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TRANSCRIPT
-
1
1 8
2 18
3 50
4 81
5 101
6 126
7 237
8 298
9 348
10 401
11 497
12 600
13 662
2
1 735
2 779
3 808
4 825
5 Rub 838
6 866
7 891
8 937
9 948
-
10 967
11 971
12 979
13 1005
14 1043
15 1073
3
1 1143
2 1246
3 1379
4
1 1533
2 1541
3 1584
4 1772
5
1. 1846
2. 1855
3. 1923
4. 1941
5. 1955
6. 1958
7. ????
-
3
-
3 1141
( 3 )
1
(The Maintenance of Journal and Thrust Bearing)
1. (Generals of Bearings) 1143
2.
(The Kind and Characteristic of Journal Bearing) 1152
3. (Maintenance of Journal Bearing) 1164
4.
(The kind and Characteristic of Thrust Bearing) 1213
5. (Thrust Bearing Maintenance) 1219
6. (Bearing Dynamics and Basic Concepts) 1226
7.
(The Location of Temperature Sensor & Measurement) 1237
2 (Shaft Alignment)
1. (Shaft Alignment Basics) 1246
2. (Casing Alignment Using Piano Wire) 1271
3. (Shaft Alignment Measurement Techniques) 1278
4. ,
(Plot, Calculation and Exercise for Shaft Alignment) 1292
5.
(Various Plotting Techniques to Determine Machinery Movement) 1315
6. (Alignment of Specific Rotor System) 1324
7. (Rigid Coupling Alignment) 1328
8.
(Considerations for Moving Machinery in the Field) 1338
9. (Laser Alignment) 1348
-
1142 3
3 (Balancing)
1. (Unbalance and Balancing) 1379
2. (Types of Unbalance) 1387
3. (Simplified System Dynamics) 1392
4. 1402
5. (Single Plane Balancing) 1408
6. (Two Plane Balancing) 1421
7. Balance Weight 1452
8. Weight Balancing 1459
9. (Generator Rotor Thermal Sensitivity) 1482
10. Blade (Blade Distribution Program) 1497
-
1
(The Maintenance of Journal and Thrust Bearing)
1. (Generals of Bearings)
1.1 (Introduction)
, .
,
.
,
.
.
.
1.2 (Structure of the Oil Film and Lubrication)
.
1-1 Absorbed Film, Boundary Film,
Full Film .
Absorbed Film ,
. (Boundary Film)
, ,
. .
(Full Film) , .
, , , , ,
-
1144 3
0.15 .
1-1
1.3 (Eccentricity and the Range of the Oil Film)
1-2
1-2 ,
0 e .
, . (hmin) A
.
h min =C2
(1-n)
C n (2eC). 0-0' ,
(Attitude Angle) ,
-
1 1145
. A ,
.
,
0.0254 .
180() .
,
, .
(Unit Loading
Pressure) 3, .
.
1-3 4 . (a)
, Wedge
. (Hydrostatic) (b)
. Squeeze Film (c)
.
1-3 : (a) , (b) , (c) ,
(d)
-
1146 3
1.4 (Bearing Friction)
.
.
,
.
.
1-4
1-4 .
Sommerfeld Number .
Sommerfeld Number D, N, C, P
Z . AB
Sommerfeld Number A
.
A B
, .
A . A Sommerfeld
Number , A
.
-
1 1147
A C .
.
C D
.
,
.
, ,
4 .
,
.
1.5 (Bearing Clearance)
. , ,
.
.
, 1-2 .
3 ,
.
,
.
,
Rubbing Packing .
.
.
2,000 rpm 1 0.0254 (0.001), 4,500 rpm
0.033 (0.0013), 4,500 rpm 0.05 (0.002) .
2
.
1.6 Orifice (Oil Flow and Orifice)
,
-
1148 3
.
.
.
, .
.
,
. 17
. 0.71.75 /, 4045,
.
.
.
,
.
1.7 Size Factor (Size Factor and Allowable Loadings)
.
.
.
. L/D
1.0, 0.3. .
, (LD)
.
.
(R/(LD)).
717.7 /.
,
.
-
1 1149
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
Stage
.
.
1.8 (Bearing Temperatures)
.
Drain .
T(Tout-Tin) , .
T =Hp
60QC p
T = ()
Hp = (kcal/min)
C p = (kcal/)
Q = Total Oil Flow (/sec)
= (0.00086 /cc)
. 28 ,
28 .
, Drain
Chamber .
-
1150 3
Drain
.
,
.
.
. 3600 rpm 7193 .
177 149
.
.
2228
.
,
3
, .
GE .
() () Trip()
7788 107 121
8899 107 121
82110 116 127
,
.
, ,
.
.
-
1 1151
. 0.50.75
. .
* . * .
Chamber . .
. .
- .
. .
* .
1.9 -, (Oil Film-Spring and Damping Constants)
.
.
.
.
.
, .
.
,
- .
2eC Sommerfeld Number .
Sommerfeld Number .
S =2.4210-9ND 2/c
P
= ( )
N = (rpm)
D = ()
C = ()
P =
-
1152 3
Sommerfeld Number ,
.
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
2.
(The Kind and Characteristic of Journal Bearing)
2.1 (Cylinderical Bearings)
.
, Oil
Whip .
.
