gerak refleks itu gerak spontanitas
TRANSCRIPT
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7/22/2019 Gerak Refleks Itu Gerak Spontanitas
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Gerak refleks itu gerak spontanitas, tanpa melalui pusat susunan syaraf/otak. Stimulus yg diterima
organisme langsung diterima oleh afektor.
sedangkan gerak non refleks dikendalikan oleh pusat kesadaran/otak. Stimulus yg diterima reseptor
diteruskan ke otak, diolah baru terjadi respon.
Akibatnya gerak non refleks menjadi lebih lama dibandingkan gerak refleks..
Jawaban ini juga untuk menjawab pertanyaan anda sebelumnya tentang perbedaan gerak refleks &
non refleks.
gerak terkendali atau gerak disadari melalui sel otak sensible lalu ke sel otak motorik - gerak
- lalu motorik memerintahkan tangan atau kaki bergerak
misal ada nyamuk di tangan
saraf sensibel memberi tahu saraf motorik agar menepuk nyamuk di tangansaraf motorik memerintahkan tangan kanan menepuk nyamuk itu. maka matilah si nyamuk
jadi, gerak disadari atau gerak terkendali lebih panjang rangkaian perintahnya
gerak refliks langsung tanpa rangkaian perintah seperti di atas, sehingga lebih cepat
tapi ini bukan gerak otomatis, yang betul betul tanpa kendali
gerak refleks tidak bisa di ulangi
Bernafas adalah proses mengambil oksigen dari udara melalui hidung/mulut, kemudian diolah diparu-paru, dan diedarkan ke seluruh tubuh melalui darah. Manusia menghirup Oksigen (O2) dan
mengeluarkan Karbon Dioksida (CO2) sebagai gas buang dari bernafas. Jika aliran darah tidak lancar
ke salah satu organ, maka organ tersebut akan lemas karena kekurangan oksigen.
Saat melakukan kegiatan yang membutuhkan tenaga besar, otot dari organ terkait memerlukan
lebih banyak oksigen. Begitu juga saat berlari, berlari melibatkan banyak organ tubuh, akibatnya
banyak organ tubuh yang membutuhkan suplai oksigen lebih. Semakin cepat berlari, semakin banyak
oksigen yang dibutuhkan, semakin cepat kita menghirup oksigen (bahkan sampai bernafas lewat
mulut), semakin cepat aliran darah di tubuh, dan pastinya semakin banyak CO2 yang dikeluarkan .
Saat berlari, paru-paru bekerja keras mengolah oksigen, sedangkan jantung berdetak cepat
memompa darah ke seluruh tubuh membawa oksigen hasil olahan dari paru-paru dengan kecepatan
tinggi. Ketika selesai berlari, jantung dan paru-paru tidak bisa begitu saja langsung bergerak pelan
seperi saat keadaan tidak berlari, ini dikarenakan tubuh masih membutuhkan suplai oksigen lebih.
Maka untuk beberapa saat, darah masih akan mengalir di tubuh dengan kecepatan tinggi, sambil
menunggu keadaan tubuh kembali normal .
Berikut adalah otak berwarna-warni twister disebut efek Stroop, diciptakan oleh John Ridley
Stroop pada tahun 1935. Nama warna di bawah ini ditulis dalam berbagai warna. Cobalah
membaca daftar keras, secepat yang Anda bisa. Ini lebih sulit daripada yang terlihat, karenaotak Anda jadi bingung antara membaca kata dan penamaan warna, sebuah fenomena yang
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7/22/2019 Gerak Refleks Itu Gerak Spontanitas
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psikolog disebut gangguan.
Sekarang cobalah menamai warna dari kata-kata keras, secepat yang Anda bisa.
Mengabaikan apa kata-kata katakan, hanya memperhatikan warna yang sebenarnya.
Kebanyakan orang menemukan tugas ini sulit, karena sulit untuk menekan terlatih impuls
kita untuk membaca kata-kata berkata apa-apa psikolog sebut respons inhibisi. Tetapi denganpraktek tugas semakin mudah dan lebih mudah, menunjukkan kemampuan luar biasa otak
kita untuk rewire sendiri.
Stroop efek
Dari Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas
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HijauMerahBiru
UnguBiruUngu
BiruUnguMerah
HijauUnguHijau
efek Stroop adalah temuan bahwa penamaan warna set pertama kata-kata yang lebih mudahdan lebih cepat daripada yang kedua.
