giao trinh huong dan su dung autocad 2007

8/12/2019 Giao Trinh Huong Dan Su Dung Autocad 2007

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Gio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007 KS Nguyn Hi Hng1

Trng i Hc Quc gia H Ni - Hc vin vnskillsGio trnh Autocad 2D - 2007.

Ngi son tho: KS Nguyn Hi Hng.

CHNG IPHN I

GII THIU AUTOCAD 2007(Computer-Aided Design [computer aide design] hoc Computer-Aided Drafting[computer aide]v thit kvi strgip ca my tnh)

CC THAO TC CN THIT

I.1. Khi ng AutoCAD 2007khi ng AutoCAD 2007, ta c ththc hin theo cc cch sau:

Double click vo biu tng trn mn hnh nn. Click theo ng dn Start\programs\Auto Desk\AutoCAD 2007 \AutoCAD 2007.

Hnh 1.1. Mn hnh AutoCad khi mi khi ng

Ch : Nu hp thoi Create New Drawing khng xut hin ta thc hin nhsau: Trn thanh Menu chn Tools\Options\System. Chn Show Startupdialog /Apply/ok. Hay nhp vo dng lnh (gi trbin l 1).

Command: Filedia

Enter new value for FILEDIA :Thng thng chn Metric/ Ok


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Hnh 1.2. Mn hnh ha AutoCAD 2007

Hnh 1.3. Graphics Area - Vng thc hin bn vMenu Bar : Thanh cha cc lnh File, Edit, View, Status Line : Dng trng thi (hin thcc trng thi nh: Grip,Snap).Command Line : Dng lnh (nhp cc mnh lnh vvo dng ny).

UCSicon : Biu tng hta .Toolbar : Thanh cng c (cha nhiu biu tng, mi biu tng lnh trong toolbar).Cross-hair : Giao m ca hai si tc theo phng X v Y.Cursor : Con chyScreen Menu : Danh mc (theo mc nh danh mc ny khng m). tthay mthc hin nhsau: Trn menu Bar chn Tool/ Options/ Display/ chn Display screen menu.Ch :

Menubar

Toolbar

Cross

UCSicon

Command

Status

Graphics

Cross


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Chin hoa: Tn menuCh u in hoa sau c du hai chm: Tn lnhCh u in hoa sau khng c du hai chm: Tn la chn

(t dng n Screen Menu v khng thun tin).

Hnh 1.4. Graphics Area - Vng thc hin bn vI.2. Lu tr

I.2.1. Lu bn vvi tn miKhi mmt bn vmi v, ta nn t tn ngay, bng cch:* Trn thanh Menu : Chn File\Save as* Tbn phm : Nhn thp phm Crtl-Shift-S


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* Tdng Command : G vo saveas (hoc saveas) sau chn ng dn,thmc cn lu, t tn v chn save trong hp thoi.

Hnh 1.5. Hp thoi Save Drawing AsI.2.2. Lu bn v c tn sn* Trn thanh Standard Toolbar : Click vo biu tngLine specify first point < chn m P1t ktrong gii hn v>Specify next point or [Undo]: Specify next point or [Close/Undo]

u g C: ng kn ng gp khcU hay Undo: Hy bmt lnh vva thc hin.

Th d:Dng lnh Line vhnh chnht c kch thc 150x100.

Command: LINE

Specify first point: Chn P1 bt k

Specify next point or [Undo]: @150,0


Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-150,0

Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: c

kt thc lnh Line nhn Enter. Hnh 3.5. Ta cc tng i

Ch :- Khi ta nhp m bng ta , phi Enter xc nhn vi AutoCAD.- Khi ta nhp m bng click mouse trn mn hnh, th khng sdng Enter saui ln click.- Ti vtr nhp: Nu ta nhp vo k tC (Close) cc n thng skhp kn lio thnh a gic, m u ni vi m cui v ng thi kt thc lnh Line.

15 0

100

P1 Chon bat k y P2(@150,0)

P3(@0,100)P4(@-150,0)


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P1

P2

P3

P4

II.2. Vna n thngCng dng: dng vcc i tng l na n thng Thc hin lnh Ray

nhsau:-Nhp vo tdng Command: Ray(hay L)- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Ray- Trn Menu mn hnh: Line

C php lnhCommand: Ray Specify strat point: Specify through point: Specify through point: Specify through point: kt thc lnh Line nhn Enter.Th d:nan qut nhhnh

Hnh 3.6. Hnh nan qutII.3. V ng thngCng dng: Dng vcc i tng l ng thngThc hin lnh XLine nhsau:-Nhp vo tdng Command: XLine (hay XL)- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\XLine- Trn Menu mn hnh: Construction LineC php lnh

Command: XL < Enter >Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:

Ty theo phng ca ng thng m bn g vo chHOA u vo dng nhc< Enter >Cc chn la:- Hor : To ng nm ngang.- Ver : To ng thng ng.- Ang : To ng c gc hp vi ng chun (nu g A hin dng nhctip theo).Enter angle of xline ( 0 ) or [ Reference ]:

u < Enter >: Gc bng 0 trvla chn nhHorNhp gc bn c ng nhgingG Reference xut hin tip dng nhc:Select a line (ng vc dng copy li ng vachn).- Bisect: V ng phn gic ca mt gc c xc nh bi 3 m (xut hindng nhc).Specify angle vertex point: ;Specify angle start point: ;


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Specify angle end point: ;Specify angle end point: .- Offset: To ng song song vi ng c

II.4. V ng trn (Circle)Cng dng: Dng vcc i tng l ng trn

Thc hin lnh Circle nhsau:-Nhp vo tdng Command : Circle (hay C)- Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Circle- Trn Menu mn hnh nt Ciecle

C php lnhCommand: Circle Specify center point for circel or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:n c cc cch v:

Hnh 3.7. Hp thoi v ng trn (Circle)

1. V ng trn tm v bn knh (center, radius)

Command: Circle (hoc C)CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Xc nh

a tm Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 50

Hnh 3.8. V ng trn Hnh 3.9. V ng trn bit tm v bn knh bit tm v ng knh

Radius

Center

R50

Diameter

Center

100


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2. V ng trn tm v ng knh (center, radius)

Command: Circle (hoc C)Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Xc nh ta tm.Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : D - Chn loi ng knh.Specify diameter of circle : Nhp 100: (xc nh ng knh).

3. ng trni qua 3im

Command: Circle (hoc C)

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 3PSpecify first point on circle: Xc nh m thnht ng trn i qua.Specify second point on circle: Xc nh m thhai ng trn i qua.Specify third point on circle: Xc nh m thba ng trn i qua.

Hnh 3.10 Hnh 3.11

4.ng trni qua 2im (2P).


Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2P

Specify first end point of circle's diameter: Xc nh m th1 trn ng knh

Specify second end point of circle's diameter: Xc nh m th2 trn ngknh.

5. V ng trn tip xc vi hai i tng v bn knh R (tan tan Radius)


Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Ttr.Specify point on object for first tangent of circle: Chn i tng thnht.Specify point on object for second tangent of circle: Chn i tng thhai.Specify radius of circle \ : Xc nh bn knh

Hnh 3.12 Hnh 3.13

Ch :


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Hnh 3.15. points Hnh 3.16. Start, Center, End

3. Vcung trn vi m u, tm v gc tm (Start, Center, Angle)Trong Arc gc c nh ngha l gc c nh l tm ca cung chn bi

m u v m cui cng, nu gc c gi tr dng AutoCAD s v theochiu ngc kim ng hv ngc li.

Command: Arc (hoc A)

Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp to m u ca Arc

Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C Chn Center

Specify center point of arc: @-100, 0 Nhp to tm ca Arc

Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: A Chn Angle

Specify included angle: 72 Nhp s o gc chn cung

4. V cung trn vi m u, tm v chiu di dy cung (Start, Center,chord Length)

Dy cung (Length) l n thng ni vi m u v m cui cacung, AutoCAD svtheo chiu ngc kim ng h, nu chiu di dy cungldng(t m u ti m cui) v ngc li, trng hp ny cho cung cchiu di ngn nht.


Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp to m u cung S

Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: C Chn CenterSpecify center point of arc: Nhp to tm cung CSpecify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: L Chn di dy cungSpecify length of chord: Nhp di dy cung

Hnh 3.17. Start, Center, Angle Hnh 3.18. Start, Center, Length

5. Vcung trn vi m u, m cui v bn knh (Start, End,)


Specify start point of arc or [Center]: Nhp to m u S


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Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: E Chn EndSpecify end point of arc: Nhp to m cui ESpecify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: RChn Radius Specify radius of arc: Nhp di bn knh Cung trn c vngc chiu kim ng h.

6. Vcung trn vi m u, m cui v gc tm (Start, End, Angle)



Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: E Chn EndSpecify end point of arc: Nhp to m cui ESpecify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: AChn Angle Specify included angle: Nhp gi trgc tm

Hnh 3.19 Hnh 3.20 Hnh 3.21

7. Vcung trn vi m u, m cui v hng tip tuyn ca cung tim bt u (Start, End, Direction)



Specify second point of arc or [Center/End]: E Chn End

Specify end point of arc: Nhp to m cui ESpecify center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]: D Chn Direction

Specify tangent direction for the start point of arc: Chn hng tip xc vi mu.

8. Vcung trn vi tm, m u, m cui (Center, Start, End)

9. Vcung trn vi tm, m u v gc tm (Center, Start, Angle)

10. V cung trn vi tm, m u v chiu di dy cung (Center, Start,Length)

* Vcung trn ni tip vi n thng hay cung trn trc Gis trc khi ta thc hin lnh Arc ta v n thng hay cung trn, ta

mun vmt cung trn ni tip n


Specify start point of arc or [Center]:


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Specify end point of arc: Nhp to m cui

Hnh 3.22 Hnh 3.23

Cung trn va vtip xc vi n thng hoc cung trn trc .V d1: Thc hin bn vdi y

Command: LINE

Specify first point: Chn P1 bt k


Specify next point or [Undo]:

Command: AHnh 3.24

ARC Specify start point of arc or[Center]: @ Specify second point of arc

or [Center/End]: C Specify center point

of arc: @30,0

Specify end point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]: A

Specify included angle: -90

Command: LINE

Specify first point: @0,30


Specify next point or [Undo]: @-110,0Specify next point or [Close/Undo]:

@0,-70 Specify next point or

[Close/Undo]:

V d2:dng lnh Line v Arc vhnh sau:

Hnh 3.25

II.6. V a tuyn (Polyline)Cng dng: Dng v nhng hnh tp hp cc ng, n thng, cung, gpkhc,


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v a tuyn ta c ththc hin mt trong cc cch sau:+ Trn thanh Draw : Click vo biu tng ca Polyline

+ Trn dng Command : Pline hay Pl

+ Trn Menu chnh : Draw/ Polyline

nh Pline thc hin nhiu chc nng hn lnh Line. Lnh Pline c 3 c

m ni bt- Lnh Pline to cc i tng c chiu rng (Width), cn lnh Line th khng(Hnh 7.1)

- Cc phn n Pline lin kt thnh mt i tng duy nht. Cn lnh Linecc phn n l cc i tng n (Hnh 7.2).- Lnh Pline to nn cc phn n l cc n thng hoc cc cung trn (Arc)(Hnh 7.3)

Hnh 3.26 Hnh 3.27 Hnh 3.28

nh Pline c th va v cc phn n l n thng v cung trn.y l lnh kt hp gia lnh Line v Arc.1. Ch v n thng Command: Pline (hoc Pl)

Specify start point: Nhp to lm m bt u ca PlineCurrent line-width is 0.0000Chiu rng hin hnh ca Pline l 0

Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: (Nhp to m tip, truy bt m hay p cc chci in hoa sdng cc la chn)Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]:Cc la chn-Close: ng Pline bi mt n thng.-Halfwidth: nh na chiu rng phn n sp v.+ Specify starting half-width : Nhp gi trna chiu rng phn n.+ Specify ending half-width : Nhp gi trna chiu rng cui phnn.-

Width: nh chiu rng phn n sp v, tng tHalfwidth.-

Length: V tip mt phn n c phng chiu nh n thng trc .u phn n trc l cung trn th n tip xc vi cung trn, khi cdng nhc ph.Specify length of line: Nhp chiu di phn n sp v.-Undo: Hubphn n va v.2. Ch vcung trn

Command: Pline (hoc Pl)


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Specify start point: Chn m hay nhp to m bt u ca Pline.Current line-width is 0.0000.

Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A Chn Arc.Specify endpoint of arc or

[Angle/CEnter/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/Undo/Width]:Nhp to m cui ca cung hoc nhp cc la chn:

Cc la chn* Close: Cho php ta ng a tuyn bi mt cung trn.* Halfwidth, Width, Undo: Tng tnhch v n thng.* AngleTng tArc khi ta nhp A c dng nhc.Specify included angle: Nhp gi trgc tm.Specify endpoint of arc or [CEnter/Radius]: Chn m cui, tm/ bn knh.* CEnter Tng tlnh Arc khi ta nhp CE c dng nhc.Specify center point of arc: Nhp to tm.Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle/Length]: Nhp m cui/ gc hoc chiu di

dy cung.* Direction: nh hng ca ng tip tuyn vi m u tin ca cung. Khita p D sxut hin dng nhc.Specify the tangent direction for the start point of arc: Chn hng tip xc.Specify endpoint of the arc: Nhp to m cui.* Radius: Xc nh bn knh cong ca cung, khi ta p R sxut hin dng nhcSpecify radius of arc: Nhp gi trbn knh.Specify endpoint of arc or [Angle]: Nhp to m cui hoc ln gc.* Second pt: Nhp to m thhai v m cui c thxc nh cung

trn i qua 3 m. Khi ta p S sxut hin:Specify second point on arc: Nhp to m thhai.Specify end point of arc: Nhp to m cui.* Line: Trvch v n thng.V d: Dng lnh Pline v a tuyn.Command: PLINE

Specify start point: Chn m bt k

Current line-width is 1.0000 Hnh 3.29

Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @30, 0

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @0, 20

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A Specify endpoint of arc or

[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second

pt/Undo/Width]: A

Specify included angle: -90

Specify endpoint of arc or [CEnter/Radius]: @20,-20


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Specify endpoint of arc or[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/ Undo/

Width]: L

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @30, 0

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: A

Specify endpoint of arc or[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/ Undo/Width]: @0, 50Specify endpoint of arc or

[Angle/CEnter/CLose/Direction/Halfwidth/Line/Radius/Second pt/ Undo/

Width]: L

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-50, 0

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: @-30,-25

Specify next point or [Arc/Close/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: C

II.7. V a gic u ( Polygon)Polygon l mt a gic u c th ni hay ngoi tip vi ng

trn cng tm, AutoCAD c thto mt Polygon (min: 3 cnh vmax: 1024nh), thc hin lnh Polygon chn mt trong cc cch sau:* Trn thanh Draw : click vo biu tng

* Trn dng Command : Polygon

* Trn Menu chnh : Draw/ Polygon

AutoCAD dng ng trn o lm chun vPolygon, tr ong trng

p nycc nh Polygon nm trn ng trn.AutoCAD cung cp cho chng ta 3 hnh thc xc nh Polygon: ni

tip (Inscribed in Circle), ngoi tip (Circumscribe about Circle) v xc nhnh Polygon bng 2 m (Edge).

1. Polygon ni tip vi ng trn (Inscribed in Circle)

Khi cho trc bn knh ng trn ngoi tip (khong cch t tm nnh a gic)

Command: Polygon (hoc Pol)

Enter number of sides : Nhp scnh ca a gic

Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp ta tm Polygon (tm ng trn)

Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] : Chn ISpecify radius of circle: Nhp gi trbn knh ng trn o, to m hoctruy bt m l m mt nh ca a gic

2. Polygon ngoi tip vi ng trn (Circumscribed about Circle)

Khi cho trc bn knh ng trn ni tip (khong cch ttm n m


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gia mt cnh).


Enter number of sides : Nhp scnh ca a gic.

Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp ta tm Polygon (tm ng trn)

Enter an option [Inscribed in circle/Circumscribed about circle] : Chn CSpecify radius of circle: Nhp gi trbn knh ng trn o hoc to mhoc truy bt m l m gia mt cnh ca a gic.

3. nh polygon vi cnh c xc nh bi hai m

Khi cn vmt polygon c nh trng vi 1 hay 2 m no , ta dngty chn Edge (cnh).


Enter number of sides : Nhp scnh ca a gic

Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Chn E

Specify first endpoint of edge: Nhp to m thnht ca cnhSpecify second endpoint of edge: Nhp to m thhai ca cnh

Hnh 3.30. Inscribed Hnh 3.31. Circumscribed 3.32. Edge (Cnh)

(Ni tip) (Ngoi tip)

II.8. RECTANGLE (VHNH CHNHT)

nh Rectang dng vhnh chnht, hnh chnht l mt a tuyn.

thc hin vhnh chnht Rectang ta chn mt trong cc cch sau:* Trn thanh Draw : Click vo biu tng

* Trn dng Command : Rectang hoc Rec

* Trn Menu chnh : Draw/ Rectang

Command Rectang (hoc Rec)

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Nhpto gc thnht.

Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Nhp to gc i din.

Cc la chnChamfer (C): Cho php vt mp 4 nh ca hnh ch nht. u tin

nh khong cch vt mp sau vhnh chnht.Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Chn


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C Specify first chamfer distance for rectangles : Nhp khong cch vt mpthnht Specify second chamfer distance for rectangles: Nhp khong cchvt mp thhai.

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: nhgc thnht (Nhp to hoc chn m bt k).

Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: nh gc i din (hoc nhp to ).

Fi llet (F): Cho php bo trn cc nh ca hnh chnht.

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Chn F

Specify fillet radius for rectangles : Nhp bn knh bo trn

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Xcnh gc thnht.

Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Xc nh ta gc i din.

Width(W): nh chiu rng nt v

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: W

Specify line width for rectangles : Nhp rng nt v

Specify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:

Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]: Elevation/Thickness: nh cao vdy hnh chnht khi to mt chnht 2 chiu. Gii thiu trong phn 3D

Hnh 3.33 Hnh 3.34 Hnh 3.35 Hnh 3.36

II.9. ELIP (VHNH ELIP)nh Ellipse dng v ng Elip, truy xut lnh bng cch:

* Trn thanh cng cDraw : Click vo biu tng* nh trc tip vo dng Command : Ellipse hay El* Trn Menu chn : Chn Draw\EllipseTy thuc vo bin PELLIPSE, ng Elip c thl:* PELLIPSE = 1 : ng Elip l 1 a tuyn, a tuyn ny l tp hp cc cungtrn, ta c thsdng lnh Pedit hiu chnh* PELLIPSE = 0 : ng Elip l ng Spline, y l 1 ng congNURBS (xem lnh Spline) v ta khng thExplode n c.u bin PELLIPSE = 0, ta c 3 phng php to Elip:

- Nhp ta mt trc v khong cch na trc thhai

- Nhp tm, m cui mt trc v khong cch na trc thhai

- To mt cung Elip

1. Tomt trc vkhong cch na trc cn li


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Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Khong cch na trc thhai.

Specify start angle or [Parameter]: Chn m hay nhp gc- y l gc giatrc ta va nh vi ng thng ttm n m u cung.

Specify end angle or [Parameter/Included angle]: Chn m hay nhp gc-y l gc gia trc ta va nh vi ng thng ttm n m cui cung

a chn Parameter la chn m u v m cui ca cung Elip bngbiu thc vector tham s: p(u)=c +a*cos(u) +b*sin(u) vi c l to tm, a, b lkhong cch trc ln v nhca elip.

Chn hai m bt k Nhp gi trgc

Hnh 3.41 Hnh 3.42

u p P c cc dng nhc ph

Specify start parameter or [Angle]: Xc nh m u ca cung

Specify end parameter or [Angle/Included angle]: Xc nh m cui cung.

II.10. Lnh FILL (t nn) (cn ch )Thc hin lnh fill nhsau:

- Trn dng Command: fillC php lnh

Command: fill- Enter mode [ON/OFF] : on- Chn ON t nn chn OFF khng t.

II.11. Lnh DONUT(vhnh vnh khn)Thc hin lnh Donut nhsau:Nhp vo tdng Command : donut (hay do) Trn Menu chnh: Draw\ donutC php lnhCommand: DO

DONUTSpecify inside diameter of donut : < cho ng knh thnht > < D1 >Specify outside diameter of donut : < cho ng knh thhai> < D2 >Specify center of donut or : Specify center of donut or : kt thc lnh

Hnh 3.43


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thi truy bt AutoCAD s t ng tnh to m truy bt v gn cho mn tm.

Ta c thsdng phng thc truy bt m thng tr hoc tm tr. Phnny gii thiu truy bt m tm tr.

Cc m ca i tng c th c truy bt trong CAD l:

Line, Spline : Cc m cui (ENDpoint), m gia (MIDpoint)Arc : Cc m cui (ENDpoint), m gia (MIDpoint), tm(CENter), m gc (QUAdrant).

Circle, Ellipse :Tm (CENter), m gc (QUAdrant)

Point : m tm (NODe)

Pline : m cui (ENDpoint), m gia (MIDpoint) mi phn n.

Text : m chn (INSert)

Ngoi ra ta cn truy bt m tip xc (TANgent), m vung gc(PERpendicular), FROM, APPintersection,

lm xut hin bng truy bt m ta c cc cch sau:

Hnh 4.2. Hp thoi OSNAP

- Nhn Shift + Chut phi sxut hin hp thoi Cursor (Hnh 4.2)Ta chsdng cc phng thc truy bt m tm tr khi cn xc nh to

mt m ca lnh Line hoc Circle Specify first point: Ti cc dngnhc ny ta chcn nhp 3 ch u tin ca phng thc truy bt m hoci tdanh mc. Khi ang trng thi truy bt m th vung ti giao m 2i tc l vung truy bt (Aperture)

Cc phng thc truy bt i tng

1. CENter :Dng truy bt m tm ca circle, arc, ellipse. Khi truy bt ta


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n chn i tng cn truy bt tm

Hnh 4.3. Cc phng thc truy bt m2. ENDpoint: Dng truy bt imt cui ca Line, Spline, Arc, phn na Pline. Chn ti m gn m cui truy bt. V Line v Arc c 2 mcui, do CAD struy bt m cui no gn giao m 2 si tc.

Hnh 4.4. Cc phng thc truy bt m3. INSert: Dng truy bt m chn ca dng Text v Block. Chn mt mt k ca dng Text hoc Block v nhp phm chn.

4. INTersection: Dng truy bt giao m ca hai i tng. Mun truyt th giao m phi nm trong vung truy bt hoc chai i tng uchm vung truy bt.

Hnh 4.5. Cc phng thc truy bt mTa c thtruy bt giao m ca hai i tng khi ko di mi giao nhau,

khi chn ln lt hai i tng.

5. MIDpoint: Truy bt m thuc i tng gn giao m vi hai si tcnht. Cho vung truy bt chm n i tng gn m cn truy bt v nhn

phm chn.

Truy bt Midpoint Truy bt Midpoint Truy bt NODeHnh 4.6. Cc phng thc truy bt m


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6. NODe:Dng truy bt tm ca mt m. Cho vung truy bt chm vim v nhp phm chn7. NEArest:Truy bt mt m thuc i tng gn giao m vi hai si tcnht. Cho vung truy bt n chm i tng gn m cn truy bt v nhnphm chn

Hnh 4.7.Truy bt NEArest Hnh 4.8. Truy bt PERpendicular8. PERpendicular :Truy bt m vung gc vi i tng c chn. Cho vung truy bt n chm vi i tng v nhp phm chn.

9. QUAdrant:Truy bt cc m ca Circle, Ellipse hoc Arc. Cho vungn gn m cn truy bt, chm vi tng v nhp phm truy bt

Hnh 4.9. Cc phng thc truy bt m10. TANgent: Truy bt m tip xc vi Line, Arc, Ellipse, Spline hocCircle. Cho vung truy bt chm vi i tng cn tm v nhp phm chn.

Hnh 4.10. Cc phng thc truy bt m11. FROm:Phng thc From cho php tm mt m bng cch nhp to ng i hoc to cc tng i so vi gc to l mt m chun mta c th truy bt m. Phng thc ny thc hin thnh hai bc:

- Bc 1: L xc nh gc to tng i (m cui cng nht xc nh trnmn hnh) ti dng nhc Base point: Nhp to hoc sdng cc phngthc truy bt m kra trn.

