giao trinh sketch up

Hng dn s dng SketchUp 5.0 M u Trang 1

1. V tp ti liu ny

Cng nh cc ti liu tham kho phn mm tin hc hin nay, ti ch l ngi bin son ch khng phi tc gi. Mong kin ng gp ca cc bn ti liu tt hn.

Ti liu c bin son da trn

Help File, Tutorial, Video Tutorial ca SketchUp 5.0. Kinh nghim thc t.

Quan nim trnh by

Ti liu bin son trong ng cnh ca ngnh kin trc. Ngn gn! Nhng kin thc cn bn s c lt qua.

Chng hn ai cng bit mt cng c c th kch hot t Thanh cng c, Thanh menu hoc Phm tt. Ti cung cp phng php cn hng i l ca cc bn.

Thc t! Nhng tnh nng trng lp hoc t dng trong kin trc s c lc b. Trong ti liu, cn lu cc biu tng sau:

Ch thch thm

Th thut

Ch

S dng ti liu nh th no?

Nn c kin thc cn bn v my tnh ha trc khi hc bt k phn mm ha no, SketchUp cng vy.

Ti liu ny ch h tr giai on u. Mun pht trin k nng cao hn cc bn nn tham kho website www.sketchup.com. Ngoi ra, mi s tham kho ch c gi tr khi bn thc s ng dng trong thc t.

Ti liu ny dng tham kho ni b 9X9. Tuy phi thng mi, nhng nu c s dng li bt k u, xin nh r ngun gc.

M AU


2. V phn mm SketchUp

SketchUp l phn mm ha 3D do hng @Last Solfware pht trin, chuyn ng dng vo thit k s phc, xy dng m hnh trong cc lnh vc kin trc, ni tht, cnh quan, xy dng, thit k cnh quay trong in nh, thit k sn khu.

ng dng ha 3D trong cc giai on thit k kin trc l xu hng tt yu. Nhng :

KTS, sinh vin kin trc ngy cng phi u t vo k nng s dng my tnh, trong khi vn cn nhiu k nng quan trng khc.

Cc phn mm 3D ni ting hin nay rt chuyn nghip v xut sc giai on th hin chi tit tng vi hiu qu chuyn su v nh sng, vt liu. Nhng giai on s phc tng, trnh din s b vi khch hng hoc tho lun ni b nhm thit k chng tr nn nng n khng cn thit v km thch ng. Cc phn mm ny thng phc tp v i hi u t o to rt cao.

Nhn bit iu , SketchUp c pht trin theo 2 xu hng:

a. n gin nhng Hiu qu

nh gi trn cng mt hiu qu mang li, SketchUp l phn mm 3D d hc, tn t cng hc. C th c phn mm d hn nhng s qu th s hoc khng kh thi.

n gin v hiu qu, SketchUp trc quan ha mi hot ng tng t nh khi v tay. n v c bn trong SketchUp l

ng mt vi chui thao tc v, chia, ni, di chuyn, xoay, thu phng, nng khi, ct khi, trt dn, t mu, p vt liu, v a hnh, thm cnh quan, gi lp bng , xut nh, lm slide show cc hot ng ny u trc quan trong mi trng 3D. Mi tnh nng ch c xy dng va dng nhng kh nng th hin tng s phc kh hiu qu.

b. Nhanh nhng Chnh xc

Do n gin nn ngi dng SketchUp c th v rt nhanh, nhng khng c ngha km chnh xc. SketchUp c kh nng d im ni suy, nhp liu ti chnh xc 6 s l phn thp phn, gi lp bng theo thi gian thc, to mt ct tng tc

Hy t SketchUp vo ng vai tr ca n trong giai on s phc. Mt cng c nh nhng v hiu qu cho mt mc ch xc nh ch khng phi cng c ton nng.


3. C g mi trong phin bn SketchUp 5.0

Nhm cng c Sandbox nhm to v hiu chnh b mt a hnh hoc mt li tam gic ha bt k, vn rt hn ch trong cc phin bn trc . Theo hng sn xut, Sandbox cn c th to cc mt cong hu c, thm ch c mt ngi. Tt nhin khng th c hiu qu nh cc cng c chuyn bit ca 3ds Max, Maya hay Rhino.

Extension Manager dng tt bt cc tnh nng m rng t dng ca SketchUp (nh nhm cng c Sandbox chng hn) nhm n gin ha giao din ngi dng

Kha Component v Group khng v di chuyn hay chnh sa.

Kiu hin th nt c thm ty chn Depthcue (nt gn dy nt xa mnh) v ty chn Endpoints (nhn hai u nt). Ngoi ra bn c th tt m hin th ton b nt trong m hnh. Cc phin bn trc y tt m nt phi gin tip qua lnh Hide/Unhide rt th cng.

Component Outliner gip bn qun l theo cy ph h cc Group v Component dng trong m hnh. Rt hu ch khi v mt m hnh ln

Giao din ngi dng c thit k li vi cc icon v con tr chut mi

Kiu file nhp vo v xut ra h tr thm mt s chun mi. u vo c thm 3D Studio (3DS), Digital Elevation Mode (DEM). u ra c thm (OBJ), (XSI) v (FBX).

Tng tc vi Component c vi thay i. Trong hp thoi Component Browser, menu ng c thm dng lnh Replace Selected thay th 1 component chn trc trong m hnh bng 1 component ang chn trong hp thoi. Khi chn 1 component, menu ng c thm dng lnh Make Unique ngt ring nh ngha ca component ra, khng b chnh sa hng lot.

Cng c Walk mc nh nhn bit vt cn trc v sau camera, hn ch vic i xuyn vt cn. C thm tnh tng di chuyn trn a hnh m khng thay i im ch.

H thng hp thoi c sp xp dng stack windows trong cc title bar c th neo vi nhau, c th tri ty trn mn hnh. C th tt bt ton hp thoi bng phm tt hoc menu Show/Hide Windows. Mun truy nhp hp thoi no ch cn click ln title bar hp thoi .

Lnh Push/Pull c th kt hp vi phm Ctrl to thm hoc chia on mi, rt hu dng khi to s khng gian cho cng trnh

H tr ngn ng Ruby cho php to cc ng dng, plug-in ca ring mnh trong SketchUp

Fractional Units l loi n v th mc M hay dng cng c h tr trong phin bn ny.

M AU

CHNG I: GIAO DIEN VI NGI DUNG

CHNG II: VE CAN BAN

1. Cong cu Ve

2. Cong cu Thiet yeu

3. Cong cu Quan sat

4. Cong cu Hieu chnh

CHNG III: VE NANG CAO

1. Noi suy

2. Khoa hng

3. He truc toa o

4. Cong cu Xay dng

5. Cong cu tao a hnh

CHNG IV: VE CO HE THONG

1. Quan l Layer

2. Quan l Component

3. Quan l Outliner

4. Thiet lap va quan l mo hnh

CHNG V: ANH SANG, VAT LIEU, HIEN TH

1. Anh sang

2. Vat lieu

3. Hien th

PHU LUC

MUC LUC

Hng dn s dng SketchUp 5.0 Chng I Giao din vi ngi dng Trang 1

Drawing Area = Khng gian v

1. Toolbars (Thanh cng c)

I. GIAO DIEN VI NGI DUNG

Title Bar Thanh tiu

Menu Bar = Thanh menu

VCB

Origin = Gc h trc

Display Modes ToolbarCc ch hin th

Views Toolbar Cc hnh chiu

Status Bar Thanh trng thi

Standard Toolbar Cng c Chun

Principal Toolbar Cng c Thit yu

Drawing Toolbar Cng c V

Modification Toolbar Cng c Hiu chnh

Construction Toolbar Cng c Xy dng

Camera Toolbar Cng c Quan st

Walkthrough Toolbar Cng c B hnh

Drawing Axes = H trc

Hng dn s dng SketchUp 5.0 Chng I Giao din vi ngi dng Trang 2

New = To file mi Open = M file c Save = Lu file Make Component = To Component Cut = Ct Copy = Sao chp Paste = Dn Eraser = Xa Undo = Hi li lnh Redo = Lp li lnh Print = In file Model Info = Thng s m hnh Context Help = Hng dn nng

Iso = Trc o Top = Mt bng Front = Mt Nam Right = Mt ng Back = Mt Bc Left = Mt Ty

Wireframe = Khung dy Hidden Line = Nt thy Shaded = T bng Shaded with Textture = Vt liu v bng X-Ray = Xuyn sng

Value Control Box (VCB) Hp nhp tr s

Nhp tr s v Enter p dng ln cng c hin hnh. Khng cn click chut vo vng ny khi nhp tr

Nt tri Click = kch hot

cng c, chn im, i tng, bt im.