Dalampsikologi, efek Stroopadalah demonstrasi dariwaktu reaksidari tugas. Ketika nama
warna (misalnya, "biru," "hijau," atau "merah") dicetak dalam warna tidak dilambangkan
dengan nama (misalnya, kata "merah" dicetak dengan tinta biru, bukan tinta merah),
penamaan warna kata memakan waktu lebih lama dan lebih rentan terhadap kesalahan
daripada ketika warna tinta sesuai dengan nama warna. Efek ini dinamaiJohn Ridley Stroop
yang pertama kali diterbitkan efek dalam bahasa Inggris pada tahun 1935.[1]Efeknya
sebelumnya telah diterbitkan di Jerman pada tahun 1929.[2][3][4]The kertas asli telah
menjadi salah satu yang paling dikutip makalah dalam sejarahpsikologi eksperimental,
menyebabkan lebih dari 700 ulangan.[4]
Efeknya telah digunakan untuk membuat tespsikologi (Tes Stroop)yang banyak digunakan dalam praktek klinis dan investigasi.
Isi
1 Asli percobaan 2 Eksperimental temuan 3 Modifikasi 4 Stroop uji 5 Anatomi dasar 6 Budaya populer 7 Lihat juga
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gSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-pmid5328883-3http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-Jaensch-2http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ridley_Stroop&usg=ALkJrhiOFeADNkoZ2rIOP2zVtQTjyuq3mQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaction_time&usg=ALkJrhjA77q7Q_AOnyEw1WsF498MSSUriwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology&usg=ALkJrhiSBnQML87m1pxywt3INGEZp6wheAhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#p-searchhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#mw-head 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7/22/2019 Gerak Refleks Itu Gerak Spontanitas
3/7
8 Referensi 9 Pranala luar
percobaan AsliStimuli 1:Ungu Coklat Merah Biru Hijau
Stimuli 2:Coklat MerahBiruHijau
Rangsangan 3:
Contoh dari tiga rangsangan dan warna yang digunakan untuk masing-masing kegiatan
artikel Stroop aslinya.[1]
Gambar 1 dari Percobaan 2 dari deskripsi asli dari Efek Stroop (1935). 1 adalah waktu yang
dibutuhkan untuk menamai warna dari titik-titik, sementara 2 adalah waktu yang dibutuhkan
untuk mengatakan warna ketika ada konflik dengan kata-kata tertulis.[1]
Efek ini dinamaiJohn Ridley Stroop, yang menerbitkan efek dalam bahasa Inggris pada
tahun 1935 dalam sebuah artikel berjudul Studi gangguan dalam reaksi verbal serialyangmencakup tiga percobaan yang berbeda.[1]Namun, efek pertama kali diterbitkan pada tahun
1929 di Jerman, dan akarnya dapat diikuti kembali ke karyaJames McKeen Cattelldan
Wilhelm Maximilian Wundtpada abad kesembilan belas.[2][3][4]
Dalam eksperimennya, Stroop diberikan beberapa variasi tes yang sama yang tiga macam
rangsangan diciptakan. Dalam yang pertama, nama-nama warna muncul dengan tinta hitam.
Dalam kedua, nama-nama warna muncul dalam tinta yang berbeda dari warna bernama.
Akhirnya pada yang ketiga, ada kotak dari warna tertentu.[1]
Dalam percobaan pertama, 1 dan 2 digunakan (lihat gambar pertama). Tugas dibutuhkan
peserta untuk membaca nama-nama warna tertulis kata-kata independen dari warna tinta(misalnya, mereka harus membaca "ungu" tidak peduli apa warna tinta itu). Dalam percobaan
http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#Referenceshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#Referenceshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#External_linkshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#External_linkshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ridley_Stroop&usg=ALkJrhiOFeADNkoZ2rIOP2zVtQTjyuq3mQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ridley_Stroop&usg=ALkJrhiOFeADNkoZ2rIOP2zVtQTjyuq3mQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ridley_Stroop&usg=ALkJrhiOFeADNkoZ2rIOP2zVtQTjyuq3mQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McKeen_Cattell&usg=ALkJrhg4nSQvKad7GWWAJgzlm60pUAP0Nwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McKeen_Cattell&usg=ALkJrhg4nSQvKad7GWWAJgzlm60pUAP0Nwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McKeen_Cattell&usg=ALkJrhg4nSQvKad7GWWAJgzlm60pUAP0Nwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Maximilian_Wundt&usg=ALkJrhju0r0UVi2aE40Ydv4tdzkNWErbuQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Maximilian_Wundt&usg=ALkJrhju0r0UVi2aE40Ydv4tdzkNWErbuQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-Jaensch-2http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-Jaensch-2http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-pmid5328883-3http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-pmid5328883-3http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-pmid2034749-4http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-pmid2034749-4http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-pmid2034749-4http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search?q=STROOP+EFFECTS+ADALAH&hl=id&client=firefox-a&hs=f1Z&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stroop-fig1-exp2.jpg&usg=ALkJrhjJoKOaqNuqInJPPS2R1w60H0-owwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search?q=STROOP+EFFECTS+ADALAH&hl=id&client=firefox-a&hs=f1Z&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stroop-fig1-exp2.jpg&usg=ALkJrhjJoKOaqNuqInJPPS2R1w60H0-owwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search?q=STROOP+EFFECTS+ADALAH&hl=id&client=firefox-a&hs=f1Z&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stroop-fig1-exp2.jpg&usg=ALkJrhjJoKOaqNuqInJPPS2R1w60H0-owwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search?q=STROOP+EFFECTS+ADALAH&hl=id&client=firefox-a&hs=f1Z&tbo=d&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Stroop-fig1-exp2.jpg&usg=ALkJrhjJoKOaqNuqInJPPS2R1w60H0-owwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-pmid2034749-4http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-pmid5328883-3http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-Jaensch-2http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Maximilian_Wundt&usg=ALkJrhju0r0UVi2aE40Ydv4tdzkNWErbuQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McKeen_Cattell&usg=ALkJrhg4nSQvKad7GWWAJgzlm60pUAP0Nwhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ridley_Stroop&usg=ALkJrhiOFeADNkoZ2rIOP2zVtQTjyuq3mQhttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#cite_note-stroop-1http://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#External_linkshttp://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&ei=dzXQUJOHA4HWrQfroIHYCw&hl=id&prev=/search%3Fq%3DSTROOP%2BEFFECTS%2BADALAH%26hl%3Did%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3Df1Z%26tbo%3Dd%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official&rurl=translate.google.com&sl=en&twu=1&u=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect&usg=ALkJrhgSPls7FDeXKCQhI5cygVJKxG4ejQ#References 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kedua, stimulus 2 dan 3 yang digunakan, dan peserta diminta untuk mengatakan warna huruf
independen dari kata-kata tertulis dengan jenis kedua stimulus dan juga nama warna kotak
dot. Jika kata "ungu" ditulis dengan warna merah, mereka harus mengatakan "merah", tapi
tidak "ungu", ketika kotak ditunjukkan, peserta harus mengatakan warna. Stroop, pada
percobaan ketiga, peserta diuji nya pada berbagai tahap praktek di tugas dan stimulus yang
digunakan dalam percobaan pertama dan kedua, untuk memperhitungkan efek dari asosiasi.[1]
Stroop mencatat bahwa peserta waktu lebih lama untuk menyelesaikan pembacaan warna
dalam tugas kedua dari mereka telah diambil untuk nama warna kotak di Percobaan 2.
Penundaan ini tidak muncul dalam percobaan pertama. Gangguan tersebut dijelaskan oleh
otomatisasi membaca, di mana pikiran otomatis menentukansemantikarti kata (membaca
kata "merah" dan berpikir tentang warna "merah"), dan kemudian sengaja harus memeriksa
sendiri dan mengidentifikasi bukan warna dari kata (tinta adalah warna selain merah), sebuah
proses yang tidak automatized.[1]
Tidak seperti para peneliti melakukan tes Stroop yang paling sering digunakan dalamevaluasi psikologis,[5]JR Stroop pernah membandingkan waktu yang digunakan untuk
membaca kata-kata hitam dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk penamaan warna yang
bertentangan dengan kata-kata tertulis.