- Bc 2: L nhp to tng i, to cc tng i ca m cntm ti dng nhc

:So vi gc to tng i va xc nh ti Bc 1.

V d: V n thng P5P6 v ng trn C1 dng phng thc truy bt From:(VHCN: 180,100)


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Command: LINE

Specify first point: from Base point: end of (Truy bt P2)

: @-100, 0

Specify next point or [Undo]: fromBase point: end of (Truy bt P3)

: @-50, 0


Command: C

CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: from

Base point: end of (Truy bt P1)

: @60, 50

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: tan

to (Chn n thng P5P6)

12. Extention: Dng ko di cung hoc n thng. Kt hp viIntersection hoc Apparent Intersection ko di n cc giao m

Cc v dsdng phng thc truy bt m(VHCN: 150,100)

V d1: n thng P1P3 v ng trn c tm l m gia P1P3, R=25

- V n thng P1P3

Command: LINE

Specify first point: end of (Truy bt P1)

Specify next point or [Undo]: end of (Truy bt

P3) Specify next point or [Undo]:

Command: CIRCLE

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Mid of

(Truy bt M) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 25V d2: n thng P4P5 vung gc vi P1P3 (VHCN: 180,100)

Command: LINE

Specify first point: int of (Truy bt P4)

Specify next point or [Undo]: Per to (Cho vung truy bt chm vi P1P3 truy bt m vunggc P5)

P1 P2

P3P4

R25MID

M

END

END

P1 P2

P3P4

R25

PER

IN T

P5

M

50

60

50

P2

P5

P6P3

P4

0

P1

10

0

18 0

Hnh 4.11

Hnh 4.12

Hnh 4.13


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V d3: Thc hin bn vsau- Vcc ng trn C1, C2, C3, C4

Command: CIRCLE (C1)Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr

(tan tan radius)]: Chn m bt kSpecify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 15

Command: CIRCLE (C2)Specify center point for circle or

[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: Cen of (Truy bt tm)

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 30

Command: CIRCLE (C3)

Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: @120, 0

Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 30

Command: CIRCLE (C4)Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: cen of (Truy bt

tm) Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] : 50

- Vcc ng thng P1P2

Command: LINE

Specify first point: tan to (Chn ng trn C2)

Specify next point or [Undo]: tan to (Chn ng trn C4)


-cc ng thng P3P4: Tng t.

-cc ng thng P5P6

Command: LINE

Specify first point: Qua of (Chn ng trn C2 gn P5)

Specify next point or [Undo]: Qua of (Chn ng trn

C4 gn P6) Specify next point or [Undo]: Ch truy bt thng tr (Lnh Osnap, Ddosnap)

Khi cn truy bt v tr m ca cc i tng mt cch thng xuyn,ta nn sdng truy bt m thng trc, v khi ng lnh ch mt ln. Tachn cc cch khi ng sau:* Trn dng Command : Ddosnap, Osnap

* Trn Menu chnh : Tools/ Draft Settings.../ Osnap

* Trn thanh trng thi : Nu cha gn ch truy bt m thng trc)thc th nhp chut phi vo OSNAP chn Settings...

Khi xut hin hp thoi

C1

R1 5

R3 0

R3 0

R5 0

C2

P3P4

P5

P1

P2

C3 C4

P601 02

120

QUA QUA

TAN

TAN

TANTAN LINE

LINE

LINE

Hnh 4.14


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Object Snap modes: Dng nch truy bt thng trc.

Khi c nhiu phng thctruy bt thng tr th AutoCAD truy bt m no gn tm ca vung truy bt nht.

Ch : Chn ClearAll thot ch truy bt thng trc.

a chn Options

- AutoSnap Settings

Marker: Mhoc tt khung hnh k hiu m truy bt (Marker). Nu sdngphng thc truy bt m th Marker sxut hin khi ta cho vung truy bt ingang qua m truy bt.Magnet: Mhoc tt ch Magnet. Magnet ko v gi vung truy bt vim cn truy bt

Display AutoSnap toolip: Tt hoc mkhung hnh k hiu m t tn ca v trtruy bt

Display Aperture Box: Mhoc tt vung truy bt (Aperture)

AutoSnap Marker size: u chnh kch thc khung hnh k hiu m truy bt

Aperture size: u chnh kch thc vung truy bt. Khi s dng ccphng thc truy bt thng tr kch thc ln nht l 20 pixels. Nu sdngnh Aperture th kch thc ny c thtng ln 50 pixels. Thng thng l 4-8pixelsAutoSnap Marker color: u chnh mu ca mn hnh.- Bin AutoSnap nh ch AutoSnap ta c thsdng bin AutoSnap

Hnh 4.15

Hnh 4.16. Hp thoi Options


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Command: Autosnap Enter new value for AUTOSNAP : Nhp gi trca binCc gi trca bin bao gm:0: Tt cc la chn Marker, Display AutoSnap toolip, Magnet1: M/ tt Marker2: M/ tt Display AutoSnap toolip

3: M/ tt ng thi Marker v Display AutoSnap toolip4: M/ tt Magnet5: M/ tt Magnet v Marker6: M/ tt Display AutoSnap toolip v Magnet7: M/ tt Marker, Display AutoSnap toolip, Magnet- Lnh Aperture: hiu chnh ln ca vung truy bt.

III. GII THIU MT SLNH IU KHIN MN HNHgip ta thc hin cc bi tp trong chng ny ddng, chng ta kho

st mt cch khi qut hai lnh cbn u khin mn hnh: Zoom v Pan

1. ZoomZoom l lnh phng to hay thu nh cc i tng, n l loi lnh

Transparent c thkhi ng bt clc no ta mun bng cc cch sau:Ch : thot khi lnh Zoom bn g phm Esc* Trn thanh Standard: click vo biu tng Zoom* Trn dng Command: Zoom hay Z (Nu ta ang dng lnh no caAutoCAD th ta dng Transparent Zoom hay Z)* Trn Menu chnh: View\ Zoom\Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD yu cu:

Command: ZoomAll/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/Vmax/Window/:Ta nhp chci u tin la chn loi ZoomTrong :

Zoom in: Bn nhn phm tri chut vo biu tng ny vt th c phngto ln hai ln,

Zoom out: Bn nhn phm tri chut vo biu tng ny vt th c thu

nhphn na.All: Thu ton bcc i tng v(kccc i tng nm ngoi phmvi min v) v to li mn hnh.Center: Phng to mn hnh vi mt tm m vi chiu cao ca s.* Center point: chn tm khung ca s* Magnification or height : Nhp gi trchiu cao khung ca shoc chn 2m xc nh chiu cao. Nu sau gi trta nhp X, v d2X th hnh nh sphng to ln 2 ln.


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Dynamic: Hin ln mn hnh hnh nh trong khung ca sm ta c ththay i vtr v kch thc. u tin, khi thc hin la chn ny sxut hinkhung nhn chnht c du X gia (cho php ta di chuyn v tr ca khunga s). Mun chuyn sang ch thay i ln khung ca s(hoc ngci) ta nhn phm tri chut, khi sxut hin hnh mi tn ngay cnh phi ca

khung. Tip tc di chuyn vtr v thay i kch thc khung ca s n khi nomun phng hnh nh trong khung ca sny ln ton bmn hnh ta chcnnhn phm Enter.

Extents: Phng to hoc thu nh cc i tng bn v n kh nng lnnht c th, ton b i tng vshin ln trn mn hnh.

Previous: Phc hi li hnh nh ca lnh Zoom trc . Chc nng ny cthnhv phc hi n 10 ln.

Window: Phng to ln mn hnh phn hnh nh xc nh bi khung ca s

hnh chnht bng cch xc nh hai m (tng tnhcch vhnh chnht)Scale (x/xp): Nhp tl hin ln hnh nh mong mun.Gi trln hn 1: Phng to, gi trnhhn 1: Thu nh.* Khng c phn theo sau gi tr: C ngha l phng to hay thu nhso vi giin bn v* Theo sau gi trl chX (v d2x): C ngha l phng to hay thu nhso vihnh nh hin hnh.* Theo sau gi trl XP: C ngha l phng to hay thu nhso vi gii hn bntrong khng gian giy (khi ta ang trong khng gian giy)

Object: Chn hnh cn phng to n mc cn nhn thy c. i vichut c nt gia bn y nt gia vpha trn phng to v ngc li.2. Pan

nh Pan, di chuyn mn hnh, gip chng ta xem nhng chi tit ca ing nm ngoi phm vi thhin ca mn hnh hin hnh, v n l loi lnhTransparent. kch ng lnh ta chn 1 trong cc cch sau:* Trn dng Command: Pan hay P (Nu ta ang dng lnh no ca AutoCADth ta dng Transparent Pan hay P)* Trn Menu chnh: View\ Pan\

Command: Pan

AutoCAD s a ra biu tng ca Pan (bn tay), ta dng chut ukhinbn tay ny n chi tit ta cn xem hay xl. i vi chut c nt gian n nt gia thy xut hin bn tay bn di chuyn bnh thng.


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CHNG V

P V DNG NG NTn vAutoCAD nhl s t chng ln nhau ca nhng tm giy trong

sut cng kch c, mi tm thhin mt hay nhiu chi tit ca cng mt vt th,i tm trong sut ny AutoCAD gi l lp. i vi AutoCAD, mt bn vcthc mt lp hay nhiu lp, cc i tng trong cc lp c thchuyn i tp ny qua lp khc. Vic tch ri bn vthnh nhiu lp c nhng li ch sau:- Mi ngi c thvchi tit ca bn vtrn nhng lp khc nhau.- Xut bn vvi nhng chi tit ring, chng hn mt cng trnh no ta c thin bn vchc phn btr hthng cp thot nc ca cng trnh nhng khngin nhng phn khc.- Mi lp c ththhin mu khc nhau, cng nh ng nt khc nhau.-AutoCAD khng gii hn slp trn mt bn v(ti a 32767 lp).

I. LP LAYERSxy dng lp bao gm t tn lp, mu, loi ng nt v cc tnh

cht ca lp ta c thchn mt trong nhng cch sau:* Trn dng Command: Ddlmodes hay Layer hay La* Trn Menu chnh: Format\ Layers...Sau khi kch ng lnh AutoCAD mhp thoi Layer Properties Manger.

Hnh 5.1. Layer Properties Manger (2007)


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1. To lp mihp thoi Layer Properties Manger ta thc hin nhsau:

Nhp nt New trong hp thoi hnh s xut hin son tho Layer 1 ti ctName di lp 0.Nhp tn lp mi vo son tho. Tn lp ti a khng qu 31 k t.K tc thl s, ch... Nhng khng c c khong trng.u cn to nhiu lp cng mt lc ta nhp cc tn lp cch nhau bi du phy(,). AutoCAD t ng sp xp theo thtA, B, C, D,...

2. Gn lp hin hnhp hin hnh l lp khi ta to vt thn snm trn lp ny, Default ca

AutoCAD llp 0. a lp c sn l lp hin hnh ta chcn chn tn lp sau click vo lpta chn.

Hnh 5.3. Hp thoi Layer)I.3. Thay i mu ca lp(Layer Color)

thay i mu cho mt lp no , trc tin ta schn lp , sau ta nhp vo mu ca lp sxut hin hp thoi Select Colors nhhnh trn.Theo hp hi thoi ny, ta c thgn mu no cho lp m ta ng . C tng

Set Current

Delete Layer

New Layer


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ng 256 mu, nhng ta nn chn cc mu tiu chun c s th t t1 n 7(red, yellow, green, cyan, blue, magenta, white) cho dnh.


Khi mu ca lp thay i th chc cc i tng nm trong ByLayer cap ny mi thay i theo mu mi cn cc i tng nm trong ByColor vnginguyn mu ca n (mc d n vn nm trong lp ta va thay i mu).

I.4. Gn dng ng cho lp(Linetypes Layers)gn dng ng cho lp, ta nhp vo tn dng ng ca lp, khi

xut hin hp hi thoi Select Linetype nhhnh

Hnh 5.5. Select linetype

u tin trong bn vchc mt loi ng duy nht l ng lin tc(Continuous). nhp cc dng ng khc vo trong bn v ta sdng ntLoad trong hp thoi Select linetype mhp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes.