1-5
Overshot
-
1 1153
.
. ,
.
Seal Deflector
.
Ring Labyrinth Seal
. Deflector 0.20.254 .
2.2 (Elliptical Bearings)
. ,
Oil Gap Shim . Shim
2 .
,
. .
.
Overshot ,
Overshot .
.
.
.
Overshot ,
.
, ,
.
1-6 (Angle of Convergence) ,
4 ( 1-7)
-
1154 3
. 4
.
4 4
.
1-6 1-7
2.3 (Pressure Bearings)
(Pressure Type Bearing) ,
.
.
45 ( 1-8
).
.
,
.
. 7 /
1.43.4 / .
-
1 1155
, 1/2
0.5080.762 .
.
.
.
,
.
Oil Whip
Oil Whip
.
.
.
1-8
-
1156 3
2.4 (Axial Groove Bearings)
( 1-9) .
,
.
( 1-10).
1-9 Axial Groove Bearing 1-10 Axial Groove Bearing
.
.
.
Drain ,
.
1-11
, .
71112 .
6
-
1 1157
1 .
Drain .
1-11
1-9, 1-11 .
3060% .
Drain ,
.
Drain ,
. Drain
.
.
, .
,
2530.
71116 , 116 .
-
1158 3
6,
.
.
,
Drain .
2.5 (Multilobe Bearings)
,
. 3, 4,10
. 3 4 . Lobe
Tapered Land .
1-12 Load On Pad(LOP) 3 Lobe .
1-12 3
2.6 (Offset Half Bearings)
Offset
1-13 ( 1/2) .
. , 1-14
45
.
1-13 Offset Half
-
1 1159
1-14 Offset Half
2.7 (Tilting Pad Bearings)
, .
,
.
36 ,
.
4, 5 6 , 4 2
, 5 4 6 2
3 .
1-15 6 .
(Lips) ,
.
,
.
-
1160 3
Double , Single .
1-15
1-16 .
.
.
Shim
. ,
,
0.6 .
1-16 Block
1-17 ,
.
.
.
-
1 1161
1-17
,
.
5.3 /
1.4 / .
.
Wiper Seal Ring .
Overflow
, Drain
.
, .
,
, Whirl
.
Whip
Whip , Whip
, 1.4 /
.
-
1162 3
3 .
1-18(a) Rocker Back Pad, .
.
.
1-18(b) (Bottom)
Member Flat Disc .
,
. .
. 1-18(c)
.
.
Fretting .
(Brinelling)
.
. 2
.
.
1-1
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
> > > >
-
1 1163
1-2
Bearing TypeLoad
Capacity
Suitable
Direction
of Rotation
Resistance
to Halfspeed
Whirl
Stiffness
and
Damping
Cylindrical Bore
Good Worst
Increasing
Best
Moderate
Cylindrical Bore with
Good Moderate
Dammed Groove
Lemon Bore
Good Moderate
Three Lobe
Moderate Good
Offset Halves
Good Excellent
Tilting Pad
Moderate Good
-
1164 3
(a) Rocker back (b) Spherical
(c) Ball-in-Socket
1-18
3. (Maintenance of Journal Bearing)
3.1 (Measurment of Bearing Clearance)
3.1.1 (Checking on Disassembly)
Micrometer
( ). 2
.
3.1.2 (Checking on Assembly)
1-19 Oil Gap 1.31.5
.
-
1 1165
Micrometer .
Oil Gap.
Oil Gap 1.31000
1.331000
, Side
Oil Gap 2.
Babbitt
, ,
.
1-19 Oil Gap
3.2 (Checking Parallel Alignment)
Wiping
Babbitt .
1-20 4 .
(0.20.4 ) Thickness Gage ,
5 .
(Twist)(OL - IL + OR - IR)
2 0.0003
, 1-21 (Tilt) OV-IV-(OT-IT) 0
0.0001Journal Dia. .
Shim Plate , Oil Flushing
.
-
1166 3
1-20 Twist ( )
1-21 Tilt ( )
1-22 Oil Jack 0.4
.
.
-
1 1167
.
1-22
3.3 (Contact between Journal and Bearing)
0.330.54( 4060)
.
1-23 ( l 1 : l 2) 1:3
. 1:3
,
.
60 , ,
,
.
1-23
3.4 (Management of Journal Bearing Ball Seat)
1-24
.
-
1168 3
Rotor Alignment Ball Seat
, ,
.
1-24 Ball Seat
3.4.1 (Ball Seat Contact)
(1)
Ball Seat
, . 80%
.
. 1-25 Ball Seat Contact Check .
,
Scraping .
Scraper Oil Stone . Blue Paste
-
1 1169
.
.
1-25 Ball Seat Contact Check
(2) Shim Pad
Ring
Shim Plate Pad . Shim Plate Pad Pedestal
. Shim Plate Pedestal Pad
Ring .
80% Ring Pad .
Shim Pad 45 100% , 90 Shim Pad
.
Ring Padestal
Pad Paste Ring .
Pad Scraper . Alignment Shim Plate 0.2
.
-
1170 3
3.4.2 (Bearing Torque and Pinch Check)
Ball Seat Pinch
. Ball Seat
. Ball Seat
Ball Seat , Ball Seat ,
Seat Seat
. .
.
