semdeg ukve daiwyes sxvadasxva ju-

ojaxi

47ris adamianebis Camosaxleba. gaWirvebuli adamianebi sixaruliT modiodnen da asrulebdnen umZimes samuSaos, oRond lukma-puri hqonodaT. xalxi saerTo sacxovrebelSi cxovrobda da samuSaoc sezonuri xasiaTis iyo. Semdeg, nawili mudmivad dasaxlda... ase davsaxldiT erTad...

interviu Caqvis mcxovrebTan vaxtang kutubiZesTan, 83 wlis,Caiwera madona miqelaZem, 2009 wlis 22 dekemberi.

wyaro 3. Caqvis mravaleTnikuri mosaxleobis Sesaxeb

CaqvSi 1949 wlidan vcxovrob. aq 14 erovnebis adamianebi iyvnen dasaxlebuli: qarTvelebi (qristianebi da muslimebi), rusebi, berZnebi, somxebi, ukrainelebi, azerbaijanelebi, qurTebi, bulgarelebi, latvielebi, litvelebi, estonelebi, uzbekebi, CeCnebi, osebi, moldovelebi... CaqvSi xalxi masobrivad 1930-ian wleb-Si Camoasaxles, roca ruseTSi saSineli SimSili iyo. sabWoTa periodSi aq qalTa kolonia* iyo. is Senoba dResac SemorCenilia. swored maT amuSavebdnen Waobis amosaSrobad da Cais plantaciebis gasaSeneblad. dro gadioda. xalxi TandaTan saerTo sacxovreblebidan binebSi gadaiyvanes. maT sakuTari meur-neobebic moiwyves. 1960-iani wlebidan ukve kerZo saxlebic gaCnda.

interviu Caqvis mcxovrebTan, meore msoflio omis veteranTan, 88 wlis akaki beWvaiasTan, Caiwera madona miqelaZem, 2009 wlis 22 dekemberi.

wyaro 4. Caqvis Cais meurneobis muSebi, 1949 w.

wyaro 5. ,,gamomyevi, gogo colad...!”, Caqvi, 1965 w.

* kolonia _ qalTa sasjelaRsrulebiTi dawesebuleba.

ojaxi

48wyaro 6. oficialuri statistikuri monacemebi Caqvis mosaxleobis

Sesaxeb

2009 wlis aRweriT, mosaxleobis raodenoba CaqvSi 10 567 adamians Seadgens.

maTgan daaxloebiT 2500-ze meti macxovrebeli sxva erovnebisaa. mosaxleobis

eTnikuri Semadgenloba ase gamoiyureba: qarTvelebi, rusebi, somxebi, berZne-

bi, ukrainelebi, bulgarelebi, CeCnebi, azerbaijanelebi, osebi, moldovelebi,

latvielebi, litvelebi.

Caqvis gamgeobis mier mowodebuli informacia, 2009 wlis 10 aprili.

davaleba 1:

1. wyaroebSi 2 (a, b, g, d) da 3 mocemul informaciaSi xazi gausvi sakvanZo sityvebs, romlebic xsnis XX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi CaqvSi mosaxleobis Casaxlebis mizezebs.

2. axseni, miuxedavad sirTuleebisa, ratom gadawyvites CaqvSi droebiT Casax-lebulma adamianebma iq darCena?

3. wyaroebis 1-6 da mixedviT, romel yvelaze saintereso faqtebs gamoiyenebdi Caqvis Sesaxeb narkvevis _ `me Tavs ucxod ar miviCnev~ dawerisas?

wyaro 7. CaqvSi turizmis ganviTarebisa da misi Sedegebis Sesaxeb

a) turizmi mosaxleobis axal talRas uyris saTaves: aq uamravi adamiani

Camodis; sxvadasxva erovnebis, sxvadasxva religiis. nawili uZrav qonebas

iZens da saxldeba, zogi sezonurad, zogi ki mudmivad. Caqvis mosaxleobis

Wreli Semadgenloba ar Semcirebula, piriqiT, ufro ,,gaWrelda“. daematnen

Turqebi, Cinelebi, arabebi da sxva. Tumca Cinelebi aq adrec cxovrobdnen...

b) mSvidobiani Tanacxovreba, TavisTavad, turizmis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels,

maSasadame, mosaxleobis ekonomikur gaZlierebas. es ori faqtori urTi-

erTgadajaWvulia da erTis dakargva meores ganadgurebas iwvevs.

interviu Caqvis mcxovreb istorikos i. gorgilaZesTan, Caiwera madona miqelaZem, 2009 wlis 15 dekemberi.

davaleba 2:

1. wyaro 7-is mixedviT, gansazRvre, ra aris avtorisaTvis mTavari sxvadasxva erovnebis adamianebis TanacxovrebaSi?

ojaxi

49wyaro 8. Caqvelebi TavianTi dasaxlebis Sesaxeb

a) v. torosiani, 74 wlis: CaqvSi arasodes momxdara konfliqti eTnikur Tu re-ligiur niadagze. Cven ar gvqonia imis SegrZneba, rom gansxvavebulebi varT erTmaneTisagan. erTad vcxovrobdiT e.w. barakebSi (maSin kerZo saxlebi an aseTi sacxovrebeli korpusebi ar iyo) da Wirsa da lxins erTmaneTs vu-ziarebdiT.

b) o. WaRaliZe, 63 wlis: me ar maxsovs dapirispirebis arc erTi faqti. Cven ar varT konfliqturebi. meorec, yvelas erTnairad gviWirda. aq Camosuli yvela adamiani Tanaswori iyo gaWirvebisa da malariiT sikvdilis winaSe. vis ecala gansxvavebis moZebnisasTvis?

g) i. fiodorovi, 40 wlis: Tavs ar vgrZnob ucxod da Tu minda Caqvidan

wasvla, es mxolod ekonomikuri faqtoridan gamomdinare, magram ara sam-

udamod!!! 1990-ian wlebSi, roca daixura Cais fabrikebi, funqcionireba

Sewyvita Caisa da citrusebis meurneobam, Caqvi masiurad datoves ruseb-

ma, berZnebma, somxebma da a.S. iciT, ramdeni dabrunda ukan? bevri. iciT,

ratom? maT versad ver ipoves is siTbo, megobroba da urTierTTanadgoma,

rogoric CvenTan viciT.

interviu CaqvelebTan, Caiwera madona miqelaZem, 2009 wlis 5 marti.

davaleba 3:

1. wyaroSi 8 (a, b, g) ipove fraza, romelsac gamoiyenebdi Caqvze statiis sa-Taurad.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aris saWiro imisaTvis, rom adami-anebi mSvidobianad cxovrobdnen mravaleTnikur qalaqSi?

ojaxi

50 13. udiebi XX saukunis

qarTul garemoSi

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen udiebi XX saukunis qarTul garemoSi?

wyaro 1. udiebis gansaxleba sabWoTa kavSirSi 1989 wlis aRweris mixedviT

wyaro 2. udiebis raodenoba ssrk-Si 1989 wlisaTvis

azerbaijani 6125 TurqmeneTi 32

ruseTi 1102 tajikeTi 31

saqarTvelo 793 moldaveTi 16

yazaxeTi 366 belorusia 15

ukraina 109 latvia 15

uzbekeTi 46 yirgizeTi 2

statistikuri monacemebi aRebulia wignidan: g. Cavadovi, udilari, baqo, 1999 (rus.).

ojaxi

51

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1926 w. 1959 w. 1970 w. 1979 w. 1989 w. 2002 w.

udiebi ssrk-Si

udiebisaqarTveloSi

2500

3700

5900

7000

8652

793203

800800

00

wyaro 3. udiebis gansaxleba sabWoTa kavSirSi XX saukuneSi

udiebis gansaxlebis dinamika sabWoTa kavSirsa da saqarTveloSi

diagrama Sedgenilia statistikuri monacemebis safuZvelze wignidan „eT-nosebi saqarTveloSi“, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 210–211.

wyaro 4. udiebis Sesaxeb

a) 1920-1922 wlebSi azerbaijanelebsa da somxebs Soris saSineli omi, xocva-Jleta daiwyo. mamam, cnobilma sazogado moRvawem, udi xalxi moarida iqau-robas da, saqarTvelos mTavrobasTan SeTanxmebiT, saqarTveloSi Camoasaxla. maT Soris iyvnen somxebi da erTi germanul-ukrainuli ojaxi.

interviu leila zinovis asul silikaSvilTan, 81 wlis, Caiwera n. agasaSvilma,

2009 wlis 4 ivnisi.

b) udi xalxi kompaqturad dasaxlebulia mxolod sam sofelSi, romelTagan

oriAazerbaijanis teritoriaze mdebareobs _ varTaSeni da niji, xolo erTi saqarTveloSi – zinobiani (yvarlis raioni). udma xalxma, miuxedavad mravali Wir-varamisa, qristianuli rwmena da mSobliuri ena dRemde Semoinaxa.

evgeni jeiraniSvili, udiuri ena, Tb., 1971, gv. 3.

davaleba 1:

1. wyaroebis 1, 2 daxmarebiT:

a) gaarkvie, sabWoTa kavSiris romel respublikebSi ar cxovrobdnen udiebi?

b) daasaxele, romel respublikaSi cxovrobs yvelaze meti udi da axseni, Seni azriT, ratom?

2. wyaro 3-is mixedviT: a) daadgine udiebis raodenobis cvlilebis tendencia sabWoTa kavSirsa da

saqarTveloSi; b) ivaraude am tendenciebis mizezebi.

ojaxi

52

udi sazogado moRvawez. silikaSvili

wyaro 5. udi sazogado moRvawis z. silikaSvilis 1924 wlis 22 aprilis mimar Tva ganaTlebis saxalxo komisars:

saCqarod da sayuradRebod ganaTlebis saxalxo komisars (stili daculia)

asli saqarTvelos: 1. aRmasrulebel centralur komitets2. saxalxo komisarTa sabWos3. komunisturi partiis centralur

komitets4. axalgazrdaTa komkavSiris centra-

lur komitets5. profesiuli kavSiris prezidiums6. bavSvTa TavSesafaris komitets da 7. gazeT `komunistis~ redaqciasudiebis axal sofelSi daarsdes axa-

li tipis sasoflo skola Svidwledi, msgavsad germanuli sasoflo skolisa, saca sasoflo skolaSi moswavle iswav-lis Svid wels, dReSi ki imecadinebs Svid saaTs. sam saaTs swavlobs zogad sagnebs – sazogadod ganaTlebisas, oTx saaTs ki fizikurad Sromas da varjiSobs skolis sazogadod mowyobil fermaSi, bostanSi, venaxSi, safutkreSi da sxva.

saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis centraluri arqivi f. 300, ad1 17106, gv. 56.

davaleba 2:

imsjele, wyaro 5-is mixedviT, rogori pirobebi Seiqmna saqarTveloSi 1920-ian wlebSi udi axalgazrdobis ganviTarebisaTvis, maTi gadasaxlebis Semdeg?

wyaro 6. udiebis warmomadgenlebi

XX saukunis 30-iani wlebi, Zmebi beJaniSvilebi. marcxniv, eqimi mixeili, marjvniv mewarme, agur-keramikis qarxnis direqtori, Salva, SuaSi diplomati, griSa, skkp ck-is baltiispireTis qveynebis ganyofilebis gamge.

e. neSumaSvili, vin arian udinebi, Tb., 2002, gv. 94

davaleba 3:

imsjele, ra faqtorebma Seuwyo xeli, rom udiebi sazogadoebis aqtiuri wevrebi gamxdariyvnen?

ojaxi

53

b. udiuri enis problema

dRes-dReobiT sofel zinobianSi

TiTqmis aravin saubrobs udiurad.

yvela laparakobs qarTulad, rad-

gan yovel ojaxSi aris qarTveli

rZali an qarTveli siZe. ase dro-

Ta ganmavlobaSi udiuri ena dai-

kargeba. amitom saWiroa, rom ada-

mianebma, romlebic kargad flo ben

enas, gamoiyenon swavlebis Taname-

drove saSualebebi da udiu ri enis

swavlebis kursi Seadginon.

interviu leila aleqsandres as. silikaSvilTan, 72 wlis, Caiwera

n. agasaSvilma, 2009 wlis 7 ivnisi.

wyaro 7. udiuri damwerlobisa da enis Sesaxeb

a. albanuri* damwerlobis nimuSi

davaleba 4:imsjeleT, ra gziT axerxeben udiebi TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas?

wyaro 8. sagnebi, romlebsac udiebi Tanamedrove skolaSi swavloben

# sagani I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX jami

1 qarTuli ? ? 7 8 9 8 9 422 maTematika 5 6 4 4 4 4 4 313 rusuli ena 3 3 3 3 3 15

inglisuri ena 1 1 5 6 6 4 4 274 istoria 2 2 3 3 4 14

geografia 1 2 3 3 9samoqalaqo 2 2

5 fizika 2 2 4qimiabiologia

6 fiz.aRzrdaxelovnebamusikaSroma

7 istoriaudiuri enareligiis istoria da kultura

davaleba 5:1. gaecani wyaros 8. ra enebs swavloben sofel zinobianis Tanamedrove sko-

laSi? gaakeTe daskvna saaTobrivi badis Sedarebis safuZvelze.2. imsjeleT, ramdenad xels uwyobs aseTi ganaTleba imas, rom udi mozardi

Tanamedrove sazogadoebis sruluflebiani wevri gaxdes?

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra faqtorebs SeuZlia mcirericxovani xalxebis TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis xelSeuwyoba?

* sinas mTaze aRmoCenili xelnaweris safuZvelze, mecnierebma daaskvnes, rom albanuri da udi-uri damwerloba erTi da igivea.

interviudan profesor zaza aleqsi-ZesTan, Caiwera n. agasaSvilma,

Jurnali „Tbiliselebi“, #6, 2003.

ojaxi

54 14. qistebi XX saukunis

saqarTveloSi

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor aRiqvams qistebs Tanamedrove qarTuli sa-zogadoeba?

wyaro 1. xanSi Sesuli qisti mamakacebi

wyaro 2. qisti mwerali sakuTari xalxis Sesaxeb

jer kidev XX saukunis 90-ian wlebamde cota vinmem Tu icoda, rom pankisSi cxovrobda CeCnuri warmoSobis xalxi, romelic mama-papur adaT-wesebs misdevs. aqvs mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli mentaliteti, gamoirCeva gamokveTili stumar-maspinZlobiT, maRal-moraluri da zneobrivi etiketiT. am xalxis war-momadgenlebs pankisSi ewerebaT qisti. magram aseTi erovneba saqarTveloSic da sabWoTa kavSirSic arsad fiqsirdeba. mosaxleobis aRwerisas, erovnebis grafaSi qisti iwereboda, mSobliuri ena _ qarTuli, amitom qarTvelebad aRiwerebodnen. skolaSi vaJa-fSavelas poemebis personaJi qistebi ise aRiqme-bodnen qarTveli moswavleebis SegnebaSi, rogorc qarTveli. arc muslimuri aRmsarebloba iwvevda gaucxoebas, radgan qarTvelTa zogierTi tomic (in-giloebi, fereidnelebi, aWarlebi) islams aRiarebdnen. oraswlianma cxovrebam saqarTveloSi, qarTulma kulturam iseTi Zlieri zegavlena iqonia CeCnur tomze, rom Camoyalibda CeCnur-qarTuli eTnosi, romelic TavisSi atarebda rogorc qarTul, ise CeCnur kulturas.

xaso xangoSvili, qistebi (istoriul-popularuli narkvevi), Tb., 2005, gv. 9-10.

ojaxi

55wyaro 3. qarTveli mwerali qistebis Sesaxeb

arc Cven varT fanatikosi qristianebi da arc qistebi arian fanatikosi muslimanebi. Cven yvelani mainc warmarTi mTiulebi varT. qistebSi nadirobis dros ar maxsovs vinmes uari eTqvas qarTuli Rvinis dalevaze. pankisel qiste-bze xom zedmetia saubari. qarTvelebisadmi guliT mindobilni, metwilad, qar-Tuli cxovrebis wess arian naziarebni.

jer kidev mTaSi cxovrebis dros erTi znisa da xasiaTis xalxs, bevri ram hqonda saerTo. pankisSi Camosaxlebis Semdeg ki bevri ram SeiTvises ba-ris qarTvelebisagan da gansxvavebulic bevri aRaraferi darCa imdenad, rom isini SesaZlebelia saqarTvelos erT tomadac movixsenioT. rogorc amas eT-nografebi varaudoben, uxsovar dros gayrili maTi gzebi TiTqmis SeerTda.

interviu mweral besik xaranaulTan, Caiwera l. margoSvilma, 2009 wlis 27 Tebervali.

davaleba 1:

1. wyaro 2-isa da 3-is mixedviT daaxasiaTe qistebi: a) religiuri; b) eTnikuri; g) teritoriuli niSnebis mixedviT.

2. saskolo programidan daasaxele vaJa-fSavelas poemebi, romelTa persona-Jebi qistebi arian.

3. ganixile qistebisa da xevsurebis saerTo wes-Cveulebebi vaJa-fSavelas poe-mebis mixedviT.

4. ipove wyaroebSi 2 da 3 informacia, romelic adasturebs qistebisa da qarTvelebis saerTo wes-Cveulebebs.

wyaro 4. qistebis sarwmunoebis Sesaxeb

a) pankisis xeobaSi mcxovrebi duiselebi amJamad mahmadianur sarwmunoebas aRiareben. qristianul Cveu lebas, romelic gamahmadianebamde hqondaT da aRi-arebdnen mainc kidev ar sTmoben.

dRemde did dResaswaulad aqvT darCenili „nijuai“, „ooRua“ da „sinii“, romlebic eTanxmeba qristianul dResaswaulebs: Sobas, aRdgomasa da naTlis-Reba-wyalkurTxevas.

informacia maTe albuTaSvilis wignidan, „pankisis xeoba“, Tb., 2005.

ojaxi

56b) minareTi duisSi da mariam RvTismSoblis eklesia joyoloSi (pankisis

xeoba)

g) interviu pankisis xeobis sofel joyoloSi mariam RvTismSoblis eklesi-is momvlel lado cxadaZesTan

l batono lado, Tqven qarTuli warmoSobis brZandebiT. gviTxariT Tqvens Sesaxeb, ramdeni xania pankisSi cxovrobT?

– marTalia, Cemi winaprebi imereTidan arian da warmoSobiT qarTveli var. Cemi didi papa biWia cxadaZe Terjolis raionidan yofila. mas kaci Semoakvda da iZulebuli gaxda imereTi daetovebina da kaxeTSi gadmosuliyo. axmetaSi miwebi SeiZina, mataneli qalic SeirTo da aq dasaxlda. eyola ori vaJiSvili arCili da vaso da sami qaliSvili. orive biWma sasuliero ganaTleba miiRo. saswavleblis dasrulebis Semdeg vaso ganaweses joyolos mariam RvTismSob-lis saxelobis eklesiaSi da maTe albuTaSvilTan erTad diakvnad msaxurob-da. Cvenc swored misi STamomavlebi varT.

l dRes Tqven romeli aRmsareblobis xarT?

– me winaprebis religia SenarCunebuli maqvs da qristiani var. meuRle qisti myavs da muslimia. oTxi Svili myavs ori maTgani qristiania, ori ki muslimi.

l sainteresoa, ojaxSi romel religiur dResaswaulebs aRniSnavT?

_ yvela dResaswauli mixaria da maTi aRniSvnac msiamovnebs. rogorc qris-tianul, ise muslimur dResaswaulebs aRvniSnavT.

ojaxi

57Cemi religiis gamo aravis Sevuwuxebivar. muslimebi duisidan, joyolodan

CemTan xSirad saxlSi mosulan, erTad gviqeifia, gvimegobria. arc aqedan was-vlis survili gamCenia rodisme, miuxedavad imisa, rom Cvens imerel naTesavebs mivageniT da iq Cveni didi papis oda _ saxlic Zveleburi saxiT SenarCunebuli dagvxvda. me aqaur xalxs kargad Sevewyve.

d) interviu joyoloSi mcxovreb, imereli diakvanis vaso cxadaZis STamoma-

valTan vaxtang cxadaZesTan

l batono vaxtang, warmogvidgineT Tqveni Tavi.

– me var imeruli warmoSobis kaci, myavs meuRle da xuTi Svili, xuTives

mivaRebine umaRlesi ganaTleba, samma maTganma javaxiSvilis universiteti war-

CinebiT daamTavra. axla var 79 wlis. pankisSi Cemi papa movida pirvelad, di-

akvanad moRvaweobda joyolos eklesiaSi,SeirTo qisti qali da mec misi STa-

momavali var.

l Tqveni winaprebi qristianebi iyvnen, Tqven ra aRmsareblobis xarT?

– me musulmani var. Cemi xuTive Svilic muslimia, kacs erTi rjulis unda

swamdes.an unda iyos qristianulad monaTluli an musulmurad. me Cemi sur-

viliT miviRe islami, ZaliT miRebuli rwmena rwmena ar aris.

l ojaxSi romeli religiis dResaswaulebs aRniSnavT?

– islamur dResaswaulebs, ise ki, ra Tqma unda. aRdgomis dros SeiZleba

rame kerZi, saWmeli damzaddes.

l dRevandeli gadasaxedidan rogor fiqrobT, qarTveli xarT, Tu qisti?

– marTalia imereli var modgmiT, magram amJamad qisti var. pasportSi ki mi-

weria qarTveli, magram laparaki, zne-Cveuleba, adaT-wesebi, yvelanairi miqcev-

moqceva, gaTxov-gamoTxoveba yvelaferi mahmadianuri wesis mixedviT gvaqvs.

am xalxma unda damkrZalos da damasaflavos.

interviu Caiwera l. margoSvilma, 2009 wlis 15 oqtomberi.

davaleba 2:

1. axseni, wyaro 4-is safuZvelze, ras efuZneba qristianebisa da muslimebis urTierToba sofel joyoloSi?

a) Seadare wyaro 4-is interviuebi da daadgine ra naTesauri kavSiria lado da vaxtang cxadaZeebs Soris?

b) riT axsni pankiseli qistebis mier miRebul gadawyvetilebas _ SeinarCunon winaparTa sarwmunoeba an piriqiT, miiRon axali sarwmunoeba?

2. Camoayalibe kavkasiis xalxebis saerTo wes-Cveulebebisa da mentalitetis Camoyalibebis mizezebi.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: eTnikuri, religiuri da enobrivi siWrele – kavkasiuri kulturis simdidrea Tu problemebis wyaro?

ojaxi

58 15. espaneli bebiis istoria

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca saqarTvelo samSoblod espaneTidan evakuirebuli bavSvebisaTvis?

wyaro 1. vikipedia francisko frankos Sesaxeb

1936 wlis 18 ivliss espaneTSi daiwyo samoqalaqo omi. msxvili qalaqebis umrav-lesobaSi saxalxo frontis winaaRmdeg samxedroebma frankos meTaurobiT moawyes amboxeba, Sedegad ̀ swrafi gamarjveba~ ver ganxorcielda. orive mxarem daiwyo ̀ ar-aswor mxares moxvedrili~ Tavisi politikuri mowinaaRmdegeebis daxvreta.

vikipedia, francisko franko

wyaro 2. qarTuli presa espaneTis movlenebis Sesaxeb

germaneli da italieli faSistebi espaneTSi Sevidnen espaneli faSistebis dasaxmareblad.

gazeTi `komunisti~, agvisto, 1936 w.

davaleba 1:xazi gausvi wyaroebSi 1 da 2 im istoriul movlenebs, romlebmac frankos

reJimis mowinaaRmdegeebs samSoblos datoveba aiZula.

wyaro 3. didi sabWoTa enciklopedia espaneTis movlenebis Sesaxeb

mTel msoflioSi gaCaRda espanel respublikelTa solidarobis moZraoba. ssr kavSirma espaneTis respublikas aRmouCina mravalmxrivi daxmareba. icavda espaneli xalxis interesebs `erTa ligaSi~, gzavnida espaneTSi sakveb pro-duqtebs, aseve sxvadasxva saxis SeiaraRebas. espaneTSi ibrZoda 2000-ze meti sabWoTa moxalise, ZiriTadad tankistebi da mfrinavebi.

didi sabWoTa enciklopedia, t.10, gv.504, sveti 1500.

wyaro 4. skp(b) ck-is* politbiuros dadgenileba, oqmi #51, 1937, 5 agvisto:

miviRoT asturieli [espaneTis erT-erTi regioni _red.] bavSvebi _ 1000 ada-miani. bavSvebis miRebis organizacia daevalos amx. eJovs**.

i.b. stalini

wyaro 5. ssrk saxkomsabWos 1937 wlis 16 seqtembris dadgenileba

1. espaneli bavSvebis ganTavsebis, aRzrdisa da swavlebis, administraciul-sameurneo momsaxurebis mTeli samuSao daekisros saxkomsabWos, saxkomebis piradi pasuxismgeblobiT

2. samedicino momsaxureba dawesebulebebisa, sadac imyofebian espaneli bav-Svebi, daevalos ssr kavSiris jandacvis saxalxo komisariats

3. araugvianes 15 oqtombrisa espaneli bavSvebis adgilsamyofeli, romelic ar See-sabameba saswavlo miznebs, Seicvalos amisaTvis gankuTvnili dawesebulebebiT.

ssrk-is narkomsabWos Tavmjdomare molotovi

davaleba 2:gansazRvre, wyaroebis 3-5 mixedviT, ra daxmarebas uwevda sabWoTa kavSiri

respublikur espaneTs, ra iyo am daxmarebis mizezebi da miznebi?

