giáo_trình_tiếng_anh_chuyên_ngành_cầu_-_Đường_(unit_7)

8/11/2019 Giáo_trình_tiếng_Anh_chuyên_ngành_Cầu_-_Đường_(Unit_7)

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Authors: Do Viet Hai – Phan Hoang Nam

1 English for Road and Bridge Engineering

Unit 7: PUBLIC TRANSPORT

INTRODUCTION

Public transport (also public

transportation or public transit) is a

shared passenger transportation service

which is available for use by the

general public, as distinct from modes

such as taxicab, car pooling or hired

buses which are not shared by

strangers without private arrangement.

Public transport modes include buses, trolleybuses, trams and trains, rapid transit(metro/subways/undergrounds etc) and ferries. Public transport between cities is

dominated by airlines, coaches, and intercity rail. High-speed rail networks are

being developed in many parts of the world.

Most public transport runs to a scheduled timetable with the most frequent services

running to a headway. Share taxi offers on-demand services in many parts of the

world and some services will wait until the vehicle is full before it starts. Paratransit

is sometimes used in areas of low-demand and for people who need a door-to-door

service.

Urban public transport may be provided by one or more private transport operators

or by a transit authority. Public transport services are usually funded by government

subsidies and fares charged to each passenger. Services are normally regulated and

possibly subsidized from local or national tax revenue. Fully subsidized, zero-fare

(free) services operate in some towns and cities.

For historical and economic reasons, there are differences internationally regarding

use and extent of public transport. While countries in Old World tend to have

extensive and frequent systems serving their old and dense cities, many cities of the

New World have more sprawl and much less comprehensive public transport.





THE AD VANTAGES OF USIN G PUBLIC TRAN SPORT SYSTEM S

A public transport system is a shared public mass transportation form that is

provided for use to the general public. These systems are organized and efficient,

and come in many forms, from the Subway or bus to a taxi to trams, coaches,

airplanes, and high speed railways. Many of us are so reliant upon our own personal

vehicles that we rarely give any thought to the benefits of using these public modes

of transportation. However, if you live in a city or other area where you could easily

utilize these daily, you should know that it can actually make your life easier.

There are many reasons why public transport is a great idea. It can save you a lot of

money. Everyone knows how expensive it is to fill your car up with gas. Not to

mention the cost of the car itself and insurance protection that you need to cover it.

Owning your own vehicle is a pretty major expense. And while you do have to pay

to ride public transportation systems, it will likely end up being a whole lot cheaper,

especially if you do it often.

It can also offer great convenience. Tired of fighting traffic day after day to get to

your job? Consider that the subway or tram may just miss all this traffic. Not to

mention the fact that it allows you more time to be focused on other things. Rather

than driving, you can be making business calls, planning your day, or jotting down

notes. All you have to do is show up and get on board and you will be escorted toyour destination. The service could not be better.

There are some who like to be in control, and feel that they can be more so when

they drive their own vehicle. However, if you call forking out a lot of money each

month and waiting in hour long traffic being in control, then consider the

alternative: peacefully relaxing in the back of a cab or flying through the air on a

plane, blissfully unaware of traffic accidents below that will have traffic backed up

for hours. Public transports can also be quite helpful when you are traveling to other

countries. It is obviously not realistic to consider taking your car overseas, so your

only alternatives are to rent a vehicle when you get there or ride the public system.

When you realize that roadways and signs in other countries are often a little

confusing, you may opt for allowing yourself to be escorted from place to place. It

will make your day more relaxing, too.





PUBLIC TRANSPORT VERSUS OW NING A CAR

Public transport services are offered in most major cities all around the world. It

offers a cheap alternative to the cost of owning a vehicle or paying for a taxi when

you visit outside of your home town. Even if you have the money to purchase a car

to begin with, you have a number of other expenses to deal with.The cost of gas and maintenance fees such as oil changes and new tires can add up

to be more than the fees for a monthly pass. While it depends on the time of day

you are travelling, it can even be a faster way to get into town. Otherwise, it's up to

you do determine if you can have the extra time to spend on travel.

Parking fees should be considered as well. If you aren't paying for hourly parking,

you will be looking at high fees for day passes or monthly parking. Without your

own regular space, you need to spend time and energy finding a place to put your

car and hope that you're within a reasonable walking distance to your work or target

location.

You also do not have to worry about the extra money needed to repair a car when it

breaks down. Whether money is tight or not, it is never fun to have to worry about

getting your car to a shop and handing over hard earned cash that you would

otherwise not have to spend.

Getting to know public transportation in any city, whether it's in your home town or

not, is not always easy. Unfortunately, it is not going to be the same everywhere

you go. However, once you figure out how to use the public transport where you are

it can be well worth the effort you put in.





Vocabulary

Word Pronounced Meaning

public transport

public transportation

public transit

passenger

taxicab

car pooling

hired bus

trolleybus

tram

train metro

subway

underground

ferry

scheduled timetable

coach

intercity rail

paratransit

transit authority

personal vehicle

benefit

insurance

protection

peacefully

blissfully

public transport service

maintenance fee

parking fee

extra money

energy





Further reading

HANOI M ETRO

Hanoi Urban Metro (Hanoi Metro) is a metro rail system that will be developed in

Hanoi, Vietnam, by 2020. The project is part of an integrated development

programme for urban transport in Hanoi and will provide a safe, efficient and clean

urban transportation system. It is the fourth-biggest project in Vietnam to utilise the

Japanese Government’s official development assistance capital.

Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second-largest city, with a

population of about six million. Many trains, including services to Hai Phong and

Ho Chi Minh City, depart from Hanoi station. The Union Express travels from

Hanoi to Ho Chi Minh City, stopping at cities and towns along the route.Commuters in Hanoi use motorbikes, buses, taxis and bicycles. The metro project is

part of the Vietnam Ministry of Transport's master plan, which aims to reduce the

use of private transport and enhance the urban environment.

The metro system will have five routes. The main route - line 3 - will be the first

metro line in Hanoi. On completion, the route will provide transport to 200,000

passengers a day. It broke ground in September 2010 and is expected to become

operational by the end of 2015.

The entire project is being carried out by Hanoi Metropolitan Rail Transport Project

Board (HRB), formerly known as the Hanoi Authority for Tram and Public

Transport Development Management (HATD). Technical studies of the system

were completed in 2009.

Project

The feasibility study for a Hanoi metro pilot route / line was completed in October

2005 and design of the pilot line started in 2007. The pilot route will be an east-

westbound line and will connect 12 stations in the city bewteen Hanoi station and

Nhon depot.

The 12.5km pilot line will incorporate a 5.5km single track U-viaduct and a 4km

twin tunnel structure. The system will include 9.6km of elevated and 2.9km of

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