Ball Seat ,
Sub-synchronous .
Pinch .
Ball Seat , Ball Seat ,
.
Ball Seat , Ball Seat
.
Pinch Check Torque Check , Torque Check
, Torque Check
, Torque Check .
, Pinch Check Ball Seat
. Ball Seat
, Ball Seat . Pinch Check
, Pinch Check
, Ball Seat
.
Torque Check , Pinch Check Ball Seat
Contact Check . Contact Check ,
Seat , .
(1)
Ring Ring
-
1 1171
Micrometer .
Babbitt Remoulding ,
1-26 .
1-26
1-27 (0.40.6 )
Ring 0.3 Shim Plate
. Ring
, Shim Plate
. 0.20.3 Shim Plate
.
1-27 Ball Seat Pinch Check
Pinch Clearance Unit
.
-
1172 3
,
Ring , 3( 1-28)
. 0.05 .
1-28 Ball Seat
(2)
Torque Check Ring ,
Ring .
Ring
.
Torque Check
1-29 Ring Pedestal ,
Torque Check Device .
1-29 Ball Seat
GE HITACHI .
-
-
1 1173
1-30
-
= 0.3210-3DB/2Bw
DB : ()
Bw : ()
Ring Torque Check
.
: -m
BoltSize
114
'' 112
'' 134
'' 2 '' 214
'' 212
'' 234
'' 3 ''
- 110 120 135 150 160 - -
50-60 55-65 60-70 70-80 80-90 90-100 90-105 110-110
3.5 Babbitt (Checking of Bond Quality)
3.5.1 Thickness Gage PT (Check with T.G Gage and PT)
Shell Babbitt ( l 1 + l 2 + l 3 + l 4)
60% , 0.04 Thickness Gage 20%
. 1 Segment
-
1174 3
Segment .
1-31
3.5.2 (Check with Ultrasonic Test)
3.5.1 Babbitt
.
- Jacking Oil Port
- 3.5.1 ,
UT 20% 1 2525
. 2040%
.
3.6 Ring
(Tightening Method of Adjusting Ring Bolt)
3.6.1 (Effect of Bolt Tightening)
.
.
- Rotor Alignment .
- Ring Flange Shim Pad .
- .
-
1 1175
- .
- Frame .
3.6.2 (Method of Bolt Tightening)
(1) ( Shim )
1-32
.
.
Ring Flange Pedestal Ring
4 ( 0.5 ).
Torque Wrench 4 (
, , , ) 1/3 , 1/3
, .
1/2 Flat(306) .
3/100
. 3/100 10 -m .
(2)
1-32 Ring Flange Shim
0.10.15 .
0.05 .
Shim .
1-32(a) Strap Tightening
-
1176 3
1-32(b) Ring Shimming
3.7
(Assembly and Disassembly of Journal Bearing)
.
.
Oil Stone (Kerosene) Shell
Damaged Spot Burrs .
0.25 ,
. .
Heavy Lube Oil .
.
.
Outer Ring( Ring)
Alignment Shim . 1-33
Shim Pad , 1-34
Shim
Chart.
-
1 1177
1-33 Shim Pad
1-34 Shim Pad Shim
Alignment Pad Pedestal 75% (
100%) .
, Burr
, Alignment
-
1178 3
Feeler Gage . , 0.030 Feeler Gage
.
, Outer Ring
12 mils . 1-35 Dial
Gage , Pedestal Flange Outer Ring
. Subsynchronous
, .
Ball Seat Twist Tilt
, .
1-35 Strap Bolt Tightening
3.8 Double Tilting Pad
(Operation and Maintenance of Double Tilt Pad Bearings)
3.8.1 (Instruction)
Double Tilt Pad , ,
, DTP . ,
A. ( 1-36)
B. Pad 1974 ( 1-37)
C. Pad 1976 ( 1-37)
-
1 1179
1-36
1-37 Pad
3.8.2 (General Design)
3000 3600 rpm
, .
-
1180 3
Double Tilting Pad(DTP) .
.
. DTP Babbitt
Pad . Pad 3 6 Ring
Bore . Pad
Ring .
Pad Wedge . Pad
Pad .
Ring Hook Fit Handling Pad
Pad .
( Bore) 15
0.0013 , 16
0.0015 . Pad
Plate .
A . Oil
Drain
. Sight Box
. Ring Seal Strip
. Pad Pad
Overshot Groove . Groove
1.64.8 .
B Ring 360 Hole .
Hole Pad
. Ring Down-comming Side
Drain Hole Drain Oil Sight Box .
.
Ring Seal Strip .
Cover Plate . Pad Wear Plate
. Pad Shim
. Pad Palte
-
1 1181
(Indenting)
. Pad Overshot Groove .
C B .
Type Cover Plate .
3.8.3 (Operational Recommendations)
Pad
.
Trip .
DTP
. 82104
.
2.85.6 .
2225 .
Alarm Limit : 107, Trip Limit : 121
Alarm Limit
.
113 .
Babbitt Wiping . Alarm
Limit 107
( ).
Trip Limit 121 Trip .
3.8.4 (Maintenance Recommendations)
DTP
.
(1)
.
. ? ?
.
-
1182 3
(2) Pedestal ()
,
Standard Hood
. 0.030 Feeler Gage Pedestal
Pad . Pad Feeler Gage
.