* skp(b) ck _ sakavSiro komunisturi partiis (bolSevikebisa) centraluri komiteti.** nikoloz eJovi _ sabWoTa saxelmwifo da politikuri moRvawe.

ojaxi

59wyaro 6. espaneli bavSvebisa da pedagogebis erT-erTi pirveli nakadi

saerTaSoriso pionerTa banakSi (arteki, ukraina)

luis fernandesi, pir-vel rigSi marcxnidan meoTxe. mogvianebiT igi cxovrobda da moRvawe-obda saqarTveloSi.

davaleba 3:ivaraude, wyaro 6-is mixedviT, rogor grZnobdnen espaneli bavSvebi Tavs

sabWoTa kavSirSi.

wyaro 7. espaneli bebiis Tavgadasavali

dedaCemis deda, tereza sagarsasu garmendia, daibada espaneTSi. misi mama nikasio sagarsasu gem `pilaios~ kapitani iyo. mas mWidro kavSiri hqonda ko-munistur dajgufebasTan. 1936 wels igi frankistebma daxvrites, xolo deda _ xosefina garmendia, RvTis wyalobiT, gadarCa. mas sami Svili darCa. 1937 wels daiwyo espaneTidan bavSvebis evakuacia. bebiaCemi da misi da-Zma jer safran-geTSi, xolo iqidan gemiT `feliqs ZerJinskiT~ leningradSi aRmoCndnen.Ameo-re msoflio omis dros bavSvebi leningradis blokadaSi moyvnen. blokadis Semdeg bavSvebis nawili taSkentSi gadaiyvanes. aq erTi weli maT safeiqro saqmes aswavlidnen. am periodSi TbilisSi gaixsna sarTav-satrikotaJo kombinati. bebia-Cemi, misi da-Zma da sxva espanelebi, daaxloebiT 40-50-mde axalgazrda, kombinatSi samuSaod gagzavnes. konbinatSi bebiaCemma gaicno papaCemi _ gaioz aleqsandres Ze laliaSvili. maT SeuRleba gadawyvites.

bebiaCemis sityvebidan vici, rom is moxvda araCveulebriv qarTul tradi-ciul ojaxSi, sadac mas didi siyvaruliTa da siTboTi Sexvdnen. aq iswavla man qarTuli ena da siyvaruli samSoblos mimarT. is Tavis samSoblod saqarTve-los miiCnevda da sul ambobda: `netav yvela qarTvels ise uyvardes saqarTve-lo, rogorc me~.

1952 wels espaneTis radiom gamoacxada sabWoTa kavSirSi gadayvanili cocxlad gadarCenili espaneli bavSvebis gvarebi. xozefina garmendiam mxo-lod maSin Seityo, rom misi samive Svili gadarCa. mas Semdeg Svilebis Zebna daiwyo da mxolod 1967 wels SeZlo maTTvis xmis miwvdena.

interviu anuki maCaiZesTan, tereza sagarsasu garmendias SviliSvilTan, Caiwera naira mamukelaSvilma, 2010 wlis 20 maisi.

davaleba 4:1. axseni, wyaroebis 1-7 safuZvelze, rogor moxvdnen tereza sagarsasu garmen-

dia da misi Tanamemamuleebi saqarTveloSi?2. Seadgine yvela im movlenis qronologiuri cxrili, romlebic tereza sa-

garsasu garmendias beds Seexo.3. Camowere is uaryofiTi da dadebiTi movlenebi, romlebmac terezas bedi

gansazRvra.

ojaxi

60wyaro 8. bavSvebis evakuacia espaneTidan sabWoTa kavSirSi 1937 wels

davaleba 5:

miuTiTe rukaze tereza sagarsasu garmendiasa da misi Tanamemamuleebis

marSrutis ZiriTadi punqtebi.

ჩრდილოეთის

ზღვა

ხმ

ელ

თა

შ

უა

 ზ

ღვ

ა

შავი ზღვა

კასპიის

ზღვა

ბა

ლტიი

ს ზღვა

მოსკოვი

ტაშკენტი

მადრიდისა

ფრ

ანგე

თი

დიდ

იბრ

იტან

ეთი

ირლ

ანდ

ია

გერ

მანი

ა

დან

ია

ბელ

გია

ნიდ

ერლ

ანდ

ები

პოლ

ონე

თი

ესტ

ონე

თი

ფინ

ეთი

შვე

დეთ

ი

ნორ

ვეგი

ა

ლატ

ვია

ლიტ

ვა

უნგ

რეთ

ი

იუგო

სლავ

ია

რუ

მინე

თი

რს

ფს

რ

ბულ

გარ

ეთი

საბე

რძნ

ეთი

თუ

რქ

ეთ

ი

ალბა

ნეთ

ი

ავსტ

რია

შვე

იცარ

ია

ჩეხო

სლო

ვაკი

ა

პორტუგალია

თბილისი

სან­სებასტიანი

ლენინგრადი

ესპან

ეთ

ი

უზ

ბე

კე

თი

ს ს

სრ

უკ

რა

ინ

ის

სს

რყ

აზ

ახ

ეთ

ის

ს

სრ

მო

ლდ

.ს

სრ

ბე

ლო

რუ

სი

ის

სს

რ

თუ

რქ

მე

ნე

თი

ს

სს

რ

იტ

ა

ლი

ა

ტა

ჯი

კე

თი

სს

სრ

ყირ

გიზე

თის

სსრ

პი

რო

ბი

თი

აღ

ნი

შვ

ნე

ბი

ქალაქი

ფრანკოს რეჟიმი ესპანეთში

რესპუბლიკელები ესპანეთში

ესპანელი ბავშვების ევაკუაციის

მარშრუტი ზღვით

ესპანელი ბავშვების გადაადგილება

საბჭოთა კავშირის ტერიტორიაზე

სსრკ

დედაქალაქი

ბავშ

ვები

ს ევ

აკუ

აცია

ესპ

ანეთ

იდან

საბჭ

ოთ

ა კა

ვშირ

ში

1937

წელ

ს

ojaxi

61wyaro 9. „qarTveli espanelebi“

sarTav-satrikotaJo kombinatSi bevri espaneli muSaobda. umravlesobam Sereu-li ojaxi Seqmna. saqarTveloSi kargad cnobili momRerali xose suaresi erT-erTi aseTi Sereuli espanur-qarTuli ojaxis Svilia. igi qarTul filmSic iyo gadaRebuli ansambl „mziuris“ bavSvebTan erTad. rodesac kombinatSi raime Ro-nisZieba imarTeboda, espanelebi aqtiur monawileobas iRebdnen. dario suaressa da luis fernandess vokaluri dueti hqondaT Camoyalibebuli da espanur simRe-rebs asrulebdnen. qarTul filmSi _ `Rimilis biWebi~ _ erT-erT epizodSi maTi simRera `bandera roxa~ JRers. luis fernandesi mxatvari iyo. igi kombinatis kulturis saxlSi bavSvebs xatvas aswavlida, misi aRsazrdelebi xSirad gamofe-nebsac marTavdnen. amave dros, igi multiplikatoric iyo. misi Seqmnilia cnobili multiplikaciuri filmi `o, moda, moda~. tereza sagarsasu, romelic espaneTis komunisturi partiis wevri iyo da uSualo kontaqti hqonda espaneTis kompartiis liderTan dolores ibarurisTan, espanur saTvistomos xelmZRvanelobda. ̀ qarTve-li espanelebi~, rogorc maT uwodebdnen, xSirad ikribebodnen ojaxebTan erTad.

interviu lamara WanWaleiSvilTan, sarTav-satrikotaJo kombinatis yofil Tanam-SromelTan, Caiwera naira mamukelaSvilma, 2009 wlis 1 seqtemberi.

wyaro 10. tereza sagarsasu espa-nuri saTvistomos Sekre-

baze

wyaro 11. 2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdeg

2008 wlis agvistoSi, rodesac rusul-qarTuli konfliqti daiwyo, telefonze damireka Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis espanuri enis profesorma adela martinesma. man miTxra, rom espaneTis saelCos gadawyvetilebiT saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela espaneli Tavisi memkvidreebiT, sarkozis TviTmfrinaviT safran-geTSi, xolo iqidan espaneTSi unda gadaeyvanaT. saaTnaxevarSi ukve aeroportSi viyaviT, xolo or saaTSi parizSi. Tvenaxevari bilbaoSi vcxovrobdiT. espaneTis mTavroba yvelanair pirobebs gvTavazobda, gvaZlevdnen binas, gviniSnavdnen did pensiebs. dedaCemi daJinebiT moiTxovda saqarTveloSi dabrunebas. misi argumente-bi iyo: verasodes ver vuRalateb im xalxis suls, vinc mimiRo, gamzarda da pi-rovnebad Camomayaliba. saqarTvelo CemTvis meore ki ara, pirveli samSobloa. 2008 wlis seqtembris bolos ukve saqarTveloSi viyaviT, xolo 2009 wlis 30 ivniss deda gardaicvala.

interviu marina laliaSvilTan, tereza sagarsasus qaliSvilTan, Caiwera naira mamukelaSvilma, 2010 wlis 5 maisi.

davaleba 6:1. dasaxele, wyaroebis 7, 9, 10-is mixedviT, ra saqmianobas eweodnen tereza

sagarsasu da misi Tanamemamuleebi saqarTveloSi?2. axseni, wyaroebis 7-11 mixedviT, ratom Tvlida tereza sagarsasu saqarTve-

los Tavis samSoblod?

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: romel istoriul movlenebs SeuZlia gavlenis moxdena calkeuli adamianebis bedze?

ojaxi

62 16. eTnokonfliqtebi

da bavSvebi

sakvanZo kiTxva: 1990-iani wlebis ra istoriulma movlenebma iqonia gavlena bavSvebis cxovrebis pirobebze saqarTveloSi?

wyaro 1. daarqvi saxeli!

sur. 1

sur. 2

davaleba 1:

1. ganixile fotosuraTebze gamosaxuli bavSvebis cxovrebis yvela detali.2. moifiqre fotosuraTebis saTaurebi.

ojaxi

63wyaro 2. konfliqtis regionebidan devnili bavSvebis bedi

a) Teo, osi, 17 wlis

eqvs wlamde ojaxSi vizrdebodi. samaCabloSi eTnokonfliqtis Semdeg sax-

li dagvewva. mama konfliqtis dros dameRupa. male dedac momikvda.Mmere quCaSi

aRmovCndi. erTma qalma amiyvana Svilad da mzrdida. mas zaira dedas veZaxi. is

rom ara, axla quCaSi viqnebodi.

b) vaso, rusi, 11 wlis

afxazeTis konfliqtis Semdeg mSoblebs avcdi, bavSvTa saxlSi mimiyvanes,

mogvianebiT gairkva, rom dedaCemi, warmoSobiT rusi, ruseTSi gamgzavrebula,

mamaCemma ki sxva colo SeirTo. bavSvTa saxls ver Sevegue da gavipare. amJamad

quCaSi vcxovrob amxanagebTan erTad. erT mitovebul saxlSi vaTev Rames. iq

deni da gaTboba ar aris. Ffuls bazrobaze vSoulob. xan tvirTs vezidebi,

xanac vqurdob.

g) ana, qarTveli, 16 wlis

rva wlis viyavi, rodesac Cemi ojaxi iZulebuli iyo Tavisi sacxovrebeli

adgili daetovebina. mamaCemi qarTvelia, deda ki afxazi myavs. rodesac dedam

mamas Tavis naTesavebTan gadasvla SesTavaza, mamam uari ganacxada da sxva

ltolvilebTan erTad umZimesi gziT TbilisSi Camosvla mogvixda. sanam binas

mogvcemdnen, TbilisSi raRac mitovebul SenobaSi mogvixda cxovreba, sadac

Suqic ki ar iyo. mamas didxans ar hqonda mudmivi samuSao, deda ki fiqrobda,

rom radgan erovnebiT afxazia, saqarTveloSi mas samuSaos aravin miscems da

arc ucdia misi moZebna. maxsovs erTxans imdenad gagviWirda, rom saskolo

wignebic ki ver miyides da mTeli Tve uwignod davdiodi skolaSi. Cemi asakis

nacnobebic ar gvyavda TbilisSi, rom wignebi vinmes eTxovebina.

gazeTi ,,alia~, 2005 weli, 23-25 ivlisi

d) nino, qarTveli, 12 wlis

mama afxazeTis omSi dameRupa. deda saberZneTSi gaemgzavra samuSaos saZeb-

nelad. Mavadmyof bebiasTan erTad marto vcxovrob. vpatronob mas. ojaxSi

yvelafers me vakeTeb. rodesac bebia cudad aris, Rameebsac vaTeneb. amis gamo

skolasac xSirad vacden.

interviu Caiwera m. kirvaliZem,…2009 wlis 6 maisi.

davaleba 2.

1. wyaroSi 2 a, b, g, d: a) xazi gausvi winadadebebs, romlebic am bavSvebis mdgomareobis mizezebze

metyvelebs. b) ganixile bavSvebis yoveldRiuri cxovreba.

2. imsjele Semdeg sakiTxebze: a) ra aris saerTo am mozardebis biografiaSi? b) rogor SeiZleba daexmaros sazogadoeba da saxelmwifo eTnokonfliqte-

bis Sedegad dazaralebul bavSvebs?

ojaxi

64wyaro 3. bavSvTa soflis* mcxovreblebis istoria

a) manana, 9 wlis omSi mamis gardacvalebis Semdeg ukve 6 welia, rac bavSvTa sofelSi vcxov-

rob. aq dedam 3 wlis asakSi momiyvana. oTxi da myavs. isini Cemze ufrosebi arian da dedasTan cxovroben. deda xSirad makiTxavs. bavSvTa sofelSi CemTan erTad erT ojaxSi cxovroben sxvadasxva erovnebis bavSvebi. skolaSi erTad davdivarT. Cemi sayvareli sagania maTematika. Tavisufal dros vTamaSob, ver-Tobi, xan televizors vuyureb.

b) giorgi, 12 wlis6 wlis viyavi, rodesac babuam bavSvTa sofelSi momiyvana. mSoblebi gar-

dacvlili myavs, babuac gardamecvala da axla deida makiTxavs xolme. Aaq, ojaxSi Svidni vcxovrobT: sami da, sami Zma da deda. Nnamdvili da-Zma ar myavs. davdivar skolaSi. yvelaze metad maTematika miyvars. Aroca Tavisufali dro maqvs, xan kompiuters vTamaSob, xan fexburTs da teniss. Mminda momavalSi arqi-teqtori gavxde. vawyobT sxvadasxva RonisZiebebs. AbavSvTa sofelSi modian stumrebi sxvadasxva qveynebidan da agreTve qarTuli kompaniebidan. Zalian kmayofili var aq cxovrebiT.M

interviu Caiwera m. kirvaliZem,…2009 wlis 17 aprili.

davaleba 3:1. daasaxele, wyaro 3-is mixedviT, vin daexmara dazaralebul bavSvebs?2. axseni, ratom unda iyos dainteresebuli saxelmwifo da sazogadoeba mo-

zardi Taobis problemebis gadawyvetiT?3. ganixileT sakiTxi, vin unda izrunos dazaralebul mozardebze: a) saxelmwifom; b) sazogadoebam. g) ipoveT argumentebi wyaroSi 3.

wyaro 4. kanonebi bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb

a) ,,bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia’’

muxli 20bavSvs, romelic droebiT an mudmivad moklebulia ojaxur garemos anda mi-

sive interesebidan gamomdinare, ar SeiZleba darCes aseT garemoSi, ufleba aqvs sargeblobdes saxelmwifos gansakuTrebuli mfarvelobiTa da daxmarebiT;

muxli 6, 24, 26, 31konvenciis monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom yvela bavSvs aqvs: gan-

viTarebis, socialuri usafrTxoebis, sacxovreblis, samedicino momsaxurebiT sargeblobis, ganaTlebis, informirebulobis, TamaSis, dasvenebis, Zalebis aR-dgenis, kulturul cxovrebaSi monawileobis ufleba.

* bavSvTa sofeli _ saerTaSoriso saqvelmoqmedo organizacia, romelic saqarTveloSi 1989 wels daarsda. 2011 wlisTvis 2 bavSvTa sofeli funqcio-nirebda.

ojaxi

65muxli 27

monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben yvela bavSvis uflebas uzrunvelyofili iyos cxovrebis iseTi doniT, romelic aucilebelia misi fizikuri, gonebrivi, sulieri, zneobrivi da socialuri ganviTarebisaTvis.

b) saqarTvelos konstitucia, Tavi II _ saqarTvelos moqalaqeoba. Aadamianis

ZiriTadi uflebani da Tavisufleba M

muxli 35yvelas aqvs ganaTlebis miRebisa da misi formis arCevis ufleba. dawyebiTi

da sabazo ganaTleba savaldebuloa. Mmoqalaqeebs ufleba aqvT kanoniT dad-genili wesiT da gansazRvrul farglebSi saxelmwifo saswavlebelSi miiRon saSualo, profesiuli da umaRlesi ganaTleba.

g) kanoni zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb

muxli 3saqarTveloSi zogadi ganaTlebis sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis ZiriTadi

miznebia: a) moswavlis erovnuli da zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis mqone, Tavisu-

fal pirovnebad CamoyalibebisaTvis saWiro pirobebis Seqmna;b) moswavlis gonebrivi da fizikuri unar-Cvevebis ganviTareba, aucilebeli

codniT uzrunvelyofa...

muxli 22saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs sruli zogadi ganaTlebis miRebas. moswavlis

ganaTlebis saxelmwifo dafinanseba zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaSi grZeldeba 12 wlis ganmavlobaSi.

davaleba 4:

1. Seusabame wyaroebSi 1, 2, 3 miTiTebuli magaliTebi im dokumentebs, rom-lebic wyaroSi 4 (a, b, g) aris mocemuli.

2. daadgine am uflebebidan, romeli xorcieldeboda eTnokonfliqtebis Sede-gad dazaralebul bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT?

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena iqonia 1990-iani wlebis eT-nokonfliqtebma saqarTveloSi bavSvebis bedze?

migracia

66 17. `gayofili lukma~

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogor cxovrobdnen erTad qarTvelebi da ukrainelebi saqarTveloSi 1930-40-ian wlebSi?

wyaro 1. ukrainaSi SimSilis Sesaxeb

1932 weli ukrainaSi saocrad gvalviani iyo. yvelaferi ganadgurda, rasac mom-devno wels eniT auwereli SimSiloba mohyva. SimSils Seewira aTasobiT ukraine-lis sicocxle. man imsxverpla Cemi 28 wlis dedac, sxva axloblebi. adamianebi iZulebuli gaxdnen mietovebinaT mSobliuri adgilebi da SimSilisagan xsnis gza sxvagan eZebnaT. bevri maTgani maSin saqarTveloSi Camovida, maT Soris, Cvenc _ ma-maCveni da sami mcirewlovani bavSvi. nikolaevidan Tbomavalma foTSi Camogviyvana. SimSilisagan daosebulebs siaruli ar SegveZlo, gemidan sakaciT gadmogviyvanes. qarTvelebma dagvayenes fexze, ukanasknel lukmas gviyofdnen, binac migviCines.

Uukraineli Jurnalistis mixeil gluSCenkos naambobi. gazeTi `Tbilisi,~ 1990 w., 8 maisi.

wyaro 2. meore msoflio omis dros evakuaciis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos mcxovrebTa raodenoba meore msoflio omis periodisaTvis sagrZnoblad gaizarda, faSisturi germaniis mier okupirebuli ukrainisa Tu centraluri ruseTis raionebidan ltolvili mosaxleobis xarjze. saqarTve-lom Seikedla frontispira zonidan evakuirebuli mravali sabavSvo saxli. qarTulma ojaxebma iSviles upatronod darCenili rusi, ukraineli, belorusi Tu sxva erovnebis aseulobiT mozardi.

o. janeliZe, saqarTvelos axali da Tanamedrove istoria, Tb., 2009, gv. 176.

wyaro 3. saxelmwifos RonisZiebebi frontispira zonebidan mosaxleo-bis evakuaciis Sesaxeb

ssr kavSir-germanias Soris omis dawyebidan axlo xanebSi faSistebis samxe-dro warmatebebma aucilebeli gaxada frontispira zonidan mosaxleobis, sam-rewvelo sawarmoebis, zogierTi dawesebulebis, mza produqciis, nedleulisa da sxva faseulobaTa evakuacia aRmosavleTis raionebSi.

1941 wlis 24 ivniss, sak. kp (b) centraluri komitetisa da saxkomsabWos dadge-nilebiT, Seiqmna evakuaciis sabWo l. kaganoviCis TavmjdomareobiT. imave wlis 26 seqtembers evakuaciis sabWosTan Camoyalibda mosaxleobis evakuaciis sammarTve-lo. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos saxkomsabWosTan daarsda respublikis teritori-aze evakuirebuli mosaxleobis daxmarebis mudmivi komisia, specialuri saevakua-cio sammarTvelo da sxva adgilobrivi struqturebi. 1942 wlis noemberSi Seiqmna saqarTveloSi evakuirebuli ojaxebis dabinavebis mTavrobis komisia.

e. kupataZe, evakuirebuli samrewvelo sawarmoebis, dawesebulebebisa da mosaxleobis miReba da ganlageba saqarTveloSi sabWoTa kavSiris didi samamulo omis periodSi.

1941-1945 ww, Tb., 1978, gv. 14-17, 68.

wyaro 4. evakuirebulebis cxovrebis Sesaxeb

omi rom daiwyo 6 wlis viyavi. deda ukraineli myavda, mama _ rusi, ami tom pataraobidanve vicodi rusulica da ukrainulic. mamaCemi 1941 wlis ivnisidanve frontze imyofeboda. roca Cemi soflidan mosaxleobis evakuacia ganxorciel-

migracia

67da me da dedaCemi CvenTvis sruliad ucxo garemoSi, saqarTveloSi CamovediT da maxaraZis raionis sofel SromaSi aRmovCndiT.

deda male Caeba aqauri kolmeurneobis muSaobaSi. me maSin saskolo asaki ar mqonda, sofelSi ki sabavSvo baRi jerac ar arsebobda, ris gamoc, xSirad, im ojaxSi moxuc bebia anikosTan vrCebodi, romelmac Cven Segvikedla.

me qarTuli ar mesmoda, bebias _ Cemi ena. mezoblad Cemi asakis gogo cxov-robda, saTamaSod gadmodioda, magram erTmaneTs bevrs verafers vagebinebdiT da ufro metad gabutulebiviT viyaviT. Cveni urTierTobis ena, sanam salapa-rako qarTuls viswavlidi, Rimili iyo.

interviu Tbilisis mcxovreb genadi petrenkosTan, 75 wlis, pensioneri,

Caiwera oTar janeliZem, 2010 wlis 8 ianvari.

wyaro 5. evakuirebulebi foTSi

q. foTma omis dros aTasobiT evakuirebuli miiRo, ZiriTadad, odesidan, sevas topolidan, nikolaevidan da sxv. qalaqi patara iyo. yvelas dabinaveba sax-elmwifo nagebobebSi SeuZlebeli aRmoCnda da xelmZRvanelobam mimarTa kerZo saxlebis mflobelT, SeekedlebinaT es adamianebi. isini didi gulisxmierebiT gamoexmaurnen am Txovnas. qalaqSi ar darCenila arc erTi, TviT patara xis saxlic ki, sadac ar CaesaxlebinaT evakuirebulni. patara samoTaxian sax-lSi, CvenTan erTad cxovrobda samxedro mosamsaxuris pavle SevCenkos ojaxi. vcxovrobdiT simWidroveSi, magram rogorc erTi ojaxi.

eqim venera jobavas mogonebidan: Jurnali `Русский клуб,~ Тб., 2008, #5, gv. 12.

davaleba 1:

1. amowere wyaroebidan 1-5 is sityvebi/frazebi, romlebic asaxavs 1930-40-ian wlebSi ukrainelTa saqarTveloSi migraciis mizezebs.

