giao trinh origin

7/31/2019 Giao Trinh Origin

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Bi ging Origin I HC SPKT HNG YN

CHNG 1

LM QUEN VI PHN MM ORIGIN

I. Phn mm Origin

1. Khi nim

Origin l phn mm h tr cho cc k s v cc nh khoa hc phn tch d liu bng

cch th hin trn cc dng th.

2. Cc tnh nng ca phn mm

Cc u im ca phn mm:

a. S dng mt cch d dng vi giao din ha v cc kiu ca s con.

b. Trao i d liu d dng vi nhiu phn mm x l d liu (Excel, Matlab,

Ladview).

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c. Hin th d liu cn phn tch di cc dng th (Graph) khc nhau mt cch

linh hot mm do. Cc d liu ny c th c ly t nhiu ngun d liu khc

nhau.

d. T ng cp nht cc gi tr

e. H tr lp trnh trn ngn ng C chun (ANSI C).

f. H tr truyn thng thng qua cng COM

Phm vi s dng phn mm:

Hin nay c khong 500 cng ty trn ton cu s dng phn mm Origin trn rt nhiu cc

lnh vc khc nhau.

II. Mi trng lm vic ca Origin

1. Khng gian lm vic ca Origin

a. Menus v cc lnh trn thanh menu

Thanh menu ca Origin cung cp cc lnh thc hin cc thao tc trn ca s ang hotng (ca s m thanh tiu sng) v thc hin cc thao tc chung nh l m tp tin tr

gip hoc bt hin th mt thanh cng c. Thanh menu thay i khi ca s ang hot ng

thay i. V d:

Ca s ang hot ng l WorkSheet (bng biu) th thanh menu l:

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Ca s ang hot ng l ca s Graph ( th) th thanh menu s hin ln nh sau:

Trong mi menu con th cc lnh cng thay i vi tng i tng ca s. V d menuphn tch th Analysis i vi ca s Worksheet l nh sau:

i vi ca s Graph l

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Origin cung cp 2 cp menu, n s quyt nh s lng cc lnh c sn trn thanh

menu. Mc nh Origin cung cp menu y , c ngha l tt c cc lnh trn menu c sn

u c hin th. Tuy nhin Origin cng a ra mc menu rt gn, n cung cp s lng

lnh trn menu t hn nhm thc thi cc thao tc c bn. kch hot menu rt gn ny lachn Format:Menu:Short Menus, hin th menu y th ta chn Format:Menu:Full

Menus.

Mt s cc lnh trn menu c s dng phm tt kt hp, cc phm tt th hin bn pha bn

phi ca lnh. V d m ca s worksheet ta chn CTRL + F5.

Mt s lnh li c gi nhanh bng nt biu tng hnh nh bitmap pha bn tri lnh.

Biu tng hnh nh ny ch ra lnh ca menu v cng l nt lnh trn thanh cng c.

b. Cc thanh cng c Toolbar

Origin cung cp cc nt thanh cng c cho nhng lnh menu thng xuyn c s dng.

Cng nh vi cc lnh trn thanh menu, mt s thanh cng c ch kch hot khi c ca s

thch hp hot ng. Thm na, thanh cng c dng cho nhiu loi ca s c th cha nt lnh

mang nhiu chc nng, mi chc nng tng ng vi mt ca s ang hot ng.

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Khi khi ng Origin ln u tin cc thanh cng c c sn l cc thanh Standard,

Graph, Format, Style, Tools v 2DGraphs. V di y ta s tm hiu tng thanh cng c:

- Thanh Standard

Cung cp cc thao tc m, ghi, to project hay ca s v nhp d liu(import) dng

ASCII. N cng cung cp cc thao tc chung i vi ca s nh l thao tc in, thao tc nhn

i, lm ti cc ca s. Thanh cng c ny cung cp cc nt m ca s Project

Explorer, ca s Result Log, ca s Script v ca s Code Builder. N cng cung cp mt

nt lnh ty chn chng trnh v mt nt lnh thm ct vo worksheet.

- Thanh cng c Graph

Thanh cng c ny s dng cho ca s Graph v Layout ang hot ng. N cung cp

cc nt lnh phng to, thu nh, t li t l cc trc hin th ton b d liu. N cung cp

cc nt lnh hin th d liu v trn nhiu lp, hin th cc lp di nhiu ca s v nt lnh

gp ca s. Cc nt lnh labeling c sn dng cho vic ch gii v th hin gi tr thi gian.

- Thanh cng c nh dng Format

Thanh cng c c kch hot khi mt i tng nhn k t ang c m, n cung cp

cc nt lnh nh dng k t. iu khin mu sc bng thanh cng c Style.

Ch : nt lnh Greek dng cho kiu font Symbol. s dng nt lnh ny cho cc

loi font khc, chn TOOLS:Options m hp thoi Options. La chn tab Text Fonts v

sau la chn font t danh sch Greek.

- Thanh cng c Style

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Thanh cng c ny cung cp cc nt lnh lm vic vi nhn k t, hoc cc ch gii khc

c chn. N cung cp cc nt lnh thit lp ng, mu tri, kiu cch v c im.

Thanh cng c ny cng dng chnh sa cc c tnh ca ng thng, biu tng, ct

v thanh v.

- Thanh cng c Tools

Thanh cng c cung cp cc nt lnh lm vic vi k t, ng mi tn, ng thng v

cc ch gii khc. N cng cung cp cc nt lnh m rng vng ca th, cc nt lnh c

cc v tr X,Y(v Z i vi th 3D hoc th ng mc) trn trang ; v gi tr X,Y(v

Z) cho v tr ca im d liu ; cng c th nh ngha ra mt vng d liu . Ngoi

ra mt nt lnh cung cp v d liu .

Ch : nu hin th mt hnh nh dng ma trn, c th th hin trong mt vng hnh ch

nht bi nt lnh . Ci ny cho php la chn mt vng ct, sao chp, hoc nhn i

i tng. Ni c iu khin bi Tool:Show Tools as ROI.

- Thanh cng c 2D Graph

Thanh cng c ny lm vic vi ca s Worksheet, Excel v Graph ang kch hot. N

cung cp cc nt lnh cho cc mu th 2D ni chung v thm vo mu th ty chnh.- Thanh cng c Edit

Thanh cng c ny cung cp cc nt lnh ct, sao chp, dn d liu.