Flange Flange Flange
. Flange Troque
. 0.030 Feeler Gage
.
.
(3) ()
Part A
.
.
Babbitt Ring
Pad .
.
Mandrel ( Part B -
).
0.002.
.
, ,
.
.
(4)
Ring .
Match-mark .
. , ,
-
1 1183
.
.
(5) Ring
Ring Pad Match-marking Ring
Pad . Ring Fretting
.
Ring Bore Pad
Alignment Pad
Ring , , Fretting
.
B, C Ring Bore ,
Pad Wear Plate , Wear Plate Shim
. A Ring Wear Plate
, Ring Wear Plate
Bore .
Ring Alignment Pad
.
Alignment Pad .
Ring Seal Strip .
Seal + + 0.010 in(0.25 ) .
Seal 0.015 in(0.38 ) .
Dowel Fit . Dowel
. 0.002 in(0.05 ).
(6) Pad
Pad Fretting
. Pad Leading Edge Trailing Edge
. Leading Edge Pad
0.50.55 .
-
1184 3
.
Pad .
Pad 0.010 in(0.25 )
. Pad 0.125 in(3.18 )
( 1-38 ).
1-38
Babbitt
Babbitt Pad .
Dovetail Babbitt 35% Pad
.
Babbitt (Scoring) , Babbitt
(Smeared), Pad TIG
-
1 1185
[(8)- ].
Pad Mandrel
((7) (8)- ).
(7) Pad
Babbitt
Pad Mandrel Blue Paint
. Mandrel , 0.001 in(0.25 )
, 63rms ( Mandrel
).
Pad Mandrel 80% .
Hand-scraping .
Pad .
Pad Blue Paint .
Blue Paint Check Shim
.
Pad . Babbitt
Pad ,
. Pad
. Pad
. Mandrel .
(8) Bore
Pad Bore
.
Pad .
Bore .
Babbitt .
Mandrel
Pad Mandrel
-
1186 3
((7)) Pad Mandrel Ring
Pad Shim Bore . B,
C . A Pad
Wear Plate . Mandrel Fitting
B, , 4 .
Mandrel Pad Mandrel Fit
. 0.005 in(0.127 )
. Pad
Side Pad . Pad
, . Pad Shim
, Pad Bore Side Pad
Pad , Pad
.
Pad Ring Bore
Shim .
Babbitt
Pad
Babbitt . Pad Ring
TIG Babbitt
, Bore .
.
(6) Pad .
(9) Pad
Pad Rebabbitting
.
1 Set Pad . Pad
Babbitt ,
. Pad Hole
. Hole Ring , Bore
. Pad Pad
-
1 1187
Pad Box . Pad
1/4 in-20 TPI .
Babbitt Pad
. .
(10) Pad ()
Match-mark Pad Ring . Pad
Leading Edge Trailing Edge 0.375 in(9.53 )
. Pad Ring .
Pad Pad
. Pad , Pad
Pad Drain Groove
. 0.0625 in(1.59 ) Peening Tool
Staking.
(11) Ring ()
.
B, C 360 Cover .
Ring Pad
Cover .
Tongue Fit Alignment Pad
Oil Stone .
Alignment Pad Shim
.
Alignment Pad Fit
, Standard Fit Alingment Pad Blue Paint
. Alignment Pad 75% ,
100%
Shim .
, 0.0015 in(0.038 ) Feeler Gage
, Shim .
Alignment DTP .
-
1188 3
Turning Gear Jog
.
Ring . 0.0015 in(0.038 ) Feeler Gage
.
Flange Flange 0.002 in(0.05 )
. Lock Plate Locking .
(12) ()
. Pad Boring
, Pad .
Pad
(Procesure for Checking Tilting Pad Journal Bearing Vertical Clearance)
A. (Bearing Clearance to Shaft)
.
Pad
. Pad Babbitt
.
0.01 in(0.25 ) .
Ring 0.0015 in(0.038 ) Feeler Gage
.
Ring (Leading Edge,
, Trailing Edge) .
.
B. Mandrel (Bearing Clearance to Mandrel)
: Mandrel .
15 in(381 ) 1.3/1000
, 16 in(406 )
-
1 1189
1.5/1000.
Pad Mandrel Mandrel
.
Shim . Shim
0.015 in(0.38 ) ,
80% .
Pad
. Pad Babbitt
.
0.01 in(0.25 ) .
Ring 0.0015 in(0.038 ) Feeler Gage
.
Ring (Leading Edge,
, Trailing Edge) . Mandrel
.
.
A = (Mandrel ) - ( )
B = (Mandrel ) - (Shim )
= A + B
Mandrel Bore( )
(Procedure for Restoring Cylindrical Bore Using Mandrel)
: Pad Ring Wear Pad
Shim B, C . A Pad
Check ( 1-39 ).
Pad
Mandrel (Mandrel Pad Pad
, End Seal Mandrel ). 0.2
0.3 in(5.087.62 ) Hole Gage Mandrel Ring
-
1190 3
Seal Bore .
Shim Mandrel .
1-39 Mandrel DTP Setup
6 . ,
Shim Mandrel .
Mandrel Ring , Ring
Rotor Position Wear Pad Shim
.
Pad Side Pad .
. , Side Pad Mandrel
Side Ring Wear Pad Shim .