CLICK


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Hnh 5.6. Select Linetype

Ta chn nhng dng ng cn thit v ti vo bn v(giCtrl v clickchut tri vo dng ng nt cn chn) chn OK.

I.5. Kim sot sthhin ca lpI.5.1. Tt/ Mlp

Ta c thtt hay m1 lp no khi cn thit. Khi mt lp btt, cc ing trong lp ny skhng c thhin ln mn hnh v cng khng cin ra giy.tt/ mlp no ta thc hin mt trong cc cch sau:- Trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager: chn On (m) hay Off (tt).- Tthanh cng cObject Properties: click vo biu tng bng n, n chysng (lp c m), ngc li n tt (lp btt).

Hnh 5.7. Layer Properties Manager

Ch : Cc i tng trong lp btt skhng in c ra giy.

I.5.2. ng cng v Lm tan bng ca mt Layer cho tt ccc khung nhn(Freeze/ Thaw)


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ng bng (Freeze) v lm tan bng (Thaw) lp trn tt ckhung nhn(viewports), ta a chut vo vtr c dng hnh trn sng (trng thi Freeze) Cmu xm trng thi (Thaw) Cc i tng ca lp ng bng khng thhintrn mn hnh v ta khng thhiu chnh c cc i tng ny.

Hnh 5.8.

Ch : Lp hin hnh khng th ng bng

I.5.3. ng cng v Lm tan bng lp trn khung nhn hin hnh(Current

Vport) ng (Freeze) v lm tan bng (Thaw) lp trn khung nhn hin hnhta nhp chut tri vo biu tng trng thi Freeze/Thaw (vtr thhai)Ch : Cc i tng trong lp b ng bng skhng in c ra giy

I.5.4. Kha v mkha cho lp(Lock/ Unlock) kha v m kha cho lp, ta nhp vo biu tng trng thi

Lock/Unlock. i tng ca Layer bkha skhng hiu chnh c; tuy nhinta vn thy trn mn hnh v c thin chng ra giy.

Hnh 5.9.

I.5.5. Thhin tn lp trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager

Khi lm vic vi bn vc slng ln cc lp, i hi nhiu thi giantm kim cc lp trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager. AutoCAD cungp cho ta mt hp thoi gi l hp thoi Layer Filters Properties gip ta lcdanh sch cc lp cn thhin ln trn hp thoi Layer Properties Manager (kvic thhin trn mn hnh lm vic).

ng bng

Khng ng

kho


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m c hp thoi ny, ta chn biu tng New Property Filter trongp thoi Layer Properties Manager.

Hnh 5.11. Layer filter chinh1 (ch1,ch2,ch3)

Hnh 5.12. Layer filter chinh2 (ch4,ch5,ch6).

Thhin lc cc lp nhhnh, nhm mc ch qun l cc lp thun tinn: Nh n, ng bng, trn mn hnh lm vic.


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II. DNG NG NT (LINETYPE)Khi chn Linetype trn hp thoi Layer Properties Manager sxut hin

trang Linetype nhhnh di y.

Hnh 5.13. Linetype

nhp cc dng ng vo trong bn v, ta chn nt Load... Khi

xut hin hp thoi Load or Reload Linetypes.

Hnh 5.14. Linetype

Trn hp thoi ny, ta chn cc dng ng cn thit (hoc ta chn ccng file *.lin ti nt chn File... c sn ca AutoCAD) vnhn phm OK

Hnh 5.15. Linetype


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II.1. Gn chiu rng nt inChn LineWeight trong hp thoi Layer Properties Manager


II.2. Thanh cng cPropertiesTrong AutoCad thanh cng cny c mc nh trn vng ha.

Hnh 5.17. Thanh cng cProperties

Trn thanh cng cny bn chn dng ng nt, mu ng nt, bdy

nt in.

Hnh 5.18. Thanh cng cProperties


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II.3. Thanh cng cLayer

Hnh 5.19. Thanh cng cLayer.

Nt Make Objects Layer Current Dng chn nhanh mt lp no bnmun gn lm lp hin hnh (chn mu thun tin nht)

Ex: Trong lp hin hnh l ch1 (mu vng). Sau khi click vo biu tngMake Objects Layer Current V chn mu xanh l (mu thhin lp ch6).

Hnh 5.20.

- Layer PreviousKhi click vo biu tung ny thhin tn tcc lp hin hnh.

Hnh 5.21


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CHNG VI

THUT HIU CHNH CBNhiu chnh mt i tng trong bn vAutoCAD vic u tin l bn

chn i tng cn hiu chnh. AutoCAD tr gip cho bn 1 b ch nh ing (Object Selection Settings) vi 6 phng php khc nhau c AutoCADkim sot. Trc khi i vo hiu chnh i tng ca bn v, chng ta i su vo

chi tit ca bch nh i tng ca AutoCAD.

I. CHNH I TNGI.1. Hp thoi Options th Selection

Hnh 6.1. Hp thoi Options

AutoCAD cung cp cho chng ta nhng hnh thc ch nh i tng nhi y:- Noun/ Verb Selection: ch nh i tng trc, pht lnh sau.- Use Shift to Add: khi chn i tng mi, i tng c chn sbtr i.u mun chn thm i tng mi (ng thi vn gi i tng c) phi nhnthm phm Shift.- Press and Drag: c th chn i tng bng phng php Windows hayCrossing bng cch nhn chut v ko to khung ca s.- Implied Windowing: chn i tng bng phng php Crossing hayWindows bng cch nh m u tin khung ca sbn phi hay tri.

- Object Grouping: cho php nhm i tng thnh Group.- Assosiative Hatch: mt ct lin kt vi ng bao (boundary) to thnh mti tng, tng tnt Hatch ca hp thoi Drawing Aids.

t c nhng hnh thc ch nh trn thng qua hp hoi thoi Object.Selection Settings nhhnh trn.

mhp thoi Object Selection Settings ta thc hin mt trong nhngcch sau:

+ Trn dng Command: Ddselect+ Trn Menu chnh: Tools\Options/chn thSelection..


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I.2. Pickbox SizeThay i kch thc ca con chy (Cursor), tng tbin PICKBOX.

II. CC KTHUT HIU CHNHt bn v hon chnh trong AutoCAD thng thng tri qua hai giai

n cbn:

- Giai n u to i tng- Giai n sau hiu chnh cc i tng.AutoCAD cung cp cho ta mt slnh hiu chnh cbn, ty trng hp

ta s dng, nh: Undo, Erase, Move, Copy, Stretch, Offset, Rotate, Mirror,Scale, Break, Trim, Extend ...II.1. Lnh Move

nh Move dng thay i vtr i tng,truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:

- Nhp vo tdng Command: Move hoc M (c thchn trc tip trn thanhModify)

Command: MoveSelect objects: Chn i tng cn diSelect objects: Tip tc chn i tng hoc n Enter kt thc la

chn, cc i tng la chn c dng ng t.Specify base point or displacement: Chn m chun hay nhp khong cchi: c thdng phm chn ca chut, cc phng php truy bt m, to tuyt i, tng i, cc tng iSpecify second point of displacement or : mm cac i tng di n: c thdng phm chn ca chut, cc phng phptruy bt m, to tuyt i, tng i, cc tng i

- m Specify base point v Specify second point of displacement c thchnt k.- Mun di i tng cn vtr chnh xc Specify base point v Specify secondpoint of displacement ta dng cc phng thc truy bt m.

II.2. Lnh Rotatenh Rotate dng quay i tng theo mt gc no . Truy xut lnh

ng cc cch sau:- Nhp vo tdng Command : Rotate hay Ro (c thchn trc tip trn thanhModify)


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Command: RectangSpecify first corner point or [Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]:Specify other corner point or [Dimensions]:Command: CSpecify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: 2PSpecify first end point of circle's diameter:

Command: CCIRCLE Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]:Specify radius of circle or [Diameter] :

Command: TrimCurrent settings: Projection=UCS, Edge=None

Select cutting edges ...Select objects: 1 foundSelect objects: 1 found, 2 totalSelect objects: 1 found, 3 totalSelect objects:Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:Select object to trim or shift-select to extend or [Project/Edge/Undo]:

II.5. Lnh Break

nh Break ging nh lnh Trim cng c dng ct mt phn ing nhng khng cn i tng lm mt phng ct. Truy xut lnh bng cccch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Break hoc Br

Command: BrSelect object: Chn i tng ct.Enter second point (or F for first point): Chn m thhai ct v AutoCADhiu vtr ta chn i tng l m thnht; hoc ta chn F nh li mt thnht, lc AutoCAD smra dng lnh:Enter first point: nh m ct thnht.

Enter second point: nh m ct thhai.

II.6. Lnh Extendnh Extend gip ta c th ko di i tng ti cc mt phng nh

trc. Lnh ny chc tc dng i vi nhng i tng h(Opened Objects)khng c tc dng i vi i tng khp kn (Closed Objects) (hnh chnht,ng trn chng hn). Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command : Extend hoc Ex


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Command: ExtendSelect boundary edges: (Projmode = UCS, Edgemode = No extend)Select objects: Chn i tng lm mt phng sko di n/Project/Edge/Undo: chn pha i tng mun kodiu chn U: skhng thc hin lnh ko di

II.7. Lnh Stretchnh Stretch dng co dn i tng theo mt phng no , truy xut

nh bng cc cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Stretch

Command: Stretch Select objects to stretch by crossing-window or crossing-polygon...Select objects: Chn cc i tng theo phng php CrossingSelect objects: n Enter kt thc vic la chnSpecify base point or displacement: Chn m chun hay khong di

ng tlnh Move.Specify second point of displacement or : m di n, nu cho khong di th n Enter.Tuthuc vo cc i tng c chn ta c cc trng hp sau:1. Cc n thng giao vi khung ca s chn c ko gin ra hoc co li,cung trn c di i.

Second point of displacement: @20,02. Cung trn c ko gin v n thng ngang bko co li

Second point of displacement: @20,0

3. n ng c di, hai n nm ngang c ko gin


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Second point of displacement: @20,0

Ch : lnh Stretch chthi hnh i vi i tng cui cng (nu ta chncng lc nhiu i tng.

II.8. Lnh Lengthennh Lengthen gip ta c thko di hay rt ngn chiu di i tng

n thng hay cung trn) m khng cn dng mt phng ko di hay mt

phng ct. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:-Nhp vo tdng Command: Lengthen hoc Len

Command: LenDElta/Percent/Total/DYnamic/:Trong :: Chn i tng cn hiu chnhCurrent length: Thhin gi trhin hnh ca i tng- DE (Delta). Thay i chiu di i tng bng cch a vo khong tng. Gitrkhong tng m th lm gim kch thc, gi trkhong cch tng dng lmng kch thc. Khi p DE sau dng nhc sxut hin dng nhc ph

Enter delta length or [Angle] : Nhp khong tng hoc p A chnkhong thay i gc tm.Sau khi nhp gi trkhong tng xut hin dng nhcSelect an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc.Dng nhc trn c xut hin lin tc, khi mun kt thc lnh ta nhp Enter.

- P(Percent): Thay i chiu di i tng theo phn trm so vi tng chiu dihin hnh. Khi >100% th chiu di i tng c tng ln, ngc li


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- T(Total): Dng thay i tng chiu di cu mt i tng hoc gc m cungtheo gi tri a voSpecify total length or [Angle] : Nhp gi trhoc A chn gc.Select an object to change or [Undo]: Chn i tng cn thay i kch thc.