2. xazi gausvi wyaroebSi 1-5 frazebs, romlebic gamoxatavs qarTuli mosax-leobis damokidebulebas evakuirebuli ukrainelebis mimarT.

3. airCie erTi romelime fraza, romliTac SeiZleba am samuSao furclis dasaTaureba.

4. Seavse cxrili im informaciis gamoyenebiT, romelic wyaroebidan 1-5 miiRe.

ukrainelTa saqarTveloSi migraciis mizezebi (miuTiTe wyaros nomeri)

saerTo siZneleebi, romelsac awydebodnen evakuirebuli ukrainelebi da saqarTvelos

danarCeni mosaxleoba

1930-iani ww 1940-iani ww wyaroSi miTiTebuli Seni azriT, savaraudo

migracia

68wyaro 6. bavSvebis evakuacia

....1942 wlis noembrisaTvis saqarTveloSi aRricxuli iyo 4452 evakuirebuli udedmamo bavSvi. unda vivaraudoT, rom mSoblebTan da naTesavebTan erTad, saqarTveloSi evakuirebuli bavSvebis raodenoba aTjer mainc aRemateboda udedmamod evakuirebuli bavSvebis ricxvs. ...marto 1941-1942 wlebSi qarTul skolebTan 50 klasi gaixsna evakuirebuli bavSvebisaTvis.

e. kupataZe, dasaxelebuli naSromi, gv. 98.

wyaro 7. saqarTvelos statistikuri sammarTvelos monacemebi 1941-1942 wlebSi saqarTveloSi evakuirebuli samxedro mosamsaxureTa ojaxis wevrebis Sesaxeb

# TariRi

samxedro mosamsaxureTa ojaxis wevrebi, romlebic evakuirebuli iyvnen saqarTveloSi (aTasobiT)

frontispira qalaqe-bidan

frontispira soflis raionebidan

sul

1 1941 w. dekembrisaTvis 25 5 30

2 1942 w. 1 ianvrisaTvis 27 7 34

3 1942 w. 1 TebervlisaTvis 31 11 42

4 1942 w. 1 martisaTvis 32 11 43

5 1942 w. 1 aprilisaTvis 32 11 43

6 1942 w. 1 maisisaTvis 28 9 37

7 1942 w. 1 ivnisisaTvis 25 7 32

8 1942 w. 1 agvistosaTvis 24 7 31

saqarTvelos uaxlesi istoriis saxelmwifo arqivi, fondi 334, anaw. 2, saqm. #45, furc. 44, 46, 60, 77, 82, 98, 115.

wyaro 8. mosaxleobis evakuacia frontis zurgSi, 1941 w.

http://www.yk.kz/news/show/4475http://rtemes.livejournal.com/11661.

davaleba 2.

1. daiTvale, ramdeni evakuirebuli Camovida 1942 wlis 1 agvistosaTvis saqarTveloSi?

2. ivaraude wyaroebis 6-8 mixedviT, ra gavle nas moaxdenda evakuaciis mas-Stabebi saqarTvelos mosaxleobis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze?

v. podSivailovis foto

migracia

69

wyaro 9. ukrainidan evakuirebulTa gansaxleba saqarTveloSi 1941-1945 wlebSi

davaleba 3:

1. rukis mixedviT daadgine:

a) saqarTvelos romel qalaqebSi iyrida Tavs ukrainidan evakuirebuli mosaxleoba?

b) romel punqtebSi daasaxles evakuirebuli ojaxebi?

g) bavSvTa romel saxlebSi daabinaves evakuirebuli bavSvebi, daadgineT am dawesebulebebis raodenoba;

2. dawere mokle werili foTSi evakuirebuli Seni ukraineli Tanatolis saxeliT, romlis gagzavna mas Tavis megobrebTan an naTesavebTan surs.

3. gaarkvie, cxovroben Tu ara Sens mSobliur qalaqSi an sofelSi evakuire-buli ukrainelebis STamomavlebi.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aris samuSao furclis saTauris gzavnili?

beTania

quTaisi

kojori

s o m x e T i s s s r

s a q a r T v e l o s s s r

rs

f

s

r

a z e r b a i j

an

is

s

sr

პ ი რ ო ბ ი თ ი ა ღ ნ ი შ ვ ნ ე ბ ი

სსჽკ

ევაკუა�იის პუნქ�ები

ევაკუიჽებულთა განსახლებისადგილები

ევაკუიჽებულთა საბავშვოსახლები

უკრაინიდან ევაკუირებულთა განსახლებასაქართველოში 1941-1945 წლებში

ozurgeTi gori

migracia

70 18. mudmivad samSoblos ZiebaSi

(mesxeTidan deportirebulebi)

sakvanZo SekiTxva: ratom `eZeben~ dRemde deportirebuli mesxebi TavianT samSoblos?

davaleba 1:daiyaviT sam jgufad:

pirveli jgufi _ saxelmwifo struqturebi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi.

meore jgufi _ deportirebuli mesxebi

mesame jgufi _ saqarTvelos sazogadoeba

gaecaniT Tqveni jgufisTvis gankuTvnili wyaroebis pakets da moawyeT mrgva-li magida-diskusia Temaze: ̀ deportirebuli mesxebi samSoblos mudmiv ZiebaSi~.

wyaroebi jgufisaTvis 1. saxelmwifo struqturebi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi

wyaro 1.1. deportaciis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos ssr-is TurqeTTan mosazRvre raionebSi cxovrobs Turquli mosax-

leoba. wlebis ganmavlobaSi, am mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani nawili, romelic

naTesaur kavSirSia TurqeTis mosazRvre raionebis mcxovreblebTan, amJRavnebs

emigraciul ganwyobas, eweva kontrabandas da TanamSromlobs TurqeTis dazverv-

asTan agentebis gadmobirebisa da bandituri jgufebis SeqmnisaTvis.

saqarTvelos ssr monakveTze ssrk-is sazRvris dacvis gaZlirebis mizniT,

sabWoTa kavSiris Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariati mizanSewonilad mi-

iCnevs gadaasaxlos axalcixis, adigenis, aspinZis, axalqalaqis, bogdanovkis

raionebidan da aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis zogierTi sasoflo sabWodan

Turqebis, qurTebis da xemSilebis 16700 ojaxi, sul 86 000 suli yazaxeTis, uz-

bekeTisa da yirgizeTis ssr-Si.

l. berias* werili stalins,

#789/6, 24 ivlisi, 1944 weli.

* lavrenti beria _ ssrk-is Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisari.

migracia

71wyaro 1.2. sabWoTa kavSiris dros gamocemuli brZanebulebebi

TariRi organo maregulirebeli aqti SeniSvna

1956 w. 28 apri-li

ssrk-is uze-naesi sabWos prezidiumis brZanebule-ba #135/142, muxli@2.

„specgadasaxlebasTan dakavSirebuli SezRudvebis moxsna yirimeli TaTrebis, balkarebis, Turqebis – ssrk-is moqalaqeebi, qurTebis, xemSileb-isa da maTi ojaxis wevrebisaTvis, rom-lebic gadasaxlebulni iyvnen didi sama-mulo omis dros”.

1987 w. 8 dekem-beri

saqarTvelos ministrTa sabWos dadgenileba #600

„1987-1988 wlebSi saqarTvelos ssr-Si mesxTa im ojaxebis organizebuli Camosa-xlebis Sesaxeb, romelTac survili aqvT mudmivad sacxovreblad Camovidnen saqar-TveloSi sxva mokavSire respublikebidan~

1991 w.7 marti

ssrk-is uze-naesi sabWos dadgenileba, muxli@2

sakanonmdeblo aqtebis gauqmebis Sesaxeb ssrk-is umaRlesi sabWos 1989 wlis 14 noembris deklaraciis _ „iZulebiT ga-dasaxlebuli xalxebis winaaRmdeg mima-rTuli represiuli aqtebis, ukanonod da danaSaulebrivad cnobisa da xalxebis uflebebiT uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb”_ safuZvelze.

gauqmdes:1956 wlis 28 aprilis brZanebu-leba, muxli@2;

http://reksin.ru/news/news040406.shtml.html; http://kpd.nvrsk.ru/bib/tm/4-07-03.htm; http://www.cidct.org.ua/uk/publications/deport2/235.html (Targmani rusulidan).

wyaro 1.3. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg ganxorcielebuli RonisZiebebi

Tari-Ri

organo maregulire- beli aqti

SeniSvna

18 maisi,1993 w.

saqarTvelos meTauris e.SevardnaZis gankargu-leba #106

TbilisSi, deportirebuli mesxebis STamomavlebisaTvis, Seiqmna qarTuli enisa da saqarTvelos istoriis adaptaciis centri.

1994 w. daarsda repatriaciis samsaxuri, rogorc saxelmwifo struqtura.

dekem-beri,1996 w.

saqarTvelos prezidentis e.SevardnaZis brZanebuleba

„saqarTveloSi deportirebuli da repatrirebuli mesxebis samarTlebrivi da socialuri problemebis gadaWris saxelmwifo programis damtkicebis Sesaxeb“

... samcxe-javaxeTidan ... gasaxlebuli qarTvelebis eTnocidi, ganxorcielda maTi deportaciis gziT ssrk-Si maSin arsebuli reJimis mier, radgan saqarTvelos ssr-s ar hqonda realuri suvereniteti.damoukidebeli demokratiuli saqarTvelo miznad isaxavs dasaxelebuli mosaxleobis gaTelili uflebebis reabilitacias maTi repatraciisa da eTnocidis Sedegebis TandaTanobiTi aRmofxvris gziT.

http://www.ca-c.org/journal/cac-02-1999/st_19_mamulija.shtml

migracia

72wyaro 1.4. saqarTvelos valdebulebebi evrosabWos mimarT

¾ 1999 w. 27 ianvari _ evropis sabWos saparlamento asambleis mosazreba #209

valdebulebebi:

II. e: y miRebul iqnas samarTlebrivi baza, romelic dauSvebs deportirebuli

mesxi mosaxleobis repatriaciasa da integracias (gawevrianebidan ori

wlis ganmavlobaSi);

y daiwyos repatriaciis da integraciis procesi (gawevrianebidan sami wlis

ganmavlobaSi);

y dasruldes mesxi mosaxleobis repatriaciis procesi (gawevrianebidan

Tormeti wlis ganmavlobaSi).

¾ 1999 w. 27 aprili _ saqarTvelo gawevrianda evropis sabWoSi;

http://www.msa.gov.ge http://www.portal.coe.ge

wyaro 1.5. kanoni repatriaciis Sesaxeb

muxli 1. am kanonis mizania yofili ssrk-is mier XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi

saqarTvelos ssr-idan iZulebiT gadasaxlebul pirTa da maT STamomavalTa

saqarTveloSi dabrunebisaTvis samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis Seqmna. am kanoniT

dadgenili repatriaciis sistema efuZneba istoriuli samarTlianobis aRdgenas,

Rirseuli da nebayoflobiTi dabrunebis principebs da iTvaliswinebs etapobriv

repatriacias.

muxli 3. repatriantis statusis mosapoveblad Sesabamisi ganacxadis

wardgenis uflebis mqone pirebi

muxli 8. repatriantis statusis miniWeba

muxli 9. saqarTvelos moqalaqeobis miReba repatriantis statusis safuZvelze

muxli 10. repatriantis statusis SeCereba da Sewyveta.

saqarTvelos kanoni. yofili ssrk-is mier XX saukunis 40-ian wlebSi saqarTvelos

ssr-dan iZulebiT gadasaxlebul pirTa repatriaciis Sesaxeb #5261 – rs

(2007 wlis 11 ivlisi)

migracia

73wyaroebi jgufisaTvis 2. deportirebuli mesxebi

wyaro 2.1. mesxebis mogonebebi

a) es moxda 1944 wlis 15 noembers. jariskacebi SemoiWrnen Cvens saxlSi dil-is 3 saaTze da gvibrZanes gavyolodiT ise, rom Zlivs movaswariT tansacmlis Cacma. Cven mogvaTavses satvirTo vagonebSi vmgzavrobdiT 40 dRis ganmavlo-baSi saWmlisa da Tbili tansacmlis gareSe. maxsovs, xalxi balaxs Wamda, rom gadarCeniliyo. bevri daiRupa SimSilisa da daavadebebisagan. me vnaxe rogor isrodnen jariskacebi gvamebs pirdapir vagonebidan. dRemde ver ganvTavisuf-ldi im dReebis koSmarebisagan.

osman Mmexriev-yuraZe, http://www.osce.org/photos/show_photos.php

b) [Sua aziaSi] gadasaxlebul mesxebSi dawesebuli iyo komendantis saaTi. Cven ar gvqonda ufleba, rom gadavsuliyaviT erTi soflidan meoreSi. yovel saRamos ufrosebi xels awerdnen Sinagan saqmeTa saxalxo komisariatis adgi-lobriv ganyofilebaSi. [ase iyo 1956 wlamde]

kamila nuritdinova (goCaZe), wignidan `mesxebi – usamSoblo adamianebi~, Tb., 2008,

gv. 203, masala moamzada klara baraTaSvilma.

g) 1956 wels moixsna specgadasaxlebis reJimi da mesxebi fiqrobdnen, rom movi-

da ganTavisufleba ...xelisufleba, aZlevda ra pasportebs yofil specgadasaxle-

bulebs, TviTneburad ucvlida mesxebis qarTul gvarebs, maT pasportebSi uwerda

sxvadasxva erovnebas. ase magaliTad, mamaCemi, latifSax baraTaSvili, Cawerili

iqna rogorc azerbaijaneli, Cem Zmas marats, romelic daibada deportaciaSi,

mianiWes „uzbekis“ erovneba. iyvnen „Turqebi“, „TaTrebi“ da TviT „kavkasielic“

ki. araerTi mcdelobis Semdeg mamaCemma moaxerxa, CemTvis, erTaderTisaTvis Cveni

didi ojaxidan, rodesac davibade deportaciaSi, Caewera „qarTveli“.

klara baraTaSvili, http://georgia.kavkaz-uzel.ru/articles/16599

d) 1956 wels moxsnes sakomendanto meTvalyureoba. 1957 wels Cven wamovediT

uzbekeTidan ... matarebliT TurqmeneTamde, iqidan – baqoSi. iq ar gavCerebul-

varT – pirdapir saqarTveloSi. Tumca CvenTvis ar iyo nebadarTuli saqarTve-

loSi Sesvla, Cven mainc wavediT, iqneb gagvmarTleboda .... Tbilisidan wave-

diT maxaraZeSi, Cais kolmeurneobaSi... zugdidSic vcxovrobdiT. megrelebma

kargad migviRes. mesxeTSi kvlav ar SeiZleboda da Cven wavediT azerbaijanSi,

kirovabadSi... 1988 wels Sromis saxelmwifo komitetma daiwyo mesxebisagan

gancxadebebis Segroveba, romlebsac surdaT mesxeTSi gadasaxleba da Cven,

beriZeebis ojaxi, marat baraTaSvilisa da abuzar safarovis ojaxebi viyaviT

pirveli mercxlebi, romlebic davsaxldiT mesxeTSi... Cven viyideT saxli Cvens

mSobliur sofel mugareTSi...

azo beriZe, wignidan `mesxebi – usamSoblo adamianebi~, Tb., 2008, gv.243, masala

moamzada klara baraTaSvilma.

wyaro 2.2. ferRanis tragedia

a) 1989 wlis ivnisSi, ferRanis dablobSi (uzbekeTi) mcxovrebi gadasaxle-

buli mahmadiani mesxebi masiuri xocva-Jletis msxverplni gaxdnen. sabWoTa

kavSiris mTavrobis mier centralur ruseTSi daaxloebiT 17 aTasi adamianis

migracia

74[`Turqi-mesxebis~] evakuacia ganxorcielda... naxevari wlis Semdeg deportire-

bulebi iZulebulebi gaxdnen sakuTari usafrTxoebis mizniT uzbekeTis sxva

raionebic daetovebinaT, radgan konfliqti erovnuli niSniT grZeldeboda....

gadasaxleba mimdinareobda ZiriTadad azerbaijansa da ruseTSi, mcire nawili

gadavida ukrainasa da yazaxeTSi.

saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati, kvleviTi departamenti, analitikuri ganyofileba,

2005; http://www.parliament.ge/files/1005_15713_452804_turqi-mesxebi-TEXT.pdf

b) erT-erTi versiis mixedviT, yvelaferi daiwyo CxubiT uzbekebsa da Turq-

-mesxebs Soris, romlis drosac daiRupa axalgazrda uzbeki... ferRanidan

evakuaciamde dazaralebuli Turqebis ojaxebi gahyavdaT samxedro poligonze

qalaqgareT, sadac maT darbevebisagan icavdnen.

g)

uzbekeTSi mcxovre bi mesxeTidan deportire-bulebi. ferRanis sam-xedro poligonze – ru-seT Si gamgzavrebamde.

aleqsandr osipovi, „ferRanis mogonebebi“ 20 wlis Semdeg.

ugakveTilo istoria? 09.06.2009 (Targmani rusulidan.). http://www.ferghana.ru/article.php?id=6197

wyaro 2.3. deportirebuli mesxebis mdgomareoba krasnodaris mxareSi (ruseTi)

krasnodaris mxareSi 1989 [fenRanis tragediis Semdeg-red.] wlidan faqto-brivrad cxovrobs 15 aTasi deportirebuli mesxebi, maTgan mxolod 4000 aqvs moqalaqeoba [...]…maT ar SeuZliaT mudmiv samsaxurSi muSaoba, maTi qorwineba oficialurad ar registrirdeba da kanonieri safuZveli ar gaaCnia; sru-lad moklebulni arian socialur dacvas (ar eZlevaT pensia da daxmare-ba) da samedicino dazRvevis sistemas [...]…maT ar SeuZliaT referendumSi da arCevnebis arcerT doneze monawileobis miReba[...] zogierT skolaSi arsebobs segregaciis problema: devnilebis Svilebs erT klasSi iReben da maT Sedar-ebiT dabali donis ganaTlebas aZleven. mSobliuri enis swavlebaze saerTod saubaric araa [...]

saqarTvelos parlamentis aparati, kvleviTi departamenti, analitikuri ganyofileba, 2005;

http://www.parliament.ge/files/1005_15713_452804_turqi-mesxebi-TEXT.pdf

migracia

75wyaro 2.4. mesxeTis mosaxleobiobis deportacia da repatriacia.

wyaro 2.5. saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli mesxebi

¾ 1980–1990-iani wlebidan saqarTveloSi 2 000-mde repatrianti mesxia Semosuli: y TbilisSi (8 ojaxi) y xaSuris raionSi (3 ojaxi) y goris raionis sofel wiTelubanSi (5 ojaxi) y samtrediis raionis sofel ianeTis me–9 ubanSi (30 ojaxi) y ozurgeTis raionis sofel nasakiralSi (32 ojaxi) y samcxe-javaxeTSi (50 ojaxi /165 kaci: axalcixe 38, adigeni 12, abasTumani 12)

¾ 2010 wlis ianvrisTvis saqarTvelos okupirebuli teritoriebidan iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa gansaxlebisa da ltolvilTa saministroSi Sesulia repatrirebulTa 841 gancxadeba:

http://\meskhebi.wordpress.com/2011/01/24 mesxebis-gza-ucxoeTidan.

აშხაბადი

საქართველოს სსრ

სომხეთისსსრ აზერბაიჯანის

სსრ ტ ა ჯ ი კ ე თ ი ს ს ს რ

ყ ა ზ ა ხ ე თ ი ს ს ს რ

ჩ ი ნ ე თ ი

რ ს ფ ს რ

შავიზღვა

არალის

ზღვა

ფერღანა

ბაქო

თბილისი

ერევანი

დუშანბე

ტაშკენტი

ფრუნზე

ალმაათა

მესხეთის მოსახლეობისდეპორტაცია და რეპატრიაცია

თურ

ქეთი

ერ ა ყ ი

ი

რა ნ ი ა ვ ღ ა ნ ე თ

ი

კასპიის ზღ

ვა

უ ზ ბ ე კ ე თი

ს

სს

რ

თ უ რ ქ მ ე ნ ე თ ი ს ს ს რ

პ ი რ ო ბ ი თ ი ა ღ ნ ი შ ვ ნ ე ბ ისსჽკ

მესხეთის მოსახლეობისდეპოჽ�ა�ია 1944 �ელსმესხეთის მოსახლეობისჽეპა�ჽია�ია 1956 �ელს

დედაქალაქი

ყირგიზეთის ს

სრ

• azerbaijanidan _ 5348 • TurqeTidan _ 118

• ruseTidan _ 62 • sxvadasxva qveynidan _ 313

migracia

76wyaroebi jgufisaTvis 3. saqarTvelos sazogadoeba

wyaro 3.1. qarTveli inteligenciis mimarTva saqarTvelos kompartiis centraluri komitetis pirveli mdivnis eduard SevardnaZisadmi, 1979 w. Tebervali

Cven, qvemore xelmomweri, qarTveli inteligenciis erTi nawili, qarTveli sazogadoebis saxeliT vacxadebT, rom mesxebis Turqad wodebas aranairi safuZveli ar gaaCnia da am sisuleles bolo unda moeRos. sabWoTa kavSiris umaRlesi sabWos 1968 wlis 30 maisis da 1974 wlis 9 ianvris brZanebebiT, am sawyali xalxis dabruneba unda momxdariyo, magram mainc ferxdeba. gadasaxlebulma mesxebma sabWoTa mTavrobas ramdenimejer mimarTes, magram mizans ver miaRwies. moskovSi Casulebs mudam TbilisSi abrunebdnen.…umorCilesad gTxovT, Cveni Txovna gaiTvaliswinoT da Cveni RviZli Zmebis dasabruneblad yvelaferi iRonoT.

xels aweren: giorgi Citaia, sergi jiqia, vaxtang beriZe, arnold Ciqobava, akaki SaniZe, paata guguSvili, giorgi meliqiSvili, oTar jafariZe, guram mamulia, zurab cincaZe, revaz jafariZe, jansuR Carkviani, guram asaTiani, kamilakorinTeli, akaki baqraZe, muxran maWavariani, revaz inaniSvili, uCa jafariZe, giga lorTqifaniZe, merab berZeniSvili, aleqsi maWavariani, revaz TabukaSvili, daviT ToraZe...

giga qamuSaZe, ianeTSi repatrirebuli mosaxleobis Turquli metyvelebis Taviseburebani, disertacia, Tbilisi, 2006, gv.23-24.

wyaro 3.2. qarTveli inteligenciis warmomadgenlebis mosazreba mesxe-bis deportaciaze

a) 1944 wels danaSauli Caidines adamianebis, da ara eTnosis mimarT. rac Seex-eba deportirebulTa moTxovnas saqarTveloSi Camosaxlebaze, minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, amis uflebamosileba maT ara aqvT. erTaderTi, risi moTxovnac logi-kuria, es aris winaparTa kerZo sakuTrebaze memkvidreobis principis dacva, rac unda Sefasdes da materialuri kompensaciis saxiT aunazRaurdes deportire-bulTa STamomavlobas. saqarTvelos ufleba aqvs deportirebulTa is nawili Semoiyvanos, romelic mas saimedod miaCnia. Cveni arCevani upirobod maTze unda SeCerdes, vinc Tavs qarTvelad aRiarebs. iseTi adamianebis Camosaxleba, vinc Tavs Turqad miiCnevs, saqarTvelos sikvdils niSnavs.…maT unda SevaswavloT ena, Cvens istoriasa da kulturas vaziaroT, movaxdinoT qarTuli eTnosis sxeulSi maTi integrireba. evrosabWos rekomendacia _ 2012 wlamde saqarTveloSi mahma-diani mosaxleobis mTlianad Semosaxlebaze, miuRebelia.

nodar naTaZe, filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori, e.w. Turqi mesxebi, gaz. „dilis

gazeTi“, 20 oqtomberi, 2003; http://www.sapikhvno.org/viewtopic.php?t=2115.

b) istoriam isini „damnaSaveebad“ cno imis gamo, rom isini cxovrobdnen jer ruseT-TurqeTis, xolo Semdeg sabWoTa kavSir-TurqeTis sazRvarze, xolo qarTvel-ma xalxma, romelic moklebuli iyo realur suverenitets, ver SeZlo maTi dacva...