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- Thanh cng c 2D Graphs Extended

y l thanh cng c v th 2D m rng, n cung cp cc nt lnh cho cc mu th

2D m khng c trn thanh cng c 2D Graphs.

- Thanh cng c 3D Graphs

Trong 2 nt lnh cho th dng XYZ , 4 nt lnh cho th dng XYY

, cc nt lnh dnh cho ma trn

v nt lnh cui cng dng v nh

.

- Thanh cng c 3D Rotation

Thanh cng c ny dng quay th v thay i cc gc quan st i vi th 3D. N

ch hot ng i vi th 3D.

- Thanh cng c Worksheet Data

Thanh cng c ny lm vic vi cc i tng d liu trn worksheet. N cung cp cc nt

lnh thng k cc ct hoc cc hng ca d liu, sp xp, s dng cc chc nng thit lp

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gi tr ct v tnh ton chuyn i d liu, cp nht gi tr cc ct v in cc ct vi s hng

hoc s ngu nhiu.

- Thanh cng c Column

Thanh cng c ny lm vic vi i tng ct c chn trn ca s worksheet. Cung cp

nt lnh thit lp ct ch nh v di chuyn ct.

- Thanh cng c Layout

Thanh cng c ny lm vic vi ca s Layout. N cung cp cc nt lnh thm i tng

th hoc bng biu worksheets ti trang layout.

- Thanh cng c Mask

Thanh cng c ny lm vic vi ca s worksheet hoc ca s graph ang kch hot. N

cung cp cc nt lnh che du d liu t phn tch.

- Thanh cng c Object Edit

Thanh cng c ny lm vic vi cc i tng ch gii c chn trn ca s ang hot

ng hoc khi nhiu i tng c chn trn ca s layout. Cc nt lnh dng cn l cc

i tng c chn v c th thay i th t sp xp cc i tng . Cc nt lnh ccung cp ti mt nhm cc i tng, v vy c th di chuyn hoc cn l c nhm. Thm na

cc nt lnh thay i cc i tng c sp xp lin quan ti d liu v.

- Thanh cng c Arrow

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Thanh cng c ny lm vic vi cc ng thng hoc ng mi tn c chn. N cung

cp cc nt lnh cn l nhiu ng hoc nhiu arrow v ty chnh u mi tn. thm vo hay b i cc nt lnh trn cc thanh cng c mc nh, chn View:Toolbars

thay i.

to mt thanh cng c mi vo View:Toolbars s hin ra ca s

Chn New

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c. Cc kiu ca s

Origin cung cp mt s kiu ca s hin th, phn tch v trnh chiu d liu. Nhng ca

s ny bao gm Worksheet, Matrix, Excelworkbook, Graph, Layoutpage v Notes.

- Ca s worksheet

Chc nng chnh ca ca s worksheet l qun l v t chc d liu, ng thi cung cp

cc cng c s dng, kho st, thng k, phn tch v v th t d liu trn worksheet.

Cc ct trong worksheet quan h vi nhau bi trc ch nh v (nh l ct trc X, ct trc Y)

v v tr ca chng. Vic ch nh ny s quyt nh d liu c v nh th no.

V d ta c bng d liu sau:

Trong ta thy ct A v B to thnh mt cp XY, ct C v D hoc ct C v E to to mt

cp XY na. Chn nt v th 2D nh l nt Line & Symbol ta c hnh sau:

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- Ca s Graph

Ca s Graph ( th) l ni cha v ni chnh sa cc th c to. Mi mt ca s

th cha mt trang chnh sa n. Trang ny ging nh l phn nn cho cc i tng

th khc nhau bao gm cc lp, cc trc, ch gii v d liu v.

C nhiu cch to th trong phng thc d dng nht l ly d liu t worksheet

v chn mt kiu th t menu Plot hoc t thanh cng c Plot v. Nu c ca s th

ri, c th chn v ko d liu t worksheet vo trong ca s th. Di y l hnh nh

th vi nhiu lp d liu.

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- Ca s Layout Page

Ca s Layout Page l mt bng trnh by cc th v cc worksheet c to trn cc

ca s khc. Ta c th thm v sp xp nhng hnh nh th v worksheet trn mt trang

layout cng nh l cc i tng k t v ch gii khc. Hnh di y l giao din mt trang

Layout Page.

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- Ca s Excel Workbook

Excel l mt ca s nhp liu ging nh worksheet. Yu cu Excel phi l phin bn t 7.0

tr ln. V th t d liu Excel cng ging nh l v th t d liu worksheet. Vi ca

s th m ta c th ko th d liu t Excel workbook sang ca s th to th.

- Ca s ma trn

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Ma trn hin th mt data set n cha gi tr Z. Thay v hin th d liu nh mt ct trong

worksheet, ma trn hin th d liu theo chiu c nh v bi cc hng v cc ct. Ma trn l

s nh x tuyn tnh trc X bi cc ct v trc Y bi cc hng. Mc nh s hng, s ct hin

th trong tiu hng v ct. hin th cc gi tr trc X v Y, chn View: Show XY. Hnh

nh di th hin gi tr ma trn trc X v trc Y.

Origin cung cp mt s phng thc chuyn i t d liu trn worksheet sang dng ma

trn. Chng bao gm: direct conversion, 2D binning, converting regular XYZ data, v

converting random XYZ data using gridding. Cc phng thc chuyn i ny c sn

trong menu con Edit:Convert toMatrix.

Khi d liu ma trn ang c m, ta c th to c th 3D, th b mt, th ng

mc v th dng hnh nh.

- Ca s NotesCa s c th ch cha cc k t v ch nhm mc ch cung cp thm thng tin.

- Ca s qun l Project Explorer

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Ca s qun l Project Explorer l cng c h tr t chc mt Project. N c bit c ch

khi ang lm vic vi project. Ta cng c th s dng ca s ny pht trin cu trc mt

th mc qun l cc ca s trong project. N cng c th s dng iu khin hin th

trong khng gian lm vic.

to mt th mc mi, kch phi chut vo phn cy qun l th mc v chn New

Folder. Khi to mt hay nhiu th mc con, ta c th di chuyn ca s gia cc folders.