Nt ln Click r = xoay nhn

Shift + Click r = di nhnLn = thu phng nhn

Nt phi Click = menu ng

Shadow Toolbar = Cng c gi lp bng Hp thoi bng / Tt bt bng / Thng trong nm / Gi trong ngy

Select = Chn Shift = nghch o

Ctrl = thm vo Shift+Ctrl = bt ra

Tri qua phi = chn bao Phi qua tri = chn ct

Move = Di chuyn Shift = kha hng Ctrl = sao chp Shift+Ctrl = bt ra Alt = p bin dng VCB: nhp khong cch

Paint Bucket = T Alt = ly mu

Ctrl = t nhng g ni lin Shift = thay th ton b

Shift+Ctrl = thay th ni lin

Push/Pull = Ko/Nn Click p = lp li tr s cui Ctrl = sao chp on mi VCB: nhp khong cch

Eraser = Xa Shift = tt hin th

Ctrl = lm mm Shift+Ctrl = lm sc

Rotate = Quay Ctrl = sao chp khi quay VCB: gc, dc

Rectangle = Hnh ch nht VCB: nhp di, rng

Follow Me = Trt dn Alt = t ng d mt phng

Line = on thng Shift = kha hng

VCB: nhp khong cch

Scale = Thu phng Shift = nghch o ng dng Ctrl = hng tm VCB: t l, di mi (mm)

Circle = Hnh trn VCB: s on (s), bn knh (r)

Offset = Sao chp ng dng Click p = dng li tr s cui VCB: khong cch ng dng

Arc = Cung trn VCB: s on, bn knh (r),

on dy cung (length), on trung trc dy cung (bulge)

Orbit = Xoay nhn Ctrl = b kha trc Z Shift = di chuyn

Polygon = a gic VCB: s on (s), bn knh

ngoi tip (r) Pan = Di nhn

Free Hand = Phc tay Shift = a tuyn 3 chiu

Zoom = Thu phng nhn Shift = thay i trng nhn VCB: tiu c (mm), gc nhn (deg)

Tape Measure = o di Ctrl = ch o

VCB: thay i t l ton cc Zoom Window = Ca s

Dimension = Ghi kch thc

Zoom Extents = Phng kht

Text = Ghi ch

Zoom Previous = Hi li

Protractor = o gc Shift = ch o

VCB: gc, dc

Walk = B hnh Shift = di chuyn phng ng Ctrl = chy nhanh Alt = i xuyn vt cn VCB: cao im nhn

Section = Mt ct

Look Around = Nhn quanh VCB: cao im nhn

Axes = H trc ta Position Camera = nh v im nhn

Section Plane Toolbar Hin mt phng ct / Hin nt ct

Layer Toolbar Truy nhp layer / Hp thoi layer

Sandbox Tools Cng c to a hnh

Hng dn s dng SketchUp 5.0 Chng I Giao din vi ngi dng Trang 3 2. Dialogs Boxes (Hp thoi) Khi lm vic vi SketchUp hay bt k phn mm ha no, bn lun phi trao i vi my tnh 2 vn :

Ti mun my tnh lm g? ng vi vic thao tc lnh. My tnh lm iu nh th no? ng vi vic cung cp

tham s lnh hoc tham s mi trng.

Nu Toolbars l ni cung cp thao tc lnh th tham s lnh v tham s mi trng c th tm thy trong Dialog Boxes (cc hp thoi).

Ch 9/14 hp thoi l c th kt thnh b tri ni t do nh hnh bn, 5 hp thoi cn li lun ng c lp.

tt bt tng hp thoi vo menu Windows>Tn hp thoi. cun th tng hp thoi, click thanh tiu hp thoi. kt mt hp thoi vo b, click r thanh tiu hp thoi ti gn nhau, chng s t bt dnh. tt - bt cng lc tt c cc hp thoi vo menu Windows/Show-Hide Dialogs. Di chuyn thanh tiu ca hp thoi trn cng s di chuyn c b hp thoi.

3. Context Menu (Menu ng) Ni dung menu ng thay i ty theo bi cnh. Kch hot menu ng bng cch click phi chut. Menu ng c hiu lc :

Khi chn trc i tng Khi hin hnh trong mt s

hp thoi (Material Browser, Components )

Trong giao din SketchUp (trang mn hnh, h trc).

4. Value Control Box - VCB (Hp nhp tr s) VCB nm gc di bn phi mn hnh. N hin th tr s hin hnh v cng l ni bn nhp tr s khi thao tc lnh. c tnh:

Enter xc nhn tr s. Sau khi xc nhn vn c th thay i tr s min l bn cha kch hot cng c khc.Khng cn thit click vo VCB khi nhp tr, VCB lun ch tn hiu phm s t bn phm.

Tr s l (gn ng) s hin th km du ~ pha trc. i khi tr s phi c n v chnh xc i km. n v c th cng hoc khc vi n v h thng hin hnh.

Nhp ta tuyt i [x,y,z] hoc tng i . Du , hay ; ngn cch ty thit lp ca h iu hnh.

Khng nhp tr s trc du ngn cch hm ly li tr s c trc .

Hng dn s dng SketchUp 5.0 Chng II V cn bn Trang 1

1. Drawing Tools (Cng c V) Line Tool (on thng)

Kch hot cng c > click chn im u on > ko chut nh di v hng > click chn im cui on.

C th nhp tr s trong VCB thay cho vic ko chut. C th nhp ta tng i trong khng gian ca im tip theo dng [x,y,x] hoc (ty thit lp trong h iu hnh).

To mt phng bng cch v 3 hay nhiu hn 3 on thng ng phng khp kn. C th hn mt phng khuyt cnh bng cch v b sung cnh b khuyt.

Chia on thng bng cch v thm on thng khc c t nht mt im On Edge trn on cn chia.

chia u on thng click phi ln on > chn Divide > nhp s on bng nhau cn chia.

Chia mt phng bng cch v on thng c im u im cui thuc chu vi mt phng

on thng ph qua chu vi 2 mt phng (overlapping lines) khng c tc dng chia mt.

Arc Tool (Cung trn)

Kch hot cng c > nhp trn ng cong nu mun (mc nh l 12) > click chn im u cung > ko v click chn im cui cung > ko v click on trung trc dy cung.

Cc tr s c trng cho mt cung u c th nhp trong VCB thay cho vic ko chut.

Khi thao tc cung trn qua trng thi na ng trn SketchUp s hin im v thng bo qua Tooltip.

Khi v nhiu on cung ni tip, on cung no ang v bt sng xanh l l on cung tip tuyn vi on cung trc n.

Thm k t r sau tr s nhp trong VCB xc nh bn knh cung trn thay cho chiu di on trung trc dy cung. Thm k t s sau tr s thay i trn ca cung

II. VE CAN BAN


Freehand Tool (Phc tay)

Kch hot cng c > click chn im bt u > nhn gi phm tri chut trong khi ko > th phm tri chut im kt thc. ng to ra c th khp kn hoc khng.

v 3D Polyline gi phm Shift trong khi thao tc. 3D Polyline l i tng phi hnh hc trong mi trng SketchUp, khng th truy bt, dng li nt nh nn nhp vo.

Click phi ng 3D Polyline > chn Explode ph 3D polyline thnh a tuyn hnh hc, c th truy bt.

Rectangle Tool (Hnh ch nht)

Dng to ra mt mt phng c chu vi hnh ch nht hoc vung. Cnh ca hnh lun song song vi h trc ta hin hnh.

Kch hot cng c > click chn gc u > di chuyn chut v click chn gc i din.

C th nhp tr s di v rng trong VCB. Xoay h trc nu mun v hnh ch nht khc hng h trc hin hnh.

Khi thao tc hnh ch nht qua trng thi hnh vung hoc hnh c t l vng SketchUp s bo hiu bng ng cho nt t v Tooltip.

Circle Tool (Hnh trn)

To mt phng c chu vi hnh trn, thuc mt mt phng hin hu hoc mt phng h trc hin hnh.

Kch hot cng c > click chn tm > ko chut nh bn knh v click hon tt.

Cc tr s c trng cho hnh trn u c th nhp trong VCB thay cho vic ko chut. Thm k t s sau tr s thay i trn ng trn.


Polygon Tool (Hnh a gic)

Dng v a gic thng ni tip hnh trn t 3 n 100 cnh thuc mt phng hin hu hoc mt phng h trc hin hnh.

Kch hot cng c > chn s cnh a gic > click chn tm > ko chut nh bn knh ng trn ni tip > click hon tt.

Cc tr s c trng cho a gic u c th nhp trong VCB thay cho vic ko chut hoc sau khi v

2. Principle Tool (Cng c Thit yu)

Select Tool (Chn i tng)

Thao tc chut Hiu qu

Click n Chn i tng n

R t phi sang tri Chn i tng nm trong v giao ct vi vng chn

R t tri sang phi Chn i tng nm trong vng chn

Ctrl + Click n Thm i tng vo tp chn

Ctrl + Shift + Click n Loi i tng khi tp chn

Shift + Click n Nghch o trng thi c chn khng c chn

Click p cnh Chn cnh v mt ni vi n

Click p mt Chn mt v cnh bao

Click 3 ln lin tip Chn tt c cc mt v cnh ni lin vi i tng

Ctrl+A Chn ton b m hnh

Ctrl+T hoc click vng trng Hy chn ton b

Dng menu ng c thm cc ty chn

Bounding Edges - Chn cnh bao Connected Faces Chn mt ni lin All Connected Chn tt c cc phn ni lin All on same layer Chn tt c i tng cng Layer All with same material Chn tt c i tng cng vt liu

Paint Bucket Tool (T i tng)

Dng t mu sc hoc vt liu cho i tng.

Kch hot cng c > Chn mu hoc vt liu trong Material Browser c kch hot cng lc vi cng c > Click mt i tng hoc mt tp hp chn.

Cn chuyn ch hin th Shaded hoc Shaded with Texture c th nhn thy nhng g bn t.


Qui c khi t

Khi t mt trc hoc sau mt mt phng nm trong tp hp cc mt phng c chn, cc mt phng cn li s c t mt trc hoc sau tng ng.

C th p lnh t ln mt hay nhiu cnh. c th thy hiu qu ny cn chn ch hin th Windows > Display Settings > Edge color > By Material.

Kt hp phm Ctrl t tt c nhng mt lin kt v c cng vt liu ban u vi mt ang t.

Kt hp phm Shift chuyn i tt c cc mt c cng loi vt liu sang vt liu mi ang t.

Kt hp phm Ctrl + Shift chuyn i tt c cc mt c cng loi cht liu v c lin kt vi nhau sang vt liu mi ang t

Kt hp phm Alt ly mu vt liu t i tng no trong m hnh thnh vt liu hin hnh

Khi p vt liu ln Group hoc Component, nhng mt phng p vt liu khc trc s khng b nh hng bi vt liu mi.

3. Camera Tool (Cng c Quan st) Khng gian v c th chuyn i gia php chiu phi cnh (Perspective) hoc hnh chiu trc o (Paraline) trong menu Camera > Perspective.

Kt hp vi cc mt phng chiu c bn s to c hu ht cc hnh chiu mong mun

Truy cp nhanh cc cng c theo bng

Thao tc Hiu qu

Ln ln nt gia chut Phng to khung nhn

Ln xung nt gia chut Thu nh khung nhn

Ctrl+Shift+E Phng ton b kht mn hnh

Ctrl+Shift+W (t t) Phng mt phn kht mn hnh

Shift+R nt gia chut Trt khung nhn

R nt gia chut Xoay khung nhn gii hn trc Z

Ctrl+R nt gia chut Xoay t do khung nhn

Khi dng hnh nn chn php chiu trc o.