qarTveli eris eTnikuri mSeneblobis gzaze mesxebis problema warmoadgens Cvens arcTu iol memkvidreobas. am memkvidreobis gaazreba da masze zrunva – aris istoriuli pasuxismgebloba im Taobisa, romelic gauZRveba XXI saukuneSi ganaxlebul saqarTvelos. amaSi mdgomareobs saqarTvelos saxelmwifo poli-tikis arsi deportirebili da saqarTveloSi repatrirebuli mesxebis mimarT...

guram mamulia, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politikis koncefcia deportirebuli da

saqarTveloSi repatrirebuli mesxebis mimarT. istoria da Tanamedroveoba. http://www.ca-c.org/journal/cac-02-1999/st_19_mamulija.shtml

migracia

77g) muslimi mesxebi, Cvens msgavsad, iyvnen saqarTvelos sruluflebiani moqa-

laqeebi da isini arasamarTlianad, barbarosulad gaasaxles samSoblodan 1944 wels […] maTTvis uaris Tqma reabilitaciaze, repatriaciaze ara marto uka-nonoba da usamaTlobaa, aramed warmoadgens im danaSaulis axal dakanonebas, romelic Caidines stalinma da beriam da romelic moraluri TvalsazrisiT ufro mZime danaSaulia, radgan axla mas sCadis ara marto xelisufleba, ara-med xalxi, is adamianebi, romlebic, ueWvelia, Tavis Tavs miiCneven demokrate-bad, qristianebad, adamianis uflebebis damcvelebad da a.S. ... Tu saxelmwifo, xalxi srulad gaiazrebs am problemas da izrunebs dabrunebulebze, kerZod, maTi adaptaciis procesze, maT usafrTxoebaze da a.S., es imuSavebs saqarTvelos sasargeblod.

naira gelaSvili, mwerali, `kavkasiuri saxlis~ direqtori, gazeTi `axali Taoba~,

#35, 31.10-2.11. 2000.

wyaro 3.3. istorikosis mosazreba deportirebuli mesxebis sakiTxze

1944 wels qvemo qarTlis mkvidri arc erTi azerbaijaneli da arc erTi mahmadiani aWareli ar gausaxlebiaT. TaTarTa, anu „Turq mesxTa“, winaprebis gadasaxlebas religiuri da eTnikuri safuZveli ar hqonia. ubralod, esoden destruqciuli Zalis sazRvarze datoveba TviT sabWoTa kavSirisTvisac ki safrTxes warmoadgenda. somxebiT mWidrod dasaxlebul regionSi maTi dabi-naveba ueWvelad gamoiwvevs konfliqts.

svimon masxaraSvili, gazeTi `kviris palitra~, 7 maisi, 2007.

wyaro 3.4. qarTuli media deportirebuli mesxebis Sesaxeb

„mSobliur soflebSi unda davbrundeT“, reportaJi ianeTis mecxre ubnidan

1975 wels dabrunebul mesxTa nawili samtrediaSi dasaxlda. maSin yirgizeTi-dan, yazaxeTidan da azerbaijanidan ramdenime ojaxi sakuTari surviliT erT-droulad gadmosaxlda. komunistebma isini pirutyvis mosaSenebel kompleqsSi samuSaod kompaqturad daasaxla. 26 saxlisgan Semdgar sofelSi, romelsac Sem-deg ianeTis mecxre ubani ewoda, 30 mahmadiani mesxi ojaxebiT Sesaxlda.

ukve wlebia, dasaxlebaSi sazogadoebrivi transporti ar funqcionirebs. … am dasaxlebis Sesaxeb mezobel samtrediaSic ki bevrs araferi smenia. mecxre ubanSi qarTulad mxolod mozardebi saubroben.…29 wlis ganmavlobaSi aq arcerTi Sereuli ojaxi ar Seqmnila.

mesxebis saarsebo saSualeba mecxoveleoba da soflis meurneobaa. TiToeu-li ojaxi, sadac minimum rva wevri cxovrobs, heqtarze met miwis farTobs amuSavebs. hyavs aTobiT cxvari, Zroxa, qaTami.

„cudad ar vcxovrobT, magram aq mainc ver davrCebi. rogorc ki saSualeba momecema, Cems mSobliur sofelSi, varxanSi davbrundebi. iq unda movkvde, iq unda davimarxo”, _ acxadebs malxaz baxtaZe.

sxvagvarad fiqroben mecxre ubanSi mcxovrebi axalgazrdebi.„ar minda axalcixeSi cxovreba. aq mirCvenia. Cemi mSoblebic apireben mesxeTSi

wasvlas, magram ar gavyvebi maT”, _ ambobs mecxre klasis moswavle gagi WinWaraZe.

Tamuna uCiZe, samtredia, gazeTi „samxreTis karibWe“, 2004.

http://www.regions.ge/2&newsid=391&year=2009&position=news_main&q=samtredia

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ratom gaasaxla saxelmwifom saqarTve-lodan, xolo Semdeg daabruna mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili?

migracia

7819. rusTavi _ `ormoci Zmis~ qalaqi

sakvanZo SekiTxva: saidan warmoiSva rusTavis zedmetsaxeli `or-moci Zmis~ qalaqi?

wyaro 1. rusTavSi rusebis gadasaxlebis Sesaxeb

mamaCemi, ivan Mmixeilis Ze ovadovski, xersonidan iyo. igi jer sevastopolSi muSaobda, xolo samamulo omis dawyebisas _ Celiabinskis metalurgiul qarxa-naSi. Mmas, rogorc gamocdil specialists misces „broni“* da amitom frontze ar wauyvaniaT. 1944 wlis TebervalSi mama, ise rom misTvis arc ki ukiTxavT, surda Tu ara, samuSaod gadaiyvanes rusTavSi, rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnis mSeneblobaze. me am dros aTi wlis viyavi, Cemi umcrosi da – Tamara ki samis. Tavdapirvelad, mxolod mama Cavida. mogvianebiT, es Zalian kargad maxsovs, 11 ivniss, Cvenc _ deda, bebia, Cemi da da me _ Cagviyvanes eSeloniT rusTavSi. maSin rusTavi triali mindori iyo, mxolod karvebi da sami barakis tipis saxli idga. Cven erT-erT saxlSi mogvces erTi patara oTaxi, radgan mama daniSnes centra-luri samSeneblo laboratoriis ganyofilebis ufrosad. Cvens win karvebSi, aseve, sabWoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva adgilebidan gadmoyvanili ojaxebi cxovro-bdnen, yovelgvar pirobebs moklebulni. gardabansa da rusTavs Soris iyo da-saxleba, romelsac „roza luqsemburgs“ eZaxdnen. iq germanelebi cxovrobdnen, romlebic omis dros gaasaxles. mogvianebiT, maT mier datovebul erT-erT sa-xlSi Cven Segvasaxles. noemberSi gavagrZele swavla rusul skolaSi, romelic maSin erTaderTi iyo da sadac sabWoTa kavSiris sxvadasxva kuTxidan Camosuli ojaxebis bavSvebi swavlobdnen. skolaSi gvaswavlidnen qarTuls.

interviu qalaq rusTavis mkvidrTan zoia ovadovskaiasTan, Caiwera cira CikvaiZem, 2009 wlis 29 maisi.

wyaro 2. rusTavis #1 skolis 1951-1952 wlis kursdamTavrebulTa sia

* broni _ gankarguleba, romliTac Tavisufldebodnen omSi gawvevidan.** MC _ niSnavs skolis vercxlis medalze damTavrebas.

migracia

79wyaro 3. rusTavis #1 skolis moswavleebi

a) 1951-1952 wlis kursdamTavrebulTa foto

dganan (marcxnidan marjvniv): Ta-mara safronova _ rusi; iuri tiSa-evi _ rusi; viqtor liagi ni _ rusi; maria nikolaeva _ rusi, duxabori; tolik rotenbergi _ germaneli ebra-eli; zoia ovadovskaia – rusi; sxe-dan (marcxnidan marjvniv): liudmila beregova _ yazaneli Ta Ta ri; Tamara Cuba _ ukraineli; gi o rgi luarsabis-Ze _ qarTveli, ge o g rafiis maswavle-beli; isai aleqsis-Ze skrinikovi _ rusi, ma Te ma ti kis mas wav lebeli, kla-sis dam ri ge be li; iuri fiodo ris Ze _ uk rai ne li, fizi kis maswavlebeli; maria aleqsis asuli tibicaeva _ osi, litera tu ris mas wavlebeli.

b) zoia ovadovskaias mowmoba oTxi klasis damTavrebis Sesaxeb

wyaro 4. rusTavis rusuli skolis Senoba da abra

fotoebi zoia ovadovskaias arqividan.

migracia

80wyaro 5. rusTavis #1 skolis daarsebis istoria

1943 wels saqarTvelos sxvadasva kuTxidan CamosulTaTvis pirveli skola gaixsna. misi sruli dasaxeleba iyo yarais (axlandeli gardabnis) raioni, sof. rusTavis rusuli arasruli saSualo skola.

skola ganTavsebuli iyo barakis tipis SenobaSi, romlis saerTo farTs warmoadgenda 58 m2 da sami saklaso oTaxiT Semoifargleboda.

qarTvel bavSvTa raodenobis zrdis gamo 1946-1947 saswavlo wels funq-cionireba daiwyo qarTulma klasma, xolo 1948 wels amave skolaSi pirvelad gaixsna qarTuli arasruli saSualo skola, romlis direqtoradac dainiSna qsenia zarqua.

www.rustavi.ge rusTavis pirveli saSualo skola, (19 agvisto, 2009 weli).

wyaro 6. mravalerovani rusTavis Sesaxeb

me viyavi #1 skolis direqtori 1969-87 wlebSi. Cvens skolaSi, Tu ar va-Warbeb, ocdaToTxmeti erovnebis, daaxloebiT, 1 400 moswavle swavlobda. iyo Zalian megobruli ganwyoba ara marto Cvens skolaSi, aramed mTels qalaqSi. rusTavi iseTi internacionaluri iyo, rom mas „ormoci Zmis“ qalaqs eZaxdnen.

interviu qalaq rusTavis mkvidrTan, #1 saSualo skolis direqtorTan natalia sa-

noZesTan, Caiwera cira CikvaiZem, 2009 wlis 29 maisi.

wyaro 7. dadgenileba rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb

ssrk saxkomsabWosa da sakavSiro kp(b) centraluri komitetis 1940 wlis 12 seqtembris #1677 dadgenilebis _ „saqarTveloSi amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli qarxnis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb“ – aRsrulebisaTvis _ Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos ssr saxkomsabWo da saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komiteti adgens:

eTanxmeba ssrk saxkomsabWos specialuri komisiis daskvnas, raTa saqarTve-los ssr-Si amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli qarxnis mSeneblobisaTvis SeirCes moedani navTisWalaSi, romelic esazRvreba q.Tbiliss navTluRis raionSi.

„saqarTveloSi amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli qarxnis mSeneblobis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos ssr sax.kom. sabWosa da saqarTvelos kp(b) centraluri komitetis

dadgenileba, 14 oqtomberi, 1940 w.

wyaro 8. rusTavis metalurgiuli qarxnisTvis kadrebis mozidvis Sesaxeb

a) partiuli lideris mogonebebi

omamde qarxnis ZiriTadi obieqtebis daproeqteba ver moeswro da maTi saZi-rkvelic ki ar Cagviyria [...] 1944 wlis 23 marts gamovida Tavdacvis saxelmwi-fo komitetis dadgenileba, romliTac amierkavkasiis metalurgiuli qarxnis mSenebloba axldeboda, magram axldeboda „rkinizis sadgur rusTavTan mde-bare moedanze“ Tbilisidan 26-27 kilometris daSorebiT [...] 1944 wels qarxnis daproeqteba mimdinareobda. 1 agvistosaTvis moedanze ukve mzad iyo saerTo sacxovreblebi 9 000 mSeneblisaTvis [...] seqtembrisTvis ukve mzad iyo saerTo sacxovrebeli 22 aTasi muSisaTvis da 9000 kv. metri sabinao farTobi sainJin-ro-teqnikuri muSakebisa da maTi ojaxebisaTvis [...] 2-3 weliwadSi qarxanas unda mieRo kvalificiur muSaTa da specialistTa kadrebi, romlebic mas aamoqmede-bdnen. aseTi kadrebi respublikas ar gaaCnda [...] saqarTvelos udidesi sawarmo mTel xalxs unda aeSenebina [...] es niSnavda, rom metalurgTa momavali qa-laqis mosaxleobac respublikis yvela istoriuli provinciidan gamosulTa

migracia

81Senadnobi iqneboda. yvela did regions 150-250-mde kaci unda gamoegzavna, saSu-alo da mcires ki _ 50-dan 100-mde. gasawvevebs winaswar ganemartaT, rom isini igzavnebodnen kvalifikaciis misaRebad, raTa Semdeg rusTavis metalurgiul qarxanaSi emuSavaT da rom amis gamo wiTel armiaSi samsaxuridan Tavisufl-debodnen. 3 000 axalgazrda samxreTis (igulisxmeba ruseTis da ukrainis _ red.) metalurgiul qarxnebSi gaigzavna (praqtikis gasavlelad _ red.), 2000 _ respublikis sawarmoebSi moewyo.

k. Carkviani, gancdili da naazrevi, Tb., gv. 344-355.

b) Tavdacvis saxelmwifo komitetis dadgenileba

qarxanaSi mTlianad damTavrebis Semdeg, unda muSaobdes sul 9200 kaci, aqe-dan 8 400 muSa da 800 sainJinro-teqnikuri muSaki [...]

neba daerTos Tavdacvis saxelmwifo komitets Catardes respublikaSi sam-xed ro uwyebis meSveobiT 1926 wels dabadebuli 5000 gasawvevis mobiliza-cia, maTi Savi metalurgiis saxalxo komisariatis gankargulebaSi gadacemiT, amierkavkasiis metalurgiul qarxanaSi samuSaod.

Tavdacvis saxelmwifo komitets centraluri komitetisagan,

23 ivnisi, 1944 w.

wyaro 9. qarTveli axalgazrdebi miemgzavrebian ruseTisa da ukrainis metalurgiul qarxnebSi, 1944 w.

rusTavis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis fondi

wyaro 10. mSenebelTa Casvla rusTavSi

omis pirveli xuTwledis periodSi saqarTveloSi yovelwliurad tardeboda muSaTa organizebuli Segroveba. saqarTvelos yvela raionSi (avtonomiuri er-Teulebis CaTvliT) Segrovda 20 aTasamde muSa [...] Mmarto 1950 wels saqarTve-los mrewvelobisa da mSeneblobisaTvis organizebuli Segrovebis wesiT miRe-buli 8 aTasi kacidan trest `metalurgmSens~ gadaeca 3 aTasi muSa[...] qarxnis mSeneblobis mTel manZilze (ufro metad ki mis pirvel xanebSi) igzavnebodnen moZme respublikebidan, gansakuTrebiT, ruseTsa da ukrainidan metalurgiuli qarxnebis mSenebeli kadrebi – inJiner-teqnikuri personali da kvalificiuri muSebi.

jer kidev 1944 wels rusTavis mSeneblobaze Camovida mSenebelTa didi jgufi, romelic Celiabinskisa da tagilis metalurgiuli qarxnebis agebaSi iRebda monawileobas. mSenebel muSaTa es kategoria, e.i. sxva respublikebidan Camosuli kvalificiuri muSebi, rusTavis mSeneblebis Tumca mcire, magram udavod maRalnayofieri ujredi iyo.

q. TofuriZe, rusTavi, Tb., gv. 61.

migracia

82wyaro 11. qalaq rusTavis warmoqmnis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis brZanebuleba saqarTvelos ssr gardabnis raionis daba rusTavis qalaq rusTavad gardaqmnis Sesaxeb

gamoeyos saqarTvelos ssr gardabnis raions daba rusTavi da gardaiqmnas respublikuri daqvemdebarebis qalaqad.

saqarTvelos ssr umaRlesi sabWos prezidiumis brZanebuleba, 19 ianvari, 1948 w.,QTbilisi.

wyaro 12. rusTavis mSeneblobis istoria

a) adgili, sadac rusTavis metalur-giuli qarxana aSenda, 1944 w.

b) Tavdapirvelad, karvebis qalaqi gaCnda, marti, 1944 w.

g) zoia ovadovskaias ojaxi axal saxlTan, 1949 w.

d) Tanamedrove rusTavimetalurgiuli qarxnisa da qalaq rusTavis mSenebloba erTdroulad daiwyo

da paralelurad mimdinareobda [...] 1946 wlis zafxulisaTvis rusTavSi 3000 mcxovrebi iTvleboda. pirveli mosaxleni umetesad mSeneblebi iyvnen, axlo momavalSi rusTavSi unda damkvidrebuliyvnen pirvel samrewvelo sawarmoTa – metalurgiuli qarxnis damxmare saamqroebis muSebi. maTTvis mzaddeboda 14 saxli da erTi saerTo sacxovrebeli [...] qalaqis zrdasa da gafarToebasTan erTad intensiurad viTardeboda axali saskolo Senobebis, axali sabavSvo ba-Rebisa da internatebis mSenebloba. 1948-49 saswavlo wels rusTavSi 4 skola iyo: 2 saSualo skola (aqedan erTi muSa axalgazrdobis), erTi – rvawliani, da erTic – dawyebiTi.

1952 wels qalaqis 11 skolaSi 2500-ze meti moswavle swavlobda, xolo 1953-1954 saswavlo wels rusTavis skolebis raodenobam 16-s miaRwia da moswavleTa ricxvma 3 500-s gadaaWarba.

q. TofuriZe, rusTavi, Tb., gv. 112-113.

saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, fondi 0-21778

saqarTvelos erovnuli arqivi, fondi 0-28329

ojaxis arqividan

migracia

83wyaro 13. rusTavis mosaxleobis eTnikuri Semadgenloba 1950 wlisaTvis

erovneba raodenoba %

qarTveli 6193 56.15

afxazi 150 1.36

osi 452 4.1

rusi 1807 10.2

somexi 535 4.85

azerbaijaneli 858 5.97

ukraineli 544 4.93

berZeni 165 1.5

ebraeli 92 0.83

qurTi 41 0.37

sxva erovneba 192 1.74

sul 11 029

rusTavis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis fondi

wyaro 14. Tbilisisa da rusTavis mosaxleoba 1930-1950-ian wlebSi

Qqalaqis dasaxeleba

Mmosaxleoba aTasobiT

1939 w. 17 ianvrisaTvis

1959 w. 19 ianvrisaTvis

Tbilisi 519,2 694,7

rusTavi _ 64,7

saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t.VIII, 1980, gv. 477.

davaleba 1:

1. dawereT scenari da `gadaiReT~ dokumenturi filmi qalaq rusTavze. filmis ZiriTadi siuJetebia: a) rusuli skola rusTavSi b) rusTavis mSeneblebi

2. daiyaviT or jgufad, airCieT TqvenTvis saintereso erTi siuJeti; ganixi-leT, ra aris Tqveni filmis mTavari mizani da CamoayalibeT sakvanZo SekiTxva, romelzec gsurT pasuxis miReba

a) SearCieT filmisTvis saWiro wyaroebi. b) warmoadgineT filmis 5-8 kadri.

siuJeti 1. rusuli skola rusTavSi

•originaluri saTauri•skolis Seqmnis istoria•saintereso movlenebi da faqtebi skolis cxovrebidan

•moswavleebi, maswavleblebi da a.S.

siuJeti 2. rusTavis mSeneblebi

•originaluri saTauri•qalaqis Seqmnis istoria•saintereso movlenebi da faqtebi qalaqis cxovrebidan

•qalaqis mSeneblebi da a.S.

g) Seicvala Tu ara siuJetis sakvanZo SekiTxvis formulireba da filmis saTauri? Tu Seicvala, CamoayalibeT axali sakvanZo SekiTxva da saTauri.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra roli iTamaSa migraciulma proce-sebma mravalerovani rusTavis SeqmnaSi?

migracia

84 20. `agorebuli qvebi~ (ekologiuri

migrantebi saqarTveloSi)

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom iqca ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis sakiTxi erovnebaTaSoris urTierTobis problemad saqarTveloSi?

wyaro 1. svaneTSi ekologiuri katastrofis Sedegebis Sesaxeb

1987 wels svaneTi bolo wlebis yvelaze mZime zamTris mowme gaxda.

ianvarSi ramdenime sofeli 3-dan 5 metramde Tovlis safarqveS aRmoCnda.

daaxloebiT 2 000 saxli zvavSi mohyva, xolo 85 adamiani gardaicvala. gan-

sakuTrebiT dazaralda mestiisa (zemo svaneTi) da lentexis (qvemo svaneTi)

raionebi. soflebTan kavSiri gawyda. riskis zonidan 16000 adamiani iqna

evakuirebuli.

luara niJaraZe, svanebis migracia da misi gansaxlebis arealebi, Tbilisis universitetis gamomcemloba, Tb., 1999, gv. 13-17.

wyaro 2. ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis arealis Sesaxeb

1981 wlidan dRevandlamde [2006 w.] gansaxlebis saxelmwifo programis far-

glebSi daaxloebiT 11000 ojaxi gadaasaxles (daaxloebiT 60000 adamiani),

ZiriTadad, aWarisa da svaneTis maRalmTliani regionebidan. amave periodSi,

migrantTa daudgeneli raodenoba, ZiriTadad, aWaridan damoukideblad ga-

dasaxlda saqarTvelos sxva mxareebSi, maTi mSobliuri regionebis mosax-

leobiT gadatvirTulobisa da mciremiwianobis gamo. 1980-ianebSi da 1990-iani

wlebis dasawyisSi ekomigrantTa mimRebi ZiriTadi regionebi iyo kaxeTi, im-

ereTi, samegrelo, Sida qarTli, guria, samcxe da javaxeTi. mogvianebiT, 1990-

iani wlebis meore naxevridan moyolebuli, migrantTa ZiriTadi mimRebi gaxda

qvemo qarTli.

saqarTvelos ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros wliuri angariSi,

2006 weli.

migracia

85wyaro 3. ekomigracia saqarTveloSi 1981-2006 wlebSi

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

!(

! (

! (

! (

!(

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

!(

! (

! (! (

! (

! (

! (

!(! (

! (

! (

! (

! (! (

! (! (

!(

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

!(! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

!(

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

!(

! (

! (

! (! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

! (

!(

! (

! (

!(

! (

! (

!.

ონი

ფო

თი

ხულ

ობ

ათ

უმ

ი

სენა

კი

აბაშ

ა

წალ

კა

თე

ლა

ვი

ცაგ

ერი

ადიგ

ენი

სო

ხუ

მი

ზუ

გდ

იდ

ი

დუ

შეთ

ი

რუ

სთ

ავ

ი

ლენ

ტეხ

ი

ქობუ

ლეთ

იო

ზუ

რგ

ეთ

ი

მარ

ტვი

ლი

მც

ხე

თა

მარ

ნეუ

ლი

ამ

ბრ

ოლ

აუ

რი

ლან

ჩხუ

თი

ცხი

ნვალ

ი

ქედ

ა

გალ

ი

ვანი

ჯავა

გო

რი

გაგრ

ა

ხობი

ხონი

კასპ

ი

მესტ

ია

ქარ

ელი

თბ

ილ

ის

ი

ბორ

ჯომი

გუდ

აუთ

ა

თერ

ჯოლ

ა

ტყი

ბულ

ი

ქუ

თა

ის

ი

სტეფ

ანწ

მინდ

ა

თია

ნეთ

ი

დმა

ნისი

ბოლ

ნისი

ყვარ

ელი

ახმე

ტა

ასპი

ნძა

ჭიათ

ურ

ა

ბაღ

დათ

იხა

შურ

ი

გურ

ჯაან

ისა

გარ

ეჯო

შუახ

ევი

გულ

რიფ

ში

საჩხ

ერე

ზესტ

აფო

ნი

წყა

ლტ

უბო

სამტ

რედ

ია

ახალ

გორ

ი

გარ

დაბ

ანი

სიღ

ნაღ

ი

ლაგ

ოდ

ეხი

ოჩა

მჩირ

ე

ხარ

აგაუ

ლი

ახ

ალ

ცი

ხე

ახალ

ქალ

აქი

ნინო

წმი

ნდა

ჩოხა

ტაუ

რი

წალ

ენჯი

ხა

ჩხო

რო

წყუ

ხელ

ვაჩა

ურ

ით

ეთრ

იწყა

რო

დედ

ოფ

ლის

წყა

რო

გუ

რი

ა

რა

ჭა

-ლ

უჩ

ხუ

მი

მც

ხე

თა

-

მთ

ია

ნე

თი

კ

ა

ხ

ე

თ

ი

აჭ

არ

ა

აფ

ხა

ზე

თ

იზ

ემ

ო ს

ვა

ნე

თი

ქვ

ემ

ო ს

ვა

ნე

თი

სა

მე

გრ

ელ

ო

სა

მც

ხე

-

- ჯ

ავ

ახ

ეთ

იქ

ვე

მო

- ქ

არ

თლ

ი

იმ

ერ

ეთ

ი

ში

და

ქა

რთ

ლი

შა

ვი

ზ

ღვ

ა

სო

მხ

ეთ

ი

ა

ზე

რბ

აი

ჯა

ნი

თუ

რქ

ეთ

ირუ

სე

თი

ს

ფე

დე

რ

აც

ი

ა1 9

87 - 2 0 0 6

198

9-

20

06

198

1-2

00

6

19

98-2

00

6

ეკო

მიგრ

აციე

ბი ს

აქარ

თვე

ლო

ში

1981

-200

6 წ

ლებ

ში

პი

რო

ბი

თი

აღ

ნი

შვ

ნე

ბი

დედ

აქალ

აქი

სამხ

არეო

ცენ

ტრ

ი

რაი

ონუ

ლი

ცენ

ტრ

ი

სახე

ლმწ

იფო

საზ

ღვა

რი

რაი

ონუ

ლი

საზღ

ვარ

ი

ეკო

მიგრ

აციე

ბის

მიმა

რთ

ულ

ება

სამხ

არეო

საზ

ღვა

რი

ავტ

ონო

მიუ

რი

რეს

პუბლ

იკის

საზღ

ვარ

ი

migracia

86davaleba 1:

1. CamoTvale is faqtorebi, romlebic gaxda, an SeiZleba gaxdes ekologiuri migraciis gamomwvevi mizezi?

2. wyaroebis 1-3 mixedviT, rukaze miuTiTe raionebi, romelTa mcxovreblebi ekologiuri migrantebi aRmoCndnen.

