gigabit passive optical network

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1 Gigabit Passive Optical Network 指指指指 指指指指指 Speaker 指指指 Date 2010/04/28

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Gigabit Passive Optical Network. 指導教授:吳和庭教授 Speaker :蘇泳蒼 Date : 2010/04/28. Outline. Introduction Media Access Control Downstream GTC frame structure Upstream GTC frame structure GEM frame structure Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Conclusion Reference. Introduction. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Gigabit Passive Optical Network

指導教授:吳和庭教授Speaker :蘇泳蒼Date : 2010/04/28

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Outline

Introduction Media Access Control Downstream GTC frame structure Upstream GTC frame structure GEM frame structure Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Conclusion Reference

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Introduction

GPON 的標準化是由 Full Services Access Network (FSAN) consortium 來執行,並且在 2003年通過了 International Telecommunication Union — Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) 的標準。

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Introduction

GPON 主要由 Optical Line Terminal (OLT) 、 Optical Network Unit (ONU) 、 Optical Distribution Network (ODN) 所組成。

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Introduction

GPON 從 central office 到 user 的傳送距離可以到達 20km 。

GPON 可以支持到 64 個用戶。 GPON 有兩種傳送速度的組合:

1.2 Gbit/s up, 2.4 Gbit/s down 2.4 Gbit/s up, 2.4 Gbit/s down

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GPON transmission convergence layer

G-PON transmission convergence (GTC) layer is cmprised of two sublayers, the GTC framing sublayer and the GTC adaptation sublayer.

GTC framing sublayer 主要是將資料組成 GTC frame 。

GTC adaptation sublayer 主要是將 Service data units 轉成 GEM protocol data units 。

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GPON transmission convergence layer

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GPON transmission convergence layer

Physical layer OAM Operations, Administrations and Maintenance (PLOAM) 是管理 PMD and GTC。

The ONU management and control interface (OMCI) 是用來做 GTC 上層服務的管理。

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Media Access Control

OLT 會用 upstream bandwidth map (BWmap) field of the downstream physical control block (PCBd)送出 pointers 控制 upstream traffic 。

pointers 會指示每一個 ONU 可以上傳的開始時間和結束時間。

在任何時間內只有一個 ONU 可以 access the medium 。

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Media Access Control

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GTC frame structure

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Downstream GTC frame structure

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Downstream GTC frame structure

Physical synchronization (PSync) field : PSync field 是一個固定的 32-bit pattern ,它的 coding 是0xB6AB31E0 ,用來實現同步機制。

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Downstream GTC frame structure

ONU 一開始是在 Hunt state ,接著 ONU 會搜尋PSync pattern ,一旦發現正確的 PSync pattern , ONU 就會進入 Pre-sync state ,假如一個不正確 PSync field 被發現, ONU 就會回到 Hunt state ,若是收到 M1-1 個連續的正確 PSync pattern 就進入 Sync state ,此時 ONU 會開始處理downstream GTC frame ,假如 ONU 偵測到連續M2 個的不正確 PSync field , ONU 就會回到 Hunt state 。 M1 建議值是 2 , M2 是 5 。

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Downstream GTC frame structure

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Downstream GTC frame structure

Ident field :用來指示較大的 framing structures 。 physical layer OAM (PLOAM) :用來傳送管理資訊。 BIP :用來提供 bit error rate estimation 。

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Downstream GTC frame structure

PLend field 分成下列 3 個部份 length of the bandwidth map (Blen) :說明

BWmap 的長度。 length of the ATM partition (Alen) :應該全部填

0 。 CRC :對 PLend field 提供 error detecting and

correcting functions 。

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Downstream GTC frame structure

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Downstream GTC frame structure

bandwidth map (BWmap) : BWmap 是一長串的8-byte allocation structure , 每一個 allocation structure 都代表一個 T-CONT 的 bandwidth allocation 。

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Downstream GTC frame structure

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Downstream GTC frame structure

Allocation ID field :指出 T-CONT 。 Flags field :

Bit 11 (MSB) :指示送出 power levelling sequence (PLSu) 。

Bit 10 :指示送出 PLOAMu 。 Bit 9 :指示利用 FEC 。 Bit 8 and 7 :指示送出 DBRu (mode) 。

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Downstream GTC frame structure