Nhng tnh nng nng cao lin quan n camera, ch hin th trong m hnh c th xem chng V.


4. Modification Tools (Cng c Hiu chnh)

Move Tool (Di chuyn i tng)

Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng > Kch hot cng c > Click chn im u > Click chn im n.

di chuyn mt cch chnh xc nn kt hp vi truy bt im kha hng v nhp liu trong VCB.

C th dng cng c Move di chuyn mt phn i tng thc hin lnh Schetch (co dn i dng).

Lnh Sketch ty theo bi cnh s to ra np gp (Moving/Schetching with Autofold) hoc khng to ra np gp.

Xu hng chung ca SketchUp l hn ch ti a vic pht sinh cc np gp v mt phng khi Schetch bng cch kha cc hng di chuyn gy ra bin dng qu ln. b qua tnh nng

ny, gi phm Alt trong khi Schetch, ta s c tnh nng bin dng cng bc (Forcing Autofold).

Sao chp i tng (Copy) bng cch gi phm Ctrl sau khi kch hot cng c v trc khi chn im u.

To dy tuyn tnh vi khong cch ch nh (Linear Array) bng cch g t kha nx hoc *n. Vi n l s i tng ca dy.

To dy tuyn tnh chia qung u gia 2 im cho trc bng cch g t kha n/ hoc /n. Vi n l s i tng ca dy. Tnh nng ny rt hu ch khi to hng ro, cu hoc b tr bn gh

Rotate Tool (Xoay i tng)

Chn mt hoc nhiu i tng > Kch hot cng c > Click chn tm quay > Click chn im u gc quay > Click chn im cui gc quay.

xoay mt cch chnh xc nn kt hp vi truy bt im kha hng v nhp liu trong VCB.

Cng c xoay c th to ra hiu ng Vn (Twist) hoc Gp (Fold) nu tc ng ln mt phn ca i ng.


C th dng cng c Rotate Sao chp i tng (Copy) bng cch gi phm Ctrl sau khi kch hot cng c v trc khi chn im u gc xoay.

To dy hng tm vi gc ch nh (Radial Array) bng cch g t kha nx hoc *n. Vi n l s i tng ca dy.

To dy hng tm chia gc u trong gc cho trc bng cch g t kha n/ hoc /n. Vi n l s i tng ca dy.

i khi vic xc nh mt phng, tm v trc quay gp kh khn, i hi phi di trc dng mt ph. Thay v th, c th dng tnh nng chn trc quay v mt phng quay bng cch Click-gi nguyn nt tri chut khi thao tc chn tm quay.

Scale Tool (Thu phng i tng)

Chn i tng > Kch hot cng c > Click chn grip (tay nm) cn tc ng >Thao tc chut, phm hoc VCB.

Mi khi chn mt grip, grip tng ng i din c im sng v tr thnh im neo ca php thu phng, loi grip khc nhau c tnh nng khc nhau

Grips (Tay nm) Hiu qu

Coner grip Gc Thu phng theo h s t l chung 3 phng

Edge grip Cnh Thu phng theo h s t l ring 2 phng

Face grip Mt Thu phng theo h s t l 1 phng

Thao tc khc nhau cng mang li hiu qu khc nhau

Thao tc Hiu qu

Ko chut Th t l ty cho n khi click chut xc nhn

Gi phm Ctrl + Ko chut Thu phng vi im neo l tm ca tp chn

Gi phm Shift + Ko chut o ngc tnh nng thu phng theo h s t l chung hoc ring

Tt c cc h s t l c th nhp chnh xc trong VCB thay cho vic ko chut.

Tnh nng thay i tr s sau khi Enter rt hu ch khi Scale hng tm c t l. Khng th cng lc nhn Ctrl v ch s, hy scale hng tm vi h s t l bt k sau nhp li t l ng. Tng t cho vic d tm h s t l ng nht.

Nhp tr s km theo n v trong VCB tng ng vic thu phng theo tham s khong cch gia 2 grips.


Vic thu phng ch tc ng ln kch thc ng bao tp chn (Bounding Box). Do chng ta thng chn duy nht

mt i tng v ng bao thng hay trng khp vi chu vi i tng nn rt d qun iu ny.

Mt s trng hp bt buc di trc scale chnh xc

Push/Pull Tool (Ko/Nn i tng)

Kch hot cng c > Click chn mt phng > Ko ri click chut hoc nhp trong VCB khong cch ko/nn.

Copy mt nn mi (starting face) bng cch gi phm Ctrl sau khi kch hot v trc khi chn mt.

Click p khi chn mt t ng p tr s ko/nn trc .

C th dng cng c Push/Pull c khong thng mt khi khi nn mt phng thnh phn xung ht chiu cao khi.

Follow Me Tool (Trt dn i tng)

Kch hot cng c > Click chn tit din > Ko chut dc theo ng dn > Click chut ti v tr kt thc.

trt dn chnh xc hn nn : Chn ng dn > Kch hot cng c > Chn tit din.

Tit din phi tng i vung gc vi ng dn.

Gi phm Alt khi chn tit din kch hot ch t ng d ng dn v trt dn khp kn.

Chn mt phng > Kch hot cng c > Chn tit din to s ra hiu ng tit din t ng trt dn khp kn theo chu vi mt phng.

Trt dn mt tit din theo ng dn hnh trn c tm nm trn trc i xng ca tit din s to ra khi trn xoay.

Offset Tool (Sao chp ng dng)

Chn mt mt phng, hai hay nhiu on thng ng phng > Kch hot cng c > Click chut ln tp hp chn > Ko chut nh min v khong cch sao chp > Nhp tr s trong VCB hoc click chut xc nhn.

Click p ln tp hp chn khi thao tc lnh Offset lp li min v khong cch sao chp trc .


Intersect with Model (Giao ct khi)

Dng ly giao tuyn v mt to bi cc hnh khi giao nhau.

Xp cc hnh khi v trng thi giao ct > Qut chn > Click phi hin menu ng > Chn Intersect with Model > Xa phn tha.

Nu thnh phn giao ct l Group hoc Component, giao tuyn v mt to thnh s nm trong cng bi cnh tng ng.

Hng dn s dng SketchUp 5.0 Chng III V nng cao Trang 1

Ngoi tnh nng hin th - nhp s trong VCB cp, c th v chnh xc cn nm vng cc tnh nng sau

1. Inference (Ni suy)

Ch bt im lun thng tr m khng c ty chn no khc, gip bn nhn bit v truy bt cc im c bit. Khi bt im, cc tooltip bt tn theo bng bn di, im c bit bt sng theo ch th mu.

Ch d vt gip xc nh mt im bt k nm trn 1 vt c bit. Vt c bit c nt lin v mu nh bng bn di

Ch d im gip xc nh 1 im bt k nm trn 1 vt c bit i qua 1 im c bit hin hu. Ch ny c tooltip From point km theo vt c bit nhng th hin bng nt t.

Hnh di minh ha cho kh nng d im v d ng trong SketchUp

Tn im Mu M t Endpoint Xanh lc im u cui on hay cung Midpoint Xanh l im gia on hoc cnhIntersection en Giao on - on hay on mtOn Face Xanh en im thuc mtOn Edge im thuc cnhEqui-Dist on Edge im , vt tm im vt gc uHalf Circle - To ng trn khi v cungCenter Xanh lc im tm hnh trn

Tn vt Mu vt M t On Axis Vt song song hoc trn trc X On Axis Xanh lc Vt song song hoc trn trc Y On Axis Xanh en Vt song song hoc trn trc Z Parallel to Edge Tm Vt song song vi on Perdendicular to Edge

im , vt tm Vt vung gc vi on

From Point Mu nh trn vt c nt t

D im

III. VE NANG CAO


Khi thao tc chut trn mt mt hin hu, chng trnh t ng v trn mt . Nu khng c mt hin hu, khng c ch nh bt im no khc, chng trnh t ng v trn mt to bi h trc v mt hnh chiu thi im .

Mi ch ni suy u bo ton d cc i tng hnh hc nm trong Group hoc Component.

2. Inference Locking (Kha hng) Trong mt khng gian v qu hp, d chuyn chut d dng gy nhiu khi ni suy. Cch tt nht l kha hng. Hnh bn cho thy cch kha hng d c vt song song trc Z nh

mun m khng ln ln sang trc khc hoc im khc.

kha hng ch cn gi phm Shift ngay sau khi nh chn c vt mong mun. Vt s ni m ln. Lc ny bt k chut u, chng trnh ch hiu 1 vt duy nht.

3. Drawing Axes (H trc ta ) Gm 3 ng thng vi 3 mu - Lc Xanh ng vi trc X Y Z vung gc vi nhau. Origin l im gc h trc khi va khi to 1 m hnh. H trc gip bn nh v trong khng gian 3D, d vt

v v chnh xc. C th tng tc vi h trc thng qua menu ng bng cch click phi ln thnh phn bt k ca h trc.

Di v xoay ty chn Place > click chn gc ta mi > click chn hng trc X > click chn hng trc Y.

Di v xoay chnh xc chn Move > hp thoi Move Sketching Context > nhp khong cch trc mi so vi trc c, SketchUp t ng hiu n v mc nh ca h thng (hnh trn).

Khi phc h trc gc chn Reset

Tt hin th h trc chn Hide

Khi xut file, h trc t ng tt. Vic di trc rt cn thit khi cn v, hiu chnh cc i tng, mt phng, on thng khng song song vi h trc.

Kt hp cc tnh nng trn vi cc lnh v c bn trnh by chng I cng nh cc tn nng t phn ny tr v sau, bn s m rng s linh hot v chnh xc mt cch ng k. Cc tnh nng ny c gi tr xuyn sut SketchUp. ng qun p dng chng bt c lc no c th.


4. Construction Tools (Cng c Xy dng) Tnh kh thi c hiu l mc chi tit ca thng tin m bn cung cp cho cho chng trnh khc, cho ngi khc hoc cho qu trnh ti to li m hnh ngoi i thc.