3. daadgine, saqarTvelos ZiriTadad, romeli raionebi SearCies ekologiuri migrantebis Casaxlebis adgilebad da ivarude, ratom?

wyaro 4. ekomigrantebis gansaxlebis gamocdilebidan

1981-1988 wlebSi (aWaridan _ red.) Camosuli mosaxleoba metwilad aspinZisa da adigenis raionebSi Caasaxles. es regionebi ori mizeziT iyo mimzidveli migrirebuli mosaxleobisaTvis. pirvel rigSi imitom, rom isini mTian aWar-asTan axlosaa. meore mxriv imitom, rom am raionebSi Casaxlebis istoriuli gamocdileba ukve arsebobs 1940-iani wlebidan, rodesac mesxebi iZulebiT iqnen deportirebulni Sua aziaSi da maT nacvlad saqarTvelos sxva nawilebidan Camoasaxles aq xalxi. is faqti, rom samcxis qarTuli mosaxleobis umetesoba regionSi axlaxans (1980-ian ww. _ red.) Casaxlda, bevri migrantis azriT, ufro stumarTmoyvares xdis am regions axalCamosulTaTvis.

saqarTvelos parlamentisaTvis wardgenili saxalxo damcvelis angariSi, 23 dekemberi, 2005 w.

wyaro 5. ekomigrantebisa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis urTierTobis Sesaxeb

a) qvemo qarTli da samcxe-javaxeTi eTnikurad araqarTveli mosaxleobiT kompaqturad dasaxlebuli mxareebia. samcxe-javaxeTi upiratesad somxuria, gan-sakuTrebiT javaxeTis regioni (axalqalaqisa da ninowmindis raionebi), alag-alag, rusi duxoborebis, berZnebis da mkvidri qarTvelebis mcirericxovani dasaxlebebiT. qvemo qarTlis sam raionSi (marneulSi, dmanissa da bolnisSi) eTnikuri azerbaijanuli mosaxleoba dominirebs, xolo walkis raioni somxe-biT, qarTvelebiTa da berZnebiTaa dasaxlebuli. erovnuli umciresobebiT kom-paqturad dasaxlebul regionebSi ekomigrantebis talRa xSirad daZabulobas iwvevs. gansxvavebuli socialuri da kulturuli sawyisebis mqone ekomigrante-bi adgilobriv TemTan integraciis gzaze xSirad seriozul problemebs awyde-bian da arajerovnad Semzadebul mimReb TemSi axalCamosaxlebulTa mimarT eWvebi da undobloba Cndeba. Sesabamisad, adgilobrivebsa da axalCamosaxle-bulebs Soris cudi urTierToba viTardeba.

tom trieri, medea turaSvili, ekologiuri mizezebiT adgilnacval pirTa gan-saxleba, arsebuli problemis gadawyveta Tu axlis Seqmna? krebuli `ekomigracia

saqarTveloSi 1981-2006 ww~, Tb., 2007, gv.6.

b) 1989-1991 wlebSi 215 ojaxi moamzades CasaxlebisaTvis, magram faqtobri-vad mxolod 159 dasaxlda. gadmosaxlebulTa did nawils axal klimatTan, socialur da politikur mdgomareobasTan adaptacia gauWirda da umetesobam regioni datova. gamonakliss mxolod spasovkaSi Casaxlebulebi warmoadgenen. aq kompaqturad Casaxlebulma ekomigrantebma darCena moaxerxes. rac Seexeba sxva soflebSi Casaxlebul migrantebs, axalCasulebi sami barieris winaSe

migracia

87aRmoCndnen, romlebmac maT am soflebSi (gorelovka, efremovka, orlovka da sameba) mudmivad darCenas SeuSala xeli. pirveli iyo klimati, romelic aq Zalze mZimea, zamTarSi temperatura -25 gradusamde ecema da gzebi didTovlo-bis gamo Svid Tves Caketilia. meorec, zog SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebiT arae-kologiuri mizeziT migrirebulni, soflis cxovrebas - miwis damuSavebas Tu saqonlis moSenebas _ ar iyvnen Cveulni. dabolos, maTi Casaxlebis adreul wlebSi SidaeTnikuri situacia gansakuTrebiT daZabuli iyo. ase rom, ekomi-grantebma metwilad datoves es soflebi da sadReisod [2000 w.] mxolod ram-denime qarTuli ojaxia iq darCenili. Tumca, bevrma ekomigrantma ninowmindisa da axalqalaqis raionebSi Casaxlebis pirvelsave wlebSi datova Casaxlebis adgilebi.

hedvig lomi, duxoborebi saqarTveloSi, kvleva ninowmindis raionSi miwis mflobe-lobis da intereTnikuri urTierTobebis sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, samuSao moxseneba #35,

noemberi, 2006 w.

davaleba 2:

1. gansazRvre wyaroebis 4-5 mixedviT, romeli faqtorebi iyo gaTvaliswineb-uli da romeli ara ekomigrantTa gansaxlebis adgilebis SerCevisas 1980-90-ian wlebSi?

2.Aaxseni, ra SeiZleba iyos ekomigrantebis axal sacxovrebel adgilebze warmatebuli Casaxlebis winapiroba?

3. SeimuSaveT ekomigrantebis warmatebuli Casaxlebis Tqveni versiebi da warmoadgineT klasis winaSe.

wyaro 6. ekomigrantebis cxovreba axal adgilebze

a) samTawyaroSi (dedofliswyaros raioni) aWarlebi 1979-1980 wlebSi xu-lodan da Suaxevidan Camosaxldnen. maTi soflis Tavkacebma (uxucesebma) kax-eTSi daaTvalieres adgilebi da airCies sad unda dasaxlebuliyvnen. arCevani maTi sameurneo saqmianobis mixedviT gakeTda – radgan ZiriTadad mesaqonleebi iyvnen, iseTi adgili airCies, sadac uxvi saZovrebi iyo. Semdeg Camovidnen im ojaxebis ufrosebi, romlebic Camosaxlebas apirebdnen da Tavad moizomes sa-karmidamo nakveTebi. am droisaTvis sofelSi ukve cxovrobdnen 1930-ian wlebSi saingilos sofel alibeglodan da yorangelidan Camosaxlebuli qarTvelebi. mosulebi pirvelad vagonebSi dasaxldnen da daiwyes saxlebis mSenebloba. Tavidan Zalian gauWirdaT, radgan ver eguebodnen klimats da meurneobis aqaur tradiciebs. mamaCemma nikoloz TagoSvilma Cvens mezoblebs piradad aswavla venaxis gasxvla, movla da baRCeulis moyvana. miuxedavad imisa, rom qristianebi ar iyvnen, amis gamo ukmayofileba ar gvqonia. salocavad pir-vel xanebSi zaqaTalas raionSi dadiodnen. dRes, aq dabadebuli Taoba ume-tesad qristiania. bavSvebi qristianul saeklesio ritualebSic ki Rebuloben monawileobas. gaxSirda Sereuli qorwinebebi. adre micvalebulebs aq ar krZa-lavdnen, aWaraSi miasvenebdnen. axla Cveni soflis sasaflaos gverdze Tavisi sasaflao aqvT. erTmaneTTan WirSic da lxinSic yovelTvis davdivarT da mo-sulebad TiTqmis aRaravis vTvliT.

interviu varlam TagoSvilTan, samTawyaros sajaro skolis direqtorTan, 55 wlis,

Caiwera amiran jamagiZem, 2009 wlis 5 agvisto.

migracia

88b) Cven marneulisa da gardabnis raionebSi, svaneTSi 1987 wlis didTovlo-

bisas, uSgulidan da mulaxidan CamovsaxldiT. Tavdapirvelad, daaxloebiT, 106 ojaxi. sacxovrebeli adgilebi Cvenma uxucesebma Camosaxlebamde airCies. sofel jandaris maxloblad, dausaxlebel adgilze, daarsda Cveni sofeli, romelsac lemSveniera daerqva. dRes aq 500-mde ojaxi vcxovrobT. jandaris adgilobrivi azerbijaneli mosaxleoba Cvens Camosvlas Tavidan dadebiTad Sexvda, magram qveyanaSi gamefebulma maSindelma areulobam Cvens mezoblobas mainc daasva daRi. gvqonda patara gaugebrobebi, romelic ZiriTadad miwisa da sarwyavi wylis gamo xdeboda, Tumca am 23 wlis ganmavlobaSi urTierTobebi TandaTan umjobes-deba. unda aRiniSnos, rom Sereuli qorwinebebisa da danaTesavebis arcerTi SemTxveva ar yofila. Cveni aq dasaxlebis mTavari problema mainc aradamakmayo-filebeli sacxovrebeli pirobebia _ saxlebi, romlebic CvenTvis maSin aaSenes uxarisxo iyo, umravlesoba dResac daumTavrebelia. magaliTad, soflis skolas dResac ar aqvs kanalizacia. udidesi problemaa sarwyavi wyali.

interviu oTar niJaraZesTan, sofel lemSvenieras mcxovrebTan, 48 wlis,

Caiwera amiran jamagiZem, 2009 wlis 29 agvisto.

wyaro 7. ekomigrantebisa da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis urTierTobis erTi magaliTi

2004 wlis maisSi sofel qvemo xarebaSi Semdgari fexburTis matCi _ sofel-Si mcxovreb aWarel da sofel kizilkalisadan Camosul somex bavSvebs Soris _ CxubSi gadaizarda. msxverpli ar yofila, magram ramdenime adamiani daiWra. Sejaxebis Semdeg aWarlebi Camovidnen TbilisSi, sadac maT saprotesto demon-stracia moawyves. incidentis gamoZiebis dros, somxebma da berZnebma ganac-xades, rom aWarlebi maT uflebebs arRvevdnen, maSin roca aWarlebi acxadeben, rom somxebi da berZnebi regionSi qarTvelebis cxovrebas ewinaaRmdegebian.

jonaTan uitli, konfliqtis ganeitraleba walkis raionSi, saqarTveloSi: migracia, saerTaSoriso intervencia da saxelmwifos roli, samuSao moxseneba #36, dekemberi,

2006, gv. 9.

wyaro 8. ekomigrantebis sacxovrebeli saxlebi

a) sofeli disveli b) sofeli lemSveniera

g) xatisofeli

migracia

89wyaro 9. ukumigracia aWaris mTian raionebSi

xulosa da Suaxevis gamgeobebis mier mowodebuli monacemebi,

2006 wlis oqtomberi.

wyaro 10. 1980-ian wlebSi ekomigrantebisaTvis axali soflis mSeneb-lobis programis Sesaxeb

1980-iani wlebis dasawyisidan saxelmwifo programebiT ganisazRvra saqarTve-los 17 raionSi 55 axali soflis aSeneba.

unda aSenebuliyo 5094 saxli, faqtobrivad, aSenda 3090 saxli, romelTagan dasaxlebulia 2723. danarCeni 367 Senoba carielia. 1724 saxli dausrulebelia, xolo 280 saxlis mSenebloba arc dawyebula.

monacemebi motanilia ltolvilTa da gansaxlebis saministros 2006 wlis angariS-

idan. tom trieri, media turaSvili, dasaxelebuli naSromi gv. 14.

davaleba 3:

1. daaskveni, wyaros 6 mixedviT, riT iyo ganpirobebuli aWaridan dedof-liswyaroSi Casaxlebuli ekomigrantebis warmatebuli gansaxleba?

2. axseni, wyaroebis 8-10 mixedviT, urTierTobis ra problemebs awydebodnen adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi da ekomigrantebi, romelTa gadaWra maT damouk-ideblad ar SeeZloT?

3. gaarkvie, ra aris ekomigrantebisa da adgilobriv mcxovrebTa dapirisp-irebis ZiriTadi mizezebi?

4. gansazRvre, ra saxis sayofacxovrebo da ekonomikuri mizezebi gana-pirobebs ekomigrantTa maRal denadobas (ukumigracias) pirveladi Casaxlebis adgilebidan?

5. daasaxele, wyaro 9-is mixedviT, raioni da periodi, rodesac yvelaze maRali iyo ukumigraciis done.

6. SeimuSave jgufebSi ekomigrantTa problemebis gadaWris RonisZiebebi.

7. moawyeT SemuSavebuli RonisZiebebis prezentacia da ganixileT saerTo poziciebi.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: rogori unda iyos xelisuflebis poli-tika da sazogadoebis pozicia, raTa ekomigrantebis adaptaciisaTvis xelsayreli garemo Seiqmnas?

migracia

90 21. medlis ori mxare: qarTvelebi

da osebi (1980-90-iani wlebi)

sakvanZo SekiTxva: ratom gaxda politikuri liderebis sajaro gamosvla eTnikuri jgufis migraciis mizezi?

wyaro 1. osi politikuri lideris gamoxmaureba 1980-iani wlebis bo-los afxazeTis movlenebze

Zvirfaso afxazo megobrebo!... Cven imeds gvinergavs ,,afxazeTis sakiTxis” samarTliani da saboloo gad-

awyvetis perspeqtiva. amas ki ZaluZs Seqmnas de faqto tolfasovani pariteti precedenti e.w. mokavSire da sxva avtonomiur warmonaqmnebs Soris. ...

Cvens aRtacebas iwvevs mamacoba, erTianoba da darazmuloba afxazi xalxisa, romelic araviTar kompromisze ar midis sakiTxSi, romelic mis winaSe dgas istoriis mocemul monakveTSi _ sakiTxi sruli, upirobo erovnuli suveren-itetis aRdgenisa [...]

,,adamon nixasis~ wevrebi iseve, rogorc mTeli osi xalxi, daZabulad da Tan-agrZnobiT adevnebs Tvalyurs afxazeTis movlenebs. amis wadils aRgviZravs oseTisa da afxazeTis socialur-ekonomikuri viTarebis sakmaod didi msgavs-eba, raSic SegveZlo kidev erTxel davrwmunebuliyaviT, roca wavikiTxeT afx-azi xalxis werili XIX partiuli konferenciisadmi, raSic gvarwmunebs Cveni xalxebis kulturul-istoriuli da mravalsaukunovani kontaqtebi..., agreTve is sakmaod mniSvnelovani faqti, rom Cven amayi, damoukidebeli sulis mTieli xalxebi varT. am sulis gatexva ki Cven gmirobiTa da tanjviT aRsavse isto-riaSi mravalricxovan ,,stumarTagan~ verc erTma ver SeZlo. miT ufro dRes ver SeZlebs amas veravin imaTagan, vinc fsevdoritorikuli najRabniT ikvebeba da erovnuli zviadobis gacveTili droSiT cdilobs ,,dahyavi da ibatones~ principiT imoqmedos. magram Cveni uryevobis sawindaria Cveni megobroba da jerjerobiT mxolod moraluri mxardaWera Cveni mamaci afxazi megobrebisa da Zmebisa. oseTis xalxi Tqven mxars giWerT – mxars giWerT Cveni xelmZ-Rvanelobac, oRond mas jer simamace ar hyofnis.

a. CoCievi, adamon nixasi (saxalxo kreba), q. cxinvali. samxreTi oseTi, gaz.eTi ,,bzifi“, gudauTa, 4 aprili, 1989 w.; gazeTi ,,literaturuli saqarTvelo”, 5 maisi, 1989 w.

wyaro 2. 1990 wlis karikatura

gazeTi `Sansi~, 2 dekemberi, 1990 w.

migracia

91wyaro 3. qarTul gazeTSi gamoqveynebuli gazeT ,,sovetos irisTonis”

saredaqcio statia a. CoCievis werilze

a. CoCievis werilis gamoqveynebam `SeiZleba warmoSvas arasasiamovno tenden-ciebi respublikis erTaSoris urTierTobaTa ganviTarebaSi...

vis aZlevs xels amgvari werilebis wera da gamoqveyneba? am kiTxvas erTa-derTi pasuxi SeiZleba gaeces: es sWirdebaT maT, visac swadia erTaSoris SuRlis gaRviveba, qarTvelTa da osTa Zmuri urTierTobis moSla. ai, ratom gmobs olqis (samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi _ red.) sazogadoeba am weri-lis gamoqveynebis faqts, gmobs werilis avtors. rogorc gamoirkva, es werili piradad a. CoCievma dawera da amaze araferi icodnen araformaluri gaerTian-eba ,,adamon nixasis” prezidiumis wevrebmac ki. amitom a. CoCievis es mosazreba mTeli osi xalxis azrad ar unda CavTvaloT.

dRes, ise rogorc arasdros, aucilebelia ufro xSirad mivapyroT Tvali qarTvelTa da osTa urTierTobis istorias, romelic mdidaria WeSmariti Zmo-bis, urTierTTanadgomisa da urTierTgagebis magaliTebiT.

istoriulma xvedrma Cven imdenad dagvakavSira, rom Cvens mravalerovan kav-SirSi tradiciaTa, kulturaTa siaxlovis da naTesaur urTierTobaTa aseTi sxva magaliTi ar arsebobs.

gazeTi `literaturuli saqarTvelo,~ 12 maisi, 1989 w.

wyaro 4. qarTveli politikuri lideri zviad gamsaxurdia 1980-iani wlebis bolos saqarTveloSi Seqmnil viTarebaze

roca Cven vebrZviT afxazi da osi eqstremistebis Zaladobas, maT mier is-toriis gayalbebas, vamxelT maT mier qarTvelTa Seviwrovebis faqtebs _ es helsinkis xelSekrulebis SesrulebisaTvis brZolaa [...] vibrZviT mSvidobiani politikuri brZolis gziT, vamxelT usamarTlobas, ukanonobas Cveni sazoga-doebriv-politikuri cxovrebis yvela sferoSi.

[...] Cven axla katastrofuli demografiuli mdgomareoba gvaqvs [...] gaZli-erda azerbaijanuli eqspansia qarTl-kaxeTSi, gaZlierda osuri separatizmi e.w. samxreT oseTSi, sadac qarTul mosaxleobas osuri Sovinizmi emuqre-ba. oseTis saxalxo fronti, e.w. `adamon nixasi,~ aqezebs osur mosaxleobas, avrcelebs moskovidan Camotanil rukebs, sadac aRmosavleT saqarTvelo al-anTa qveynad aris gamocxadebuli da amtkicebs, TiTqos istoriuli samaCablo osuri miwa-wyalia, sadac osebi XIII saukuneSi ki ar Camosaxldnen, rogorc cnobilia saqarTvelos istoriaSi, aramed aq viTomdac odiTgan mkvidrobdnen. amis Sedegad grZeldeba `adamon nixasis~ provokatorTa agresiuli mitingebi. qarTvelTagan moiTxoven TavianTi miwa-wylis datovebas.

nawyveti zviad gamsaxurdias interviudan, gazeTi `axalgazrda komunisti~,

14 seqtemberi, 1989 w.

wyaro 5. gancxadeba cxinvalSi dagegmili mitingis Sesaxeb

dRes 15 saaTze istoriul samaCabloSi, dRevandeli samxreT oseTis avtono-miur olqSi, cxinvalis centrSi, adgilobrivi qarTveli mosaxleobis inicia-tiviT gaimarTeba sanqcirebuli mitingi. mitingis monawileobis msurvelebi dRes dilis 9 saaTidan Seikribebian sportis sasaxlesTan da kinos saxlTan, sadac mobilizebuli iqneba transporti.

gazeTi „axalgazrda komunisti“, 23 noemberi, 1989 w.

migracia

92wyaro 6. informacia cxinvalSi dagegmili mitingis CaSlis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos sxvadasxva formalur Tu araformalur sazogadoebriv

organizaciaTa warmomadgenlebis monawileobiT 23 noembers istoriul

samaCabloSi, q. cxinvalSi unda Catarebuliyo mitingi, romlis mizanic iyo

qarTvel da os erebs Soris warmoSobili seriozuli konfliqtis mogvareba,

rom dawyebuliyo konstruqciuli dialogi. magram samSvidobo misia ar

Sedga. Tbilisidan da saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxidan Casuli momitingeebi

qarTlSi ar SeuSves (?!). amitom cxinvalSi mivlinebulma Cvenma specialurma

korespodentebma ver SeZles dagegmili reportaJis momzadeba.

gazeTi `axalgazrda komunisti~, 25 noemberi, 1989 w.

wyaro 7. cxinvalis misadgomebTan, 23 noemberi, 1989 w.

wyaro 8. sabWoTa jariskacebi cxinvalis misadgomebTan, 23 noemberi, 1989 w.

http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/1885523.html

http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/1885523.html

migracia

93wyaro 9. cxinvalidan devnilis dRiuridan

2 ianvari, 1991 weli... zamTris susxiani dRea... bedoba dRe... bednierebac damekveba da ubedurebac... bednieri var, gogona SemeZina, patara maka. Zalian lamazi gogonaa... ubeduri ki im faqtiT, rom guSin Cveni saxli gadawves cxinvalSi... arada, ra kargi mezobloba da urTierToba gvqonda Cven, qarTvel da os ojaxebs... Cven erTmaneTisaTvis keTili mezoblebi viyaviT, erTmaneTs mxarSi vudeqiT WirSic da lxinSic... axla ki tanze SerCenili samosis amara iZulebulebi varT Cems sofelSi, mSoblebTan varianSi davsaxldeT... RmerTo, Sen iyav Semwe Cveni keTili mezoblobis aRdgenisa...

amonaridi piradi dRiuridan (mariam maisuraZe, sofeli variani).

davaleba 1:

daiyaviT jgufebad. gaecaniT wyaroebs 1_9 da SeasruleT Semdegi davalebebi:

1. opiziciis politikuri liderebis mimarTvebSi (wyaroebi 1, 4) moniSneT frazebi, winadadebebi, romlebic:

a) aRvivebs erebs Soris daZabulobas;b) xels uwyobs konfliqtis mogvarebas;

2. periodul gamocemaSi (wyaro 2) gamoqveynebuli informaciis mixedviT, gansazRvreT xelisuflebis pozicia da SeadareT is opoziciis liderebis Tvalsazriss.

3. daakvirdiT wyaroebs 7, 8 da gansazRvreT:a) rogori ganwyoba ikiTxeba am fotoebze: mSvidobiani? Zaladobrivi? b) ra ikiTxeba fotoze (wyaro 8) warmodgenil lozungze? ra qmedebebisaken

mouwodebs aseTi lozungi?