Thm na thm v di chuyn cc th mc, Project Explorer cng iu khin cc hin th

trong khng gian lm vic. Mc nh, ch nhng ca s trong Project Explorer ang trng

thi kch hot mi hin th trong khng gian lm vic.

iu khin cc ca s hin th trong khng gian lm vic, kch phi chut trn Project

Explorer hoc phi chut vo khong trng trn pha tri ca Project Explorer. Chn View:

View Mode thay i ch hin th.Sau khi t chc cc ca s trong nhiu th mc, hp thoi tm kim Project Explorers

Find s gip tm kim cc ca s ny trong project. m hp thoi, kch chut phi vo

Project Explorer folder. Chn Find. Nu khng chc v tr ca s nm u trong cu trc

Project Explorer, kch phi chut ln phn chnh ca th mc project v chn Find.

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Nt trn thanh Standard dng n hin ca s Project Explorer.

- Ca s Result Log

Origin t ng chuyn hu ht kt qu iu chnh v phn tch ti ca s Result Log.Trong hu ht cc trng hp, khi kt qu c xut ra ca s Result Log, n m mt cch t

ng. Tuy nhin, ng hoc m ca s Result Log bng tay, kch vo nt trn thanh

cng c Standard. M v ng ca s Result Log ch cn iu khin trng thi hin th ca n.

Kt qu khng b mt khi ng ca s ny vo.

Mi mt kt qu trong ca s Results Log bao gm phiu ngy/thng, tn ca s, con s

ngy thng, cc kiu tnh ton phn tch v kt qu.

C th kch chut phi vo ca s Results Log m menu rt gn vi cc lnh sao chp,

in, xa sch v hin th thm vo kt qu.

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- Ca s Code Builder

Ngn ng lp trnh trong Origin c gi l Origin C. Origin C c h tr gn nh honton cu cc ngn ng ANSI C cng nh l nhng c tnh ca C++ bao gm cc lp ni hm

v cc lp m rng DLL. Thm na Origin C l Origin aware. iu ny c ngha l cc i

tng ca Origin nh l worksheet, graph c nh x ti cc lp trong Origin C, cho php

thao tc trc tip trn cc i tng ny v cc thuc tnh ca chng t Origin C. Mi trng

pht trin c tch hp sn ca Origin C c gi l Code Builder.

m ca s Code Builder, kch vo nt trn thanh Standard. Code Builder cungcp cc cng c vit, bin dch v chy kim sot li cc hm ca Origin C. Khi mt hm

Origin C c bin dch, hm ny c th tip cn c t Origin.

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- Ca s Script

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Ca s Script sn sng thc thi cc lnh trn LabTalk. LabTalk l ngn ng chng trnh

u tin ca Origin. N c h tr t phin bn Origin 7.5 tr ln. Tuy nhin, Origin 7.0

c gii thiu ngn ng lp trnh Origin C. Nhng ngc li LabTalk script c bin dch

trong qu trnh thc thi bi Origin, m Origin C c bin dch theo kiu nh dng byte v v

vy n s thc thi nhanh hn LabTalk.

Origin C l ngn ng lp trnh c a thch hn trong Origin 7.5 nhng LabTalk li rt c

ch trong nhng tnh ton n gin ni m tc khng b gii hn. Thm na, c th gi cc

hm Origin C nhn nhng kiu d liu c bn nh l dng double v string s dng cc lnh

LabTalk. Nhng lnh ny c th c thc thi t ca s Script hoc t nhiu ni khc c

h tr LabTalk script (nh l macros, OGS files, cc i tng nt,)

Nt m ca s Script. Ch rng khi ghi li project, ni dung ca ca s khng

c ghi cng.

2. Origin Project Files

M mt project mi.

ghi i tng Origin File:Save Project

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Origin t ng to mt bn d phng ca project hin hnh c ghi trc khi ghi

li. Origin i tn tp tin ghi thnh BACKUP.OPJ v sau ghi li nhng thay i

s dng tn tp tin c ch nh. c im t ng cp nhp ny c thit lp trong

tab Open:Close ca hp thoi Options.

Ta c th la chn cc i tng hin th trong Origin.OPJ hoc khng i tng no

vi None. Nu chn ORIGIN.OPJ bao gm mt worksheet v mt ca s graph. Cas th c cu hnh hin th d liu vi ct A tng ng vi gi tr X, ct B

tng ng vi gi tr Y mt cch t ng, sau c th thm (nhp hoc enter) d liu

vo trong cc ct ca worksheet. C th ty chnh trong tp tin Origin.OPJ v ghi li.

Sau chn OK trong hp thoi Options, s c hi l mun ghi li thit lp ny cho

nhng ln sau khng.

M mt project tn ti.

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m nhiu hn mt project ti cng mt thi im phi khi ng n ln trong

Origin.

thm ni dung t mt project khc vo project hin ti ta chn Tp tin:Append

hoc kch chut phi trn Project Explorer folder chn Append Project.

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Sau khi chn xong, Origin s hin th mt thng bo nhc nh l mun thm ni dung ti

mt project mi trong mt th mc mi qun l trn Project Explorer hay thm vo project

hin hnh. Khi thm vo bng cch ny c th c 2 ca s trng tn. Khi ca s m c

thm vo s c i tn bng cch thm ch A ng trc tn.

3. Ca s Project

M mt ca s mi

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i tn ca s

n ca s

Xa mt ca s

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Lm ti ca s

Nhn i ca s

Tn mc nh i vi mt ca s

ui m rng cc ca s

M mt ca s t mt tp tin , m trang Excel .

4. Window Templates

C 3 kiu ca s to Templates l ca s worksheet, graph, v ma trn, to chng ta c

nhn vo cc nt trn thanh cng c Standard , , . ui m rng

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Cc th mu c xy dng sn c th truy cp t cc nt cng c sau:

Origin cng cung cp mt cng c th vin mu nhm t chc v truy nhp cc th

mu. m cng c ny (khi mt worksheet hoc Excel workbook ang c kch hot) chn

Plot:Template Library.

Template Library cng dng v d liu. Chn d liu cn v trn worksheet hoc trn

workbook, sau m hp thoi Template Library v chn cc thnh phn mu kt hp to

ra th theo mun.

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Hp thoi ny cng dng to ra mt mu th mi da trn nhng th mu c.

to th mu mi ta cng lm nh trn sau ghi li th ny di dng mu. Khi ghi

li theo dng mu th d liu s khng c ghi cng vi mu th.

5. Themes

Themes l mt c im mi ca phin bn Origin (Pro) 7.5. Themes c ng dng cho

ca s th. Khi nim Themes khc vi khi nim Template bi v n chn cc kiu (style)

v cc nh dng (format) p dng ti bt k th no. Themes c ghi li vi ui l

(*.OTH). Themes c qun l bi Theme Gallery.