- Dynamic:Thay i chiu rng ca i tng (tc l dng con trchut nhtr co hay dn chiu di i tng trn mn hnh)

III. CC LNH TRGIPIII.1. Xo i tng (Erase)

nh Erase gip ta xa nhng i tng khng cn thit hay vkhngnh, thc hin lnh bng mt trong nhng cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Erase hoc E Chn i tng cn xa click chut phi chn erase

Command: ESelect objects: chn i tng xaphc hi i tng bxa sau cng, ta c thdng lnh Undo hay Oops

III.2. Lnh Oopsnh Oops gip ta phc hi li cc i tng b xa sau cng, truy

xut lnh bng cc cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Oops

III.3. Lnh Undonh Undo dng hy bln lt cc lnh thc hin trc . Truy

xut lnh bng cc cch sau:


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Nhp vo tdng Command: Undo

Command: UndoAuto/ Control/ BEgin/ End/ Mark/ Back/: Nhp sln UndoAuto: Nu l On th cc i tng c v trong mi lnh xem nh l mtnhm. V dcc n thng vbng mt lnh Line s c hy bbi mt ln

UndoControl : la chn ny u khin vic thc hin cc la chn ca lnhUndo. Khi nhp C, xut hin dng nhc: All/ None/ One , trong : All : Thc hin tt ccc la chn ca lnh Undo. One : Chhy bmt lnh va thc hin trc .None : Khng ththc hin vic hy bcc lnh ca AutoCAD. BEgin : Dng la chn ny nh du lnh u ca nhm lnh, lnh nyphi kt hp vi End. End : Kt hp vi BEgin, la chn ny nh du lnh cui ca nhmnh v sau ta c thxa bi mt bc thc hin. Mark : nh du lnh AutoCAD va thc hin m sau ny ta c thtrbng la chn Back. Back : Hy bcc lnh thc hin n ln nh du (Mark) gn nht,u khng nh du Mark th AutoCAD s xa tt c cc lnh thc hintrc .

III.4. Lnh Redonh Redo dng sau lnh Undo phc hi mt lnh va hy trc .

Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Redo

III.5. Lnh Redrawnh Redraw dng xa cc du + (gi l cc Blipmode) trn mn hnh

Command: Redraw hoc R

III.6. Ty xa cc i tng tha(lnh Purge)nh Purge cho php ta ty xa nhng i tng tha (Block, Layer,

Linetype, Shape, Text Style...) trong mt bn v. Truy xut lnh bng cch sau:Trn dng Command: Purge hay Pu.Gista cn xa lp TRUC c sn trn bn vhin hnh, khi ta sthc hin

nhsau:Command: Purge hay Pu

Purge unused

Blocks/Dimstyles/LAyers/LTypes/SHapes/STyles/Mlinestyles/All: La

Names to purge :

Verify each name to be purged? Purge layer TRUC? y


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CHNG VII

CC LNH VNHANHI. Lnh Offsetnh Offset dng to i tng mi song song vi i tng chn

theo mt khong cch no . Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Offset hoc O

1- La chn Offset distanceCommand: O- Specify offset distance or [Through] : Nhp vo khong cch giahai i tng hay dng chut chn m thnht v m thhai ACAD ttnh khong cch.- Select object to offset or : Chn i tng to i tng song songi n- Specify point on side to offset: Chn pha cn to i tng mi song song- Select object to offset or : Tip tc chn i tng hay n Enter ktthc.

Line Pline

2- La chn Through

Command: OFFSETSpecify offset distance or [Through]: TSelect object to offset or : Chn i tng to i tng song songSpecify through point: Truy bt m m i tng mi c to ra s i quaSelect object to offset or : Chn i tng khc hoc Enter kt thcnh.Sau khi vxong dng lnh trim.

Ch :nh Offset skhng hiu qu i vi i tng l Points, Blockv Text.

II. Lnh Filletnh Fillet gip ta vni tip hai n thng (hay n thng vi cung

trn hoc chai u l cung trn) bi mt cung trn theo bn knh m ta nhn. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Fillet

Command: FilletCurrent settings: Mode = TRIM, Radius = 0.0000Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim/mUltiple]: Chn i tng l

Line, Circle, Arc hoc phn n ca Pline v chn gn vtr FilletSelect second object: Chn i tng 2 gn vtr Fillet


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MUltiple:sau khi thc hin xong ln 1 tip tc thc hin lnh Fillet, nhnEnter khi kt thc

III. Lnh Chamfernh Chamfer dng to mt n xin gia hai n thng hay ni

khc i l vt mp hai n thng. Trnh t thc hin lnh Chamfer tng t

nh Fillet. ruy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command : Chamfer

Command: Chamfer(NOTRIM mode) Current chamfer Dist1 = 0.0000, Dist2 = 0.0000Select first line or[Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/mUltiple]: Mc nhl chn n thnhtSelect second line : Chn n thhaiPolyline : Tng tnhFilletDistance : Dng la chn ny nhp gi tr hai khong cch (tm giao nhau ca hai n thng cn Chamfer n hai m ni ca ng

xin vi hai n thng)Angle : La chn ny cho php ta nhp gi tr khong cch thnht v gc ca ng vt mp hp vi ng thnht.Trim : Tng tlnh Fillet.Method : Chn mt trong hai phng php Distance v AngleMultiple : Tng tlnh Fillet.

Ch :- Khi thc hin lnh Chamfer v Fillet ta c thchn mt i tng n v mtphn n ca a tuyn.- Ta khng thc hin lnh Chamfer v Fillet vi hai i tng l hai phn na cc pline khc nhau, mun thc hin lnh chng ta phi dng lnh. Explodeph vmt trong hai pline thnh cc i tng n sau thc hin lnh.

IV.Lnh Copynh Copy dng sao chp i tng, truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:

Nhp vo tdng Command: Copy hoc Co

Command: Copy


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Select objects: Chn i tng/ Multiple: Mc nh l chn m cbn copy,u mun copy t i tng thnh nhiu i tng khc ta chn MSecond point of displacement: nh m n

V. Lnh Mirror

nh Mirror dng to i tng mi i xng vi i tng ch nhqua mt trc no . Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Mirror hoc Mi

Command: MiSelect objects: Chn cc i tng thc php i xng (c nt t) Selectobjects: n Enter kt thc vic la chn.Specify first point of mirror line: Chn m thnht ca trc i xng.Specify second point of mirror line: Chn m thhai ca trc i xng.Delete source objects? [Yes/No] : Xa i tng c chn hay khng?p N nu khng mun xo, p Y nu mun xo.

Ch : i vi i tng l Text:u mun i tng sau khi Mirror l i tng i xng ca Text

chn, ta phi t bin hthng MirrText = 1.u mun i tng sau khi Mirror vn ginguyn trt tch, ta cho bin hthng MirrText = 0 (dng lnh Setvar).

VI. Arraynh Array dng sao chp cc i tng c chn thnh dy hnh

chnht (Rectangular array) hay sp xp xung quanh tm (Polar array) v ccdy ny c sp xp cch u nhau. Truy xut lnh bng cc cch sau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Array hoc Ar1. Rectangular Array

Dng sao chp i tng c chn thnh dy c shng v s


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t nht nh. Command:Array . Xut hin hp thoi

ChnRectangular Array.Kch chut vo nt Select objects, xut hin dng lnh.Select objects : chn cc i tng cn sao chp.Select objects : nhn hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn. Sau khi chn xongquay trli hp thoi trn. Ti la chn:-Rows : nh shng mun sao chp.- Columns : nh sct mun sao chp.-Row offset : Nhp khong cch gia cc hng.-Row offset : Nhp khong cch gia cc ct.n OK kt thc lnh

Ch : Ta c thnhp khong cch di dng phn s.

2. Polar Arraya chn ny dng to cc dy sp xp xung quanh mt tm

Command: Array Chn Polar ArrayKch chut vo nt Select objects, xut hin dng lnhSelect objects : Chn cc i tng cn sao chpSelect objects : Nhn hoc nhn Enter kt thc vic chn. Saukhi chn xong quay trli hp thoi trn. Ti la chn:


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Center point: Chn tm ca dy theo to X, YTrong hp thoi Method ta c thchn hai trong ba la chn.

- Total Number of Item: Xc lp tng sphn ttrong mng va to ra kcphn tbn ang to mng.- Angle to Fill: Xc lp s m mng to nn. V dto mng bao quanh navng trn, xc lp1800. Gc n vo gi trm scng chiu kim ng h, gc c gi trdng sngc chiu kim ng h.- Angle Between Item: Xc lp s gia mi phn ttrong mng.Chn Rotate Item as Copied xoay cc i tng m bn ang to mng, huchn hp ny nu khng xoay chng.n OK kt thc lnh.

VII. HIU CHNH I TNG VI GRIPS ( nh)Trong AutoCAD ta c ththc hin cc lnh hiu chnh: Stretch, Mirror,Move, Copy, Scale, Rotate ... bng cch dng GRIPS. GRIPS l cc vungng tnhcc vung truy bt, ta c thdng GRIPS thay thcc phngphp truy bt m. Kiu (xp u xung quanh tm).nh Ddgrips v cc bin u khin Grips

Ty thuc vo bin Grips l ON hay OFF ta c thdng Grips hiuchnh i tng. Ta c th nh bin ny v thay i kch thc cng nhthay

Kiu(xp u xung

quanh tm)


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i mu ca Grips bng hp thoi Grips. lm xut hin hp thoi ny ta cthg trc tip lnh Ddgrips hoc chn trn Menu chnh: Tools\Grips...

Trong :Enable Grips : Chn mGripsEnable Grips Within Blocks: Tt c i tng ca Block u xut hin du Gripsu trnh ny c chn, ngc li du Grips chxut hin ti m chn khi.Unselected... : Mu ca Grips khi ta chn i tng.Selected : Mu ca Grips khi ta lm nng (HOT) v chun bthc hinnh hiu chnh.Grips Size : Kch thc Grips.

1. Chn i tng vi GripsKhi i tng c chn v trn dng Command khng c bt k lnhno hin din th cc du Grips (Unselected...) sxut hin trn i tng vcc i tng c chn ny strthnh ng khut.

2. Sdng ch GripsHoc khi Grips ang trng thi HOT nu ta click phm phi chut, ta c

t menu ththc hin cc lnh hiu chnh nhStretch, Move, Rotate, Scale,Mirror.


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CHNG VIII.

THUT VNNG CAOI. POINTnh Point c dng cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau nh: nh v i

ng, giao m, vtr ng tim... trong trng hp ny xem Point l mt ing ca AutoCAD, thc hin lnh bng cch:

Nhp vo tdng Command : Point ( hoc Po ) Trn Menu chnh: chn Draw\Point\Single Point

Command: PointPoint: ch nh mTa cng c th thay i kch cv hnh dng ca Point bng cch dng lnhDdptype nhsau:Nhp vo tdng Command: Ddptype Trn Menu chnh: chn Format\Point Style...Sau khi kch ng lnh Ddptype, AutoCAD s m hp thoi Point Style nhhnh.

Trong :- Min trn cng: L hnh dng Point- Point Size: Kch cPoint- Set Size Relative to Screen: Kch ctng i so vi m hnh (theo % so vimn hnh).- Set Size inAbsolute Units:nh kch thc tuyt i ca m (theo n vv)

II. DIVIDEnh DIVIDE dng chia cc i tng (line, arc, circle, pline, ...)

thnh cc n c chiu di bng nhau. Ti cc m chia ca i tng sxuthin mt m. gi lnh DIVIDE, thc hin theo cch sau:Nhp vo dng Command: Divide (hoc Div). Trn Menu chnh: Chn Draw\Point\Divideng trn c chia thnh 7 n:Trn Menu mn hnh: Chn chn Draw\Point\Measureng Sopyline c chia theo di cho trc th dbng 40

Command: Div


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IV. DONUTnh Donut vhnh vnh khn, ging nhv ng trn c chiu rng.

nh Donut c ng knh trong v ng knh ngoi. Khi:- ng knh trong = ng knh ngoi: Ta c ng trn- ng knh trong < ng knh ngoi: Ta c ng trn, chiu rng l hiuhai ng knh.