Tape Measure (o di)

Kch hot cng c > click chn im u > click chn im cui.

Nu c 2 im l Enpoint: o di thun ty, c tr s trong VCB

Nu ch c 1 im l Endpoint: o di kt hp to on dng (th hin nt t). im cui ca on dng c nh du v c th truy bt. im dng ny gi l Construction Point

Ch click 1 im On Edge v ko chut ra ngoi: to mt ng trc song song vi on, khong cch song song c th nhp trong VCB. ng trc ny gi l Construction Line.

Trong mi trng hp, gi phm Ctrl trong lc thao tc o di thun ty.

Mt tnh nng quan trng khc ca Tape Measure l Thu phng ton cc m hnh. Thao tc nh sau

Xc nh on thng d nh lm c s thu phng ton m hnh. Dng Tape Measure o di thun ty ca on, quan st tr s trong VCB.

Nhp di mi. T l di mi / c s l t l thu phng tt c cc di khc trong m hnh.

Thu phng ton cc ch c tc dng vi component to mi trong m hnh hin hnh. Component trong th vin, component l bn v tham chiu khng b nh hng ca thao tc ny.

Protractor (o gc)

Kch hot cng c > Click chn v tr tm thc gc > Click chn hng ng 00 > ty chn nh sau

o gc thun ty > Click chn hng cn li. Tr s gc s hin th trong VCB. ng thi mt ng trc (Construction Line) c to ra trn hng click sau cng

dng gc > nhp gc hoc dc x : y trong VCB. Thc gc t ng bt dnh theo nc 150, t ng bt dnh vo mt phng gn nht. Gc m xui chiu kim ng h, gc l th hin dng thp phn. C th kha hng nh v tm thc gc chnh xc hn .


Dimension Tool (Ghi kch thc)

Ghi kch thc thng: kch hot cng c > chn im u cho ng dng > chn im tip theo cho ng dng > ko chut chn phng ca ng kch thc.

C th ghi kch thc on nhanh bng cch kch hot cng c > click im On Edge trn on > ko chut chn phng ca ng kch thc.

Ghi kch thc ng knh - bn knh: kch hot i tng > click chn cung trn (Arc) hoc hnh trn (Circle) > ko chut chn phng ca ng kch thc.

Chuyn i kch thc bn knh sang ng knh hoc ngc li bng cch: click phi ng kch thc > chn Type > chn Radius hoc Diameter.

Khi bn quay di i tng ghi kch thc, ng kch thc s quay di chuyn theo. C th chnh sa s kch thc thng qua menu ng.

Ch s kch thc nm trn phng ng hoc nm trn ng kch thc ty theo thit lp ton cc trong hp thoi Model Info, xin xem cc chng sau.

Text Tool (Ghi ch)

Ghi ch thun ty: Kch hot cng c > click vo khong trng mn hnh > nhp ch. Ghi ch i tng: Kch hot cng c > click chn im u mi tn tr vo > click chn phng dng ch > nhp ch.

Mi tn tr c 2 loi: lun hng theo mn hnh (View Based) v lun hng theo khng gian vt th (Pushpin), thit lp trong hp thoi Model Info.

Khi ghi ch i tng, nu khng thay i, mc nh dng Text th hin cc thng s ty theo loi i tng ( di, din tch, di x rng x cao )

Click p ln mt phng bt k khi ang thao tc Text Tool ly con s din tch dng text, rt hu ch khi ghi ch nhanh din tch phng.

Khc vi ch s kch thc c tnh ton cc. Cc ch ghi ch trong mt m hnh c th mang cc thuc tnh khc nhau.


Section Plane (Mt phng ct)

Cng c ny to ra mt phng ct (section plane) v vt ct (section slice). Thao tc: kch hot cng c ri > chn phng hng ct thch hp.

Khi kch hot, mt phng ct t ng bt dnh mt phng v h trc gn nht. V vy nn tn dng tnh nng kha hng c kt qu chnh xc.

C th dng cng c hiu chnh Move hoc Rotate di xoay mt phng ct.

Khng th gii hn mt mt phng ct trong cng mt bi cnh (context). Mt mt phng ct lun ct qua tt c cc i tng giao vi mt phng trong cng mt bi cnh (context).

To mt group cc i tng cn ct > chuyn n bi cnh group > to section plane trong bi cnh > chuyn v bi cnh m hnh. Bng cch ta gi lp vic gii hn mt phng ct, ch cho n ct qua mt s i tng nht nh.

Tng tc vi mt phng ct bng cch click phi ln mt phng ct > menu ng. C cc ty chn:

o hng ct chn Reverse Nu c nhiu hn mt mt phng ct chn Active Cut

kch hot mt phng ct tng ng.

Giao tuyn mu trn mn hnh l vt ct o ch c gi tr hin th. to vt ct tht chn Create Group from

Slice. Thao tc ny to ra vt ct a tuyn, c lp vi i tng b ct, c bi cnh ring v thuc tnh ring.

Chn Align View dng mt phng chiu theo mt phng ct. Rt hu ch khi cn to mt ct 2D hoc mt ct phi cnh 1 im t.

Chn Hide tt hin th mt phng ct. Ti mt thi im, trong mt bi cnh (context) ch c mt

mt phng ct duy nht c th hin hnh v cho hiu ng ct.

Nu mun c nhiu hiu ng ct trong cng mt thi im, cn to ra nhiu bi cnh, mi bi cnh cha mt section plane. Th thut ny cng c dng khi cn to mt ct khng ng phng (gp on)

Hiu ng ct c th xut ra file nh im hoc nh vect. Ch c vt ct tht (section slice) mi xut ra nh vect c.

S dng Pages (trang mn hnh) lu gi hin th ca hiu ng ct. Hiu ng ct c th tham gia vo hot cnh.


5. Sandbox Tools (Cng c To a hnh) im ci tin ng k nht ca phin bn 5.0 so vi trc . Nhm cng c nng cao ny mc nh n sau khi ci t SketchUp. c th s dng cn bt n ln qua menu Window > Preferences > Extension > check vo mc Sandbox Tools.

Sandbox from Contours (To t ng ng mc).

Trc ht cn c cc ng ng mc nh hnh trn. C th to ng ng mc bng cc cng c v trong SketchUp hoc nhp ng ng mc t phn mm khc vo SketchUp.

Thao tc: vo menu Draw > Sandbox > From Contour. Mt a hnh s t ng to ra da trn c s cc ng ng mc.

i khi do dc qu t, cng c to li to ra mt mt dc khng nh . Hy dng chc nng Flip Edge (lt cnh tam gic n v) khc phc tnh trng .

Sandbox from Scratch (To t mt TIN phng)

Kch hot cng c > clich chn im u li TIN phng > ko ri click chut nh chiu di li (tr s trong VCB) > ko ri click chut nh chiu rng li (tr s trong VCB).

Khong cch n v li (Grid Spacing)mc nh l 10 n v. bn c th thay i tr s ny trong VCB trc khi v li. Chiu di rng ca li cng c th nhp trong VCB khi v.

Sau khi to li, i tng li s l mt group, nu mun hiu chnh cn phi vo bi cnh tng ng hoc ph v group.

Smoove Tool (Tc b mt a hnh)

Kch hot cng c > xc nh bn knh nh hng nh (thng qua VCB) > click chn v tr a hnh cn tc > di chuyn chut to cao mong mun > lm mm mt a hnh c hiu qu cui cng.


m bo r group mt TIN a hnh hoc vo bi cnh tng ng trc khi thao tc lnh ny.

C th chn mt nhm nh cnh trn mt TIN trc khi kch hot cng c Smoove. Th thut ny rt hu ch khi v ng phn thy - hp thy trn a hnh.

Click p khi ang thao tc ly li phm vi chn v cao ln v tr trc p dng cho v tr mi.

Tuy mc nh cng c Smoove di chuyn cc nh TIN theo phng ng m bo cc a hnh tn ti ph hp nguyn l trt t. Nhng vn c th p cc nh di chuyn theo phng khc nu gi phm Shift khi thao tc.

Cn cn nhc vic p nh TIN di chuyn theo phng khc phng ng. Vic ny c th v tnh to ra mt a hnh khng dng c trong san nn (hm ch chng hn) song cng c th to ra cc mt hu c sinh ng (mt vi, chi tit trang tr).

Stamp Tool (San nn)

Cng c to mt hay nhiu mt nn phng t khi kin trc ln trn b mt a hnh. Thao tc:

To hoc chn mt nn ca khi m hnh. nh v mt nn ln pha trn mt TIN, khng nht thit phi tip xc.

Kch hot Stamp Tool v click chn mt nn. Hp VCB ch nhp khong cch chn nn so vi mt nn .

Click ln mt TIN a hnh. Di chuyn chut xc nh cao mt nn so vi a hnh. Click chut sau khi hon tt. Lm mm mt a hnh cho hiu qu sau cng

Mt nn khi m hnh c th l mt hay nhiu mt phng, group hoc component u c.

Stamp Tool s khng c tc dng trn group hoc component ang m hiu chnh.


Drape Tool (Ph mt a hnh)

Cng c ny chiu mt i tng (con ng chng hn) thnh nhng on thng ph trn b mt a hnh. Thao tc:

To hoc nhp mt a hnh trong SketchUp To i tng ph mt a hnh (ng hoc mt phng).

t chng nm trn mt a hnh (khng nht thit tip xc).

Chn i tng ph mt a hnh. Kch hot Drape Tool Chn mt TIN a hnh. Phn nt ph mt a hnh s

c to ra nh hnh di

D i tng ph mt l mt phng cng ch c ng bao ca n c chiu ln mt a hnh.

Nu mt TIN ang trong mt group hoc component th ng ph mt a hnh s khng nm trong bi cnh ca group hoc component .

Nu khng chn trc i tng ph mt vn c th thao tc lnh. Lc SketchUp s yu cu bn chn i tng ph mt a hnh trc khi chn a hnh.

Add Detail Tool (Chi tit ha mt TIN)

To mt TIN t li > kch hot cng c > click chn nh, cnh hoc mt tam gic n v trn mt TIN.

Tnh nng chi tit ha mt TIN thng tp trung vo mt vi tr tr cn mm cao khi thao tc vi cng c Smoove.

S dng nhng ni tht cn thit, trnh lm nng thm m hnh mt cch khng cn thit.


Flip Edge Tool (Lt cnh tam gic n v ca mt TIN)

Ti to mt a hnh l vic tng i phc tp, trong vi trng hp, SketchUp to ra nhng mt dc khng nh . Khi , cn dng cng c ny lt cnh cc mt tam gic c s li TIN

Kch hot cng c > di chuyn chut trn mt dc im sng nhng cnh tam gic c th lt > click xc nhn cnh lt.

Khng th thy c cc tam gic n v trn mt a hnh lm mm. Thay v lm sc nt tr li, hy vo menu View > Hidden Geometry.

Ch c nhng cnh tam gic n v c th lt mi pht sng khi r chut qua. Vic nhn bit ny do SketchUp quyt nh.


1. Layer Manager (Qun l lp bn v) Bt tt hp thoi qua menu Window/ Layers. Hoc bt tt nhm cng c qua menu View/Toolbar/Layers

Thao tc vi hp thoi

Nt Add, Delete dng To, Xa layer Du option check dng chuyn i layer hin hnh. Click n vo ct Name thit lp, thay i tn layer.

Dng check box tng ng ct Visible tt bt layer. Click n vo mu tng ng ct Color chnh mu hin th ca layer

Click vo nt hnh tam gic t en nm ngang, gc trn bn phi hp thoi kch hot Details Menu vi cc tnh nng: Select All (chn tt c cc layer), Purge (xa cc layer rng), Color by Layer (mu hin th ly theo mu layer thay v mu i tng)

Thao tc vi nhm cng c

Chn tn layer trong list box chuyn layer hin hnh. Nu trc chn mt hay nhiu i tng s ng thi gn cc i tng chn vo layer .

C th tt nhng khng th xa layer0. Khng th tt layer hin hnh.

i tng thuc layer0 nhng nm trong group-component thuc layer khc vn hin th d tt layer0.

Khi xa mt layer khng rng, SketchUp cho 3 tu chn : Xa trit _ Xa layer nhng chuyn ni dung layer v layer mc nh ( thng hiu l layer0 )_ Xa layer nhng chuyn ni dung layer v layer hin hnh

S hin th hay khng hin th ca mt i tng c xc nh theo th t nh hng gim dn nh sau

Thit lp hin th ca group_component cha i tng. Thit lp hin th ca bn thn i tung Thit lp hin th ca layer cha group_component Thit lp hin th ca layer cha i tng

Hp thoi Layer Manager v nhm cng c Layers.

IV. VE CO HE THONG


2. Component Browser (Qun l Component) Bt tt hp thoi qua menu Window/Components. Thng qua hp thoi, s dng cc phm mi tn, danh sch cc library tm kim cc component.

chn mt component vo m hnh, n gin click hin hnh component trong hp thoi browser sau click ln vng v.

to mt component: chn cc i t ng cn to, click phi chn Make Component. Sau t tn cho component. Tt c cc component dng trong m hnh c hin th trong th vin In Model.

Khi import 1 m hnh SketchUp khc vo m hnh hin hnh n s to thnh 1 component tng ng.

Menu ng khi click phi ln mt component trong m hnh:

Entities Info hin th v hiu chnh cc thuc tnh nh: tn, m t thnh phn hnh hc, s bn sao, layer cha n, thuc tnh t ng dn mt, lun quay v camera

Erase xa component trong m hnh. Hide tt hin th component. Lock dng kha component, trnh tc ng v .

Edit Component c lp, ng thi chuyn vo bi cnh tng ng hiu chnh component. Vic hiu chnh ng nhin nh hng tt c cc bn sao trong m hnh, tr khi trc chn Make Unique tch component khi s rng buc vi cc bn sao khc (to thnh 1 compo nent mi).

Explode ph v component thnh cc i tng ri. Unglue dng hy thuc tnh t ng dn mt. Reload cp nht li cc thay i ca file gc vo

component hin ti. Kt hp vi th thut import mt m hnh vo m hnh khc ta c hiu ng tng t xref.

Save As lu component ang chn thnh file ring. Change Axes thay i im chn ca mt component.

Sau khi thay i cc component trong th vin In Model s mang im chn mi (component trong cc th vin khc khng nh hng).


Reset Scale/Reset Skew khi phc li t l, hnh dng gc ca componetn khi thu phng hay bin dng mt component bn ngoi bi cnh ca n (khng thng qua lnh Edit Component).

Scale Definition cp nht t l mi ca mt component vo nh ngha component. Sau khi cp nht, cc component chn trc khng thay i t l nhng cc component t lc tr v sau khi chn vo m hnh s mang t l mi.

Intersect with Model thc hin giao ct component. Flip Along lt component theo cc trc ca n. Zoom Extents phng kht component ln khung nhn.

Menu ng khi click phi ln component trong browser:

Properties dng hin th v chnh mt s thuc tnh tng t nh Entities Info, ngoi tr cc tnh nng c thm nh: bt tt tnh nng Expand thng k thnh phn hnh hc c tnh ti componetn con

hay khng, ngun load component

Delete xa component khi th vin In Model cng vi tt c cc bn sao tng ng trong m hnh.

Reload cp nht thay i file ngun vo component trong th vin cng nh bn sao tng ng trong m hnh.

Save As lu thnh file ring Select Instances chn tt c cc bn sao tng ng

trong m hnh.

Replace Selected thay th component chn trc trong m hnh bng component ang chn trong th vin.

Click vo nt hnh tam gic t en nm ngang, gc trn bn phi hp thoi kch hot Details Menu vi cc tnh nng:

Icon View/List View duyt component theo tn hay icon. Refresh cp nht component khi c thay i trong h

thng.

Purge Unused xa scomponent tha trong m hnh. Add to / Remove from Favorites to hay xa cc th

vin component c nhn.


3. Component Outliner (Qun l Outliner) Bt tt hp thoi qua menu Window/Outliner. Chc nng chnh ca Component Outliner l qun l theo cu trc ph h (hierarchical tree) cc group_component trong m hnh, rt hu ch khi phi lm vic vi 1 m hnh ln v phc tp.

Trong hp thoi, click tn group_component chn, click p m bi cnh tng ng. Cc thao tc khc c th thc hin thng qua menu ng tng t ngoi khng gian v.

Vi group_component c cp con, dng k hiu (+) hay (-) trc n th hay cun tng nhnh ph h. Chn Expand All hay Collapse All trong Details Menu th hay cun ton b ph h.

C th nhn dng trng thi mi group_component theo h thng k hiu hnh_ch sau (xut hin u mi nhnh ph h)

ngha K hiu

Component 4 im vung en c

Group 1 im vung en c

Component kha 4 im vung xm + kha

Group kha 1 im vung xm + kha

Component ang m 4 im vung xanh rng

Group ang m 1 im vung xanh rng

Component_Group n Tn in nghing m

C th cu trc li cc group_component trong ph h bng cch xc nh v tr ngun, v tr, dng chut thao tc ko th.

C th dng b lc cc k t c trong tn group_component bng cch g k t vo Filter u hp thoi.

Cn phn bit 2 loi: Instance name v Definition name. Cc bn sao group_component cng loi trong m hnh cng chia s mt nh ngha chung. V th, cc group_component cng loi c th mang nhiu instance name ging hoc khc nhau nhng ch c duy nht 1 definition name.

Instance name ng u nhnh ph h cn Definition name nm trong du ngoc nhn.

Sa i instance name ca group_component bng cch chn mc Rename trong menu ng. Sa i definition name thng qua mc Entity Info trong menu ng.

u t cho vic t instance name, definition name cng qun l cu trc ph h group_component ngay t u mang li hiu qu rt ln trong vic cp nht m hnh sau ny.


4. Model Settings and Managers (Thit lp v qun l m hnh)

4.1 Model Info Dialog Box

Kch hot qua menu Window/Model Info. C chc nng qun l cc tham s ton cc nh hng n m hnh, mang yu t ha. Cc mc theo th t

4.1.1 Colors : iu khin mu sc hin th ca cc thnh phn trong khng gian v nh Edge (cnh), Face front/Face back (mt trc/sau) Hightlight (mu nh du chn), Constr lines (mu nt trc), Lock (mu i tng b kha).

Lu mc Background, Sky, Ground cho chn mu phng nn, mu tri, mu mt phng ngang. Thang trt Transparency v mc Show ground from below iu chnh ch hin th khi nm di mt phng nn OXY v nhn ngc di y nn ln.

4.1.2 Component : iu khin hin th ca cc group, component trong khng gian v.

Thang trt Fade similar component chnh m ca cc bn sao cn li khi m bi cnh ca mt trong s chng. C th check mc Hide n cc bn sao cn li.

Thang trt Fade rest of model chnh m ca phn m hnh cn li khi m bi cnh ca mt group, component. C th check mc Hide n phn m hnh cn li.

C th check Show component axes hin th h trc ca mi group, component.

4.1.3 Dimension : iu khin hin th ton cc cc ng kch thc.

Mc Text cho chn kiu, c v mu ca ch s kch thc. Check mc Show radius/diam prefix hin th tin t bn knh, ng knh.

Mc Leader Lines cho chn kiu nhn u ng kch thc v ng dng vi cc ty chn None, Slash, Dot, Closed v Open nh hnh v m t

Mc Dimension vi ty chn Horizontal to screen hoc Align to dimesion line qui nh ch s kch thc lun i din vi khung nhn hay lun nm trn ng kch thc.

Cc thang trt Hide when foreshorten, Hide when too small iu chnh ngng n ng kch thc khi qu ngn hoc khung nhn thu li qu nh.

Mc Troubleshooting cho ty chn im sng nhng ng kch thc v nh, khng bt vo i tng.


4.1.4 File : cha cc thng tin v thuc tnh file ang v nh tn, dung lng, a ch th mc, m t

Mc Alignment cho chn trc tnh nng t ng dn mt, lun quay v pha khung nhn, bng bt bin c th chn file hin hnh vo nh mt component trong file khc.