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CHNG 2

BNG BIU

I. Lm vic vi ca s Worksheet

1. M mt ca s worksheet mi

File:New hoc kch nt New Project trn thanh cng c Standard m project

mi.

2. Bin i gi tr ct

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Origin cung cp chc nng s dng cc hm tnh ton to ra gi tr mt ct t cc ct

cho trc. Ta c th thm hm tnh ton bng cch s dng ngn ng lp trnh Origin C. Hp

thoi tnh ton nh sau:

V d ta lm nh sau:

Thm mt ct vo worksheet bng cch kch vo tiu ct Depth, t menu chn

Edit:Insert ta s c mt ct rng vo th.

Kch p trn tiu ct mi m hp thoi Worksheet Column Format

i tn ct va thm vo l TimeMin v nhn OK.

Kch phi chut ln tiu ct TimeMin(Y) v chn Set Column Valuesm ra

hp thoi.

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Trong text box Col(TimeMin)= nh Col(TimeMin)=

Tch vo chn AutoUpdate v nhn OK.

Ct TimeMin s bng gi tr ct Time chia 60. Kt qu ct TimeMin s l

Nu tch vo checkbox cp nht nm pha di ca hp thoi th biu tng kha

s chuyn san mu vng v khi gi tr ct TimeMin s t ng cp nht theo gi

tr ct Time.

Kch phi chut vo ct Time(Y), chn Set Column Values v trong text box

nh Col(Time)= col(Time)+100. Ta c kt qu:

3. Sp xp d liu

Origin c th sp xp d liu trn cc ct c lp, nhiu ct hay trn ton b worksheet.

D liu c sp xp theo th t u tin la chn ct sp xp.

V d sp xp d liu cho bng d liu trn ta lm nh sau: Gi phm CTRL v chn tt c cc ct trn worksheet tr ct c biu tng kha

TimeMin(Y). Ct ny b loi tr bi v gi tr ca ct ny ph thuc vo gi tr ca

ct khc trong bng.

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Kch vo nt sp xp trn thanh cng c Worksheet Data v m hp thoi

Nested Sort.

Chn DEPTH t danh sch Selected Columns, sau kch nt .

Ct ny c thm vo danh sch Nested Sort Criteria. iu ny c ngha l d

liu c sp xp tng dn theo gi tr ct DEPTH v ct ny l kha chnh sp

xp.

Chn STN t danh sch Selected Columns v chn . iu ny c

ngha l ct STN c la chn lm ct kha sp xp th 2.

II. Nhp d liu bng Winzard

1. Chn tp tin d liu nhp

la chn mt tp tin nhp ta lm v d sau:

Kch vo nt New Project trn thanh toolbar m mt project mi.

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Chn Tp tin:Import:Import Winzard m ca s Import Winzard.

Chn kiu d liu ASCII trong nhm Data Type.

Chn nt hp text v chn mt tp tin a dng dn ti tp tin c

nhp (Tutorial_ASCII.DAT).

2. Cc ty chnh thit lp nhp

Chn Next n hp thoi ty chnh Header Lines l ni cha cc chc nng th hin

cc dng d liu c bin dch nh th no. Origin to sn d kin mc nh da trn nh

dng tp tin a vo. V c th thay i cc iu kin ny trn cc list box u trang. V

m bo Define Header Variables c check.

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Kch Next tip tc vi trang Header Variables. Danh sch cc bin trong na trang

di s c cp nhp th hin cc bin v cc gi tr chui ca n t on u trang.

Nhng bin ny s c ghi li trong worksheet khi qu trnh nhp hon thnh. Chng ta s

s dng chng ghi nhn th.

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Kch Next 3 ln n trang Save Filters. Trong trang ny chng ta s ghi li cc thit lp

hin ti ti Origin Import Filter File (*.OIF)

3. Lu li cc chc nng nh mt b lc

Origin Import Filter File (*.OIF) cho php ghi li cc thit lp t Import Winzard, v vy

c th nhp tp tin ny hoc cc tp tin tng t trong tng lai m khng cn ch nh li cc

thng s.

ghi li cc thit lp ny ta lm nh sau:

Chn Save Filter

Chn nt In the User Files Folder

t tn vo hp Filter Name

Trong hp Wildcards enter (Tutorial*.dat)

B la chn trong checkbox Specify Advanced Filter Options. Tp tin ASCII s

c nhp vo worksheet Data1

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Ch : Tn ct phi vit lin.

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CHNG 3

MA TRN

I. Gii thiu v ma trn trong Origin

C 2 kiu cu trc d liu chnh trong Origin l d liu trn worksheet v d liu trn

matrix (ma trn). Hu ht mi ngi hiu d liu trn worksheet nhng nhiu ngi khng

hiu d liu lu trn ma trn. D liu lu trn worksheet c th to c bt k th dng 2D

no v mt s kiu th 3D nhng to th 3D Surface hoc 3D Contour th phi s

dng d liu lu dng ma trn.

Ma trn c cc ct nh s c nh x ti khng gian tuyn tnh gi tr X v cc hng

c nh s nh x ti khng gian tuyn tnh gi tr Y. c th hin th gi tr X v Y

trong cc ct v hng ma trn bng cch chn View:Show X/Y. Mi gi tr trong ma trntrnh by mt gi tr Z ci m nh v trong mt phng XY bi ca gi tr X (quyt nh bi

ct ca n) v bi ca gi tr Y (quyt nh bi cc hng ca n).

1. XY nh x trong mt ma trn

bit thm v XY nh x trong mt ma trn ta lm v d sau:

1. Kch nt New Matrix trn thanh Standard toolbar to ra mt ma trn rng.

2. Chn Matrix:Set Dimensions ch nh kch thc v h ta .

3. Nhp cc thng s nh hnh v sau:

4. Kch OK to ra mt ma trn bao gm 21 hng v 21 ct.

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5. T menu Origin chn View:Show X/Y.

6. S dng thanh cun trong khong t -10 n 10.

7. Chn Matrix:Set Values m hp thoi Set Matrix Values

2. To th ng mc 3D t gi tr ma trn

Chn Plot:Contour Plot:Contour-Color Fill to th ng ng mc ca d liu

ma trn. Ch t l X, Y (-10 n 10) trn kt qu th.