StartTime field :指示傳送的開始時間。 StopTime field :指示傳送的停止時間。 CRC field :對 BWmap field 提供 error detecting

and correcting functions 。

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Upstream GTC frame structure

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Upstream GTC frame structure

preamble :用來做同步。 delimiter :用來表示 frame 開始。 BIP :用來提供 bit error rate estimation 。

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Upstream GTC frame structure

ONU-ID field : ONU-ID 是在 ranging process 期間指派給ONU 。

indication field :提供 real time ONU 狀態回報給 OLT 。 physical layer OAM (PLOAM) :用來傳送管理資訊。 Dynamic bandwidth report upstream (DBRu) :有兩個欄位

分別是 DBA field 和 CRC field , DBA field 包含 T-CONT的 traffic status , CRC field 用來對 DBRu 做錯誤偵測。

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Mapping of GEM frames into GTC payload

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GEM frame structure

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GEM frame structure

PLI : PLI 指出 payload 有多少大小, PLI field 有12bits ,因此 fragment 最多只有 4095 bytes 。

Port-ID : Port-ID 提供 4096 個 traffic identifier ,可以有一個以上的 Port-ID 在 Alloc-ID/T-CONT 傳送。

PTI : PTI 指出 payload 的 content type 。 HEC : HEC 對 header 提供 error detecting and

correcting functions 。

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GEM frame structure

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GEM frame structure

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GEM frame structure

user data fragment 必須是連續的,也就是 user data fragment 不能橫跨 GTC frame boundary 。

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GPON time division multiplexing architecture

In the downstream direction ,是用 GEM Port-ID去識別 GEM frames , ONU 只會擷取屬於自己的GEM frames 。

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GPON time division multiplexing architecture

In the upstream direction , upstream bandwidth allocation 是用 allocation ID (Alloc-ID) 去識別, ONU 用 GEM Port-ID 去識別 GEM frames 是屬於哪種 logical connections 。

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Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

不論 ONU 有多少 Alloc-ID , GEM frames 都在上面傳輸,且每個 Alloc-ID 都有 logical buffer 。

DBA 會藉由推斷 buffer 的佔有資訊,創造出BWmap 來和 ONU 溝通,以達成 DBA 。

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Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

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Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

DBA 方法可以被分為兩種: Status reporting (SR) DBA :所有的 ONU 會回

報 data 占住多少 buffer , OLT 會利用回報回來的資訊來做計算。

Non status reporting (NSR) DBA : ONU 不會回報資訊, OLT 會藉由觀察 idle GEM frame ,來做 bandwidth allocation 。

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Transmission containers

GPON 會利用 Alloc-ID 對應到一個 Traffic descriptor 來做 Quality of Service (QoS) 。

Transmission containers (T-CONTs) 依據其服務方針可以分為五種。

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Transmission containers

T-CONT 1 guarantees fixed bandwidth allocation for time-sensitive applications.

T-CONT 2 guarantees fixed bandwidth allocation for not time-sensitive applications.

T-CONT 3 is mix of minimum guaranteed bandwidth plus additional nonguaranteed.

T-CONT 4 is best effort, dynamically allocated without any guaranteed bandwidth.

T-CONT 5 is mix of all service categories.

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Conclusion

GPON 對於 fiber to the home (FTTH) 和 fiber to the building/curb (FTTB/C) 提供了一個選擇。 GPON 有很大頻寬和利用 DBA 來支持 QoS ,以滿足用戶的需求。

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Future works

對於 GPON 的架構做更詳細的研究。 更加了解 GPON 的運作和管理。 對 GPON 的 Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation 作更深

入的探討。

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Reference

ITU-T Recommendation G.984.1, 2008. ITU-T Recommendation G.984.3, 2008. Liu Yang, Zhang Guoping Li Qing, “An Improved Dynamic

Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for GPON”, Symposium on Photonics and Optoelectronics, 2009.

Effenberger, F. ,Clearly, D. ,Haran, O. ,Kramer, G. Ruo Ding Li ,Oron, M. ,Pfeiffer, T. , “An Introduction to PON Technologies”, IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.45, March 2007.

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Q&A

Thanks for your attention