, Pad Mandrel
(0.002 in(0.05 )), Side Pad Side Wear Pad
Shim . Shim Mandrel Pad
-
1 1191
Babbitt Feeler Gage Pad
. Mandrel
.
Pad Pad
. B Mandrel
. Pad Shim
Pad .
Pad Ring Side
Pad . Side Pad
.
. Mandrel Check
0.002 in(0.05 ) . Pad Pivot ,
.
3.9 Tilting Pad
(Machining Procedure for Tilting Pad Bearing)
GE , ,
.
(1) Ring Pad .
1-40
-
1192 3
(2) 1-41 Pad Match Mark .
1-41
(3) Ring , , Rabbet, Oil Seal
.
(4) Pad Babbitt .
(5) Babbitt 1-42 Pad
.
1-42
(6) Babbitt .
(7) Pad .
Pad .
Pad 1-43
.
-
1 1193
1-43
(8) .
.
(9) 1-44 . Pad
1 in .
1-44
(10) Pad
.
a. Ring Pad
.
-
1194 3
b. Pad Pad Ring
. 15 ft-lbf(2 f-m)
, Point 1-45 .
1-45
c. Pad 1-46 Ring Pad
Babbitt Wedge Side Ring Pad
.
1-46
-
1 1195
d. (7) Pad
Ring .
e. Pad Pad Ring
Pad .
: 0.0015 in(0.03 ) Feeler Gage Pad
Ring .
(11) Pad , Wedge Ring Pad
. Setting .
(12) 2 Side Pad Ring
, (10) . (11)
Pad Ring .
(13) Ring Bottom Pad (10) .
Bottom Pad Ring .
(14) Pad Ring .
Pad Ring Pad , Ring
Side Wedge Pad 15 ft-lbf(2 f-m)
.
: 0.0015 in(0.03 ) Feeler Gage Pad
Ring .
(15) Pad Ring
. Pad Pad Pad
. (10) Ring Pad
. (11) Pad Pad
.
(16) 2 Pad Ring
(10) Ring Pad . (11)
Ring Pad .
(17) Ring Top Pad , (10) Ring
Pad . Top Pad Ring
.
(18) Pad . Ring
-
1196 3
Pad , Ring Side Pad
Wedge , Pad 15 ft-lbf(2 f-m) .
: 0.0015 in(0.03 ) Feeler Gage Pad
Ring .
(19) Pad Ring
. .
(20) 1-47 Ring Oil Seal Tooth Inner
Ring , .
1-47
(21) . 16 in
1.3/1000 , 16 in
1.5/1000 . +0.002
-0.000 in(+0.050 ). 1-48
.
-
1 1197
1-48
(22) Ring Ring Pad .
(23) 1-43 Pad ,
.
(24) Pad .
(25) Pad Profile ,
.
: 800 Pad Overshot Groove
.
(26) Ring Pad .
Deburring.
(27) Mandrel , Roundness, Taper . (21)
.
(28) Mandrel Blue Paint , Pad Mandrel
Pad . Pad Blue
Paint . 80% .
(29) Blue Paint Pad
. 1-49 Pad Leading Edge
-
1198 3
Traveling Edge Oil Relief .
1-49
(30) , Ring Pad .
Blue Paint , Pad
6 Pad Pad
Pad .
a. Bottom Center Pad .
b. Bottom Center Pad Mandrel , Ring Pad
Ring
.
c. 1-50 Ring AB1 , Mandrel
Feeler Gage Mandrel . AB1
. Feeler Gage Mandrel Seal
Tooth . 0.0100.015 in(0.2540.38
) . Mandrel Pad
.
d. Ring AT1 .
e. Ring Ring Mandrel .
f. Side Pad . Mandrel
AB2 .
Mandrel AL AR .
-
1 1199
1-50
g. 3 Bottom Pad AB2 .
1
AB1 AB2 1-51 Side Pad Mandrel
Bottom Center Pad .
AB2 AB1 0.002 in(0.05 ) .
AB2 AB1 0.002 in(0.05 ) 3 Pad
Pad . AB2 -
AB1 Bottom Center Pad Shim , AB2 - AB1
Side Pad Shim .
Seal Tooth (Bottom, Left, Right) AB2 AB1
. Bottom Center Pad Shim
AB2 .
2
AB2 AB1 Mandrel Bottom Center Pad
, Side Pad Center Pad Center
Pad ( 1-51 ).
-
1200 3
1-51
0.0015 in(0.030 ) Feeler
Gage Mandrel Pad .
Pad Mandrel
.
Side Pad 1-51 Feeler
Gage . Feeler Gage Side Pad
Mandrel . 0.002 in(0.05 )
Side Pad Shim .
Bottom Pad 0.002 in(0.05 )
.
h. Ring
Center Pad .
i. Center Pad Mandrel . Ring AT
Feeler Gage Mandrel .
-
1 1201
AT .
j. AB2 AB1
, (30) D AT1 Center
Pad Shim .
AB2 AB1
, AT AT1 - (AB2 - AB1) Center
Pad Shim . ,
AT = AT1 - (AB2 - AB1)
k. Center Pad Side Pad
Side Pad
(Step f 2, AB AT
).
(31) Pad Mandrel .
(32) Center Pad 2
. Side Pad .
