B GIAO DC AO TO --ooOoo--- TRNG I HC NNG LM K THUT TRNG NM LEDUY THNG 2010 LEDUY THNG 2010 NM L G ?

1.Nm khong phi thc vt - Khng c kh nng quang hp. - Vch t bo bng chitin v glucan (thay v cellulose). - ng d tr l glycogen (thay v tinh bt). 2.Nm cng khng phi l dng vt - Ly dinh dng qua si nm nhr cy. - Sinh sn bng kiu to bo t (hu tnh v v tnh). V vy, nm c xp vo mt gii ring gi l gii nm (MYCOTA). X X ? ? ?!

NAM TRONG THE GII SINH VT Gii KHI SINH (MONERA) Vi khunXa khuan Gii NGUYEN SINH (PROTISTA) Tao Nguyen sinh V Nam nhay Gii THC VAT (PLANTAE) TV bac thap TV bac cao Gii NAM (MYCOTA) Nam ln Nam nho Gii ONG VAT (ANIMALIA) V co xng V khong xng Nam gii sinh vt (theo Robert H. Whittaker,1969) AC IEM CHUNG CUA NAM * Cau tao dang si va sinh bao t * Phan ra: - Nam men - Nam moc (vi nam) - Nam ln * Nam ln cho tai nam hay qua theco kch thc ln, NHNG TAI NAM KHONG LO Chu M Chu u NHNG TAI NAM KHONG LO Chu Chu Phi Nam ln co ba loai: - Nam an c va an ngon: nam an - Nam khong an c hoac an khongngon (bao gom nhieu nam dc lieu) - Nam oc: nam co cha hoac sinh oc to NM N C V N NGON Amanita caesarea (nm x-da) n ngon Agaricus bisporus (nm m) Schizophyllum commun (nm chn chim) Phellinus sp. (nm thng hong) NM KHNG N CHAY N KHNG NGON NM C Amanita pantherina (nm beo) Amanita muscaria (nm ruoi) NAM THC DC PHAM QUNAM GIA TR NH MOT THC DC PHAM I. GIA TR DINH DNG Namlamotthcphamdochaayuthanhphan, nh ng, am, khoang, vitamin amcuanamkhongcaohntht,nhngchuyeula acid amin can thiet cho con ngi. Nam cha nhieu vitamin, nh B, A, C, D, E, K... Nhat la vitaminB,chcanan3gnamulngVitB12cho1 ngi trong 1 ngay. Nam giau khoang, nen giup tang sc e khang cua c the. II. GIA TR DC TNH 1. Nam cung cap nang lng thap, thch hp cho nhng ngi an kieng 2. Nhieu loai nam co dc tnh qu nh: * Nam meo: cha l, tao bon, rong huyet va giai oc gan. * Nam bao ng: cha chat pleurotin (khang sinh), retin (khang ung th) ac. folic (chong thieu mau) * Nam rm: co cha volvatoxin A1 va A2 (tr tim, c che te bao ung th) 3.Vach te bao nam co cha chat glucan phc hp vi mot loai protein co kha nang c che s phat trien cua te bao ung th. Biu d 1: Sn lng nm an trn th gii t 1975- 2003 02000400060008000100001200019751979 1986199119972003San lng (x1000 tan/ nam)ONG TRUNG HA THAO (NAM KY SINH) Nam thong gia 500 USD/ kgNam cuc gia 400 USD/ kgNAM CONG SINH RE CAY RNG S dung heo tm nam cuc Nam cuc trang (1,5kg) gia 330.000 USD NAM VA NUOI TRONG NAM AC IEM CAU TAO SI NAM cdimchungcuanmln:cutosivachotainam kch thc ln Si nm - Hnh ng, co vach ngan - Si nm phat trin chia thanh nhiu nhanh chnh va nhanh con - Co hai dng si: Si s cp: sinh ra t bao t, t bao co mt nhan Si th cp: phi hp hai si s cp, t bao co hai nhan - Si nm tang trng bang cach keo dai t du ngn cua si AC IEM SINH LY VA DINH DNG O2