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II. Chuyn i d liu t worksheet sang dng ma trn

Trong nhiu trng hp, nhng khng phi l tt c, cc s liu s khng c lu ging

nh mt bng biu hay bng tnh ca cc gi tr Z m s c lu trong bng tnh ca b 3 gi

tr X, Y, Z. Khi phi chuyn i d liu sang dng ma trn vi gi tr Z trc khi to th

b mt 3D hoc th ng mc.

hiu r vn ta lm mt v d sau:

1. Nhp d liu dng ASCII ta c bng d liu sau

2. Mc nh, khi tp tin d liu c nhp, cc ct c thm vo worksheet nh l

ct gi tr Y. chuyn i d liu trong worksheet sang ma trn n phi nh dng

kiu XYZ. Gi li thay i ct ch nh theo 2 cch:

+ Kch p trn tiu ct trn worksheet m hp thoi Worksheet

Column Format.

+ Kch phi chut trn tiu ct v chn Set As (X, Y, Z)

thay i ct ch nh ta kch chut phi ln tiu ct C(Y), chn Set As:Z. Ct C

c ch nh l ct gi tr Z.

III. La chn cc kiu chuyn iOrigin cung cp mt vi phng thc chuyn i d liu t worksheet sang ma trn,

bao gm Direct, expand column, 2D binning, regular XYZ v random XYZ. Cc phng thc

ny c la chn da trn loi d liu trn worksheet. C th l:

1. Direct Conversion

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Mt nh dng chung cho d liu dng XYZ l c gi tr X nm ct u tin bn tri, ct

gi tr Y l ct tip theo v gi tr ct Z t ct tip theo na n ct th N, hng th 2 n hng

th M. Nu d liu trn bng biu hoc bng tnh Excel c t chc theo cch ny th nn

dng Direct Conversion.

2. Expand Columns

C th c nhiu trng hp mn hnh son tho s dng to tp tin ASCII b hn ch

bi s lng k t cho php trn mt dng n. Hn ch ny c th thm ch t hn s ct

c yu cu trn ma trn. khc phc iu ny, mt hng trn ma trn c th c lu tr

trong nhiu hng ca tp tin ASCII. Sau khi kiu d liu ny c nhp vo bng biu,

phng thc Expand Columns s sao chp s hng trn bng biu ci m ch ra vo hng u

tin ca ma trn. Origin lp li qu trnh ny chuyn i ton b cc hng trong bng biu.

3. 2D Binning

Phng thc ny dng cho d liu dng XY (to mt ci m cc im d liu thng

xuyn ang gim trong phm vi XY cho ) v lu tr s lng m c nh gi tr Z trn

ma trn.

4. Regular XYZ

Dnh cho d liu bng biu XYZ vi iu kin l mi gi tr X phi c s gi tr Y nh

th, mi gi tr Y phi c s gi tr X nh th v s d liu X,Y phi bng nhau.5. Sparse XYZ

Phng thc ny chuyn i t d liu XYZ thng thng sang d liu ma trn bng

cch thiu gi tr cho cp gi tr X, Y.

6. Random XYZ

Nu d liu bng biu khng c kiu no c cp bn trn th n c th s dng kiu

random data. Chuyn i theo kiu ny l cch gi li vung. Origin a ra mt s phng

php dng li vung bao gm phng php Renka v Cline v bin i ca phng phpShepard. Tt c cc phng php ny c cung cp bi NAG C Library eo1 Interpolation.

Nh hu ht, s s dng kiu Regular XYZ hoc kiu Random XYZ chuyn i. C

mt cch kim tra n gin m c th dng quyt nh la chn phng thc ph hp nht.

Gii php ny l ch chn ct X v ct Y trong bng biu gi tr XYZ v v d liu XY di

dng th Scatter. Nu kt qu v ging nh l vn cy n qu (ngha l mi im l mt

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cy), c th la chn kiu Regular XYZ. Nu kt qu hin th khng nh thng thng th

chn Random XYZ.

Vi bng d liu c v theo kiu Scatter hin th nh sau:

R rng d liu ca chng ta kch thc X, Y c khong cch khng bnh thng. Cho nn

ta s s dng kiu convert Random XYZ. chuyn i sang dng ma trn ta lm cc bc

sau:

1. Chn tiu ct C(Z)

2. Chn Edit:Convert to Matrix:Random XYZ.

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3. Chn kiu Renka-Cline v tch vo Show Plot. Chn Apply.

th c th hin vi d liu th nh l hnh v di y vi kiu v Scatter v vi li

vung 3D Wire Frame. Vic t d liu th trn cng li vung cho php nhanh chng

truy xut mt cch hiu qu.

Bn c th chn mt s phng thc th hin khc so snh. Vi v d ny phng thc

Renka-Cline l ph hp nht.

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CHNG 4

TH

I. Cc thao tc v th

th trong Origin bao gm hu ht l th 2D v mt s kiu th 3D. to mt

th n gin bao gm 2 bc sau:

(1)Chn d liu trn worksheet

(2)Kch vo biu tng mt kiu th trn thanh cng c v.

Khi la chn v v nhiu dataset s dng cch thc ny, Origin t ng nhm d liu li

v tng cc thuc tnh nh l cc kiu biu tng, mu sc phn bit cc i tng v c

lp.

Ta s s dng d liu trn v th1. V th

1. t v tr con tr gc trn bn tri ca worksheet nh hnh v, kch chut tri

chn ton b worksheet.

2. Kch nt biu tng v th trn thanh cng c 2D Graphs v d nh th 2D

dng Line + Symbol ta c hnh sau:

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2. iu tiu trn mt vng th

nhn r hn mt vng nh trn th, Origin cung cp mt vi cng c lm vic

ny, l cng c Enlarger. Cng c ny t ng chnh li t l cc trc ca th ch th

hin vng c chn.

khuch i vng c chn s dng cng c Enlarger ta lm nh sau:

Kch vo nt phng to trn thanh cng c Tools.

S dng con tr kch phng i, n chut tri xung v ko mt hp bao quanh

vng mun xem (gn X = 1.5) trn ca s th. Nh chut hon thnh thao

tc.

Nu nt cng c Enlarger khng c sn th vo View:Toolbars..., chn tab

Toolbars, tch chn hay khng chn hin th hay khng hin th cc thanhcng c.