(33) 0.015 in Shim Plate . Shim Plate
80% .
(34) 3 Pad Ring Ring
. .
(35) Ring . 3( )
.
= Mandrel + ( - Shim ) -
+0.004, -0.002 in(+0.1, -0.05 )
Shim .
Center Pad Shim
. Center Pad 0.005 in(0.125 )
Side Pad .
(36) Ring Pad , 1-52
ft-lbs .
-
1202 3
1-52
3.10 Pinch
(Measurement of Tilt Pad Bearing Clearance & Pinch)
Outside Fit
.
, Shell Pinch .
Pinch . Pinch
.
. Pinch 0.002
in(0.05 ) .
Shell . Shell
, Pinch
.
Pinch .
.
-
1 1203
1-53 Pinch
1-53 Pinch .
(Ts) Shim . Shell
. Strap
. (Tf) Shim(Ts)
. Pinch (Tf) Shim (Ts) .
Pinch ,
. Lift , Lift
.
Lift ,
.
Lift , Soft
Foot .
.
1-54 Lift Check ,
. (LBP) 2
(LOP) Lift
.
1-55 . Lift
1-3 .
Lift 1-56 Mandrel .
.
-
1204 3
=
Sc =
Scl = (Clearance Circle)
Cr =
Cd = (Clearance)
X =
1-54 Lift
1-55 (Sink)
-
1 1205
1-56 Mandrel
1-3
Sc=CD/2cos
Clearance Circle
Scl=Sc-(Cd/2)
(Lift)
X=Scl+Cd
3LBP 60 Cd 0.5Cd 1.5Cd
LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 1.5Cd
4LBP 45 0.7071Cd 0.2071Cd 1.4142Cd
LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 Cd
5LBP 36 0.6181Cd 0.1180Cd 1.1180Cd
LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 1.1180Cd
6LBP 30 0.5774Cd 0.0774Cd 1.1547Cd
LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 Cd
7LBP 25.71 0.5550Cd 0.0550Cd 1.0550Cd
LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 1.0550Cd
8LBP 22.50 0.5412Cd 0.0412Cd 1.0824Cd
LOP 0 0.5Cd 0 Cd
-
1206 3
LBP
. 1-57 Ss
.
S s=c' b
cos p
1-57
Mandrel
. Mandrel ,
. 2
.
. .
4 .
1-57 .
X = , n =
p=3602n
X= c' b+ S s = c' b (1+ 1cos p )5
p=36025
= 36
X = c' b (1+ 1cos 36 )= c' b ( 2.236)
X =c b2
( 2.236)
c b= (0.894)X
-
1 1207
3.11 (Assembly of Tilt Pad Bearing)
3.11.1 (Final Checking)
Pad Pivot .
Pad Rounding 9.5R (
500 ).
1-58 Pad Rounding
.
Oil Groove ?
( Orifice) ?
Liner Locating Pin
Caulking ?
Ring Contact
Contact 80% .
3.11.2 (Assembly)
Locating Pin Caulking
Caulking .
. Tilting Pad Pad
. 1-59
Housing B
.
-
1208 3
1-59
Oil Gap
Pad
,
Oil Gap .
Oil Gap 0.002 , Oil
Gap 0.0013 .
3.12 (Measuring Method of Bearing Load)
3.12.1 (Instruction)
.
(Rim)
Oil Whip . Rim Oil
Whip .
-
1 1209
3.12.2 (Measuring Method)
.
Wire Crane
.
Chain Block(
) Wire
, (
1-60 ).
1-60
Wire ,
2
.
Pedestal .
0.04 , Gland Packing
0.36
.
-
1210 3
Lower Crane
.
Rotor Shaft Crane ,
1-61
.
.
1-61
0.04 Packing
0.36 0.04 0.36
, .
180 .
Lower .
3.12.3 (Conform of Measurement Result)
Plot Hysteresis Curve ,
Curve . ,
(2)- ,
, 0
Hysteresis Curve .
3.12.4 (Procedure & Method of Mesurement Record)
Lifting Beam
, (2)- ,
-
1 1211
Lifting Beam
.
.
Rotor Shaft
Lift Wire Chain Block .
, Lifting Beam , Dial Gage
. Shaft Pedestal
. Gage , Dial
Gage .
(
50 , ,
),
.
.
1-62
Lower , Crane
. Pedestal .
Piano Shaft
Lower Shaft
, (4)- Shaft Pedestal ,
Pedestal .
.
Lifting Device Lower .
Wire Lifting Device
-
1212 3
, .
Pedestal
0.04 0.36 Chain Block
, . 0.36
0.04 0.36
, .
Rotor Shaft
(Hysteresis Curve) .
3.12.5 Hysteresis Curve Casing
(4)- 0.04 .
(4)- 1-63 Hysteresis Curve
,
= ( - ) /
= ( 0.01 )
1-63 Hysteresis Curve
Hysteresis Curve () 0.04
(0) 0.0
Hysteresis Curve
.
-
1 1213
4.
(The kind and Characteristic of Thrust Bearing)
4.1 (Introduction)
,
( 1-64).
Plate ,
.
Plate . Thrust Plate ()
.
1-64 Thrust Runner
,
,
,
.
.
Thrust Plate .