4. wyaroebis 1–9 mixedviT gansazRvreT: istoriuli movle nebis ganviTarebis mizezebi 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi? gaixseneT, ra migraciuli procesebi mohyva am movlenebs? ras SecvlidiT, raTa movlenebi sxva gziT ganviTarebuliyo?

jgufebSi Sesrulebuli samuSao warudgineT klass.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra gavlena iqonia 1980-iani wlebis bo-losa da 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisis movlenebma saqarTvelos mosaxleo-bis migraciul procesebze?

migracia

94 22. sami qalis dRiuri:

baltiispirelebis bedi

saqarTveloSi

sakvanZo SekiTxva: ra pirobebi iyo baltiispirelebis integracii-saTvis XX saukunis qarTul sazogadoebaSi?

1. litvelebi saqarTveloSi

wyaro 1.1. litvelebis saqarTveloSi dasaxlebis istoria

y pirveli cnobebi saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi litvelebis Sesaxeb XIX sauku-nis meore naxevridan gvxvdeba. zogi aq msaxurobda, sxvebi gadmoasaxles. aq mcxovreb litvelTa Soris iyvnen maswavleblebi, eqimebi, inJinrebi, farmacevtebi, mosamsaxureebi, romlebic mefis ruseTis xelisuflebam (maSin litva ruseTis imperiis Semadgeneli nawili iyo) `samsaxuris sasargeblod~ ruseTis sxva adgilebidan gadmoiyvana.

y 1912 w. daarsda urTierTdaxmarebis litvuri sazogadoeba. Tavmjdomared airCies me-4 vaJTa gimnaziis maTematikis maswavlebeli pranas dailide.

y litvelebis ricxvma amierkavkasiaSi gansakuTrebiT imata pirveli msof-lio omis dros. eseni iyvnen ltolvilebi da gadmosaxlebulebi, aseve litveli jariskacebi, romlebsac mefis xelisufleba kavkasiis frontze TurqeTis winaaRmdeg saomrad gzavnida.

y yvelaze mravalricxovani iyo litvelTa Tbilisis kolonia. yvela amierkav kasieli litveli TbilisSi moxvedras cdilobda. aqve Seiqmna kavkasiis lit velTa sabWo, romlis ZiriTad saqmianobas warmoadgenda litvelTa registri reba da aRricxva, litvelTa samSobloSi dabrunebis organizeba, ris Sedegadac sakuTar qveyanaSi 10 aTasi adamiani dabrunda.

y litvelTa sabWo, faqtobrivad, warmoadgenda litvis araoficialur sa-konsulos amierkavkasiaSi. 1918 wlis 30 agvistos pranas dailide dainiSna litvis sruluflebian warmomadgenlad saqarTveloSi, romelsac Tavisi Tanamemamuleebis uflebebi unda daecva.

Jurn. „Лучше знатъ друг друга“, Тб., 2009, gv. 51.

migracia

95wyaro 1.2. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi litveli qalis mogoneba

davibade litvaSi, qalaq kaunasSi. davamTavre kaunasis samedicino instituti. CemTan erTad swa-v lobda Temur qaruxniSvili _ Cemi momavali meu-R le. 1970 wels kaunasSi davqorwindiT, Semdeg ki TbilisSi CamovediT. muSaoba daviwye janmrTelo-bis dacvis saministroSi. gvyavs ori Svili. Cemi meuRle gorgasalis ordenis kavaleria. davi ca-vi sakandidato disertacia. maqvs umaRlesi ka te-go riis eqimi-kardiologis wodeba. amasTanave var litvuri sazogadoebis `rutas~ Tavmjdomare. es organizacia oficialurad dare gis trirda 1996

wels TbilisSi. is iren jiqiam daaarsa. `ruta~, romelic 60-mde wevrs iTvlis, mniSvnelovani mxardaWeriT sar geb-

lobs litvidanac da litvis saelCodanac. gvigzavnian wignebs, filmebs, DVD diskebs, plakatebs. arsebobs specialuri proeqtebi, romelTa mizania msofli-oSi gafantul litvelebs, maT Soris, saqarTveloSic mWidro kavSiri hqondeT samSoblosTan, raTa SeinarCunon ena, tradiciebi, samzareulo, dResaswaulebi, mTel msoflioSi vrceldeba Jurnalebi. diasporasTan funqcionirebs sakvirao skola, romelic yovelwliurad afinansebs Cvens litvel-qarTvel bavSvebs, raTa gaemgzavron litvaSi sazafxulo banakebSi da 2-3 kvira daisvenon.

saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi yvela litvelis Svilebi qarTul skolebSi swav-loben. ZiriTadad ojaxebi Sereulia. sazogadoebis wevrTa umravlesoba qarTvelebze gaTxovili litveli qalebia.

interviu zinaida qaruxniSvilTan, Caiwera ia xubaSvilma, 2009 wlis 10 oqtomberi.

wyaro 1.3. litvuri sazogadoebis `rutas~ roli qarTul-litvuri ur-TierTobis saqmeSi

a) 2002 wels `rutas~ TaosnobiT sazeimod aRniSna litvuri literaturis klasikosis antanas vienolis-Jukauskasis dabadebidan 120 wlis iubile. sazei-mod gaixsna memorialuri dafa im afTiaqis Senobaze, sadac is muSaobda Tbi-lisSi yofnis dros 1903-1905 wlebSi. kavkasiur saxlSi moewyo mwerlis xs-ovnis saRamo. naCvenebi iqna litveli klasikosis cxovrebisa da Semoqmedebis amsaxveli dokumenturi filmi.

b) 1998 wlis ivlisSi diasporis folklorulma

ansamblma - `ruta zaligi~ - monawileoba miiRo mTeli msoflios litvelTa cekvisa da simReris rigiT meore festivalSi, romelic vilniusSi Ca-tarda. diasporis cxovrebaSi mniSvnelovan Ron-isZiebas warmoadgenda litvis kulturis dReebi saqarTveloSi.

migracia

96g) 2006 wels litvuri wignebis fondis mxardaWeriT, romelic daarsebulia

litvis respublikis kulturisa da sportis ganviTarebis fondTan, qarTul enaze gamoica Tanamedrove litvuri proza `Cemi velebi~.

2008 wels damTavrda proeqti, romlis mizanic iyo qarTulad Targmniliyo litvuri simRerebi, folkloruli istoriuli simRerebi, romlebSic asaxu-lia nacionaluri adaT-wesebi. Pproeqti dafinansebuli iyo litvis saxelmwi-fos mier. wignis mxatvari, redaqtori da proeqtis avtoric qarTvelebi iyvnen.

Jurnali `Лучше знатъ друг друга~, Тб., 2009, gv. 43, 51.

wyaro 1.4. religiis roli litvelTa cxovrebaSi

litvis saxelmwifo religia kaTolikobaa. wina saukuneebSi kaTolikuri eklesia cdilobda ar daeSva qorwineba arakaTolikebs Soris. dReisaTvis col-qmris erToblivi mrwamsi ojaxis keTildReobis mniSvnelovan pirobad iTvleba, magram miuxedavad amisa, eklesia ar ewinaaRmdegeba Sereul qorwine-bas. Zalian bevria saerTo qristianuli wes-Cveuleba, iqneba es taZrebis, binis Tu sxvadasxva nivTis kurTxeva, dakrZalvis ritualebi.

Jurnali `saqarTvelos qalebi~, Tb., 2006, gv. 44-45.

2. latvielebi saqarTveloSi

wyaro 2.1. latvielebis diasporis istoria saqarTveloSi

a) latvielTa pirveli didi diaspora TbilisSi pirveli msoflio omis Sem-deg Camoyalibda. oficialurad sazogadoeba daregistrirebuli iyo mixailovis prospeqtis # 180-Si (axlandeli daviT aRmaSeneblis # 180). sabWoTa xelisu-flebis damyarebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi gamovida kanoni ucxoel moqalaqeTa Sesaxeb, romlebsac qveyana unda daetovebinaT. latvielebs, sxva ucxoelebis msgavsad, qoneba CamoerTvaT da isini deportirebul iqnen samSobloSi.

Jurnali `Лучше знать друг друга~, Тб., 2009, gv. 45.

b) latvielTa meore diasporis daarseba meore msoflio oms ukavSirdeba. 1940 wlis 17 ivniss sabWoTa jarebis mier latviis okupaciis Semdeg, sasa-marTlos gareSe, latviidan sabWoTa kavSiris mTel teritoriaze, maT Soris, saqarTveloSi sabWoTa xelisuflebam daaxloebiT 20 aTasi adamiani gadaa-saxla. 1941-1945 wlebSi germanelma nacistebma latvia daipyres. 1945 wlis 8 maiss sabWoTa jarebma gaaTavisufles latvia germaneli nacistebisagan. 1949 wlis 25 marts sabWoTa xelisuflebam meored ganaxorciela deportacia da sabWoTa kavSiris Soreul teritoriebze, maT Soris, saqarTveloSic, gadaa-saxla 43 aTasi adamiani. TbilisSi latvielebi dasaxldnen germanul kolo-niaSi, romelic mdebareobda didubeSi, baRis quCaze.

http:// www. Acadbib./ v/

migracia

97g) latviidan saqarTveloSi Camosuli emigrantebi TbilisSi dasaxldnen

da xelaxla daiwyes cxovreba. maT gaxsnes maRaziebi, afTiaqebi. maT Soris

yvelaze cnobili iyo evgenis zemelis afTiaqi. latvielebi muSaobdnen Te-

atrebSi, saxelosnoebSi da a.S. gansakuTrebiT didi roli iTamaSes latvielma

inJinrebma saqarTvelos eleqtrofikaciis saqmeSi.

Ppeteris urkevici iyo amierkavkasiis samoqalaqo aviaciis pirveli minis-

tri. misi Svilebi da SvilTaSvilebi SromiT saqmianobas dResac agrZeleben

saqarTveloSi. arnold zibergsi 40 weli muSaobda qarxana `centrolitis~ di-

reqtoris moadgiled. Aarturs griSansma ki mTeli Tavisi saqmianoba qarTuli

sahaero transportis ganviTarebas daukavSira. 1941-43 wlebSi saqarTvelos ki-

nostudiaSi mxatvar-dekoratorad muSaobda mxatvari roman suta. igi filmis

`giorgi saakaZis~ mxatvar-konsultanti iyo.

Информасионний Календарь, 2003 w.

d) latvielTa diaspora saqarTveloSi mcxovreb sxva diasporebTan Sedare-

biT mcirea [...] ZiriTadi nawili umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone asakovani xalxia.

Bbevr maTgans samecniero xarisxic aqvs. maTma Taobam SeinarCuna latviuri ena.

maTi Svilebi da SvilTaSvilebi ki ZiriTadad qarTulad, ufro naklebad ki

latviurad saubroben. Aamitomac diasporasTan moqmedebs sakvirao skola, sadac

swavloben latviur enas, simRerebsa da cekvebs. diasporis wevrebi icmeven na-

cionalur tansacmels da monawileobas iReben sxvadasxva koncertsa da festi-

valSi, romlebsac saqarTveloSi nacionaluri umciresobebi marTaven [...]

ukanasknel wlebSi latviam diaspora aRiara Tavis Semadgenel nawilad. or-

ganizaciis wevrebs sistematurad iwveven latviaSi konferenciebze, simRerisa

da cekvis dResaswaulebze, romlebic yovel 4 weliwadSi erTxel imarTeba.

latviis ulamazes adgilebSi Seiqmna sazafxulo banakebi, sadac msoflios

yvela qveynidan iwveven latviel ojaxTa sam Taobas [...] interviu regina koleda-iakobiZesTan Caiwera ia xubaSvilma, 2009 wlis 12 oqtomberi.

wyaro 2.2. saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi latvieli qalis bedi

a) davibade rigaSi. davamTavre latviis saxelmwifo universitetis ekonomi-

kis fakulteti, moskovis saxelmwifo universitetis aspirantura. aspirantu-

raSi swavlis dros gavicani Cemi momavali meuRle daviT iakobiZe (SemdgomSi

saqarTvelos finansTa ministri, romlis xelmowerac aris qarTuli fulis

– laris erTe ulze _ red.) da davqorwindiT. 1975 wels rigaSi sakandida-

to disertacia davicavi. vkiTxulobdi leqciebs saqarTvelos politeqnikur

institut sa da puSkinis saxelobis saxelmwifo pedagogiur institutSi, 1990

wlidan ki Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetSi.

b) latvielTa diaspora 1994 wels Cemi uSualo TaosnobiT daarsda. mas

ian rainisis poemis saxelwodeba – Ave Sol (dideba mzes) davarqviT. amiT Cven

gvinda vTqvaT, rom msoflios mze aerTianebs da araviTari dayofa sikeTemde

ar migviyvans. Cveni diasporis saxelwodeba amave dros mokle gzavnilicaa:

Segnebam imisa, rom Cven jer adamianebi varT da mere latvielebi, qarTvelebi,

rusebi Tu somxebi. latvielTa sazogadoeba 200 wevrs iTvlis. var latviis

sapatio konsuli saqarTveloSi.

interviu regina koleda-iakobiZesTan Caiwera ia xubaSvilma, 2009 wlis 12 oqtomberi.

migracia

98 wyaro 2.3. qarTul-latviuri Sereuli ojaxebis Sesaxeb

a) meore msoflio omis Semdeg Camosulma latvielebma qarTvelebTan qor-

winebiT Sereuli ojaxebi Seqmnes. ase gaCnda qarTul-latviuri ojaxebi. Se-

reul ojaxebSi qals damate-

biTi pasuxismgebloba akisria.

man Svilebi ise unda aRzardos,

rom isini erTnairi pasuxismge-

blobiT moekidon orive erovne-

bis kulturasa da tradiciebs.

latviur-qarTul ojaxebSi ar

momxdara bavSvebis rusifikacia.

maTi umravlesoba swavlobda

da swavlobs qarTul skoleb-

Si da SesaniSnavad flobs qar-

Tul enas. piradad Cems ojaxSi

patara globaluri samyaro ar-

sebobs; vsaubrobT qarTul, ru-

sul, latviur da inglisur ene-

bze. Cemma vaJma, romelic rigaSi

daibada, qarTveli gogona SeirTo colad, TbilisSi dabadebuli qaliSvili,

nino iakobiZe ki latviels gahyva colad. nino 2004 wlidan Tavmjdomareobs

latviis qarTul sazogadoebas `samSoblo~. sazogadoebaSi saqarTvelodan re-

patrirebuli yvela adamiania gawevrianebuli.

b) unda iTqvas, rom latvieli qalebisaTvis arc Tu ise advilia qarTuli

kulturisa da tradiciis miReba, magram ojaxis faseuloba nebismier situa-

cias agvarebs. Sereul ojaxebSi iSviaTad ismis kiTxva: vin ukeTesia, qarTveli

Tu latvieli? bavSvebs SesaniSnavad esmiT, ra aris kargi da ra cudi. prob-

lema ojaxSi araa.

interviu regina koleda-iakobiZesTan, Caiwera ia xubaSvilma,

2009 wlis 12 oqtomberi.

wyaro 2.4. latviuri diasporis kulturuli saqmianoba

latviuri diasporis pirveli erToblivi RonisZieba iyo ligos dResaswau-

li, romelsac warmarTuli istoriuli fesvebi aqvs da aRniSnaven yoveli wlis

23 da 24 ivniss. es aris Ramis dResaswauli koconebiT, ludiTa da yveliT. am

dros maTi saxlis karebi Riaa mezoblebisTvis, megobrebisa da SemTxveviTi

stumrebisTvisac ki. latvielebi Caketili da individualizmiT gamorCeuli

xalxia. maT arasodes ucxovriaT Temebad, amitomacaa ligos zeimi gansakuTre-

buli datvirTvis. ligo erTianobis zeimia da misi aRniSvna martoobaSi ar

SeiZleba. zeimis damTavrebis Semdeg irkveva, vin ukeTesi maspinZeli iyo.

interviu regina koleda-iakobiZesTan, Caiwera ia xubaSvilma,

2009 wlis 12 oqtomberi.

latviuri diasporis warmomadgenlebi

migracia

993. estonelebi saqarTveloSi

wyaro 3.1. estonuri diasporis istoria saqarTveloSi

jer kidev XIX saukuneSi afxazeTSi gaCnda estonuri dasaxlebebi. dRes saqarTveloSi cxovrobs patara estonuri diaspora. rogorc wesi, am adamianebs ormagi moqalaqeoba aqvT, romlebsac erTnairad uyvarT estoneTic da saqarTve-loc. estonuri diasporis xelmZRvanelia regina kaxiZe, romelic dainterese-bul pirebs estonur enas aswavlis da mTargmnelobiT saqmianobasac eweva.

Jurnali `Лучше знать друг друга~, Тб, 2009. gv. 92.

wyaro 3.2. estonelebis dasaxleba gagris raionSi

sabWoTa periodSi, jer kidev meore msoflio omamde estonelebis erT-erTi dasaxleba iyo gagris raionSi, salmenis soflis sabWosTan arsebuli stalin-is saxelobis kolmeurneoba. zogi aq sakuTari nebiT gadmosaxlda, rodesac siduxWiresa da mciremiwianobas gamoeqca, zogi ki iZulebis wesiT daasaxles, rogorc sasjeli.

wyaro 3.3. estoneli qalis mogonebebi

a) davibade 1944 wlis 16 Tebervals estoneT-

Si, qalaq piarnuSi. mama _ eduard palmi Teatris

cnobili reJisori iyo. igi 1945 wels cimbirSi

gadaasaxles da samgzis gaqcevis mcdelobisaTvis

daxvrites. 1962 wels talinSi davamTavre skola.

viyavi qalTa kalaTburTis gundis kapitani. sko-

lis damTavrebisTanave Cems gundTan erTad mosk-

ovSi gavemgzavre, sadac tardeboda sabWoTa kav-

Siris Cempionati kalaTburTSi. iq gavicani Cemi

momavali meuRle daviT bedia, romelic qarTvel

kalaTburTelTa gundis ̀ dinamos~ kapitani iyo. ma-

Sin 18 wlis viyavi, daviTi ki 19-is. moskovis Semdeg

saqarTvelos ero v-nuli arqivi, kino- foto-fono ganyo-fileba, salmenis sof-lis sabWos albomi, A37.

salmenis soflis sabWo-sTan arsebuli stalinis saxelobis kolmeurne qalebi vazis nargevebs uvlian, 1940 w.

iuta palmi

migracia

100gvqonda mimowera. 1963 wels davqorwindiT. sacxovreblad TbilisSi gadmovedi.

qarTulis Seswavla daviwye. 1973 wels davamTavre i. WavWavaZis saxelobis

ucxo enaTa saxelmwifo pedagogiuri instituti germanuli enis specialobiT

da muSaoba daviwye literaturuli Targmanis mTavar saredaqcio kolegiaSi.

myavs ori Svili; gogona inga da vaJi _ daviTi.

b) bunebam enebis advilad Seswavlis niWiT damajildova. vflob 6 enas, vxat-

av da vmReri. 1975 wels pirvelad vTargmne estonur enaze n. dumbaZis `didro~,

1977 wels talinSi gamovida misi moTxrobebis krebuli saxelwodebiT `mze~,

Semdeg vTargmne r. inaniSvilis moTxrobebi, n. dumbaZis romani `maradisobis

kanoni~, a. kusraSvilis, o. WilaZis, n. lorTqifaniZis, g. rCeuliSvilis, g. pe-

triaSvilis nawarmoebebi. vTargmne, aseve, m. javaxiSvilis `kvaWi kvaWantiraZe~.

mTargmnelobiTi gamocdileba damexmara da 1981 wels daviwye SoTa rusTave-

lis `vefxistyaosnis~ Targmna, romelic aTi wlis Semdeg davasrule. es poema

estoneTSi ramdenjerme gamoica.

g) me ar mjera im adamianebis, vinc amayad acxadebs: `me ori samSoblo maqvs~.

samSoblo erTia. Mme Zalian miyvars saqarTvelo, am qveynis moqalaqe var, ma-

gram Cemi samSoblo estoneTia. gana SeiZleba gulgrili viyo im miwisadmi,

sadac davibade da gavizarde, sadac vcxovrobdi. mxolod maSin xar Seni sam-

Soblos erTguli, Tu mudam gexsomeba is.

d) iuta palmi-bedia damakavSirebeli xidi gaxda estoneT-saqarTvelos

mxatvrul-literaturuli saqmianobis sferoSi. misi saxeli estoneTis encik-

lopediaSia Setanili. igi 1996 wels gardaicvala.

iuta palmis mogonebidan, Jurnali `Лучше знать друг друга~, Тб, 2009, gv. 92.

wyaro 3. 4. tartus universitetis iubile TbilisSi

2008 wlis oqtomberSi aRiniSna tartus universitetis 375 wlis iubile. Aam

xnis ganmavlobaSi iq daaxloebiT 500 qarTveli swavlobda. es sazeimo TariRi

TbilisSic aRiniSna. mixeil TumaniSvilis saxelobis kinomsaxiobTa TeatrSi

moewyo estoneTis cekvis ansamblis gastrolebi. am saRamoze estonuri diaspo-

ris xelmZRvanels saqarTveloSi regina kaxiZes gadaeca estoneTis respub-

likis mexuTe klasis `TeTri varskvlavi~ samSoblosa da estoneli xalxis

winaSe damsaxurebisaTvis.iqve.

migracia

101davaleba:

daiyaviT sam jgufad

y litveli qalis mogonebebi y latvieli qalis mogonebebi y estoneli qalis mogonebebi

da mocemuli wyaroebis daxmarebiT dawereT erTi furceli erT an or qvemoT miTiTebul Temaze:

a) yoveldRiuri cxovrebab) urTierToba qarTul garemosTang) axal garemoSi cxovrebis siZneleebid) sazeimo dReebie) litvelebis/latvielebis/estonelebis moRvaweoba. saqarTveloSi datove-

buli kvali

TiToeulma jgufma warmoadgineT muSaobis Sedegebi.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra aris saerTo saqarTveloSi mcxovre-bi baltiispireli qalebis bedSi?

migracia

102 23. `sxva saqarTvelo sad aris~:

1990-iani wlebis emigracia

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom tovebdnen saqarTvelos moqalaqeebi samSo-blos 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi?

wyaro 1. emigrantebis eTnikuri Semadgenloba

saqarTvelodan wasuli emigrantebis umetes nawils erovnuli umcireso-bebi Seadgens. magaliTisaTvis movitanT 1992 wlis monacemebs. es periodi emi-graciis gansakuTrebuli intensiurobiT gamoirCeoda. saqarTvelodan gasul pirTa 60%-s rusebi da ukrainelebi Seadgens. maTi umetesoba qalaqelebi ar-ian. saqarTvelodan wasul azerbaijanelTa umetoba soflelebia [...] emigra-ciaSi wasuli somxebis didi nawili ruseTSi an ucxoeTSi gadaixvewa. osebis migraciuli aqtiuroba 1992 wels iyo da ganpirobebuli iyo qarTul-osuri konfliqtis eskalaciiT.

guram svaniZe, emigracia saqarTelodan da misi gamomwvevi mizezebi (sociologiuri

gamokiTxvis Sedegebi), iuridiuli Jurnali, 1998, #1, gv. 71-73.

davaleba 1:

1. ganixileT, ra movlenebi moxda saqarTveloSi 1991-1992 wlebSi, ramac, Tqveni azriT, aiZula es adamianebi saqarTvelodan wasuliyvnen?

2. daadgineT maTi Tanmimdevroba.

wyaro 2. qarTuli kuponis mimarT ucxouri valutis kursi

ucxouri valuta1993 w.

23 seqtemberi1994 w.