4.1.5 Location : gi lp a im t m hnh vi cc a danh cho trc hoc t thit lp theo ta a l. C th ch nh hng Bc trong mc Solar Orientation. Hp thoi Location rt quan trng khi mun gi lp bng chnh xc cho m hnh.

4.1.6 Section Planes : cho php hiu chnh dy nt ct, mu nt ct, mu ca mt phng ct hin hnh v khng hin hnh.

4.1.7 Statistics : thng k cc i ng hnh hc trong m hnh. Ty chn xa cc i tng tha Purge unused v sa cc li hnh hc Fix errors

4.1.8 Text : iu khin hin th ton cc cc ch thch.

Mc Text cho chn kiu, c v mu ca ch ghi ch.

Mc Leader Lines vi ty chn End point cho cc kiu u mi tn ch thch nh None, Slash, Dot, Closed Arrow v Open Arrow nh hnh v m t. Ty chn Leader qui nh hin th ch thch theo kiu View Based (lun gi trng thi 2 chiu ca ch) v Pushpin (quay ch trong khng gian ty theo khung nhn). Ty chn Select all text v Update selected text chn tt c i tng text trong

m hnh, thay i thuc tnh ri p dng thay i cho tt c cc i tng text chn.

4.1.9 Tourguide : qui nh thi gian chuyn ng ca mi khung nhn v thi gian chuyn i gia cc khung nhn khi lm slide trnh chiu.

4.1.9 Units : qui nh h n v ton cc ca m hnh. n v chn trong hp thoi ny s tr thnh mc nh, khng cn nhp km n v trong VCB. Tuy nhin, vn c th ch nh n v bt k cho mt gi tr c th, nu c tnh nhp km n v trong VCB.

4.2 Entity Info Dialog Box

Kch hot que menu Window/Entity Info. Khng th khi qut do rt linh ng v hon ton ph thuc vo i tng c chn trc khi kch hot. Hp thoi ny mang tnh hng i tng, ng dng ty lc, ty s linh ng ca ngi dng.

4.3 System Preferences Dialog Box

Kch hot qua menu Window/Preferences. C chc nng qun l cc tham s ton cc nh hng n mi trng lm vic ca phn mm SketchUp, mang yu t k thut


4.3.1 Drawing : vi cc ty chn cho kiu click chut, kiu v lin hon, hin th dy tc vi mc ch dung ha thi quen s dng cc phn mm ha khc nhau trc .

4.3.2 Extensions : Tt, bt cc nhm cng c nng cao trong SketchUp nh Ruby Script, Utilities Tools (Creat Face v Query Tool), Sandbox Tools.

4.3.3 Files : lu gi ng dn cc th mc chun.

4.3.4 General : qui nh ch lu bn backup, thi gian t ng lu, ch t ng kim tra li hnh hc khi m file

4.3.5 OpenGL : qui nh cc thit lp v chun OpenGL. Khng nn hiu chnh phn ny nu khng nm chc, v n can thip su vo ch hin th ca SketchUp.

4.3.6 Shortcuts : dng t phm tt cho h thng. Rt hu ch nng cao tc v. Mc Function lit k tt c cc lnh theo menu, mc Assigned bo cho bit lnh c gn phm tt no trc cha. Nu assigned cn trng c th gn phm tt mi trong Add Shortchut

Click du (+) v (-) gn v g phm tt trong tng ng. C th dng phm

n hay t hp phm gn. Nn u tin phm n cho cc lnh thng dng nht. T hp phm nn c tnh gi nhc.

Khng t 2 phm tt cho 1 lnh hoc 1 phm tt cho 2 lnh.

H thng phm tt c th thit lp ring ty theo mi ngi dng trn cng mt my (nu s dng mng v phn quyn ng nhp).

H thng phm tt c th xut_nhp thng qua file .dat bng cch click nt Import_Export, rt hu ch di chuyn hoc thng nht h thng phm tt gia cc my, gia cc ngi dng

4.3.7 Template : dng m mt file mu c sn khi cn v mi mt m hnh. Mc nh SketchUp c sn cc file mu ng vi cc h n v : Architectural US, Centimeter, Meter, Millimeter.

Cng c th ti mt file SketchUp c lm file mu bng cch click vo nt Browser.

Cc file Template nn chp vo th mc C:\.Program Files\ @ Last Solfware\SketchUp 5\Templates.


1. nh sng Trong SketchUp ch c khi nim v nh sng trc tip ban ngy vi c th phn nh cc mng bng , mng sng ti khng c vng m chuyn tip. nh sng nhn to, hiu ng nh sng chuyn su khng c pht trin trong SketchUp.

Cc thit lp c bn v nh sng nm trong hp thoi Window/Shadow Settings hoc truy cp nhanh trn nhm cng c vi cc mc chnh

Display Shadow bt, tt ch hin th nh sng. Nn tt i khi ang dng hnh.

Time Chn gi trong ngy. Date Chn ngy trong nm Light chnh cng sng ca mng sng Dark chnh cng sng ca mng ti On face bt tt ch bng ln vt khc On ground bt tt ch bng ln nn

From edges bt tt ch ly bng ca ng nt

Cc thit lp ny mang tnh ton cc nh hng tt c cc i tng. Nu mun mt s i tng c hay khng c bng , c th thit lp qua hp thoi Entity Info ca tng i tng.

Mun gi lp nh sng nh a im thc cn kt hp vi mc Location trong hp thoi Model Info trnh by chng trc. Mun gi lp nh sng nh thi gian thc cn kp hp vi k nng lm slide show s c trnh by sau.

Trong SketchUp, vt trong sut di ngng 70% s khng c bng cng nh khng nhn bng t vt khc.

2. Vt liu 2.1 Material Browser (Chn vt liu)

Khi chn cng c Paint Bucket, hp thoi Material Browser s t ng kch hot thao tc chn mu hoc vt liu, sau click ln i tng gn mu hoc vt liu va chn.

V. ANH SANG, VAT LIEU, HIEN TH


Material swatch th hin mu vt liu hin hnh, nm gc trn bn tri hp thoi.

Library tab cc nhm th vin mu, vt liu c sn trong SketchUp hoc browse ti th vin c nhn ngi dng.

In Model tab cc vt liu ang dng trong m hnh. Create/Edit nt to mi / chnh vt liu thng qua hp

thoi Material Editor. C th chn lnh Edit nhanh bng cch click p vo mu vt liu.

Cc tnh nng khc trong Details Menu ca hp thoi

Display Size chnh c hin th mu vt liu trong browser Insert Material chn vt liu hin hnh trn material

swatch vo nhm th vin hin hnh trong browser.

Purge Unused xa cc vt liu tha trong m hnh. Clear/Open/Merge Library xa, m, ghp th vin. Sort by Name mc nh SketchUp sp xp vt liu trong

mt th vin theo sc thi mu, chn mc ny sp theo tn.

Save/Save As Library lu li cc thay i hoc lu th vin hin hnh thnh th vin mi.

Ngoi tr vt liu n thun mu sc, cc vt liu c s dng mu t thng c dung lng kh ln. Nn thng xuyn s dng tnh nng Purge Unused.

Kch hot menu ng ca mt mu t trong browser, chn Area bit tng din tch ca vt liu trong m hnh.

Vn cn mt s tnh nng linh hot khc nm trong menu ng ca mu vt liu trong Library tab v In Model tab phc v cho cc phng php v khc nhau ca mi ngi.

Khng nn ty tin thay i ni dung, cu trc cc nhm th vin chun ca SketchUp, thay vo , hy Save As chng thnh th vin c nhn trc khi thit lp cc ty bin.

2.2 Material Editor (Chnh mu vt liu)

Hp thoi Material Editor lun xut hin khi tin hnh to mi, hiu chnh vt liu hoc khi click p vo mu vt liu bt k. Cc tnh nng ca hp thoi

Material Name tn vt liu.

Material loi vt liu. Color Picker xa cc vt

liu tha trong m hnh.

Undo Color Changes xa, m, ghp th vin.

Match Color of Object in Model ly mu vt liu t i tng trong m hnh p ln vt liu ang chnh sa.


Match Color from Library Sample ly mu vt liu trong th vin p ln vt liu ang chnh sa

Use Texture Image - Texture File bt tt tnh nng dng hnh nh lm mu t. Ch nh file nh s ly lm mu t

Reset Color tr li trng thi mu sc ban u ca mu vt liu, trc khi chnh sa

Colorize chc nng ng b sc thi mu, gip cho vic chnh sa mu sc khng lm thay i tng quan nguyn thy gia cc mu vi nhau.

Dimensions iu chnh kch thc hin th mu t dng trong m hnh

Lock/Unlock Aspect Ratio kha-m kha t l ngang-dc ca mu t

Opacity iu chnh trong sut ca vt liu, trong sut di ngng 70% s khng c bng .

Add thm mt mu vt liu va chnh sa vo th vin 2.3 Position Texture Tool (T vt liu trong 3D)

Ngoi nhu cu hiu chnh b mt hin th vt liu, ta cn c nhu cu hiu chnh cch p vt liu trong khng gian cng nh bin hnh cch p . Thao tc chung

Click phi b mt c t vt liu > Texture > Position > Thao tc hiu chnh > K thc bng mc Done trong menu ng hoc phm Enter hoc click ra vng trng

Vt liu s c hin th di dng li n v, mt trong s chng hin th 4 im neo. C 2 loi neo

Neo c nh (Fixed Pin) khi thao tc vn gi tng quan vi cc im neo cn li. Dng thu phng, di chuyn, quay mu t bng icon v tnh nng nh sau

Icon neo c nh Tnh nng

Click r chut di chuyn mu t.

Click r chut theo gc ng h scale, r chut vng trn xoay mu t

Ko xin mu t theo hnh bnh hnh

Hiu chnh mo phi cnh ca mu t

Neo t do (Free Pin) khi thao tc khng gi tng quan vi cc im neo cn li. Dng hiu chnh mo phi cnh ca mu t

Click n ln neo di chuyn v tr neo

trn mu t. Lu neo c nh thch hp vi cc mu t c qui tc nh gch, ngi. Neo t do thch hp vi mu t l nh nn.