, ( ) Thrust
Plate Active Thrust Plate , Inactive Thrust Plate
.
-
1214 3
Inactive Inactive Plate Active
, Active Inactive Plate .
.
Pad . Land
Land .
,
.
,
, , , .
.
Land Pad 2
.
, Pad
.
Thrust Plate Thrust Runner
.
, ,
, 0.1270.51 . Thrust Plate
Shim
,
, .
4.2 Flat Land Thrust Bearing
Flat Land
.
, Land .
Flat Land ,
.
Inactive Thrust
-
1 1215
. 5.37 / , 10.5 /
.
4.3 Tapered Land Thrust Bearing
Tapered Land 1-65 Flat Land
Land ,
.
1-65 Tapered Land Thrust Plate
Pad , Pad
Taper .
.
Taper 8090% ,
.
-
1216 3
. (Dam)
Plate .
17 .
.
.
. Tapered Land Plate
.
. , ,
.
4.4 (Tilt Pad Thrust Bearing)
Flat Tapered Land .
,
Plat .
Leveling Ring
,
. 1428 /
, 4263 /.
.
4.4.1 Kingsbury (Kingsbury Thrust Bearing)
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
-
1 1217
Plate Leveling Plate ,
Plate 1-66 .
1-66
Leveling Plate ,
. Leveling Plate Leveling Plate
Pad , Leveling Plate Base Ring .
Plate Pad
. Leveling Plate
Base Ring Set Screw Plate
, .
,
. ,
, .
,
.
, . 42.2 /
.
.
4.4.2 (Michell Bearing)
. 1-67
, , ,
.
-
1218 3
Leveling Plate , Leveling Plate
, Leveling Plate
. ,
Plate
. Pad
Wedge .
1-68 .
1-67
Bearing TypeLoad
Capacity
Suitable
Direction
of Rotation
Tolerance of
Changing
Load/Speed
Tolerance
of
Misalignment
Space
Requirement
Plain Washer
Poor Good Moderate Compact
Taper Land
Bidirectional Moderate Poor Poor Compact
Unidirectional Good Poor Poor Compact
Tilting Pad
Bidirectional Good Good Good Greater
Unidirectional Good Good Good Greater
1-68
-
1 1219
5. (Thrust Bearing Maintenance)
5.1 Float(Bump) Check
.
1-69
( Rotor Collar
) Float Check .
. Float Check Ring, Strap Down Ring
, Front Standard Cap .
Ball Seat Standard Ring
,
.
Float Check ,
,
Turning Gear .
600W Heavy Oil ,
.
.
Shaft , Jogging .
-
1220 3
0.25 .
, Pad , ,
.
Pad ( 1-69 a+a'
b+b' ) 0.13
.
0.05 0.025
.
Thrust Pad , .
.
5.1.1 (Measurement Condition)
(
1-69 D1D6).
.
Pedestal .
5.1.2 (Rotor Pushing Methods)
.
Thrust Pad .
2 Oil Jack
.
0.3 .
0.1 .
5.1.3 (Measurement Procedure)
1-69 ,
, 0 .
.
-
1 1221
3
.
D5(D6) ,
.
5.1.4
(Calculating Axial Clearance of Thrust Bearing)
D1, D2 a
D3, D4 b
c = a-b
c :
a :
b :
Shock Pedestal
, .
5.2 Babbitt Metal (Babbitt Matal Contact)
5.2.1 Back Metal (Back Metal Contact)
Back Metal Blue Paste 70%
, 0.12 Thickness Gage . , Flat Land
, 70% , 0.04 Thickness
Gage Back Metal .
5.2.2 Babbitt Metal (Babbitt Metal Contact to Collar)
Segment Flat Land 70% , Thrust Plate
Flat l / 2 l ' / 2 .
, .
.
-
1222 3
1-70 Plate
70% , Flat l / 2
. , ,
.
5.3 (Parallelism Check to Journal)
.
Thrust Plate Shim ,
Gap , .
Gap .
Alignment .
Stack-up Check . Alignment
, Stack-up Check Float Check 2
mils (0.51 ) . 2 mils ,
.
5.4 Ball Torque Check
Torque Check , 1-71
.
,
, Torque Check .
-
1 1223
1-71 Torque Check
,
Torque Check .
Thrust Plate .
Ring Bolt .
.
.
Ball Centerline , Ball
.
Ball Seat ,
Stone Scraper Ball High Spot , Contact Torque
Check . Contact
-
1224 3
Ring Scraping
. Contact
Ring Scraping.
Scraping ,
. Contact
Ball .
, Scraping
Scraping .
Scraping
.
.
5.5 Pad Taper
(Checking Pad Taper of Thrust Bearing)
Pad Taper Land
.
Back Metal Dial Gage 1-72
. A, B, C Gage 0 Setting. * Taper Land
, B A C .
1-73 , , 0.025
. Taper .
1-72 Pad Taper
-
1 1225
() Taper Land Plot . 1/4 0.025
.
1-73 Pad Taper
5.6 Kingsbury (Checking of Kingsbury Bearing)
(Shoe Support, Shoe Leveling Plate, Base Ring
Leveling Plate, Base Ring) Thrust , Thrust
, Alignment
, Thrust Locking .
1-74
Setting Locking
.
(WH) A 10 , 1520
, .