temuan Eksperimental
Rangsangan dalam paradigma Stroop dapat dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: netral, kongruen dan
kongruen. Stimuli netral adalah mereka rangsangan yang hanya teks (mirip dengan
rangsangan 1 eksperimen Stroop itu), atau warna (mirip dengan rangsangan 3 eksperimen
Stroop itu) akan ditampilkan.[6]
rangsangan kongruen adalah mereka di mana warna tinta dankata merujuk dengan warna yang sama (misalnya "merah muda" kata yang tertulis dalam
warna pink). Rangsangan kongruen adalah mereka di mana warna tinta dan kata berbeda.[6]
Tiga temuan eksperimental yang berulang ditemukan dalam percobaan Stroop.[6]Temuan
pertama adalahgangguan semantik,yang menyatakan bahwa penamaan warna tinta stimuli
netral (misalnya ketika tinta warna dan kata tidak mengganggu satu sama lain) lebih cepat
daripada dalam kondisi selaras.[7]Hal ini disebut gangguan semantik karena biasanya
diterima bahwa hubungan dalam arti antara warna tinta dan kata adalah akar dari gangguan.[6
]Temuan kedua,fasilitasi semantik,menjelaskan temuan bahwa penamaan tinta rangsangan
kongruen lebih cepat (misalnya ketika warna tinta dan pertandingan kata) daripada ketika
stimuli netral hadir (misalnya ketika tinta hitam, tapi kata menggambarkan warna). Temuan
ketiga adalah bahwa kedua gangguan semantik dan fasilitasi menghilang ketika tugas terdiridari membaca kata bukannya penamaan tinta. Telah kadang-kadang disebut asynchrony
Stroop,dan telah dijelaskan oleh otomatisasi berkurang ketika warna penamaan dibandingkan
dengan kata-kata membaca.[6]
Dalam studiteori gangguan, prosedur yang paling umum digunakan telah mirip dengan
percobaan kedua Stroop di mana mata pelajaran yang diuji pada penamaan warna kata-kata
yang tidak kompatibel dan patch kontrol, namun percobaan pertama (membaca kata-kata
dalam warna hitam dibandingkan kongruen) telah menerima kurang tertarik. Dalam kedua
kasus, skor interferensi dinyatakan sebagai perbedaan antara waktu yang diperlukan untuk
membaca masing-masing dua jenis kartu.[4]Biasanya daftar rangsangan yang digunakan, tapi
waktu langkah-langkah untuk kata-kata individu memungkinkan kontrol lebih pada variabel
penelitian.[ 4]Daripada penamaan atau membaca rangsangan keras, subjek juga telah diminta
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untuk mengurutkan rangsangan ke dalam kategori.[4]karakteristik yang berbeda dari stimulus
seperti warna tinta atau arah kata-kata juga telah sistematis bervariasi.[4]Tak satu pun dari
semua ini modifikasi menghilangkan efek dari gangguan.[4]
Modifikasi
Tugas Stroop dapat digunakan dalamneuroimaging fungsionalstudi untuk menyelidiki dasar
neuroanatomi dari efek Stroop. MenggunakanfMRI, misalnya, seseorang dapat
mengidentifikasi daerah otak yang diaktifkan oleh interferensi antara kata-kata emosional dan
wajah.[8]
Sebagai salah satu koran yang paling direferensikan dalam psikologi eksperimental,
pengujian juga telah dimodifikasi lebih lanjut untuk menyelidiki fenomena yang sangat
berbeda.[4]
Tugas Stroop telah digunakan untuk mempelajari fungsi frontal danperhatiandalam
pencitraan otakstudi.[9]
Berbicara tidak mungkin dalam scanner karena bergerak kepala,sehingga tema nomor sering digunakan sebagai pengganti. Misalnya, tiga katadapat
ditampilkan bertuliskan "dua" dan peserta harus menekan tigatombol pada kotak mereka.[10]
Contoh lain dari tugas turunan yang menunjukkan efek interferensi mungkin termasuk
gambar dengan keterangan kongruen (misalnya sebuah gambar burung dengan nama hewan
lain sebagai keterangan, tugas yang sedang penamaan gambar), atau kata yang tersisadi
sebelah kanan gambar (tugas yang mengatakan di mana kata tersebut terletak).[11]
Tes memiliki tambahan telah dimodifikasi untuk menyertakan lainnyamodalitas sensorikdan
variabel,[12]untuk mempelajari pengaruhbilingualisme,[13]atau untuk mengetahui pengaruh
emosi pada gangguan.[14][15][16]Efek yang sama memiliki juga telah diamati pada individu
dengangrafem-warna sinestesia, orang-orang yang melihat warna ketika melihat nomor-nomor tertentu dan huruf. Jika nomor atau huruf disajikan sedemikian individu dalam warna
lain selain apa yang akan mereka rasakan, ada penundaan dalam menentukan warna apa
karakter sebenarnya.[17]
Dalamneo-Piaget teori perkembangan kognitif, beberapa variasi tugas Stroop telah
digunakan untuk mempelajari hubungan antarakecepatan pemrosesandanfungsi eksekutif
denganmemori kerjadanperkembangan kognitifdalam berbagai domain. Penelitian ini
menunjukkan bahwa waktu reaksi untuk Stroop tugas menurun secara sistematis dari anak
usia dini sampai dewasa awal. Perubahan ini menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan pengolahan
meningkat dengan usia dan kontrol kognitif menjadi semakin efisien. Selain itu, penelitian ini
sangat menyarankan bahwa perubahan dalam proses-proses dengan usia yang sangat erat
terkait dengan perkembangan dalam memori kerja dan berbagai aspek pemikiran.[18][19]
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