- ng knh trong = ng knh ngoi: Ta c hnh trn.Thc hin lnh Donut bng cch:Nhp vo tdng Command : Donut (hoc Doughnut)Trn Menu chnh: Chn Draw\Donut

Command: DonutInside diameter nhp ng knh trongOutside diameter : nhp ng knh ngoiCenter of doughnut: nh tm ca hnh vnh khuynDonut c th c t mu hay chgch cho ty thuc vo trng thi ON(hnh 6.4) hay OFF (hnh 6.5) ca lnh Fill

Command: Fill

ON/: ON

V. RAY (TIA)nh Ray dng to ng dng hnh (Construction Line hay CL). Ray

c gii hn mt u cn u kia v tn, khng b nh hng bi gii hn v(Limits), khi Zoom... Thc hin lnh bng cch:Nhp vo dng Command: RayTrn Menu chnh: Chn Draw\Ray

Command: RayFrom point: m bt u ca Ray, m 1 hnh

Through point: m xc nh hng ca Ray, m 2 hnhThrough point: Tip tc to hng khc hay enter kt thc lnh

VI. XLINEnh Xline, tng tnh lnh Ray, cng c dng to ng dng

hnh nhng Xline l ng thng khng c m u v m cui. Nu bctt u, Xline strthnh Ray. Nu ct chai u, Xline strthnh Line.Thc hin lnh Xline bng cch:


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Nhp vo dng Command: Xline (hay Xl)Trn Menu chnh: Chn Draw\Construction Line

Command: XlXLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]:Trong :* Hor: To Xline nm ngang. Chn ty chn ny, AutoCAD s a ra tip dng

nhc Through point: Chn m m ng nm ngang Xline s i qua.* Ver: To Xline thng ng. Chn ty chn ny, AutoCAD s a ra tip dngnhc Through point: chn m m ng thng ng Xline s i qua.* Ang: Chn gc nghing cho ng Xline. Chn ty chn ny,AutoCAD s a ra tip dng nhc sau:Enter angle of xline (0) or [Reference]:- Mc nh l nhp gc nghing so vi ng nm ngang, AutoCAD a radng nhc Through point: chn m m ng xin Xline s i qua.- Nu nhp R: Th ta chn ng tham chiu v nhp gc nghing so vi ngtham chiu ny Select a line object: Chn ng tham chiu

Enter angle < > : Nhp gc nghing so vi ng tham chiu* Bisect: To Xline trng vi ng phn gic c xc nh bi ba m: mthnht: Xc nh nh ca gc; m thhai v thba:xc nh gi trgc. Chn ty chn ny AutoCAD s a ra cc dng nhc sauXLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: nu nhp BSpecify angle vertex point: Chn m lm nh gcSpecify angle start point: Chn cnh thnht ca gcSpecify angle end point: Chn cnh thhai ca gc* Offset: To Xline song song vi mt ng c sn. Chn ty chn nyAutoCAD s a ra nhng dng nhc sau

XLINE Specify a point or [Hor/Ver/Ang/Bisect/Offset]: oSpecify offset distance or [Through] : Nhp khong cchSelect a line object: Chn cnh m Xline ssong songSpecify side to offset: Chn hng ca ng song songSelect a line object: Tip tc chn hay enter kt thc lnh

VII. SKETCHnh Sketch dng vphc tho bng tay. Khi vshin ln cc n

thng ngn lin tc theo sdi chuyn ca con chy. Dng lnh ny dung lngn vrt ln v AutoCAD phi qun l nhiu i tng hn.

Thc hin lnh bng cch:Command : SketchRecord increament : Nhp gi trmi n thng nh(bm chut v v).Sketch. Pen eXit Quit Record Erase Connect. Trong :Record increament: Quyt nh mn ca hnh v. Gi trmc nh l 1.0000.Gi tr ny cng nh th dung lng bn v cng ln. Khi v t do vi lnh


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Sketch th Snap v Ortho phi tt hnh vkhng bgy khc Sketch: Gm cPen v Record.* Pen : Gm Pen down v Pen up. Pen down: v, Pen up: khng v. Chuyni qua li 2 chc nng ny bng click nt tri chut .* Record : Ghi tt ccc ng vphc tm thi trc thnh ng c nh.Sau khi ghi, cc ng ny khng thhiu chnh vi cc la chn ca Sketch.

* Exit : Ghi tt ccc ng tm vv thot khi lnh Sketch.* Quit : Cho php thot khi lnh Sketch v btt cnhng ng v.* Erase : Cho php xa mt cch chn lc tvtr bt kca ng cho ncui, nhng khng xa c cc ng Record.* Connect : Cho php ni cc ng phc tho sau khi nhc bt Lin quan tinh Sketch c bin SKPOLY.SKPOLY = 0: Cc n thng l cc i tng line ring bit.SKPOLY = 1: Cc n thng ni kt li thnh mt ng lin tc.

VIII. POLYLINES (A TUYN)

1. VPolylinesnh Pline thc hin nhiu chc nng hn lnh Line. N c th to ing c rng, c thto c cc i tng l cc n thng v cc cungtrn... Thc hin lnh bng cch:Command : Pline ( hay PlTrn Menu chnh: chn Draw\Polyline

1.1. Ch v n thng

Command: PlineSpecify start point:chn m bt u ca Pline.

Current line-width is 0.0000 chiu rng hin hnh ca pline l 0.Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: nhp ta m ktip (truy bt m) hay p cc chhoa sdng cc la chn.Trong :* Close: ng pline bi 1 n thng.* Halfwidth: nh na chiu rng phn n sp v.Starting halfwidth < >: Nhp gi trna chiu rng u phn n.Ending halfwidth < > : Nhp gi trna chiu rng cui phn n.* Length: Vtip mt phn n c phng chiu nh n thng trc . Nuphn n trc l cung trn th n stip xc cung trn

* Undo: Hy phn n va v.* Width: nh chiu rng phn n sp v, tng tHalfwidth.

1.2. Ch vcung trn

Command: PlineSpecify start point: nhp ta m bt u ca plineCurrent line-width is 0.0000: Chiu rng hin hnh ca pline l 0Specify next point or [Arc/Halfwidth/Length/Undo/Width]: Chn A


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Select objects: Chn cc i tng cn ni vi a tuyn chnSelect objects: Nhn (kt thc lnh Sau khi xong), AutoCAD a ra thng bo:n segments added to polyline: n n c cng vo a tuyn.* Width: nh chiu rng mi cho ng Pline. Chn ty chn ny, xut hindng nhc:Enter new width for all segments: chiu rng mi cho c a tuyn.

* Fit: Chuyn a tuyn thnh 1 ng cong l tp hp cc cung trn tip xcnhau, i qua cc nh ca a tuyn.* Spline: Lm trn cc gc cnh.* Decurve: Chuyn cc phn n l cc cung trn ca a tuyn thnh cc phnn thng.* Undo: Hy 1 la chn va thc hin.* EXit: Kt thc lnh Pedit.

2.2. Hiu chnh cc nh v cc phn n a tuynKhi chn Edit vertex ca dng nhc chnh, ta chuyn sang ch hiu

chnh cc nh v cc phn n.Command: PeditSelect polyline or [Multiple]:chn a tuyn cn hiu chnhEnter an option [Close/Join/Width/Edit vertex/Fit/Spline/Decurve/Ltype

gen/Undo]: EEnter a vertex editing option.[Next/Previous/Break/Insert/Move/Regen/Straighten/Tangent/Width/eXit] :Lc ny xut hin du X, nh du nh m chng ta cn hiu chnh.Trong :

Next : Di nh n m ktip.Previous : Di nh n m trc .Break : Xa cc phn n gia cc nh m ta chn, khi chn B:

Next/ Previous/ Go/ eXit:Next, Previous : Di du X n m cn xa.Go : Thc hin chc nng xa.EXit : Thot khi ty chn Break.

Insert : Chn 1 nh mi vo a tuyn, khi chn I:Enter location of new vertex: nhp ta ca nh mi

Move : Di 1 nh ca a tuyn n vtr miEnter new location: Nhp ta vtr mi ca nh

Regen : Cp nht chiu rng nt vmi v vli hnhStraighten : Nn thng cc phn n nm gia cc nh c nh du

Next/ Previous/ Go/ eXit: thc hin tng tlnh Break.Tangent : nh hng tip tuyn ti cc nh ca ng cong to c

khi Fit a tuyn, khi chn T sxut hin dng nhc:Direction of tangent: Chn hng tip tuyn

Width : nh chiu rng nt vca phn n sau nh ang chn caa tuyn:


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POINT v CONTROL POINT. Data Point l nhng m m Spline i qua,cn Control Point l nhng m khng nm trn Spline nhng c tc dng kong Spline vhng cc m ny.i lnh bng cc cch sau:Command: SplineditTrn Menu chnh: Chn Modify\Object\Splinedit

Command: SplineditSelect spline: Chn Spline cn hiu chnh.Fit Data/ Close/ Move Vertex/ Refine/ rEverse/ Undo]: Dng nhc chnh caSpline.

2.1 Data Pointi dng nhc chnh, ta chn F (Fit Data) hiu chnh theo Data Point,

AutoCAD a ra dng nhc sau:Add/ Close/ Delete/ Move/ Purge/ Tangents/ toLerance/ eXit :Trong :

Add : Thm Data Point vo Spline. ng Spline thay i v i quam mi nhp vo, ti dng nhc Enter point:, ta chn 1 m trn Spline thm v m tip sau s c t m mu. ta c thnhp m mi vogia 2 m c nh du ny.Enter point : Chn 1 m trn SplineEnter new point : Vtr ca m mi

Close/ Open : ng ng Spline ang m (ty chn Close) hoc mSpline ang ng (Open)

Move : Dng di 1 m Data Point n vtr mi, chn Mxut hin dng nhc:

Next, previous/ Select Point/ eXit/ : Dng N, P chnm ktip hoc S l m ang chn xc nh m cn di, sau chn vtr mi.

Delete : xa cc m ra khi Spline.Purge: Xa tt ccc m ca Spline. cc m ny xuthin tr li, ta

chn Undo ti dng nhc k .Tangents : Thay i hng cc ng tip tuyn ti cc m u v

cui ca Spline.ToLerance : Tng tty chn Fit Tolerance ca lnh Spline.

2.2 Control PointTrn dng nhc chnh ca Spline, ngoi tr ty chn Fit Data, cc ty

chn cn li u dng hiu chnh cc m Control Point ngha cc ty chn:

Close/ Open : ng ng Spline ang m (ty chn Close) hoc mSpline ang ng (Open)..

Move Vertex : Di 1 m u khin bt kRefine : Chn ty chn ny slm xut hin dng nhc


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Add control point/ Elevate Order/ Weight/ eXit :Trong :- Add control point : Thm m u khin vo Spline. Ti dng nhc Select apoint on the Spline chn 1 m gn vtr m u khin mun thm vo.- Elevate Order : Thm scc m vo theo chiu di ng Spline. Nhpgi trtn n 26 vi n l scc m u khin ang c + 1

- Weight : Gi tr Weight ca 1 m u khin cng ln th ngSpline s i gn m ny hn.Enter new weight (current=1.0000) or Next/ Previous/ elect point/ eXit :

Reverse : o ngc thtcc m u khin ca Spline.

X. MULTILINEnh Mline (Multiline) dng vcc ng song song, mi ng song

song c gi l thnh phn (element) ca ng Mline. Ti a ta to c 16thnh phn. Trc khi thc hin lnh, ta cn nh kiu cho Multiline, sau khin, ta c thhiu chnh n.

1. nh kiu a tuyn_Lnh MlstyleTruy xut lnh bng cch:

- Command: Mlstyle- Trn Menu chnh: chn Format\Multiline Style...

Command: Mlstyle

Khi thc hin lnh Mlstyle, xut hin hp thoi Multiline Style (nhhnh)Dng ghi kiu Mline, gi 1 kiu Mline trthnh hin hnh, to mi, ...

Set Current : Tn kiu Mline hin hnhNew : t tn mi cho Mline v khai bo nhhp thoi bn / OkModify : Gi li kiu Mline khai bo chnRename : i tnDelete : Xa


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Load... : Ti 1 kiu Mline tcc file c phn mrng. MLNSave : Hp thoi Save Multiline Style xut hin (nhhnh), to th

c,t tnSave Multiline Style

2. Thc hin lnh a tuyn_Lnh MlineSau khi to c kiu a tuyn, ta thc hin lnh bng cch:

Command: Mline (hay Ml )Trn Menu chnh: Chn Draw\Multiline

Command: MlineSpecify start point or [Justification/Scale/STyle]:Trong :

Justification: Nhp J xut hin dngEnter justification type [Top/Zero/Bottom] : Trong nh vtr ng Mline bng ng tm (Zero offset element), ng trn (Topoffset element - hay nm bn tri ng tm nu nhn theo hng v) hocng di (Bottom offset element - nm bn phi ng tm)

Scale: nh tlcho khong cch gia cc thnh phn bin ng Mline. Phthuc vo kiu ng Mline ta nhp cc gi tr khc nhau. Nu kiu ngMline l STANDARD th khong cch gia ng tm vi 2 ng Mline l+0.5 v -0.5. Do tlbng chiu rng gia cc thnh phn. V dScale = 20th khong cch gia cc element bin l 20.