1015 : Locking
15 : Thrust
-
1226 3
6. (Bearing Dynamics and Basic Concepts)
6.1 (Concept of Cross Coupling Coefficient)
1-75 Converging Wedge
.
.
(Attitude Angle) .
. 2
. Fy=-FyyY .
Fy=-FyyY . x
y . , x
Kxx Kyx .
, Bias,
Seal .
. Seal
, . 1-76
,
(Cross Deflection) .
1-75 1-76
-
1 1227
, .
, .
.
.
.
( ).
. (
) ,
1-77 Net Force .
( ) .
Foward Kxy + , Kyx -
. ,
. +
.
( Orbit)
.
. Pinch
.
( ) Offset
. 1-77
Orbit .
Orbit
.
E cyc=A(Kxy-Kyx)
(Kxy - Kyx)
.
.
, 1-78
. 0
. Orbit ,
.
-
1228 3
1-77 1-78
. ,
.
LOP LBP .
,
, .
.
, .
Bias
. ()
. -
.
6.2 (The Sommerfeld Number)
.
.
.
.
-
1 1229
.
S= NLDW (
Rc )
2
, :
W : (rps)
L :
R :
W :
c :
1-79 1-80 LBP 4
, .
.
. .
6.3 (Effects of Bearing Length)
( 1-79, 1-80 ).
.
.
. .
.
.
. .
.
.
.
-
1230 3
1-79
1-80
6.4 (Effects of Bearing Preload)
1-81 . +
0 . -
.
1-79 1-80 .
.
.
-
1 1231
Cr= Cb= ()
Cr .
) .
.
1-81
. . ()
.
(Flutter) . (Lockup)
Spragging .
.
6.5 Load on Pad(LOP) Load between Pad(LBP)
LBP LOP
. LBP
. , ( ) LBP
. , LBP
. (
)
. LOP
. . 1-82
4 LBP LOP . LOP
LBP .
.
-
1232 3
1-82 LOP LBP
1-83 4 LOP
LBP .
. 1 Forward
1-4 LBP .
LOP + () , LBP -
.
1-83
-
1 1233
1-4 LOP LBP
4 LBP -0.116 0.467 6.6
4 LOP 0.073 0.267 11.0
LOP LBP 1 Forward 1-84 1-85
. LOP
. .
. 1-86
. 1 LOP
.
1-84 LBP 1 Forward
1-85 LOP 1 Forward
-
1234 3
1-86 LOP LBP
6.6
(Effects of Clearance & Oil Supply Temperature)
Tight
. API
. 1-87
.
, ,
.
1-87
-
1 1235
.
. 1
.
, Labyrinth Seal Rubbing .
.
, Labyrinth Seal Rubbing .
1-88 .
1-88
6.7 (Effects of Flexible Support)
.
. , ,
.
, Pedestal
. .
.
.
.
-
1236 3
3600 rpm .
1-89 .
5000 rpm 4000 rpm ,
3 . .
1-89
6.8 (Effects of Misalignment)
.
. 1-90
.
, .
1-90
-
1 1237
. Self-aligning
. 1-91
. (a) , (b)
. Spherical Seat Equalizer Self-aligning Setting
.
. ,
, .
Runout .
. Self-aligning
Runout .
1-91
7.
(The Location of Temperature Sensor & Measurement)
. ,
, ,
.
, .
.
, Drain
.
-
1238 3
Active .
, .
.
,
.
.
, ( ,
, ) .
.
7.1 (The Kind of Temperature Sensor)
(, ) ,
Thermocouple (Resistance Temperture Detector:RTD)
.
7.2 (Thermocouple and RTD)
RTD
.
. RTD
.
RTD . RTD
3.2 (0.125 in)
.
1-92 . RTD
. 10 (0.4 in)
.
7.3 (The Style of Sensor Cable)
, , ( 1-93)
.
. Sheath()
, (Rigid) .
-
1 1239
( , )
.
.
1-92 1-93
,
.
.
7.4 (Location of Sensor)
Shell ()
( 1-94
) .
.
, .
()
-
1240 3
. .
1-95 A .
(Load Line Position)
.
1-94 1-95
2540,
. ,
,
, , 1-95 B
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
.
.
-
1 1241
() ,
. (Trailing Edge)
.
.
. /
1-96 75/75 , 75/75
.
, ( 1-96
50/75) . .
()
( Lobe
Lobe ( )
(
)
(Plain)(Flat) ( )
50/75
75/75
1-96
-
1242 3
.
.
.
,
.
, 180
.
Active
.
1-97 .
1-97
7.5 (Install Method)
Sensor Tip (, )
, .
,
,
. 1-98
.
-
1 1243
.
(Rigid) (Semi-rigid) ,
.
.
.
.
Flexible ( 1-98) ,
.
.
- .
- .
.
2 ,
. 1-98 .
1-98
7.6 (Fixing Sensor to Bearing)
, ( ),
( ) . (White Metal)
(Puddling)
.
.
-
1244 3
.
(Bearing Back Metal)
(Push-in Fit)
. 1-99 .
,
.
.
75 .
. 1-99 .
Active
.
1-99
1-99 (b)
. (
) Internal Push-in .
7.7 / (Setting Value of Alarm/Trip)
-
1 1245
. , 10(18)
15(27) . Proto-type
.
.
.