27 ianvari

inglisuri girvanqa sterlingi 18,468.07 kuponi 227,119.58 kuponi

germanuli marka 7,489.61 kuponi 106,949.09 kuponi

aSS dolari 12,047.00 kuponi 185,675.00 kuponi

franguli franki 2,146.48 kuponi 31,428.33 kuponi

100 rusuli rubli 1,140.00 kuponi 1,110.00 kuponi

saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis mier dadgenili ucxouri valutis kursi qarTuli kuponis mimarT, 1993 wlis 23 seqtemberi da 1994 wlis 27 ianvari.

migracia

103wyaro 3. saqarTvelos respublikis erovnuli bankis gamgeobis dadge-

nileba saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis 100 000 Rirebulebis nomi-nalis kuponis mimoqcevaSi gamoSvebis Sesaxeb

gamoSvebul iqnes mimoqcevaSi saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis kuponi – 100 000 Rirebulebis nominaliT.P

bankis prezidenti n. javaxiSvili

Tbilisi, 25 Tebervali, 1994 w. .

wyaro 4. gancxadeba gazeTSi eleqtroenergiis miuwodeblobis Sesaxeb

Zvirfaso mkiTxvelo!gasul SabaTs, 5 marts, Cveni gazeTi isev da isev eleqtroenergiis mouwode-

blobis gamo ver gamovida! kidev erTxel (es ukve meramdened) gixdiT bodiSs da gulwrfelad vwuxvarT, rom saqenergos mouqneli, uniaTo muSaobis gamo, mdgomareoba ver gamovasworeT! iqneb dReidan mainc...

gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~, #35 (838), 8 marti, 1994 w.

wyaro 5. cxovrebis xarisxis indeqsi, 2005 w.

adgili qveyana cxovrebis xarisxi (10 qulidan)

1 irlandia 8.333

22 saberZneTi 7.163

85 somxeTi 5.422

86 azerbaijani 5.377

87 saqarTvelo 5.365

111 zimbabve 3.892

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality-of-life_index

davaleba 2:

Seafase, wyaroebis 2-5 mixedviT, saqarTveloSi arsebuli ekonomikuri mdgomareo-ba.

wyaro 6. afxazeTis respublikis konstitucia, 1994 wlis 26 noemberiCven, afxazeTis xalxi, vaxorcilebT ra sakuTari TviTgamorkvevis uflebas...

sazeimod vacxadebT da vadgenT am konstitucias [...]Mmuxli 1.respublika afxazeTi (afsni) aris suverenuli, demokratiuli, samarTlebri-

vi saxelmwifo, romelic Camoyalibda xalxTa Tavisufali TviTgamorkvevis uflebiT [...]

regionuli konfliqtebi saqarTveloSi _ samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi, afxaze-

Tis assr (1989-2005). politikur-samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli, Tb., 2005, gv.194-195.

migracia

104wyaro 7. samxreT oseTis respublikis konstitucia (ZiriTadi kanoni),

1993 wlis 2 noemberi

samxreT oseTis xalxi, gamoxatavs ra Tavisuflebisa da demokratiisadmi swrafvas, [...] acxadebs ra samxreT oseTis respublikas suverenul saxelmwi-fod da erTa Tanamegobrobis Tanasworuflebian subieqtad, iRebs am konstitu-cias, Cveni xalxisa da saxelmwifos ZiriTad kanons...

gazeTi „Южная Осетия”, #132, 8 dekemberi, 1993 w.

wyaro 8. saqarTvelos parlamentis dadgenileba afzazeTSi konfliq-tis mowesrigebis RonisZiebebis Sesaxeb, 1996 wlis 17 aprili

[...] separatistebis mier organizebuli terorisa da aparteiduli reJimis msxverpli gaxdnen aseve afxazeTis berZnebi, ebraelebi, rusebi, ukrainelebi, somxebi da TviT afzaxebic, romelTa erTi nawili iZulebuli gaxda mietove-bina saxl-kari da Tavi Seefarebina saqarTvelos sxva qalaqebisa da raionebi-saTvis, sazRvargareTis qveynebisaTvis.

Pparlamentis uwyebebi. saqarTvelos parlamentis yovelkvireuli Jurnali, 1996, #5-6, gv.56.

davaleba 3:

Seafase, wyaroebis 6-8 mixedviT, saqarTveloSi arsebuli politikuri vi-Tareba.

wyaro 9. respublikaSi moqmedebs sagangebo wesebi

... im mZime kriminogenuli viTarebis Taobaze, ris gamoc aucilebeli gaxda respublikaSi sagangebo wesebis SemoReba. 8 TveSi registrirebulia 12 850 sisxlis samarTlis danaSauli, moxda 573 ganzrax mkvleloba, 200-ze meti sxeu-lis ganzrax mZime dazianeba, Cadenilia 2000-mde Zarcva-yaCaRoba, respublikis sxvadasxva regionSi saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo magistralebze daTareSoben SeiaraRebuli bandebi, romelTa Soris gansakuTrebiT aqtiuroben sxvadasxva ukanono SeiraRebuli dajgufebebi... danaSaulis 60%-ze meti cecxlsasroli iaraRis gamoyenebiT aris Cadenili.

interviu saqarTvelos respublikis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrTan, policiis general-maiorTan jemal miqelaZesTan. gazeTi „saqarTvelos respulika,“

21 seqtemberi, 1993 w., #207, gv. 3.

wyaro 10. emigrantebis mdgomareoba sazRvargareT

[...] vizebis vadis gasvlis Semdeg saberZneTSi Casuli emigrantebi, ZiriTadad ki, ojaxis marCenali qalebi, sxvadasxva asakis adamianTa tyveobaSi xvdebian. yvelaze mZime samuSaod bavSvebisa da loginad Cavardnili moxucebis movla iTvleba. Tumca, gamonaklisi SemTxvevebi aqac aris.

emigranti qalebi, umetesad, gamiznulad midian am nabijze. Tumca, zogjer ufulod da upasportod, ucxo enis armcodneni, Ria cis qveS, bedis anabara rCebian. vinc ena icis, mas meti fasi aqvs. amdenad Seuracxyofas ar iTmens. axalbedebs ki, romlebsac enis barieris gamo `uenoebs~ uwodeben, didxans uw-evT lodini, vidre maTTvis misaReb samsaxurs iSovian. amitom ojaxSi fulis gamogzavnis nacvlad, valebs igroveben.

nino cxoiZe, mdidari berZnebi sxvebze metad qarTvel qalebs endobian.trefikingi, Tu iZulebiTi monoba?!, Jurnali `emigranti”, #2, 5-19 ivlisi, 2004 w.

migracia

105wyaro 11. gazeTi kulturuli da sportuli cxovrebis Sesaxeb 1990-iani

wlebis Sua xanis saqarTveloSi

a) cameti wlis ganSorebis Semdeg mSobliur TbilisSi 4 agvistos Tbilisis musikaluri centri da simfoniuri orkestri umaspinZlebs cnobil qarTvel diriJors herbert fon karaianis saxelobis konkursis erTad-erT qarTvel laureats, amJamad ki, samxreT koreis cnobili orkestrisa da erovnuli saop-ero Teatris mTavar diriJors vaxtang Jordanias.

gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~, # 89, 25 ivlisi, 1995 w.

b) tradiciuli karates qarTveli ostatebi amerikis Ria Cemtionatze imsaxu-reben oc medals, maTi sen-sei paata WeliZe ki Cemtionatis saukeTeso mwvrTne-lis did oqros medals.

gazeTi `saqarTvelos respublika~, #89, 25 ivlisi 1995 w.

davaleba 4:

1. daiyaviT jgufebad da wyaroebis 1-11 mixedviT.SeavseT Canawerebis furceli 1.

Canawerebis furceli #1 ra mniSvnelovani movlenebi iyo saqarTveloSi 1990-ian wlebSi?

TariRipolitikuri movlenebi

Eekonomikurimovlenebi

socialurimovlenebi

yoveldRiuroba

2. TiToeulma jgufma daasaxelos xuTi mizezi, ris gamoc SeiZleboda saqarTvelos datoveba an darCena.

CawereT es mizezebi Canawerebis furcelze #2.

Canawerebis furceli #2.ratom tovebdnen saqarTvelos 1992-1993 wlebSi

.

_ saqarTvelos datovebis + darCenis 5 mizezi

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: SeZles Tu ara 1990-iani wlebis emig-rantebma sxva saqarTvelos naxva?

0-1 +1 +2

+3

+4

+5

-2

-3

-4

-5

rel

igia

10624. kanoni da realoba

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo sabWoTa saxelmwifos religiuri politika 1920-40-ian wlebSi?

wyaro 1. saxalxo komisarTa sabWos dekreti saxelmwifos religiur

po litikaze

1. eklesia saxelmwifosgan gamoyofilia...

3. TiToeul moqalaqes SeuZlia iwamos nebismieri religia, an ar iwamos arc

erTi...

5. uzrunvelyofilia religiuri ritualebis Tavisuflad aRsruleba, Tu isi-

ni ar arRvevs sazogadoebriv wesrigs da sabWoTa respublikis kano nebs.

9. skola gamoyofilia eklesiisgan. yvela saxelmwifo da sazogadoebriv,

aseve, kerZo saswavlo dawesebulebebSi, sadac saero-saganmanaTleblo sa-

gnebi iswavleba, religiuri mrwamsis swavleba ikrZaleba.

saxalxo komisarTa sabWos dekreti, 23 ianvari, 1918 weli.

wyaro 2. v. i. lenini aRmsareblobis Tavisuflebis Sesaxeb

Cemi azriT, religia nebismieri adamianis piradi, kerZo saqmea da saxelm-

wifo masSi ar unda ereodes. amave dros, partiis wevrisTvis religiis mimarT

damokidebuleba ar aris piradi saqme. saxelmwifos araferi esaqmeba reli-

giasTan _ yvela adamiani Tavisufalia da SeuZlia iwamos nebismieri religia

an ar iwamos arc erTi, e. i. iyos aTeisti, uRmerTo, rogorc Cveulebriv aris

yvela socialisti.

v. i. lenini, sabWoTa xelisuflebis morigi amocanebi,

1918 weli, gamomc. `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1969, gv. 17.

wyaro 3. l. n. trocki* saxelmwifosa da eklesiis urTierTobaze

saxelmwifo eklesiisgan damoukideblad unda viTardebodes. Cven qveynis

feodaluri gadmonaSTebisgan gaTavisuflebisaken miviswrafiT. droa sam-

Rvdeloebis arseboba dasruldes. Cveni warmateba mxolod eklesiisgan damouki-

deblad aris SesaZlebeli.

l. n. trocki, permanentuli revolucia,

moskovi, 1918, gv. 12 (rusul enaze).

* l. n. trocki _ bolSevikebis erT-erTi lideri. v. i. leninTan erTad meTaurobda 1917 wlis oqtombris revolucias.

rel

igia

107davaleba 1.

1. wyaroebis 1, 2, 3 daxmarebiT axseni, ras niSnavs, Seni azriT, `eklesia gamo-

eyo saxelmwifos~?

2. gansazRvre wyaroebs 1-3 Soris, romels aqvs sakanonmdeblo Zala?

3. wyaroebSi 2 da 3 xazi gausvi winadadebebs, romlebSic gamoxatulia sab-

WoTa liderebis damokidebuleba religiis mimarT.

4. gaarkvie sabWoTa moqalaqeebis romeli jgufis interesebia daculi am wyar-

oebSi?

5. Camoayalibe argumentebi bolSevikebis religiuri politikis sasargeb lod

da sawinaaRmdegod.

6. Seni azriT, ra rols aniWebdnen religias bolSevikebis liderebi:

a) adamianebis pirad cxovrebaSi

b) revoluciur partiaSi

g) saxelmwifoSi

wyaro 4. eklesiebis ngreva 1920-40-iani wlebis sabWoTa kavSirSi

a)

b)

rel

igia

108davaleba 2.

1. Seni azriT, vin SeiZleba yofiliyvnen adamianebi, gadaRebuli dangreuli

eklesiebis fonze?

2. ipove kavSiri wyaroebs 1-4 Soris da warmoidgine, rom im dros iq iyavi;

gamoxate Seni damokidebuleba fotoebze gamosaxuli procesis mimarT, Tu

xar:

a) moxuci adamiani

b) axalgazrda moxele

g) Seni asakis mozardi. 3. wyaroebSi 1-3 monaxe winadadebebi, romlebic imdroindeli lozungebisaT-

vis gamogadgeba, magaliTad, `Zirs eklesia, gaumarjos aTeizms!~ da moi-fiqre sapirispiro Sinaarsis lozungebi.

wyaro 5. saxelmwifos religiuri politikis Sedegebi TbilisSi

a) aleqsandre nevelis sa xelobis taZari golo-vinis (axl. rusTavelis) prospeqtze

igive adgili dRes

rel

igia

109

b) Siituri meCeTi avlabris xidTan igive adgili dRes

g) kirxes* germanuli eklesia igive adgili dResmarjaniSvilis moedanze

davaleba 3:

ganmarte wyaroze 5 (a,b,g) asaxuli movlenebi. ratom angrevdnen eklesiebs, samlocveloebs saqarTveloSi?

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ra monawileobas iRebdnen qarTveli bolSevikebi saxelmwifos religiuri politikis ganxorcielebaSi?

* kirxes eklesia _ 1944 wels TbilisSi germanel tyveebs daangrevines 1897 wels agebuli wm. petres da pavles saxelobis luTeruli eklesia (kirxe).

rel

igia

11025. `uRmerTo saxelmwifo~

sakvanZo kiTxva: ratom ebrZoda sabWoTa saxelmwifo yvela aRmsareb lobis adamians 1920-30-ian wlebSi?

wyaro 1. 1920-30-iani wlebis sabWoTa plakatebi

a) `religia-sawamlavia; daicavi bavSvebi~ b) `religia adamianebs abruebs~

g) `Zirs religiuri dResaswaulebi~

rel

igia

111davaleba 1:

1. aRwere TiToeuli plakati cal-calke: ra aris maTi Sinaarsi? vin da ra obieqtebia maTze gamosaxuli?

2. gansazRvre TiToeuli plakatis mizani, zegavlenis ra saSualebebia gamo-yenebuli da mosaxleobis romel jgufebze zemoqmedebas iTvaliswinebs?

3. axseni plakatebze mocemuli lozungebis Sinaarsi.

4. ivaraude, vin aRiqvamda maT dadebiTad da vin _ uaryofiTad?

wyaro 2. Tanamedrove ucxoeli avtoris gamokvleva

emelian iaroslavskim 1925 wlisTvis Seqmna `uRmerToTa kavSiri~, romelic

1929 wlisTvis `mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSirad~ gadakeTda. igi 1932 wlisTvis

sakavSiro masStabiT 5 500 000 wevrs aerTianebda; man metad aqtiuri muSao ba

gaSala. uSvebda samecniero Jurnals `religiis winaaRmdeg~ (1926-1941). mraval-

aTasiani tiraJiT gamodioda broSurebi, karikaturebi, plakatebi, rac gaT-

vlili iyo gansxvavebul socialur Tu politikur fenebze. aqtiurad mim-

dinareobda saeklesio rwmena-warmodgenebis da wes-Cveulebebis winaaRmdeg

brZo la, raSic CarTes literatura, kino da Teatri. tardeboda antisaeklesio

Tematikis konferenciebi, gamofenebi.

Jan lui van reJemorteri, miSel lorani. eklesiis mdgomareoba sabWoTa sinamdvileSi (1917-1945),

qristianuli kvlevebi, III, 2009, gv. 223-224.

davaleba 2:

1. Seni azriT, ra mizniT Seiqmna `mebrZol uRmerToTa kavSiri~?

2. moZebne da gamoyavi wyaroSi 2 is winadadebebi, romlebic asaxavs saxelmwi-fos religiur politikas.

3. wyarodan 2 airCie erTi winadadeba, romelic, Seni azriT, am dokumentis saTaurad gamodgeba.

4. wyaroebis 1 da 2 mixedviT, CamoTvale, ra xerxebiT ebrZoda sabWoTa saxelm-wifo sxvadasxva religias? Seni azriT, romeli iqneboda maT Soris yvelaze efeqturi da ratom?

5. daiyaviT or jgufad. TiToeul jgufSi:a) CamoayalibeT 3-3 Sexeduleba, rogori unda iyos saxelmwifos damokide-

buleba mosaxleobis religiuri uflebebisadmi;b) SeqmeniT plakati, romelSic gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba yvela morwmunis,

aseve, aTeistebis Sexedulebebi da uflebebi.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: rogor axsni samuSao furclis saTaurs `uRmerTo saxelmwifo~?

rel

igia

112 26. faruli locva

sakvanZo kiTxva: ra Sedegi mohyva religiuri politikis cvlile-bas sabWoTa kavSirSi 1940-70-ian wlebSi?

wyaro 1. sabWoTa xelisuflebis religiuri politikis cvlilebis Sesaxeb

a) maSin, rodesac sabWoTa kavSiri seriozuli safrTxis winaSe aRmoCnda, saero da sasuliero xelisuflebam erToblivi da SeTanxmebuli nabiji ga-dadga sagareo safrTxis winaaRmdeg mosaxleobis dasarazmad. germaneli fa-Sistebis sabWoTa kavSirze TavdasxmisTanave samRvdeloebam mosaxleobas sab-WoTa kavSirisadmi patriotuli erTgulebisa da mtris winaaRmdeg gmiruli brZolisken mouwoda. mTavrobam gaauqma aTeisturi gaerTianebebi da mTlianad amoiRo antireligiuri gamocemebi, ris paraleluradac 1942 wels gamoqveynda saeklesio kalendrebi da sasuliero Sinaarsis Tematuri krebulebi.

Jan lui van reJemorteri, miSel lorani, eklesiis mdgomareoba sabWoTa sinamdvileSi (1917-1945), qristianuli kvlevebi, III, 2009, gv. 226.

b) 1945 wlis 5-16 dekembers saqarTvelos azerbaijanulma mosaxleobam, ro-melic religiuri TvalsazrisiT Siitebi iyvnen, Caatara religiuri dResas-wauli `Saxsei-vaxsei“*. gansakuTrebiT didi pompezurobiT Catarda is yarai-azis (igive gardabanis) raionSi, sadac monawileobas iRebdnen eqvsi soflis mcxovrebni...

1950-ian wlebSi islamuri religia aWaraSi da, kerZod, baTumSi kidev ufro gaZlierda. ramazanis** TveSi meCeTSi morwmuneTa raodenoba xSirad 300 kacs aRwevda, xolo ̀ bairamobis“*** dawyebamde meCeTSi Rames aTevda 400 adamiani, ro-melTa Soris mravali Camosuli iyo aWaris sxvadasxva soflidan. 1954 wels `bairamobis“ dResaswaulze morwmuneTa saerTo raodenobam 2500 miaRwia.

a. sonRulaSvili, erovnuli umciresobani da konfesiebi saqarTveloSi,

I, Tb., 2005, gv. 234.

g) sabWoTa kavSirSi qristianuli eklesia Tavisufalia Sinaur saqmeebSi. mas rwmunebulTa meSveobiT xelsac uwyoben. eklesias wminda naSTebic daubrunes da umaRlesi Tu saSualo skolebic gauxsnes. sanTlis saxelosnoebisa da xateb-jvrebis sawyobis gaxsnis uflebac misces, wignebsa da Jurnalebsac us-tambaven, litaniebsac**** amarTvineben.

nawyveti saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis kalistrates (1932-1952) sityvidan, wignSi: v. ToraZe, n. ToraZe, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesia

XIX da XX saukuneebSi, 1996, Tb., gv. 268.

* Saxsei-vaxsei, igive aSura _ Siit muslimebTan imam huseinis moxsenieba, romelic 680 wels mokles.** ramazani _ muslimuri mTvaris kalendris me-9 Tve, rodesac morwmuneni inaxaven marxvas mzis amosvlidan Casvlamde 40 dRis ganmavlobaSi.*** bairamoba, igive yurban-bairami _ islamSi msxverplSewirvis dResaswauli. am dRes mor-wmuneebi klaven cxvrebs, saWmels urigeben gaWirvebulebs da maT, visTanac naCxubrebi arian.**** litania _ qristianobaSi, sayovelTao locva, romlis dros eklesias gars uvlian.

rel

igia

113davaleba 1:

1. moZebne wyaroSi 1 (a, b, g) sabWoTa kavSirSi axali religiuri politikis

amsaxveli faqtebi.

2. axseni, ratom hqonda saerTo pozicia eklesias da saxelmwifos omis wleb-

Si?

3. imsjele, wyaro 1-is safuZvelze, meore msoflio omis wlebsa da mis Semdeg

religiuri politikis cvlilebis mizezebsa da Sedegebze.

wyaro 2. xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli saxelmwifos eklesiisadmi damokidebulebis Sesaxeb

sabunebismetyvelo mecnieruli codniT da religiasTan ideuri brZolis

propagandis nacvlad, zogierT centralur da adgilobriv gazeTSi, aseve,

zogierTi leqtorisa da momxseneblis gamosvlaSi daSvebulia Seuracmyofeli

gamonaTqvamebi da gamoxdomebi im sasuliero pirebisa da morwmuneebis mimarT,

romlebic religiur kultmsaxurebas ewevian; aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac pre-

sis furclebsa da propagandistebis sityvier gamosvlebSi zogierTi reli-

giuri kultmsaxuri da morwmune yovelgvari safuZvlis gareSe gamoyvanilia

adamianebad, romelTa politikuri ndoba ar SeiZleba. zogierT raionSi adg-

ilobRivi organizaciebis da calkeuli pirebis mxridan xdeba religiuri

gaerTianebebisa da jgufebis saqmianobaSi Careva, aseve, sasuliero wodebis

mimarT uxeSi damokidebulebis SemTxvevebi.

nawyveti skkp ck* mdivnis n. xruSCovis werilidan,

1954, 10 noemberi.

davaleba 2:

1. daukavSire xruSCovis werili (wyaro 2) axal religiur politikas.

2. moZebne wyaroebSi 1 (g) da 2 Seni mosazrebis damadasturebeli sityvebi.

3. Seadare kaTalikos patriarqis kalistrates da n. xruSCovis gamonaTqvamebi.

ramdenad Seesabameboda isini realobas?

* skkp ck _ sabWoTa kavSiris komunisturi partiis centraluri komiteti

rel

igia

114wyaro 3. samoqalaqo uflebebis Sesaxeb

saqarTvelos respublikis moqalaqeebs garantirebuli aqvT sindisis Tavisu-

fleba, anu ufleba _ aRiarebdnen nebismier religias an ar aRiarebdnen ara-

viTar religias, asrulebdnen sareligio ritualebs an eweodnen aTeistur

propagandas. religiur rwmenasTan dakavSirebiT SuRlisa da siZulvilis gaR-

viveba akrZalulia. saqarTvelos respublikaSi eklesia gamoyofilia saxelm-

wifosgan.

saqarTvelos sabWoTa socialisturi respublikis konstitucia,

Tavi 7, muxli 50, Tbilisi, 1978.

wyaro 4. religia 1970-iani wlebis saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelos eklesia yovelwliurad gamoscems kalendrebs, sasuli-

ero seminariis `saRvTismetyvelo krebuls“, sapatriarqos sainformacio

biuletens, aseve uSvebs almanaxs `jvari vazisa“. es ilustrirebuli Jur-

nali 1978 wlidan weliwadSi orjer gamoicema. gankuTvnilia ZiriTadad

RvTismsaxurebisa da saeklesio aqtivisTvis. nawili vrceldeba ucxoeTSi.

m. besonovi, marTlmadidebloba dRevandel dRes, moskovi,

1990, gv. 89-90 (rusul enaze).

wyaro 5. Tanamedroveebis mogonebebi

a) 1973 wels, sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi, babuaCemi alievi ali maSadi

hasan-oRli gardaicvala. dasaflavebis dRes locvis aRvlenis ufleba ar

mogvces. es imitom moxda, rom misi yvela vaJi komunisturi partiis wevri

iyo da eridebodaT xalxis dasanaxad molis moyvana. amitom is malulad

oTaxSi SeviyvaneT, sadac Cumad loculobda; xalxma veraferi gaigo. mec

Tavad partiis wevri viyavi da meCeTSi ar davdiodi, radgan samsaxuris da-

kargvis meSinoda.

interviu eliura alievasTan (marneuli), 55 wlis,

Caiwera b. lorTqifaniZem, 2009 wlis 7 ivlisi.

b) sabWoTa periodSi kompartiis wevrebs eklesiaSi siaruli oficialu-

rad ar ekrZalebodaT. Tumca, Tu raime Tanamdebobaze iyavi da eklesiaSi

daginaxavdnen, an sayvedurs gamogicxadebdnen, an komunisturi partiidan

gagricxavdnen, rac samsaxuris dakargvas niSnavda. amitom partiis wevrebi

eridebodnen eklesiaSi siaruls. miuxedavad amisa, TiTqmis yvela naTlavda

Svilebs. mec ase moviqeci da Cemi Svilebi malulad movnaTle.

interviu oTar axmetelTan (Tbilisi), 78 wlis,

Caiwera b. lorTqifaniZem, 2009 wlis 19 maisi

rel

igia

115wyaro 6. religia 1960-70-iani wlebis sabWoTa satiraSi

a) _ rogor mkurnalobdiT? – ai amiT...

b) is arc Tanaxmaa da arc winaaRmdegi, man ubralod Tvali aarida.

kukriniksebis* plakatebi

davaleba 3:Seadare wyaroebi 3-6 da gaakeTe daskvnebi. moifiqre yoveli karikaturisTvis sakuTari teqsti.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ratom loculobdnen sabWoTa saqarTve-loSi farulad?