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Sau khi hon thnh thao tc ta c

v li chn nt thu nh

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II. Cc hp thoi thit lp th

Hp thoi thit lp th cung cp mt giao din mm do thm vo hoc xa b data

set t ca s th. thm hoc b i bt k data set no trong project v ta c th lm iu

ny m khng cn thay i ct ch nh v (ct X, Y, error bar, label,). Thm na c th ch

nh kiu v v vng d liu v bng cch s dng hp thoi Plot Setup.

Hp thoi ny c th m bng nhiu cch:

- Kch vo mt nt cng c trn thanh toolbar hoc chn mt kiu v t

menu Plot m khng cn chn bt k d liu no.

- Kch chut phi trn ca s th v chn Plot Setup

- Vi ca s th ang kch hot chn Graph:Add Plot to Layer

1. To th mi

To th mi t mt d liu c sn vi 3 bng d liu, m hp thoi Plot Setup ta c

nh sau:

Chn lp d liu, chn kiu v, chn cc trc nh hnh v

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Ta s c th nh sau:

2. Chnh sa th tn ti

chnh sa th tn ti ta ch vic chnh sa cc thng s trn hp thoi Plot Setup.

S dng cc nt v n hin cc phn ca hp thoi Plot Setup.

3. V th t nhiu bng biu

Nh ta nhn thy trn c 3 worksheet, vi mi worksheet ta s to ra mt lp trn th

bng cch thm lp vo th nh hnh v sau

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Vi Layer 1 to t worksheet 1, layer 2 to t worksheet 2 ta c th 2 lp nh sau:

III. Ty chnh nhm d liu v

Ta c th d dng thay i hu ht cc thnh phn ha bng cch ch vo thnh phn

v kch p. Hu ht cc thnh phn c th ty chnh trong hp thoi Plot Detail. Nhng tab

trong hp thoi ny cho php ty chnh mi hnh thi ca th ngoi tr cc trc th v i

tng nhn k t.

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Ta c th ghi li cc chnh sa ny nh l mt mu Template hoc mt Themes.

Hp thoi chia ra lm 2 phn chnh l: pha tri cung cp lc cy vi cc thnh phn

chnh: Graph>Layer(s)>Data set(s); pha bn phi l cc tab x l cc chc nng nh dng

cho cc thnh phn: page, layer, data set v im d liu.

Hng dn thay i cc chc nng nh dng. Khi la chn nhiu data set v v chng trn

cng mt lp, Origin t ng to nhm cc d liu li.

Thay i mu sc, biu tng ca cc ng th

La chn data set lm vic

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IV. Ty chnh cc trc th

Ty chnh cc trc bng cch kch p vo tn cc trc trn th.

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1. Kch p vo trc X ca th v thit lp cc thng s nh hnh sau:

2. Ta c hnh v nh sau

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V. Thm k t vo th

Thm k t vo th

Chut phi ln nn ca s th chn Add Text hoc chn nt trn thanh cng

c Tools.

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Mun thot khi nh k t ch cn kch chut ra ngoi khong hoc n ESC.

Kch vo v tr c k t th k t s li c chn.

Tng kch thc ch bng cch ko rng ch ch hoc tng c ch.

Kch vo nt Date & Time trn thanh Graph thm phiu ch ngy thng vo

th.

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Trong project hin ti bao gm mt worksheet, mt ca s th v d liu tt c cng

c hin th. Tt c cc ca s v d liu ny c lu tr trong tp tin ca Origin khi

ghi li bng project. Chn nt trn thanh Standard hoc chn File:Save ghi

li. Chn File:Save As ghi ra tn mt tp tin khc.

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CHNG 5

TO MU

I. Template

Ch c 3 loi ca s to c mu bao gm:

1. To mu cho ma trn v worksheet

Worksheet v ma trn l ni cha d liu c hp thoi chnh sa tng i ging nhau.

m hp thoi thuc tnh ny ch cn kch p vo gc pha trn bn tri ca ca s ma trn hay

worksheet. Khi hp thoi Worksheet Display Control i vi ca s worksheet v

Matrix Display Control i vi ca s ma trn.

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Kch vo nt Page Color m hp thoi. Hp thoi ny c cc chc nng t mu nn

cho worksheet.

Kch p vo ct A (X) trn worksheet m hp thoi Worksheet Column Format.

Hp thoi ny c th s dng thit lp trc cc kiu v cho chn v kch v v iu khin

mt s nh dng cho mc ch hin th.

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T menu chn File:Save Template As ghi li tp tin mu. Nu ghi ln tp tin tn

ti l ORIGIN.OTW hoc ORIGIN.OTM, nhng mu ny s c s dng bt c khi

noOrigin m mt mt ca s worksheet hoc ma trn mi.

Cc thuc tnh ca ma trn

Hp thoi cc thuc tnh ca ma trn iu khin mt s nh dng hin th nh l rng

ct v lu tr d liu ban u.

Cc kch thc ca ma trn

Hp thoi ny quyt nh bao nhiu d liu c lu tr trong ma trn (s hng v ct)

nh l ma trn nh x cho mc ch v. S ct ca ma trn nh x tuyn tnh ti vng gi tr X

t ct u tin n ct cui cng. Cc hng ca ma trn nh x tuyn tnh ti vng gi tr Y

cng t hng u tin n hng cui cng. Cc gi tr X, Y ny c dng v gi tr Z chatrong mi .

Gi tr ca ma trn (Set Matrix Values)

Hp thoi ny cho php nh ngha mt lng b sai cho thit lp gi tr Z (gi tr ) s

dng hoc h ta XY hoc s dng s lng hng i ct j nh cc tham chiu.

2. To mu th

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3. S dng templates

C 3 cch chnh gi mt template

+ T Template Library (i vi graph template)

+ T File:New...(i vi bt k kiu template no)

+ T LabTalk hoc m chng trnh Origin C (bt k kiu template no)

II. Themes

Theme cung cp mt phng thc ng dng mt b cc chc nng nh dng c nh

ngha trc nh l i tng, d liu v, ca s th hoc mt thit lp ca cc ca s th.

N khc vi Template l n c th ly mu tng phn thay v ly mu ton phn (ton ni

dung ca s) nh l Template.

1. To v ng dng mt theme

Bn c th to Theme mi bng cch sao chp t mt biu hin hnh hoc

mt Theme hoc bng cch thm mt Theme mi v xy dng n thnh mt thnh phn ti

mt thi im.