Cc tnh nng trong menu ng ca neo c nh, neo t do


Fixed Pin chuyn i qua li gia 2 loi neo

Done kt thc thao tc hiu chnh v lu kt qu. Tng ng click chut ra khong trng kt thc lnh, lu kt qu.

Reset khi phc trng thi trc khi chnh sa. Tng ng phm Ecs trong thot khi lnh, khng lu kt qu

Flip lt mu t theo phng ngang hoc ng

Rotate xoay mu t cc gc 90,180,270

Undo/Redo phc hi thao tc ti hoc lui tng bc, hhc vi Undo/Redo ton cc

Khi t mt nh nn ln mt gp khc, mi mt s nhn ta nh ring bit, khng lin mch. t hnh nn lin

mch qua cc mt gp khc thao tc nh sau:

T mt u tin nh thng thng Click phi mt va t > Texture > Position nhng khng

chnh g c. Sau chn Done

Chuyn cng c Paint Bucket, dng phm Alt ly mu nh nn trn mt va t.

Tin hnh t cc mt tip theo, nh nn s lin mch trn cc mt sau .

Tnh nng ny ng dng khi cn t nh mt dng ch lin mch qua cc mt gp khc chng hn.

Thao tc hiu chnh cch t khng c tc dng vi vt liu trn mt cong. Nu mun, phi hin th cc nt khut chia mt cong (View/Hidden Geometry) ri hiu chnh trn tng mt phng thnh phn

3. Hin th 3.1 Qun l trang mn hnh (Pages)

Trong SketchUp, c th thit lp nhiu trang mn hnh (Pages), mi trang lu gi mt kt qu hin th vi cc thit lp tng ng i km. Thao tc qun l page thc hin thng qua hp thoi Window > Pages vi cc ni dung

Add/Delete thm hoc xa mt trang mn hnh. Tn trang v m t trang c th nhp vo mc Name v Description

Update lu li cc thit lp i km vi trang mn hnh sau khi ta thay i. Cc thit lp ny bao gm cc mc bn di hp thoi (Properties to save) : camera, bng , n-hin, mt ct, kiu hin th, h trc v layer. Ch c mc c nh du mi lu li.


Include in slideshow ch trang no c nh du mc ny mi c tnh vo chui slideshow lm hot cnh.

Nt mi tn ln xung iu chnh th t trc sau ca trang mn hnh. Nt mi tn thu gn hp thoi

Sau khi khi to trang mn hnh u tin, hng trn cng khng gian v xut hin thanh Page Tab m qua c th thao tc menu ng vi cc ni dung

Add/Update/Delete c tnh nng tng t trong hp thoi Slideshow trnh din hot cnh tm thi trn mn hnh Page Manager m hp thoi qun l

Lun lu li cc thit lp i km mi khi thay i chng, nu khng bn s phi thc hin li cc thao tc hiu chnh

Trnh t Pages cng l trnh t slideshow trong hot cnh, thi gian lu nh v chuyn ng thit lp trong hp thoi

Model Info, sau cng xut ra kiu file thch hp c hot cnh.

3.2 Ch hin th (Display Settings)

Trong SketchUp, kt qu hin th trn mn hnh cng chnh l kt qu hin th ca thnh phm. Tt nhin c th dng thm cc phn mm ha khc tc ng ln thnh phm nhng kh nng ny tng i hn ch. V th, nn ch ng thit lp hin th mong mun ngay trong SketchUp thng qua hp thoi Window > Display Settings vi cu trc sau

Hng icon khi lp phng t tri sang phi vi cc ch hin th cho mt phng (Face Rendering)

X-Ray Mode lm cho tt c cc mt phng trong SketchUp trong m, gip thao tc vi cc i tng b che khut. Ch hin th ny c th kt hp vi tt c cc ch , hiu ng hin th khc (nu di y)

Wireframe hin th khung dy. Hin th tt c cc nt khut v thy. Khng hin th mt phng. Cc cng c thao tc mt phng cng khng c tc dng.

Hidden Line ch hin th mt phng v nt thy. Khng hin th bng v vt liu. Thch hp xut bn v nt sau v tay hoc x l bng cc phn mm khc.

Monochrome cng l ch hidden line nhng bt hin th bng .

Shaded hin th mt phng, nt thy v bng bn thn di nh hng ca nh sng

Shaded with Textures hin th bng bn thn v vt liu. Ch ny lm chm tc x l ca phn mm, khng nn dng khi ang v.


Cc tnh nng hin th ca cnh (Edge Rendering)

Show Edges bt tt hin th cnh Show Profile bt tt hin th cnh vin ca i tng

hon chnh trong 3D. Nhp dy nt bng n v pixel

Depth Cue hiu ng nhn nt theo nguyn tc gn m xa nht. Nhp dy nt gn im nhn nht bng n v pixel.

Jitter Lines hiu ng mt nt nhiu ln nh v tay. Extension Lines hiu ng v d u nt. Nhp di

on d bng n v pixel

Endpoint hiu ng nhn m u nt. Nhp di on nhn m bng n v pixel

Phi hp cc hiu ng nt v mt phng vi nhau, bn s c rt nhiu ty chn sng to.

Edge Colors cho cc ty chn v mu sc ca nt

All Same chuyn tt c cc nt theo mu mc nh trong hp thoi Model Info. y ch l mu hin th, khng tht s thay th mu gn cho nt (nu c)

By Material hin th nt theo mu gn cho n. V trong SketchUp bn c th t mu cho nt.

By Axis hin th nt theo 3 mu ca 3 trc hin hnh m n song song. Tnh nng ny rt hu ch pht hin cc nt khng song song vi h trc hin hnh

Cc tnh nng b sung cho hin th mt (Additional Face Rendering Options)

Use sun for shading c nh bng bn thn theo mt tri. Nu khng chn tnh nng ny, bng bn thn thay i bt k theo v tr camera.

Enable Transparency bt tt hiu ng ca vt liu trong sut vi 3 mc u tin tng dn cho din ha nhng chm dn cho tc x l: Faster, Medium, Nicer

3.3 trn hin th (Soften/Smooth Edges)

Tnh nng Soften/Smooth Edges iu chnh chi tit ca mt cong. trn thp, mt cong th hin nh tp hp cc mt phng r nt. trn cng cao, mt cong cng mn, nt mt dn. Truy nhp hp thoi Soften/Smooth Edges thng qua menu ng trong khi v l cch nhanh nht. Cc ty chn

Angle between normals ngng gii hn ca gc gia hai mt phng s b lm trn. Tt c cc mt phng hp vi nhau gc nh hn hoc bng tr s ny s b lm trn

Soften coplanar lm trn, xa nt gia nhm cc mt phng hay gn nh phng.

Khi lm trn, cc nt khng tht s b xa m ch n i. C th hin th chng di dng nt t qua menu View > Hidden Geometry


3.4 Tinh chnh khung nhn

Nhm cng c quan st c bn (Camera Tools) h tr dng v hiu chnh hnh. Nhng trc khi xut ra thnh phm cn tri qua vi thao tc tinh chnh.

Position Camera (nh v camera)

Chn cng c, cao tm mt t ng thit lp 5 feet, 6 inches (tng ng 1676mm).

Click chut bt k trong khng gian v xc lp khung nhn khng im ch. Hoc click > gi chut > ko xc nh tia nhn v ch n > th chut thit lp khung nhn c im ch.

C th iu chnh cao tm mt trong VCB trc hay sau khi nh v. C th dng trc cc ng trc (construction line) nh v chnh xc camera

Hiu chnh trng nhn phi cnh

Kch hot cng c zoom > Thanh VCB hin th tiu Field of View cho php thay i trng nhn phi cnh thng qua n v (deg) ca gc nhn hoc (mm) ca tiu c ng knh

ty theo n v nhp vo. Mc nh l n v gc.

Look Around (Nhn quanh)

Cng c ny dng quay camera 360 trn chn chng c nh, tng ng vic o mt nhn bao qut.

Sau khi kch hot cng c th r chut thao tc.

3.5 Slideshow v Animation

C th xem hiu ng chuyn ng quanh cng trnh nh th no qua cng c Walk. Nhng nhn chung cng c ny cn thiu tin li trong iu khin v hiu qu mang li khng bng slideshow. Nguyn tc thc hin

T chc tht tt trnh t v cc thit lp hin th ca Pages. Trnh t, thit lp ca page chnh l kt qu s th hin trong slideshow v animation.

S Pages cng t cng tt. Ch to page cc im nt thay i v kch bn hoc hin th

Thit lp thi gian lu trang mn hnh v thi gian lu nh hp l.

Thit lp kiu nn video, s khung hnh trn giy v phn gii khung hnh tht hp l

Khi m bo tt cc nguyn tc trn, ch cn vic xut ra nh dng video rt n gin qua menu File > Export > Animation.

Hng dn s dng SketchUp 5.0 Ph lc Trang 1

A - Thut ng h tr

Tnh cht cng vic tuy khc vi gii tin hc nhng c nhng kin thc thuc din ph cp m kin trc s nn hiu bit nguyn l c bn ca n.

1. nh im (Raster images)

a. Khi nim: nh im c cu thnh t cc im hnh vung mang thng tin mu sc ring bit (pixels). Khi ghp st cc im vi nhau theo mt trt t ngang v dc s th hin ni dung nh. Lu :

Kch thc nh ln, s pixels cng nhiu, dung lng tp tin cng ln, nh cng r nt v mu sc trung thc.

Khng th tng kch thc nh ln hn s im nh thc t c c m khng lm gim cht lng nh.

b. Vi loi file nh im

JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Groups): cc k ph bin hin nay do kh nng nn rt cao, gim dung lng ti a, rt thch hp cho vic truyn gi nh gia cc thit b, email v xem trn trang web. Vic nn nh s lc b d liu, gim cht lng nh mt cch khng th hi phc.