* kukriniksi _ sami mxatvris _ mixeil kuprianovis, porfiri krilovisa da nikolai sokolovis fsevdonimi.

rel

igia

11627. TanamSromloba Tu

Seuwynarebloba?!

sakvanZo kiTxva: ramdenad iyo aRmsarebloba da erovnuloba kon-

fliqtebis mizezi damoukidebel saqarTveloSi XX _ XXI saukuneebis

mijnaze?

wyaro 1. qarTveli mecnieri 1980-ian wlebSi saqarTveloSi arsebul

religiur viTarebaze

erovnuli aqtivizaciis kvalobaze, gansakuTrebiT 1980-iani wlebis meore naxe-

varSi, mravali umwvavesi problema dagvigrovda, romlebmac eTnokonfliqtebis

saxiT iCina Tavi. amis mizezia, rom wlebis ganmavlobaSi uyuradRebod rCeboda

da ̀ xalxTa urRvevi Zmobis” moCvenebiTi lozungis ukan iCqmaleboda uamravi mt-

kivneuli problema. mravali erovnuli da erovnebaTSorisi sakiTxi arasworad,

mxolod administraciul-mbrZanebluri meTodebiT wydeboda.

a. sonRulaSvili, erovnuli umciresobani da konfesiebi saqarTveloSi, I, 2005, gv.209.

davaleba 1:

gansazRvre, mecnieris azriT, romeli iyo eTnikuri konfliqtebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani mizezi?

wyaro 2. sagazeTo statia eklesiis gamo religiur davaze

samcxe-javaxeTis patara sofel ivlitaSi karga xania arsebobs religiur

niadagze aRmocenebuli konfliqti. aqauri kaTolikebi da marTlmadideble-

bi ver iyofen taZars. amitom jerjerobiT, taZarSi loculobs morwmuneTa

orive jgufi _ TerTmet saaTamde kaTolikebi, Ter Tmetis Semdeg _ marTlmadi-

deblebi. xatebi da sxva siwmindeebic aseve Sereulia _ kaTolikuricaa da

marTlmadidebluric. saqmis aseTi gadawyvetiT ukmayofiloa yvela. TiToeu-

li mxare cdilobs meore mxaris taZridan gandevnas: kaTolikebi irwmunebian,

rel

igia

117rom taZari maTi aSenebulia da amitom maTi kuTvnilebaa. marTlmadideblebis

azriT, taZari maTi agebulia. orive mxare irwmuneba, rom aqvs sakuTari po-

ziciis myari argumentebi. saqmes arTulebs isic, rom taZris kuTvnilebis

sakiTxis gadawyetaSi erevian sxvadasxva politikuri da arasamTavrobo or-

ganizaciebi. kerZod, marTlmadidebeli winamZRvari da misi mrevli Civis, rom

Tavisuflebis institutis da sxva saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier arian

Sewuxebuli; am organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi sofelSi Cadian da mouwode-

ben mrevls, datovon taZari. aq igulisxmeba, rom SarSan kavkasiuri institutis

iniciativiT, sazogadoebis sxvadasxva warmomadgeneli sof. ivlitaSi Cavida,

radgan gavrcelda cnoba, rom marTlmadidebelma winamZRvarma taZris ezoSi

dakrZaluli kaTolike misionerebis uZvelesi saflavebi asfaltis fenis qveS

moaqcevina. winamZRvarma Casulebs ganumarta, rom mas mxolod keTili zraxvebi

amoZravebda _ surda ukeT Seenaxa saflavebi.

gazeTi `axali Taoba _ kviridan kviramde~,

24-25 aprili, 2005 w.

wyaro 3. presa religiuri konfliqtis Sesaxeb samxreT saqarTvelos erT-erT sofelSi

axalqalaqis raionis somxur sofel winubanSi adgilobrivi kaTolikebi

evangelist-ormocdaaTianelebs daupirispirdnen. sofelSi 300 mosaxlea, sai-

danac 36 ormocdaaTianelia*, danarCeni ki kaTolikebi. gazeTis mixedviT, or-

mocdaaTianelebis mimarT gansakuTrebuli SeuwynareblobiT adgilobrivi ka-

Tolike mRvdeli – mama poRos grigoriani gamoirCeva, romelic maT winaaRmdeg

eklesiaSi qadagebs. man ormocdaaTianelebs `karitasis~ fondis humanitaruli

daxmarebis miwodebac Seuwyvita. saqme iqamde mivida, rom kaTolike Tanasofle-

lebma ormocdaaTianelebs soflis sasaflaoze Sesvla aukrZles – sxva adgi-

li moiTxoveTo. gairkva, rom soflis saSualo skolaSi mama poRosi religiis

gakveTilebs atarebs, rac kanoniTaa akrZaluli; mRvdeli am faqts TviTonac

ar uaryofs.

ormocdaaTianelebma Tavisi uflebebis dasacavad saxalxo damcvelis

ofiss miaSures. faqtebis gadamowmebis Semdeg aq CaTvales, rom adgili aqvs

aSkara religiur diskriminacias da generalur prokuraturas mimarTes.

n. frangiSvili, kaTolikeebi ormocdaaTianelebis winaaRmdeg, gaz. `rezonansi~, 21 ianvari, 2006 w.

davaleba 2:

1. wyaroebis 2 da 3 safuZvelze gansazRvre, ra aris religiuri jgufebis kon-

fliqtis konkretuli mizezi?

2. Seni azriT, ra aris am konfliqturi viTarebis mogvarebis gza?

* ormocdaaTianelebi _ marTlmadidebluri eklesiis erT-erTi seqta.

rel

igia

118wyaro 4. saqarTvelos sapatriarqos gancxadeba romis kaTolikuri

eklesiis mier saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi axalgazrduli klubebis Seqmnis Sesaxeb

mimdinare wlis 24 agvistos ro-mis kaTolikuri eklesiis kardinali, vaSingtonis mTavarepiskoposi Teo-dore (makariki) Sexvda sruliad saqa-rTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs uwmin-des da unetares ilia II-s. Sexvedras, romelic saqarTvelos sapatriarqoSi gaimarTa, eswrebodnen wminda saydris despani saqarTveloSi, mTavarepiskop-osi monsinior klaudio gujeroti, kaTolikuri daxmarebis samsaxuris warmomadgenlebi, saqarTvelos samo-ciqulo eklesiis mRvdelmTavrebi, sxva sasuliero da saero pirebi.

saubari Seexo kaTolikuri dax-marebis samsaxuris mier SemoTava-zebul programas `vaSenoT momavali~, romelic iTvaliswinebs saqarTvelos zogadsaganmanaTleblo skolebSi axalgazrduli klubebis Seqmnas.

saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesias dauSveblad miaCnia, rom im qveyanaSi, romlis mosaxleobis absoluturi umravlesobac marTlmadidebelia, romis kaTolikuri eklesiis episkoposTa mier dafuZnebuli organizacia, saqarT-velos sapatriarqosTan SeuTanxmeblad, anxorcielebdes saganmanaTleb lo programas saero skolebSi, rodesac saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT isini re-ligiisgan Tavisufalia. amgvari qmedebani safuZvlian ukmayofilebas iwvevs Cvens mosaxleobaSi da Crdils ayenebs romis saydarsa da saqarTvelos marTl-madidebel eklesias Soris arsebul tradiciul urTierTobas.

Sexvedraze, romelic urTierTpativiscemis atmosferoSi warimarTa, naTlad gamoikveTa orive mxaris pozicia, romelTa Sejerebis Sedegad romis kaTolikuri eklesiis warmomadgenlobam ganacxada, rom aRniSnuli programa SeCerdeba.

axali ambebis saagento, 25 agvisto, 2005 weli.

wyaro 5. kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-isa da saqarTvelos eklesiis wminda sinodis mimarTva

saqarTvelos Zlierebasa da eris erTobas dResac safuZvlad suliereba da zneobrioba unda daedos. amasTan aucilebelia TviTmyofadi cnobierebisa da kulturis SenarCuneba, romelic mTlianad qristianul msoflmxedvelobazea dafuZnebuli. amiT deda eklesia ar qadagebs karCaketilobas da odnavadac ar akninebs sxva qveynebTan urTierTobebis mniSvnelobas: piriqiT, yvelam kargad viciT, rom Cveni cxovrebis wesis Camoyalibebaze didi gavlena iqonia rogorc aRmosavleTma, ise dasavleTma,

Cveni tradiciisTvis aseve miuRebelia Seuwynarebloba da agresia ucxo erebisa da aRmsareblobis warmomadgenlebisadmi. istoriulad saqarTveloSi arasodes yofila devna da Seviwroeba eTnikuri da religiuri niSniT. esaa mizezi imisa, rom aq mcxovrebi sxva erisa da sarwmunoebis warmomadgenlebi siyvaruliT arian ganmsWvalulni Cveni miwa-wylisa da xalxisadmi.

`sapatriarqos uwyebani~, #35 (243), 5-11 seqtemberi, 2003 w.

sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi ilia II

rel

igia

119

b) 2008 wlis 29 seqtembers 12 eklesiis warmomadgenelma monawileoba miiRo mSvidobis kurTxevaSi eCmiaZinSi (somxeTi).

a) patriarqis viziti azerbaijanSi, religi-aTaSorisi dialogi _ ,,urTierTgagebidan Tan-amSromlobamde”, saer-TaSoriso konferencia, baqo, 2009 weli.

wyaro 6.

davaleba 3:

1. Seni azriT, ras gulisxmobs kaTolikos-patriarqi karCaketilobaSi?

2. imsjeleT, motanil wyaroebSi sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis warmomadgenelTa

Soris warmoqmnili davis gadawyvetis rogori xerxi moinaxa da SeuZliaT

Tu ara, es ori magaliTi gamoiyenon sxvadasxva aRmsareblobis warmomadgen-

lebma Semdgomi urTierTobebisas.

3. wyaros 6 (a, b) mixedviT gansazRvre, ra mizniT Seikribnen sxvadasxva re-

ligiis liderebi.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: istoriidan magaliTebis moSveliebiT, ra gavlenas axdens qveynis ganviTarebaze sxvadasxva religiis warmo-madgenelTa TanamSromloba da urTierTSemwynarebloba?

rel

igia

120 28. saqarTvelo

marTlmadideblebisTvis?!

sakvanZo kiTxva: ramdenad misaRebia fraza: saqarTvelo mxolod

marTlmadideblebisTvis?

wyaro 1. Tbilisi, 2010 weli, erT-erTi skolis kedeli

davaleba 1:

rogor fiqrobT, skolis kedelze moTavsebuli warwera aris Tu ara sxva-dasxva aRmsareblobis adamianebisTvis Seuracxmyofeli?

wyaro 2. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis religiuri Semadgenloba

2002 wels saqarTvelos statistikis saxelmwifo departamentma mosaxleo-bis religiurobis niSniT aRwera awarmoa, romlis Sedegebi 2004 wels gaxda cnobili. gairkva: saqarTvelos im teritoriis mosaxleoba, romelsac maSin centraluri xelisufleba akontrolebda, 4 375 535 suls iTvlida; marTl-madidebleblad Tavs 3 666 233 anu 83,9% Tvlida, kaToliked –34 727, anu 0,8%; somexTa samociqulo eklesiis wevrad –171 139, anu 3,9%; iudevelad – 3 541, anu 0,1%; muslimad– 433 784, anu 9,9%; sxva religiis aRmsareblad – 28 631, anu sul 0,8%; arcerTi religiis mimdevari ar iyo – 28 631, anu 0,6%.

religiebi saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelTan arsebuli

tolerantobis centri, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 11.

rel

igia

121

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0

38%

22%

8% 7%4%

1%

17%

3%

davaleba 1:

1. rogor axsni saqarTveloSi amgvar religiur mravalferovnebas? 2. moitane religiur niadagze warmoqmnili nebismieri konfliqturi viTareba

saqarTvelos an msoflio istoriidan; konfliqtebis gadaWris ra gzebi gamoiyenes da ra Sedegebi mohyva maT?

wyaro 3. saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis ilia II-is mimarTva

2005 w. noemberSi q. stambulSi Catarda saerTaSoriso konferencia `mSvi-doba da Semwynarebloba~. konferencias sityviT mimarTa sruliad saqarT-velos kaTolikos-patriarqma, uwmindesma da unetaresma ilia II-m. man mouwoda msoflios sxvadasxva religiis warmomadgenlebs gaerTiandnen da aqtiurad Seuwyon xeli erTa Soris ndobisa da urTierTpativiscemis aRdgenas.

biblioTeka da religiuri ganaTleba, Tbilisi, 2006, gv. 16.

davaleba 2:1. ra roli SeiZleba iTamaSos eklesiam konfliqturi viTarebis mogvareba-

Si Tanamedrove epoqaSi? vis SeuZlia kidev amgvari konfliqtebis mogvare-baSi monawileobis miReba?

2. Seni azri, ra kavSirSia erTmaneTTan `mSvidoba da Semwynarebloba~?

wyaro 4. kulturuli urTierTobis centris „kavkasiuri saxlis“ gamo-kiTxvis Sedegebi. 2004 wlis maisi

gamoikiTxa Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis 170 studenti _ 65% ma-makaci, 35% qali; gamokiTxul Tagan marTlmadidebelia 96%, aTeisti _ 4%.

religiuri rwmenis adamianebi, romlebTanac respondentebi ar isurvebdnen megobrobas

grafiki #1

ieRoveli baptisti muslimi budisti protes- sxva nebismi- arc erTi tanti eri marTlmadi-

deblis garda

rel

igia

122religiuri rwmenis adamianebi, romlebTanac respondentebi

ar isurvebdnen ojaxis Seqmnas(grafiki #2)

ieRovel- baptist- muslim- budist- protes- sxva nebismi- arc erTTan Tan Tan Tan Tan tantTan erTan marTlmadi-

deblis garda

davaleba 3: 1. daakavSire gamokiTxulTa pasuxebi wyaro 1-sTan da imsjele, ramdenad

tolerantulia gamokiTxulTa ZiriTadi nawili.2. gamoxate Seni damokidebuleba am gamokiTxvis mimarT da Senc gaeci pasuxi

imave kiTxvebs.

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ratom unda izrunos qveynis mosaxleobis marTlmadidebelma umrav-

lesobam sxva aRmsareblobis adamianebis uflebebze?

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0

23%

16%17%

13%

4%2%

4%

22%

rel

igia

123

rel

igia

124 29. kaTolikebi

XX saukunis quTaisSi

sakvanZo kiTxva: rogori iyo quTaisis mosaxleobis damokidebule-ba adgilobrivi kaTolikebis mimarT XX saukuneSi?

wyaro 1. qarTveli kaTolikebis saqmianobis Sesaxeb

kaTolike misionerebisa da qarTveli kaTolikebis erT-erT did damsaxure-bad unda CaiTvalos imereTSi samkurnalo saqmis danergva da misi Semdgomi ganviTareba, saafTiaqo saqmis aRorZineba, mcire sawarmo fabrikebis danergva da ucxoeTis qveynebTan savaWro ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ganviTareba. isini aseve kargad Candnen kulturul da sazogadoebriv ganviTarebaSi.

nugzar kvaracxelia, quTaiseli kaTolikebi XIX saukuneSi, saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis saxelmwifo

istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi. quTaisis muzeumis masalebi, krebuli XI, gv. 97.

wyaro 2. quTaiseli kaTolikebis saqvelmoqmedo saqmianobis Sesaxeb

quTaisis kaTolikoba aris swavla-ganaTlebis mimdevari. swavlas emsaxureba maTi eklesiac da yvelaferi, rac iq aris. aq hpoveben Svebas da mfarvelobas gvemulni, Ratakni, qvrivni, oxerni, moxucni da uqonelni. mis xidad ki xsen-ebuli eklesia aris gamxdari da mis SeZlebul mrevlTa wvlili, romelsac isini xSirad gaiReben xolme.

z. WiWinaZe, kaTolikeTa eklesia saqarTveloSi, quTaisi, 1903, gv. 75.

wyaro 3. quTaisis kaTolikuri eklesia

rel

igia

125wyaro 4. kaTolike sasuliero pirebis moRvaweoba quTaisSi

Cemi bavSvobis dros kaTolikeTa eklesiaSi mRvdeli don damiane saakaS-

vili qalaqis yvela bavSvs uyvarda. axla, rom vukvirdebi, maocebs is damoki-

debuleba, romelic maSin kaTolike patrs hqonda xalxTan... imden SesaniSnav

ambavs gviyveboda es `frangi mRvdeli~,... sxvaTaSoris, igi naklebad exeboda

religiis sakiTxebs. misi Tema iyo saqarTvelos istoria... Cvenc warmoSobiT

marTlmadidebeli bavSvebi, romlebic metad aTeisturad viyaviT ganwyobili,

sulganabuli vusmendiT padres.

mamia asaTiani, geguTis Zelqvebi,

gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, Tbilisi, 1968, gv. 335-336.

davaleba 1:

1. gaecani wyaroebs 1-4, upasuxe kiTxvebs, miuTiTe Sesabamisi wyaro:

a) rogor dasaxldnen kaTolikebi quTaisSi?

b) rogori iyo adgilobrivi mosaxleobis damokidebuleba kaTolikeTa mimarT?

g) ratom eZaxdnen padre don damiane saakaSvils `frang mRvdels~?

2. aRwere kaTolikeTa saqmianoba da Seafase igi?

3. airCie wyaro 4-dan erTi winadadeba, romliTac daasaTaurebdi narkvevs

quTaisel kaTolikebze

wyaro 5. kaTolikebis saganmanaTleblo moRvaweobis Sesaxeb

XIX-XX saukuneebis mijnaze quTaisSi cnobili pirovneba iyo ioseb ivanes Ze

ocxeli. 1892 wels man quTaisSi daaarsa sabavSvo baRi, romelic 1903 wlamde ar-

sebobda. 1901 wlidan iyo quTaisis saTavadaznauro skolis gamge, romelic 1904

wels misi iniciativiT gimnaziad gadakeTda da sikvdilamde mas xelmZRvanelobda.

ioseb ocxeli iyo qarTvelTa Soris wera-kiTxvis gamavrcelebeli sazogadoebis

quTaisis ganyofilebis Tavmjdomare. sxvasTan erTad, misi erT-erTi damsaxurebaa

quTaisSi wignis gamomcemlobis `ganaTleba~ da `Skolas~ daarseba.

nugzar kvaracxelia, quTaiseli kaTolikebi XIX s-Si,

saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis quTaisis n. berZeniSvilis saxelobis

saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi.

quTaisis muzeumis masalebi, krebuli XI, gv. 96.

rel

igia

126wyaro 6. quTaisis guberniis Tavadaznauroba adgilobrivi skolis

aRmzrdelze

mis aRmatebulebas baton kavkasiis olqis mzrunvels

quTaisis guberniis aznaurebisagan

g a n c x a d e b a

qvemore amisa xelis momwerni gTxovT miaqcioT Tqveni yuradReba quTaisis sa-

Tavadaznauro skolas. adgilobrivma komitetma warmoadgina skolis inspeqto-

ris Tanamdebobaze kaci, Tumca umaRlesi ganaTlebiT, magram ara marTlmadide-

bluri sarwmunoebis. TavadaznaurTa skolaSi, romelic inaxeba TavadaznaurTa

saSualebiT, swavlobs 500 bavSvi. yvelani quTaisis guberniis TavadaznaurTa

Svilebia, sarwmunoebiT marTlmadidebelni... ar gvsurs Cveni Svilebis aRmz-

rdeli iyos kaTolike. batoni ioseb ocxeli WeSmariti kaTolikea.~

quTaisi, 1900 wlis 12 dekemberi

xels awers 15 aznauri.

ilia genZexaZe, ioseb ocxeli, gamomcemloba `sabWoTa saqarTvelo~, quTaisis filiali, 1989, gv.9.

davaleba 2:

gaecani wyaroebs 5 da 6. ganixile, ra Sedegi mohyveboda gancxadebas? daasa-buTe Seni varaudi.

wyaro 7. adgilobrivi Tavadaznauri qalis pasuxi

ai xelT maqvs piri im samarcxvino gancxadebisa, im saocari mowmobisa, Cveni Tavadaznaurobis sibnelisa, sibeCavisa, gonebrivi sisustisa da sruli gamoT-ayvanebisa... ai moismineT, ras weren es vaJbatonebi mis aRmatebulebas kavkasiis olqis mzrunvels: ocxelis moSorebas Txouloben! xels awers TxuTmeti azn-auri! eseni arian Tqveni mowinave mamuliSvilebi da keTilSobili aznaurebi?... zogjer me mrcxvenia, rom maT wodebas vekuTvni!..

taso lorTqifaniZe, mSobeli, Tengiz buaCiZis deda. Tengiz buaCiZe*, aRsareba, gamomcemloba `merani~, Tbilisi, 1986, gv. 21.

davaleba 3.

1. ipove wyaroSi 6 is sityvebi, romliTac quTaiselma qalbatonma gancxadebi-sadmi Tavisi damokidebuleba gamoxata.

2. monaxe wyaroebSi 5 da 6 msgavsebisa da gansxvavebis niSnebi.3. ilia genZexaZis wignSi `ioseb ocxeli~ (quTaisi, 1989, gv. 9) miTiTebulia,

rom aznaurTa gancxadebas Sedegi ar mohyolia. axseni, raze metyvelebs es?4. moitane da ganixile SenTvis cnobili msgavsi magaliTebi Tanamedroveobidan.

* Tengiz buaCiZe _ quTaisis mkvidri, mwerali.

rel

igia

127wyaro 8. zaqaria faliaSvilis moRvaweobis Sesaxeb

a) didi saeklesio da sazogado moRvawe sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos patriarqi kalistrate cincaZe da saxelovani kompozitori zaqaria faliaS-vili, aRmsareblobaTa sxvaobis miuxedavad, erTad iRvwodnen pedagogiur da saeklesio safuZvelze. z. faliaSvilma quTaisis kaTolikur eklesiaSi aRz-rdilma, Semdgom _ Tbilisis feriscvalobis kaTolikuri taZris orRanistma da regentma, Tavs ido qarTuli marTlmadidebluri sagaloblebis Seswavla da damuSaveba. man saqarTveloSi pirvelma gadaiRo notebze `wminda ioane oqropiris wirvis wesi~ da Seadgina qal-vaJTa oTx xmaze mgalobeli gundi.

nugzar papuaSvili, zaqaria faliaSvili _ mogoneba, gazeTi `saqarTvelos kaTolike~, Tbilisi, Jurnali `saba~, Tbilisi,

#1, 1994, aprili, gv. 5.

b) xom iciT `frangi“ var da roca `frangebis~ yuramde miva Saqro (zaqaria) sakuTari iniciativiT swers marTlmadidebeli eklesiis sagaloblebs, meti rom ar vTqva, ar momiwonebeno. sul sxva STabeWdileba moxdeba, roca gaigeben Saqro sazogadoebis davalebiT swers sagaloblebso,~ _ uTqvams kaTolikos patriarq kalistrate cincaZisaTvis zaqaria faliaSvils (1938 w).

nugzar papuaSvili, zaqaria faliaSvili _ mogoneba, Jurnali `saba~, #9 (21), 2004, seqtemberi, gv. 6.

davaleba 4:

1. axseni wyaro 7-is safuZvelze: a) ras gulisxmobdnen Tanamedroveebi saxelwodeba `frangis~ qveS? b) risi eSinoda zaqaria faliaSvils?

wyaro 9. saqvelmoqmedo fondis `saqarTvelos karitasis~ Sesaxeb

15 welia moqmedebs quTaisSi da mTel saqarTveloSi kaTolikur eklesia-sTan arsebuli saqvelmoqmedo fondi `karitasi~, romelic axorcielebs hu-manitarul proeqtebs. bavSvTa saganmanaTleblo centri, ufaso ambulatoria invalidTa da pensionerTaTvis, ufaso medikamentebi, Sin movlis sapatronaJo samsaxuri, devnilebis daxmarebis programa, ufaso sasadilo umweoTaTvis, puris sacxobi (30 dasaqmebuli). am proeqtebSi dasaqmebulTa absoluturi um-ravlesoba marTlmadidebelia.

interviu levan begiSvilTan, saqvelmoqmedo fondis `saqarTvelos karitasis~ xelmZRvanelTan, Caiwera naTia namiWeiSvilma, 2010, 5 ivnisi.

davaleba 5.

1. Seadare wyaro 9 wina wyaroebs da axseni, ra cvlilebebi moxda kaTolikebsa da marTlmadideblebs Soris urTierTobaSi?

ganmazogadebeli kiTxva: ratom Tvlidnen Tavs sxvadasxva konfesiis adamianebi, maT Soris, kaTolikebi, upirvelesad, WeSmarit quTaislebad?