Mt Theme c th bao gm bt k thnh phn no trn th hoc tt c cc thnh phn

trn lp th.

Kch phi chut trn ca s th to Theme t th.

Chn Save Format as Theme lu li mt bn sao ca Theme ti tp tin.

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2. Theme Gallery v System theme

Chn Format: Theme Gallery hoc n F7 m hp thoi Thm Gallery.

3. Chnh sa mt theme

Kch p ln ct gi tr Y m hp thoi Plot Detail

Chnh sa li cc hnh thi th nh mong mun

Nhn OK ng hp thoi li

Nhn F7 m Theme Gallery

Chn i tng mun to theme

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Kch nt biu tng Apply Theme

ng Theme Gallery li

ghi li cc thay i trn th kch chut phi trn th v chn Save

Format as Theme

CHNG 6

TRNH DIN, IN N V XUT TH

I. Lm vic vi ca s trnh din Layout

Ca s Layout cung cp nn hin th v sp xp nhng hnh nh ca worksheet v

th t nhng ca s khc trong project, cng nh l k t v ch gii. Ca s Layout ch c tc

dng trnh din d liu.Trong chng ny ta s hc cch thm vo v sp xp cc thnh phn khc nhau trn trang

layout, lm th no chnh sa cc thnh phn ca trang layout v lm th no xut trang

layout ra cc dng nh khc.

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1. Thm th, worksheet v k t ti trang Layout

Hnh nh ca th v cc bng biu worksheet c thm vo trang layout bng cch

kch vo cc nt trn thanh toolbar Layout, hoc bng cch chn kt hp vi cc lnh trn

menu. K t c th c thm vo vi cng c Text hoc bng dn t Clipboard. Cc dng m

hnh, cc ng thng v cc ng mi tn c th c thm s dng cng c v t thanh

Tools.

hiu thm ta lm v d sau:

M mt project tn ti theo ng dn \Samples\Graphing\Statistical Graphs, chn

project Histogram.OPJ.

Bn s thy ca s ch v biu trong ca s th. Cc tp tin ca project cha trong

cc ca s khc nhau trong cc th mc khc nhau th hin trn Project Explorer.

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Nu trang layout c hin th theo chiu ngang, kch chut phi ln vng mu xm ngoi

trang layout (nhng bn trong ca s layout) v chn Rotate Page th trang layout s hin th

theo chiu dc.3. Thm i tng hnh nh ti trang Layout

Bn c th thm cc hnh nh ca bt k worksheet hay th no t project hin ti vo

trang layout. Hy nh rng khi lm vic vi chng, chng ch l cc hnh nh. th v

worksheet trn ca s layout khng th chnh sa trc tip. Nu mun thay i mt s chi tit

ca hnh nh thm n vo ca s layout (v d nh l ng mu, hay gi tr cc

worksheet), phi to s thay i trong ngun ca s. Sau khi to s thay i, kch hot ca s

layout v kch vo nt Refresh . iu ny s cp nht hnh nh ti ca s layout.

thm hnh nh ca th v worksheet ti trang layout ta lm nh sau:

1. Kch chut phi trn trang layout (khng kch trn vng mu xm ngoi trang) v chn

Add Graph.

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2. Chn HistGraph t list box trn hp thoi Select Graph Object v chn OK.

3. Ko ra ngoi mt hp na phn di ca trang layout. Sau ri con chut ra, hnh

nh ca th HistGraph hin th trn trang layout.

Khi hnh nh th c chn, c th ko nh ti mt v tr mi hoc s dng thay i

kch thc.

4. Kch chut phi trn vng trng ca trang layout v chn Add Worksheet5. Chn Bin 1 t danh sch trong hp thoi Select Worksheet Object v chn OK.

6. Ko ra ngoi hp trong na phn trn ca trang, di chuyn khng gian pha trn

t tiu .

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Sau khi thm hnh nh worksheet ti trang layout, n c th hin th mt vng trng ti ct

cui cng bn phi v n c th bao gm mt s dng worksheet trng.

loi b khong trng t hnh nh worksheet

+ Kch phi chut trn hnh nh worksheet trn trang layout v chn Keep AspectRatio. iu ny s loi b s la chn.

+ Ko mt iu khin bng tay trn gc phi ca worksheet v vy ch nhng hng c

gi tr mi hin th.

+ t li v tr ca worksheet trn trang layout

+ Kch ln pha ngoi ca worksheet nhng bn trong trang layout hy s la chn.

thm k t ti trang layout s dng cng c text

1. Trn thanh Tools, chn nt Text Tool

2. Kch vo pha trn worksheet trong trang layout

3. Trc khi bt u nh ch, chn thanh cng c Format nh dng

4. nh ch Histogram Data

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5. Kch ra pha ngoi nh k t hy vic chnh sa k t.

4. Ty chnh s xut hin ca trang Layout

Phn ny s iu chnh mt cch kho lo v tr hin th ca cc hnh nh trn trang layout.

Thm na s thay i ngun ca s th thay i s xut hin ca cc hnh nh trn trang

layout.

C mt vi cc sp xp trn trang. c th ko cc hnh nh v c lng cc v tr bng

mt, s dng thanh cng c Object Edit cn l v nhm cc i tng, hoc c th hin th

li trn trang layout (View:Show Grid) v cn l s dng cc ng li nh l cc ng

ch dn.

+ Nu thanh cng c Object Edit cha c m th chn View:Toolbars , chn check box

Object Edit v sau ng li.

+ Kch vo ch Histogram Data chnh sa.

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+ Gi SHIFT v kch ln hnh nh worksheet v hnh nh th. Tt c 3 i tng ang

c chn.

+ Kch vo nt Vertical trn thanh cng c Object Edit. Cc i tng c cn

gia theo i tng c la chn cui cng ( y l i tng th).+ Kch trn trang layout nhng ngoi cc i tng hy chn.

5. Chnh sa nh trong trang Layout

Ta s khng chnh sa i tng worksheet v i tng th mt cch trc tip trn

trang layout. Thay v vy chnh sa trn ca s ngun v cp nht ln layout. Origin cung cp

cc lnh a i tng worksheet v i tng th ti ca s ngun ca n.

chnh sa mt ca s ngun t trang layout ta lm v d sau:

Kch phi chut ln biu trn trang layout

T menu shortcut chn Go To Window. Origin s kch hot ca s HistGraph.