STyle: Chn kiu ng Mline. to kiu Mline, ta sdng lnh Mlstyle

3. Hiu chnh a tuyn_Lnh Mledithiu chnh a tuyn, ta dng lnh Mledit. Thc hin lnh bng cch:

nh trc tip vo dng Command: MleditTrn Menu chnh: Chn Modify\Object\MultilineHnh:Multiline Edit Tools


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C 4 b hiu chnh Mline, l: Cross, Tee, Coner, Cut.Sau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD a ra hp thoi (nhhnh 6.12)

3.1. Cross (ng t)Loi ny bao gm Closed Cross (ng t kn), Open Cross (ng t h),

Merged Cross- Closed Cross: Mline chn trc btrim ti nhng giao m vi Mline thhai.- Open Cross: Hai Mline chn u bct, to thnh ng th.- Merged Cross: Tch nhng phn tpha ngoi v ginguyn phn t trungtm ca mi Mline ti chgiao nhau, thtchn Mline khng nh hng.

3.2. Tee (ng ba)o ng ba gia hai Mline, Trim hay Extend ca Mline chn u tin,

ging nhCross vi 3 hnh thc Closed Tee, Open Tee, Merged Tee.

3.3. Corner (gc)Thay i nhng nh ca 1 hay 2 Mline bao gm Joint ( 1-3), Delete ( 2- 3),Add ( 3-3).- Corner Joint: To gc gia hai Mline, vtr m chn trn Mline u tin squyt nh phn gili ca Mline.- Add Vertex: Thm nh ti m chn ca Mline.- Delete Vertex: Bbt nh ca Mline ti m chn.

3.4 Cut (ct)Loi ny dng ct bhay ni li 1 n Mline hay 1 vi phn ttrong

Mline, bao gm Cut Single ( 1-4: Ct 1 phn t trong Mline), Cut All ( 2-4:t tt ccc phn ttrong Mline), Weld All ( 3-4: Ni li nhng Mline bct)

XI. ELLIPSEnh Ellipse dng v ng Elip, truy xut lnh bng cch:

- nh trc tip vo dng Command: Ellipse- Trn Menu chnh: Chn Draw\Ellipse


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Ty thuc vo bin PELLIPSE, ng Elip c thl:- PELLIPSE = 1: ng Elip l 1 a tuyn, a tuyn ny l tp hp cc cungtrn, ta c thsdng lnh Pedit hiu chnh.- PELLIPSE = 0: ng Elip l ng Spline, y l 1 ng cong NURBS(xem lnh Spline) v ta khng thExplode n c. Nu bin PELLIPSE = 0, tac 3 phng php to Elip:

1. Nhp ta mt trc v khong cch na trc thhai.2. Nhp tm, m cui mt trc v khong cch na trc thhai.3. To mt cung Elip.

1. Ta mt trc v khong cch na trc cn li

Command: EllipseArc/ Center/ : nhp ta m thnht ca trc thnhtAxis endpoint 2: nhp ta m thhai ca trc thnht./Rotation: chn m thba lm khong cch na trc cni hay c thnhp khong cch trc tip (hnh 6.13a). Ty chn Rotation dng

xc nh na khong cch trc cn li theo gc. Nu chn R, AutoCAD sa tip dng nhca/ Ellipse bng cch dng khong cch.b/ Ellipse bng cch quay.

Rotation about major axis: nhp gc so vi trc thnht.

2. Tm v cc trc

Command: EllipseArc/ Center/ : chn CCenter of Ellipse: chn m lm tm ca Ellipse

Axis endpoint: chn m xc nh trc thnht/ Rotation: chn m thhai xc nh trc thhai.Ty chn R tng tnhmc XI.1.

3. Vcung ElipTy chn Arc trong lnh Ellipse cho php ta v cung Elippse. Cung

Ellipse s c vngc chiu kim ng htng tlnh Arc. u tin, ta nhng Ellipse, sau nh m u v m cui ca cung.


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Command: Ellipse

Arc/ Center/ : A/ Center: Chn m u ca trc thnht (hnh 6.14a)Axis endpoint 2: chn m thhai ca trc thnht (hnh 6.14b)/ Rotation: Khong cch na trc thhai

Parameter/ : Chn m hay nhp gi trgcParameter/ Included/ : Chn m 2 hay nhp gi trgc

XII. HATCHING1. Vmt ct (lnh Bhatch)

nh Bhatch dng vk hiu ca vt liu trn mt ct trong mt ngbin kn. vt liu c thhin th, ta mlnh Fill bng cch g trc tip tbn

phm nh trc tip vo dng Command: FillON/OFF: Chn ONi lnh Bhatch vmt ct, ta c thdng cc cch sau:

- nh trc tip vo dng Command: Bhatch- Trn Menu chnh: chn Draw\Hatch...Khi ta thc hin xong, AutoCAD s a ra hp hi thoi sau.

2. Chn mu mt ct (Pattern Type)a chn ny dng chn dng cc mu mt ct: Predifined, User-

defined, Custom nhhnh trn.Chon mau mat cat


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Predefined : Loi c sn trong AutoCAD trong tp tin Acad.pat. chna mu mt ct, ta c thclick vo Pattern... hay click vo hnh nh (bnphi Pattern).

User-defined : Sdng cc loi pattern do ta to trc.Custom : Sdng cc file *.pat c to tnhng ngun khc.

3. Gn cc tnh cht cho mu mt ct (Pattern Properties)gi c Tool Properies. Trc tin bn bm t hp phm (Ctrl+3),

sau vo chut phi mt no chn properties. Hp thoi tool propertiesgip cc bn chn kiu mt ct, mu, gc,

4. Xc nh vng vmt ct (Boundaries)Min Boundaries dng nh min Hatch gm cc ty chn nhsau:

- Add Pick Point: chn ty chn ny AutoCAD syu cu chn m bn trongng bin, AutoCAD st ng xc nh ng bin cho chng ta, y l cchn gin nht xc nh min hatch.- Add Select Objects: chn min hatch bng cch chn i tng, cch ny chhiu qu i vi cc polyline khp kn.


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- Remove Boundaries: Cho php lp y cc i tng nh(Islands) bn trongi tng m ta cn hatch.- View Selection: Cho php xem ng bin chn trc khi hatch.

+ Island Detection: Nu chn ny th cc Islands bn trong ng bin kn sc chn khi dng Pick point xc nh ng bin.+ Boundary Style: Chn cc kiu vmt ct, c 3 kiu: Normal, Outer v Ignore(hnh trn).Retain Boundaries: Nu khng chn ty chn ny th sau khi hatch xongAutoCAD st ng xa ng bao chung quanh; nu chn, AutoCAD sgii ng bao sau kh i hatch.


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CHNG IX.

CHV KCH THCI. TEXT

1. To kiu ch(lnh Style)Trc khi vit chcho bn v, vic u tin l to kiu ch, lnh Style

gip ta thc hin u ny. Thc hin lnh Style bng cch:

* Trn dng Command : Style hoc St hoc -Style* Trn Menu chnh: Format\Text Style...* Trn Menu mn hnh: Format\Style

u ta g vo dng Command ch - Style, ta s i thoi trc tip viAutoCAD, cc cch thc hin cn li s c AutoCAD a ra hp hi thoi sau:Text Style


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Trong :a. Trnh Style Name* Style Name : Dng hin thtn ca kiu Text* New... : To kiu Text mi* Rename... : i tn Style c sn* Delete : Xa tn Style khng cn thit

b. Trnh Font* Font Name : Chn Font ch* Font Style : Chn kiu chThng (Regular), In (Bold), Nghing (Italic) ..* Height : Chiu cao ch(nu ta khng nh chiu cao chvo ny, thkhi gi lnh Text, ta c ththay i c chiu cao chtrong mi ln vit, cnkhi ta nhp chiu cao chkhc 0, AutoCAD skhng hin thdng Height trongi ln thc hin lnh Text).

c. Trnh Effects* Upside down: Ch i xng gng theo phng ngang.

* Backwards : Ch i xng nhau theo phng thng ng.* Vertical : Ch c vit tng k tmt v vit ttrn xung di.* Width Factor: tlcc ch; nu bng 1: Chc tlbnh thng; nu nhhn1: Chco li; nu ln hn 1: Chgin ra. Theo tiu chun:- Hschiu rng cho chhoa v chsl 5/7- Hschiu rng cho chthng l 4/7* Oblique Angle: nghing so vi phng thng ng ca ch. Nu bng 0:chthng ng; nu > 0: Chnghing sang phi; nu < 0: chnghing sang ri.Ch chghi trong bn vphi thng ng (gc nghing 00) hoc nghing soi mt phng nm ngang 1 gc 750(tc l nghing khi nhp vo ny l 15)

d. Trnh PreviewGip ta c thxem trc c kiu ch, thuc tnh cng nhcc cch th

hin TextSau khi thc hin cc trnh trn, ta click vo nt chn Apply; nu hy

lnh, ta nhp vo nt chn Cancel.

2. Nhp chvo bn v2.1. Bin Textfill

Bin Textfill c 2 ch : tt (OFF) v m(ON). Khi Textfill: ON, chs

c t y, ngc li ch s rng (ch thhin ng vin). Thc hin lnhng cch:Command: Textfill ( (chn 1: ON; chn 0: OFF)

2.2. Lnh Dtextnh Dtext cho php ta nhp cc dng chvo bn vtbn phm. Trong

t lnh Dtext, ta c thnhp nhiu dng chnm cc v tr khc nhau vdng chsxut hin trn mn hnh trong khi ta thc hin lnh.* Trn thanh Draw: Click vo biu tng


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* Trn dng Command: Dtext* Trn Menu chnh: Draw\Text\Single Line Text* Trn Menu mn hnh: Draw 2\Dtext

Command: DtextJustify/Style/ : Chn m canh ltriHeight < >: Chiu cao ch. Theo tiu chun, chiu cao chhoa c gi tr: 14;

10; 7; 5; 3.5; 2.5 mm. Chiu cao ch thng c ly bng 5/7 cc chiu caochhoa Rotation angle : nghing ca dng chso vi phng nmngang v quay theo chiu dng.Text: Nhp dng Text tbn phm.Text: Tip tc nhp Text hoc Enter kt thc lnh.

Cc la chn:Start point: m bt u vit Text.Style: Chn kiu ch nh. Chn S (Style) sxut hin tip dng nhc.Style name (or ?): Nhp tn kiu hoc chn ? lit k tt ccc kiu nh.Justify: Khi p J sxut hin tip dng nhc:

Align/ Fit/ Center/ Middle/ Right/ TL/ TC/ TR/ ML/ MC/ MR/ BLTrong :* Align: Ch nhp vo nm gia 2 m nh trc. T s gia chiu cao vchiu rng dng chph thuc vo Width Factor. Do ng vi khong cchcho trc, AutoCAD t ng nh chiu cao Text.* Fit: Tng tAlign nhng chiu cao c xc nh, ty chn ny bqua tlgia chiu cao v chiu rng ch.* Cc ty chn khc: T (top: trn), B (bottom: di), L (left: tri), R (right:phi), M (middle: gia theo phng thng ng), C (center: gia theo phngngang).

ng k t c bitc ch G tbn phm Kt quch trn %%Oacad Acadch di %%Uacad AcadK hiu 50%%d 500K hiu cng,tr%%p40 40

K hiu ng knh %%c3030

2.3. Lnh Textnh Text cng tng tnhDtext, nhng ta chc thghi c 1 dng

chm thi v dng chny chxut hin khi ta kt thc lnh. Thc hin lnhng cch:* Trn dng Command: Text

Command: TextJustify/ Style/ : Chn m canh lHeight < > : Chiu cao dng TextRotation angle : Gc nghing ca TextText: Nhp dng chvo bn v, sau (skt thc lnh)


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2.4. Lnh Mtextnh Mtext cho php to 1 an vn bn c gii hn bi ng bin l

khung hnh chnht. on vn bn ny l 1 i tng duy nht ca AutoCAD,ta c thph v n vn bn ny thnh nhng dng Text ring lbng lnhExplode.Thc hin lnh Mtext bng mt trong nhng cch sau y:

* Trn dng Command: Mtext* Trn Menu chnh : Draw\Text\Multiline Text* Trn Menu mn hnh: Draw 2\Mtext

Command: MtextCurrent text style: STANDARD. Text height: 100Specify first corner: m gc thnht n vn bnSpecify opposite corner or [Height/Justify/Rotation/Style/Width]: m gc idin hay chn cc la chn cho n vn bn.