CO2 O2

CO2 Ho hp: cn Oxy v thi CO2 Sinh sn nhanh bng bo t nm Ly thc an qua si nm DINH DNG NAM * Dinh dng chu yeu cua nam la:

- Chat ng (carbon): glucose t tinh bot hay chat x - Chat am (nit): bap, au hay ure, DAP hoac phan chuong - Chat khoang : tro rm, tro trau * Nam lay thc an t c the sinh vat khac (d dung) - C the chet = nam hoai sinh - C the song = nam ky sinh hoac nam cong sinh

Cac giai oan phat trien cua tai nam CU TRC TH TNG CAU TRUC AM Qua trnh tao am Cac kieu am a va b: ong am (2-4 bao t) c : D am (chia ngang) d : D am (chia doc)Nam meoNam tuyetNam rmNam m S SINH SAN HU TNH CUANAM NANG VAI DANG NAM THUOC NANG KHUAN Nam nao (Morchella) Nam cuc (Truffles hay Tuber) S SINH SAN HU TNH NAM AM VAI DANG NAM THUOC AM KHUAN Nam thong (Tricholoma matsutake) Nam rm(Volvariella volvacea ) VAI DANG NAM THUOC AM KHUAN Nam mang tre (Dictyophora duplicata) Nam linh chi trang (Ganoderma sp.) VAI DANG NAM THUOC AM KHUAN Nam hau thu (Hericium erinaceus) Nam tuyet (Tremella fuciformis ) Nhan hp nhat trong amGiam phanNguyen sinh phoiSi nam n boiam con non ch cha nhan lng boiQua the namN2NN+N NAM GIAI PHAP NONG SINH HOC TRONG TAN DUNG PHE LIEU NONG LAM NGHIEP Nang lng mat tri Cay trong San phamPhe phu lieu Cac giai phap khac Giai phap trong nam RacotLen men Trong nam

Co th Khoi Kh thi Nam an Phe lieu to dch NhitNuc thi NhitNuoi trn MnTroPhn bon Trn dtPhn bon

Chan nuoiCi to dtCy trng CC NHM NM NUI TRNG NM NNM PHT QUANGNM DC LIUNM CNG SINH Nm rm Nm mo Nm bo ng Nm hu th Nm m Nm ng c Nm thi dng Nm ngc bch Nm tr tn Nm trn chu Nm linh chiNm vn chi Nm chn chim Nm thng hong Nm gan b Nm mi Nm thng Nm phc linh AC IEM VAI LOAI NAM TRONG PHO BIEN (Theo th t t de en kho dan) 2Lentinusong coGo, mat ca x 3AuriculariaNam meo HoaiGo, mat cax 4TremellaTuyet nhsinhGo, mat cax 5PholiotaTran chauGo, mat cax 6FlamulinaKim chamGo, mat cax 7VolvariellaNam rmRm ra, chat xx 8AgaricusNam mRm ra+ phanxx So Ten namKieu C chat Nhiet o san xuat (oC) TTLa tinhViet Namsongchnh 2020-26 26 1PleurotusBao ngGo, mat ca, chat xxx Sinh hoc nam trong Kiem soat ieu kien nuoi trong KHOA HOC TRONG NAM Che bien nguyen lieu CAC YEU TO CAN CHO TRONG NAM I.Meo giong tot II. Che bien nguyen lieu thch hp III.Vo trung trong x ly nguyen lieu va san xuat IV.Cham soc V. Benh trong trong nam

I. MEO GIONG NAM MEO GIONG NAM - Nuoi trong nam can co meo giong nam vaphai la meo giong tot.- Meo giong nam phai am bao s on nh va hieu qua cho san xuat.- Meo giong hien nay pho bien san xuat theokieu nhan giong vo tnh va thuan khiet. Quy trnh 1: meo ging nm Ging gc Kim tra, sng lc Nhn ging Qua cc cp: 1, 2, 3 Meo gingCAC GIAI OAN NHAN GIONG NAM Giong goc Meo thachMeo cap 1 Meo hatMeo cap 2 Meo cong