PNG (Portable Network Graphics): Ph bin tng t chun JPEG nhng vic nn nh khng lm mt d liu im nh. Thn trng khi dng chun PNG cho m hnh th trong SketchUp (m hnh cha c mu t texture)

TIFF (Tagged Image File Format): Km thng dng do c qu nhiu chun TIFF v khng tng thch hon ton gi cc h thng khc nhau. Thng dng khi in n vi phn gii cao.

BMP (Bitmap): nguyn thy c pht trin cho Clipboard ca h iu hnh Microsoft Windows. Cc ng dng d dng tip cn chnh sa. Dung lng rt ln, khng thich hp cho mi trng truyn d liu v lu tr.

TGA (Truevision Advanced Raster Graphics Adapter or Tagar): chun TGA pht trin bi hng AT&T dng km vi Truevision video boards mang li phn gii cao v tnh tng thch mu cho my tnh c l s thi k u. Ngy nay, mi my tnh c nhn vi bo mch ha y nng lc c th qun i bo mch Targar. Tuy vy, chun TGA vn c s dng bi tnh cht nn khng mt d liu, n nh v c h tr knh alpha.

Epix: chun ring ca chng trnh Piranesi, mt chng trnh din ha kin trc.

PHU LUC


2. nh vect (Raster images)

a. Khi nim: ni dung nh c lu tr, th hin qua thng s cc vect hnh hc v thng s v mu.

Dung lng nh vect thng rt nh. T mt file nh vect c th xut ra cc phn gii bt

k m cht lng nh vn c gi nguyn

b. Vi loi file nh vect

EPS (Encapsulated PostScript): xy dng trn chun PostScript ca hng Adobe, l chun giao tip gia cc chng trnh v my in, c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip in v ha

PDF (Portable Document Format): cc k ph bin trong hot ng trao i n bn in t trn Internet. Chun PDF bo lu font ch, nh dng, i tng ha ca vn bn gc, c bit lu n chng trnh v h thng to ra vn bn gc. Bt k ai s dng phn mm Adobe Reader (min ph) cng c th chia s, tip cn, in n mt cch chnh xc nh cc ti liu PDF.

Lu : nhiu yu t ca mt m hnh SketchUp nh mu t (texture), bng (shadow), bng bn thn (smooth shading), hu cnh (background), xuyn sng (transparency) khng th xut sang chun PDF v EPS.

DWG (AutoCAD Drawing File): chun ca phn mm AutoCAD pht trin bi hng Autodesk vi nhiu phin bn khc nhau (R12,R14,R2000,R2004).

DXF (Data Exchange File): chun ha 2D c h tr bi hu ht cc ng dng CAD trn nn Macintosh v PC, nn dng trao i d liu gia cc ng dng CAD khc nhau.

3. Hot cnh (Animation)

a. Khi nim: hot cnh thc cht l mt lot cc nh vect hoc nh im c lin h vi nhau pht li theo thi gian thc. Cht lng v dung lng hot cnh hon ton ph thuc vo thi gian chiu, thut ton nn, s khung hnh/giy v kch thc khung hnh.

b. Vi chun nn video trong SketchUp

CinepakCodec by Radius: chun mc nh trong SketchUp. D khng mi m nhng cho ra nhng on film ng tin cy, chy sun s trn bt k h thng no cng nh trn CD-ROM, nn lng tt. Cinepak l chun nn bt i xng v lc b d liu khung hnh.

Intel Indeo Video R3.2: chun thit k ring cho vic chy file video t a CD-ROM, tnh cht tng t Cinepak nhng t ph bin hn.

Microsoft Video 1: thit k ring cho Window 3.1, cht lng khng cao v ngy nay rt him khi s dng.

Intel Indeo Video 4.2 - Intel Indeo Video 5.10: chun nn video lc b d liu khung hnh, tc , linh hot, tng thch tt vi mt cht lng nh trung bnh. Vic khai thc i khi i hi cc phn mm chuyn bit ca Intel.


Full Frame Uncompressed: xut hot cnh trn vn, khng thc hin bt k vic nn d liu no. Nn xut hot cnh dng ny trc khi tin hnh trch xut cc phng n cht lng khc nhau.

4. Chnh mu sc trong SketchUp (Color Picker): c h tr hn ch theo h mu HSB (Hue, Saturation, Brightness), HLS (Hue, Light, Saturation) v RGB (Red, Green, Blue). iu ny cho thy vic in n khng phi l mc tiu hng ti ca SketchUp. c c n bn sau cng, chng ta phi kt hp x l vi cc cng c ha khc.

5. Ruby API: bn c th s dng ngn ng lp trnh Ruby xy dng thm cc tin ch, menu, macro, plug-in cho SketchUp theo chun API (Application Programming Interface). Ruby l mt ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng mi do Nht Bn pht trin.

Bn thn SketchUp cng tch hp kh nng truy cp trc tip c php ngn ng Ruby trong mt ca s console. Vic khai thc Ruby API trong SketchUp c ngha tng t nh AutoLISP trong AutoCAD.

7. OpenGL: cng nh cc ng dng 3D khc, SketchUp i hi ti nguyn h thng kh cao. Bn cnh b vi x l mnh (CPU) v b nh RAM ln, bn nn c bo mch ha mnh v trnh iu khin bo mch h tr 100% chun OpenGL.

OpenGL l mt chun cng nghip s dng trong hu ht cc ng dng v tr chi c nhu cu th hin hnh hc khng gian.


B - Thut ng dng trong SketchUp

Autofold: vic chn mt im thuc cnh hoc mt ca mt i tng hnh hc, di chuyn chng, dn n kt qu i tng hnh hc b x ko, vn xon hay gp.

Component: l mt trong cc thnh t hnh hc ca SketchUp, c th bao gm cc thnh t khc. C th s dng li nhiu ln gia cc m hnh hoc trong cng m hnh. Thuc tnh cc Component tham chiu vi nhau nn c th p dng vic thay i hng lot.

Construction Tools: cc cng c hnh hc chun, m bo cc i lng trong xy dng.

Context: bi cnh. L khi nim c lp ha cc thnh t hnh hc theo tng cp ph h. Khi chy SketchUp, mc nh bn ang lm vic trong model context. Khi to Component hoc Group ng thi bn to context con ca model context v c th tip tc c cc context nh hn na nu bn tip tc to Group trong Group, Component trong Component. Hu ht cc thao tc lnh ca bn ch c gi tr trong context hin hnh.

Context Menu: menu ng c ni dung ty theo bi cnh. Kch hot context menu bng cch chn i tng v click phi.

Default Material: vt liu mc nh, mc nhin gn cho tt cc cc mt phng to mi trong SketchUp cho n khi bn thay i vt liu ca mt phng . Vi vt liu mc nh, mt trc v mt sau ca 1 mt phng c hiu l khc nhau.

Drawing Tools: cc cng c dng v cc thnh t hnh hc (entities) trong SketchUp.

Entity: cc thnh t hnh hc to nn mt m hnh.

Group: nhm. L mt trong cc thnh t hnh hc ca SketchUp, c kh nng cha ng cc thnh t khc. Vic chia nhm hay gi trng thi sticky cn cn nhc theo chiu hng c li nht cho m hnh.

Ground Plane: mt phng nm ngang tng trng cho mt t. SketchUp qui c mt phng OXY tuyt i l Ground Plane, mi cao u c so vi Ground Plane.

Healing: hn 2 mt phng ng phng ring r bng cch xa phn tuyn.

Inference: ni suy trong SketchUp, khi dng km tnh nng kha hng s rt hu dng cho vic dng hnh.

Insertion Point: im chn ca component

Layer: lp i tng iu khin vic hin th, h thng ha cc i tng trong m hnh. Layer trong SketchUp tng t layer trong AutoCAD vi cc thuc tnh Tn, Mu, Hin th nhng khng c Kiu nt v dy nt.

Layer Manager: hp thoi qun l h thng layer trong m hnh.

Origin: im gc h trc ta trong SketchUp

Page: trang hin th. Ging nh khi nim slice trong cc ng dng trnh chiu. Mi trang hin th cha m hnh hin hnh v


cc thit lp hin th nh im nhn, bng , kiu hin th v mt ct. Cc trang hin th c th kt hp vi nhau to thnh hot cnh trnh din TourGuide.

Principal Tool: cc cng c c bn trong SketchUp.

Ruby Console: mi trng m rng trong SketchUp, ni bn c th thao tc c php ngn ng Ruby

Ruby Programming Language: mt loi ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng.

Ruby Script: nhng on m chng trnh nh vit bng ngn ng Ruby, mc ch thm cc tnh nng tu bin cho SketchUp

Sandbox: mt c tam gic ha, ging nh sn ct, thng dng v a hnh trong SketchUp. C th to Sanbox bng nhm cng c Sandbox Tools.

Section Plane: mt phng ct dng nh v, nh hng nht ct trong m hnh.

Section Slice: vt ct. L giao tuyn gia mt phng ct v i tng b ct.

Split: chia mt mt phng thnh 2 hay nhiu phn khc nhau bng cch v trn 1 hay nhiu on thng

Sticky - Stickiness: trng thi cc i tng dnh vo nhau, khi di chuyn thnh phn ny s bin dng thnh phn dnh vi n.

Three-Point Perspective: phi cnh 3 im t.

TIN (Triangulated Irregular Network): mt a hnh tam gic ha. Mt TIN c th xem nh Sandbox hoc Mesh.

Two-Point Perspective: phi cnh 2 im t, tt c cc on song song trc Z (Xanh) u vung gc vi mt phng ngang.

Value Control Box: hp nhp hin th tr s trong khi v, nm gc di bn phi mn hnh giao din SketchUp

Walkthrough Tool: cng c gi lp vic i b xung quanh v bn trong m hnh

X-Ray Mode: ch hin th m tt c cc mt trong m hnh u xuyn sng. Rt hu dng xem v chnh sa cc phn b che khut bn trong hoc pha sau ca m hnh.

Hng dn s dng SketchUp 5.0M uMc lcChng 1: Giao din vi ngi dng Chng 2: V cn bnChng 3: V nng caoChng 4: V c h thngChng 5: nh sng, vt liu, hin thPh lc

giao trinh sketch up

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