3. Hiu chnh Text3.1. Lnh Ddedit

nh Ddedit cho php thay i ni dung dng Text v nh ngha thuctnh. Thc hin lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau (c thbm hai ln chut trilin k)

Trn dng Command: DDeditNhp hai ln chut tri vo chcn sa. Nu nhng ch ta cn hiu chnh

c thc hin tlnh Mtext sxut hin hp thoi nhhnh:

Ddedit ca dtex ddedit ca mtext3.2. Lnh Ddmodify- Thay i tt ccc c tnh lin quan ti dng Text bng hp thoi- Thc hin lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau:* Trn dng Command: DDmodify* Trn Menu chnh: Modify\Properties...

Command: DDmodifyCad 2007 vic chnh thc hin rong hp thoi Properties


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AutoCAD s a ra hp thoi nhhnh

4. Lnh QtextNhm lm tng tc hin thv truy xut bn v. Lnh ny thay thcc

dng ch thnh nhng hnh ch nht. Mc nh Qtext l OFF (hin th dngText), khi gi trny ON: Cc dng Text s c thay thbng nhng hnh chnht

Command: QtextON/OFF < >: G vo ON hay OFF

II. DIMENSIONING (NG KCH THC)II.1. Cc thnh phn ca kch thcFir st Extension Line(ng giong thnhat)Second Extension Line(ng gi ong thhai)Arrow(M ui ten)Dimension Text(Chsokch thc)Dimension Line( ng kch thc)


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II.2. nh kiu kch thcthay i cc bin kch thc v to cc kiu kch thc, ta dng lnh

Ddim, thc hin lnh bng mt trong cc cch sau:Command: Ddim hoc DTrn Menu chnh: Format / Dimension Style...

Sau khi thc hin lnh sxut hin hp thoi Dimension Style nhhnh.

Trong :Set Current : La chn tn kiu kch thc lm kch thc hin hnhNew : To mi

to cc chs, ng ging, ng kch thc, mi tn Chn modify.p thoi Modify nhhnh gm 7 th(hng dn cthkhi hc thc hnh).


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II.3. Ghi kch thc( nhhnh bn trn )Cch n gin nht l dng cc biu tng trn thanh cng cDimension

Ghi kch thc thngnh Dimlinear: Dng ghi kch thc nm ngang v thng ng

Command: Dimlinear hoc Dimlinnh Dimaligned: Dng ghi kch thc xinCommand: Dimaligned hoc DimaliGhi kch thc hng tm (bn knh, ng knh)

nh Dimdiameter: dng ghi kch thc ng knhCommand: Dimdiameter hoc Dimdia


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nh Dimradius: Dng ghi kch thc bn knhCommand: Dimradius hoc Dimradnh Dimcenter: Dng v du tm (Center Mark) hay ng tm (CenterLine) ca ng trn hay cung trnCommand: Dimcenter hoc DCEGhi kch thc gc (lnh Dimangular)

nh Dimangular: Dng ghi kch thc gcCommand: Dimangular hoc DimangGhi kch thc theo ng dn (lnh Leader)

nh Leader: dng ghi ch thchCommand:Leader hoc Lead hoc LeGhi chui kch thc1. Ghi chui kch thc song song (lnh Dimbaseline).

Dng lnh ny ta s ghi c kch thc song song vi kch thc vaghi v cng cng ng ging thnht vi kch thc va ghi.Command: Dimbaseline hoc Dimbase hoc Dba

2. Ghi chui kch thc lin tc (lnh Dimcontinue)

II.4. Hiu chnh chskch thcnh DimTEdit

nh DimTEdit cho php ta thay i vtr v phng ca chskch thc mtcch lin kt (Left: tri, Right: phi, Home: khng i, Angle: quay chskchthc 1 gc no so vi phng nm ngang).Command :DimTEdit hoc DimTEd

nh DimEditnh DimEdit dng thay i nghing ch s kch thc v ca ng

ging ang hin thtrn mn hnhCommand: DimEdit

Dimension Edit (Home/New/Rotate/Oblique) :Home : a chskch thc trvvtr ban u (sau khi ta quay chskch thc).New : Thay i gi trca chskch thcRotate : Quay chskch thc 1 gc so vi phng nm ngangOblique : t nghing ng ging so vi ng kch thc. S dng tychn ny ghi kch thc hnh chiu trc o.

II.5. Hiu chnh kch thc lin ktHiu chnh kch thc bng GRIPS


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Dng GRIPS, ta c thhiu chnh vtr ca cc ng kch thc, chskch thc, theo gi trca chskch thc sthay i theo nu ta co ginkch thc. hiu chnh bng GRIPS, ta schn kch thc, sau schnt trong cc vung hin th trn kch thc n khi vung i mu, ta dichuyn n vtr mi.

Ph vkch thc bng lnh EXPLODE. Kch thc lin kt lt i tng duy nht, do khi mun xa kch thc, ta chcn chn bt kt thnh phn no trong kch thc lin kt Khi ta dng lnh Explode ph vkch thc, ta khng thhiu chnh kch thc bng GRIPS ng thikhi ta thay i thuc tnh kch thc n skhng tc dng i vi nhng kchthc bph vkt cu (Explode).

Hiu chnh kch thc bng lnh DDMODIFY

nh DdModify dng thay i tnh cht v tt ccc bin kch thc,i dung ca ch s kch thc. Khi ta chn lnh hiu chnh ny, hp thoiproperties xut hin v cc ty chn cng tng tnhkhi ta nh cu hnh kchthc.


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CHNG X

THUT HIU CHNH NNG CAOTrong chng ny chng ta s cp n cc lnh hiu chnh cao cp ca

AutoCAD nhlnh DDCHPROP, DDMODIFY, CHANGE ng thi lythng ti n tn vnh: Din tch, Chu vi... ca i tng.

I. LNH DDCHPROPnh Ddchprop chhiu chnh cc tnh cht c bit ca i tng nh:

mu, lp, loi nt, bdy i tng... Thc hin lnh bng cch:nh trc tip vo dng Command: DdchpropAutoCAD mhp thoi properties, ch nh i tng cn chnh sa v khai bocc chnh sa rong hp thoi

II.NH DDMODIFYnh Ddmodify cho php hiu chnh i tng v tt cnhng tnh cht

a i tng, ng vi mi loi i tng, AutoCAD m hp thoi Modify

ng ng nhhnh 8.1, thc hin lnh bng cch:nh trc tip vo dng Command : DdmodifyTrn thanh Menu chnh: Chn Modify\Properties...Dng phm tt: Ctrl+1AutoCAD mhp thoi properties, ch nh i tng cn chnh sa v khai bocc chnh sa rong hp thoi

III. LNH CHANGEnh Change x l i tng nh lnh Ddchprop nhng khng mhp

thoi chgiao din vi AutoCAD qua dng lnh, thc hin lnh bng cch:

nh trc tip vo dng Command: ChangeSau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD mra cc dng sau:Select Object: Ch nh i tngProperties/: Default l xc nh m thay i, nu ta chnProperties, AutoCAD yu cu xc nh mt sty chn sau:Change What Property (Color/Elev/layer/Ltype/ItScale/Thickness)?

IV.Y THNG TIN BN VHIN HNHIV.1.nh Statusnh Status cung cp cho chng ta tnh trng ca bn vhin hnh, thc hin

nh bng cch:nh trc tip vo dng Command: StatusTrn Menu chnh: Chn Tools\Inquiry\ StatusSau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD mText Window thng bo tnh trng bnhin hnh.

IV.2.nh Dblist


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nh Dblist cung cp nhng thng tin ca tt c i tng trong bn vhin hnh, thc hin lnh bng cch:nh trc tip vo dng Command: DblistSau khi khi ng lnh, AutoCAD mText Window thng bo cc thng tina tt c i tng trong bn vhin hnh.

IV.3.nh Listnh List cung cp nhng thng tin ca cc i tng c chn, thchin lnh bng cch:nh trc tip vo dng Command: List

Trn thanh cng c Object Properties: Click vo biu tng thanhInquiry.Trn Menu chnh: Chn Tools\Inquiry\ ListSau khi lnh c khi ng, AutoCAD s a ra tip yu cu:Select objects: Chn i tng sau enterAutoCAD smra ca s thng bo thng tin ca i tng c chn trn

AutoCad Text Window

IV.4.nh Distnh Dist cung cp cho ta khong cch gia hai m v gc phng ca

n thng , thc hin lnh bng cch:nh trc tip vo dng Command: DistTrn thanh cng cInquiry:click vo biu tngTrn Menu chnh: Chn Tools\Inquiry\ DistanceSau khi lnh c khi ng, AutoCAD s a ra tip yu cu:First point: nh m thnht

Second point: nh m thhaiV d: Cn bit khong cch gia 2 m trn mt n thng nm ngang cahnh chnht, ta thc hin:

Command: DistSpecify first point:Specify second point:Sau khi chn xong 2 m, AutoCAD s a ra thng tin sau:Distance = 25.0000, Angle in XY Plane = 0, Angle from XY Plane = 0Delta X = 25.0000, Delta Y = 0.0000, Delta Z = 0.000

IV.5. Lnh IDnh ID cung cp cho chng ta thng tin vvtr ca cc i tng trn

n v,thc hin lnh bng cch:nh trc tip vo dng Command: IDTrn thanh cng cInquiry: Click vo biu tngTrn Menu chnh: Chn Tools\Inquiry\ ID point

Command: ID


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Point:nh iem tren oi tngIV.6.nh Area

nh Area cung cp cho ta thng tin v Din tch, Chu via i tng,thc hin lnh bng cch:

nh trc tip vo dng Command: Area

Trn thanh cng cInquiry: Click vo biu tngTrn Menu chnh: Chn Tools\Inquiry\ Area

Command: AreaAutoCADa ra tuchnSpecify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]:Trong :Object: Chn i tng cn bit din tch v chu viAdd: Cng thm i tng vo.Subtract: Trbt i tng raSpecify first corner point or [Object/Add/Subtract]: o (g o)

Select objects: Chn i tngArea = 1250.0000, Perimeter = 150.0000

IV.7. Lnh Mass Propertiesnh Mass Properties cung cp cho ta nhng thng tin v khi lng,

th tch, moment qun tnh, trng tm... ca vt th c (solid), thc hin lnhng cch:

nh trc tip vo dng Command: MasspropTrn thanh cng cInquiry: click lick vo biu tngTrn Menu chnh: chn Tools\Inquiry\ Mass Properties

Command: MasspropSelect objects: Chn i tng

IV.8. Lnh Calculator (CAL)nh CAL tnh ton biu thc theo quy tt ton hc chun v th t u

tin: Nhng biu thc trong ngoc n c tnh trc, cthnhsau: Cc ton c sp theo tht u tin: u tin l sm, tip theo l nhn v chia, vcui cng l cng v tr. Cc ton tngang bng s c xp u tin theo thttri sang phiThc hin lnh bng cch:

nh trc tip vo dng Command: CalTrn thanh cng c Standard: Click vo biu tngnh Cal c th tnh c cc biu thc s hc thng thng v biu thcvector.

IV.8.1. Biu thc shc (Numeric Expressions)Biu thc shc l nhng con s thc, s t nhin... v nhng hm s

c ni kt bi nhng ton tsau:


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Ton tPhp ton( ) Nhm biu thc^ Biu thcho sm, ly tha* , / Nhn, Chia+, - Cng, trSau y l nhng v dvcch tnh cc biu thc sh

giao trinh huong dan su dung autocad 2007

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