Kch phi chut trn biu v chn Plot Details t menu shortcut m hp thoi

ny.

Chn tab Data

B check box Automatic Binning.

Trong Bin Size nh 5 v kch OK.

Kch p trn trc Y ca ca s HistGraph. M hp thoi lm vic vi trc Y.

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b hy. V vy cc kch thc ca tp tin raster c iu khin bi phn gii ca thit b

hin th, n l 96 dpi i vi hin th video hoc 1200 dpi i vi my in.

Ch : nh dng raster ni chung l BMP, TIF, JPG, GIF, PNG v TGA. nh dng ny

tt cho nhng th sao li vi chi tit ng k v mu sc bin thin. Chng khng c kh

nng thay i cao, s thay i t l thng lm mt i chi tit v mu sc. Nhng nh

dng ny c th a ra mt tp tin vi kch thc ln khi phn gii cao v mu sc cn

thit.

xut tp tin nh dng vector mt cch nhanh nht hy m hp thoi Options v chn

tab Page thit lp:

Trong hu ht cc trng hp, ch cn quan tm n cc thit lp Ratio, Margin Control

v Clip Border Width.

+ Hp Ratio ch nh kch thc cho nh c xut ra theo t l phn trm ca kch thc

trang th. Bn c th chn mt s t list tri xung kt hp hoc c th nh trc tip trn

hp text box. Hp ny nh s 100 th khi xut ra nh s c kch thc ng nh l kch thc

ca trang th; tng t nu nh s 50 th nh in ra s c kch thc bng mt na kch

thc tht ca trang.+ Danh sch Margin Control cho bit khong l cch ra so vi th hoc so vi trang

nh. C 3 la chn l Border, Tight v Page. Vi la chn Border, Origin s dng Clip

Border Width quyt nh rng ca l. Nu chn Tight, Origin s v hnh ch nht nh

nht c th bao quanh tt c cc i tng trong th hoc trong trang layout v xut ra ch

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nhng ci g bn trong hnh ch nht y. iu ny lm ti thiu ha khong trng. Nu chn

Page, Origin s xut trang m rng- l bt c ci g nm trong vng nn trng ca trang hoc

ca ca s layout. iu ny s lm ti a ha khong trng.

+ Hp combo box Clip Border Width, phi hp vi Margin Control = Border ch ra

khong l so vi th hoc cc i tng trang layout, nh l t l phn trm vi kch thc

trang.

Ch n Ratio v thit lp rng Margin Control/Border s cho hu ht cc trng

hp. Bn c th c khuyn l b check nt Advanced v Set Resolution ti im 300

(hoc c th 600).

xut trang layout nh mt tp tin Encapsulated PostScript

+ Hy chc rng trang layout ang kch hot. Chn Tp tin:Export Page. Hp thoai Save

As m, t tn v chn kiu xut ra nh hnh di:

Mi kiu tp tin xut ra u c thit lp cc thng s trong Export Options (gn lin

vi phn gii, mt mu sc,...). Nu mun hin th hoc sa i cc thng s ny phi

vo hp thoi Show Export Options pha di ca hp thoi Save As.

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+ Chn check box Show Export Options.

+ Ch nh th mc ghi li v chn Save.

N s m ra mt thng bo nhc nh rng trang thit lp Copy/Export c s dng

quyt nh kch thc v l ca nh EPS. Chn OK ng thng bo vo. Hp thoi EPS

Options m ra.

Trong hu ht cc trng hp, nhng thit lp mc nh ny s lm vic tt, nhng c th

thay i khi cn thit (khi s to ra thit lp mc nh mi).

Ch : khi chc chn vi cc thit lp ca mnh ri th c th b check Show Export

Options.

Mt iu d dng khi lm vic vi tp tin EPS l to mt nh TIFF (.TIF). Mt s ng

dng khng hin th tp tin EPS v thay vo l hin th mt hnh nh gi ch. Nu chn

mt nh TIFF hin th, ng dng thu nhn c th dng tp tin TIF c gn hin th nh.

+ Trong nhm Preview, chn nt TIFF nu n ang khng c chn.

+ Chn OK.

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Trang layout c xut ra dng tp tin EPS v c th c chn vo bt k ng dng no

c kiu tp tin ny. Nu dng Photoshop hoc Ghostview th nn s dng phn mm m

kiu tp tin ny.

CHNG 7

LM QUEN VI MI TRNG LP TRNH TRONG ORIGIN

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I. Lm quen vi gian din lp trnh

Origin C h tr gn nh hon ton c php ngn ng lp trnh ANSI C cng nh l mt tp

con cc i tng ca C++ bao gm cc lp ni hm v cc lp m rng DLL. Thm na,

Origin C l Origin aware. iu ny c ngha l cc i tng ca Origin v d nh l

worksheet, graph c nh x ti Origin C, cho php s dng trc tip cc i tng ny v

cc thuc tnh ca chng t Origin C.

Mi trng pht trin c tch hp ca Origin C (IDE) c gi l Code Builder. Code

Builder cung cp cc cng c chun vit, bin dch v chy li chng trnh Origin C. Khi

mt chc nng ca Origin C c bin dch, cc chc nng ny c th c gi rt nhiu cch

khc nhau t Origin hoc t khng gian Code Builder.

hiu r hn v phn ny ta lm v d Hello World!

II. To mt v d n gin

Trn thanh cng c Origin Standard, kch vo nt Code Builder .

Trn thanh cng c Code Builder chn nt New m giao din g m.

Trong hp thoi New File, chn C File.

Trong hp k t File Name, nh tn Tutorial

Trong hp k t Location, chn ng dn lu li. Chn OK

nh dng m sau vo sau dng// start your functions here

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o void test ()

o {

printf(Hello World!!!\n);

o }

Chn nt Build bin dch chng trnh

gi chc nng ny, kch vo pha trn ca phn LabTalk Console. Mc nh n

c t gc di bn phi ca khng gian Code Builder (Chn View:LabTalk

Console hin th phn ny nu n cha c hin th)

nh tn hm va bin dch vo phn ca s LabTalk Console gi chng trnh:

test. Sau nhn ENTER.

kim tra chc nng ny trong ca s Script ta lm nh sau:

tr li kt qu ra khng gian Origin ta chn Window:Script Window m

ca s Script.

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Trong ca s Script nh tn hm:

test

V nhn ENTER ta c kt qu nh hnh sau.

giao trinh origin

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