Meo gia moiMeo cap 3 Meo thach meo lua Meo gia moi CC DNG MEO GING NM TH TRNG B PHN NUI MEO GING NM H thng bng ti chuyn meo ging Phng nui meo ging PHA CHE MOI TRNG DINH DNG 1. Nguyen tac Moi trng dung nuoi cay nam, am bao cung cap ay udinh dng can thiet va khong lam thay oi ac tnh cua nam. 2. Phan loai Da theo ac iem va tnh chat - Moi trng t nhien, tong hp va ban tong hp - Moi trng ran, long va ban long - Moi trng thach nghieng va thach sau Da theo chc nang - Moi trng phan lap, nhan giong , chon loc, kiem tra hoat tnh 3. Cach pha che

Bo sung cho u ncKiem tra pH Chia vao dung cu chaKh trung - Nc chiet - Agar- Hoa chat NC CHIET 1. Muc ch Bo sung nhng thc an t nhien cho nam 2. Cac loai nc chiet - Nc chiet tht (tht heo, tht bo) - Nc chiet rau cu, au, lua, cam - Nc chiet nam (nam men hoac nam an) - Nc chiet at 3. Mot vai lu y khi lam nc chiet - Chiet c toi a thanh phan dinh dng trong nguyen lieu. - Khong lam chay khet, h hong noi dung ben trong. - Khong lam bien oi thanh phan hoa, ly hay co chat oc hai (nh thuoc tr sau) I. Moi trng phan lap PGA (Khoai tay Glucose Agar) hoac PDA (Khoai tay Dextrose Agar), hai moi trng nay la mot. Cong thc nh sau: Khoai tay200g Glucose hay Dextrose 20g Agar20g Nc cat hoac nc may u1 lt pH = 6,5. Kh trung 121oC/ 30 phut Cach pha che moi trng dinh dng Khoai tay, ca rot Nam rm au Cam cac dang cu Nam khac Lua nay mam Got vo Ra Ra Ra Cat mieng Loai hat lepCat lat+ Nc Nc chiet

+ThachNau cho tan +Hoa chat Quay tan eu +Glucose Chia vao cac ong nghiem (3-4 ml) Ong thach Kh trung 121 oC /30 phut at nghiengThach nghieng e 24 gi va kiem tra nhiem PHA CHE MOI TRNG PGA CONG THC MOI TRNG PGA Khoai tay200g Glucose20g Agar20g Nc cat u 1.000mlpH = 6- 6,5 Kh trung 121oC/ 40 phutGot vo va can khoai tay Nau lay nc chiet BO SUNG DINH DNG Can ng (glucose)Can agar KIEM TRA NC VA PHKiem tra lai lng nc cua cong thc CHIA VAO DUNG CU CHA VA KH TRUNG Chia vao loKh trung 121oC/ 40 phut Ong nghim thch nghieng PHAN LAP GIONG Chuan b - Moi trng dinh dng - Mau nam phan lap - Ni lam viec Thc hanh phan lap nam GIONG BAN AU NGUON:Nhap MuaPhan lap Nhan giong Gi giongSan xuat H si nm (C quan dinh dng) Qu th nm (C quan sinh san) CAU TAO CUA NAMCHUAN B GIONG BAN AU II. Phan lap giong nam1. Chon mau nam - Mau ien hnh - Khong sau benh, t vet - Khong t nc 2. Ve sinh mau nam - Got bo goc - Ve sinh mat ngoai - Ra Chlorin 3. Tach e lo phan tht nam ben trong - Nam dang tht - Nam dang phien - Nam hoa go

Cat e tach oi tai nam Tach oi tai nam CAT OI TAI NAM Tach mo tht nam Lay mo tht nam ra khoi tai nam at ong nghiem nam ngang KIEM TRA KET QUA PHAN LAP NGAY CAY HIEN TNGNGUYEN NHAN 1 ngay- Nhieu om hoac vet loang - Tht nam tham en - Nhiem trung (do kh trung, mau vathoac thao tac cay) - Dao cay nong qua 2-3 ngay- Moi trng co nhieu omnho hnh tia ra xung quanh - Tht nam co t xam mocthang ng - Nhiem moc (do thao tac cay va phongcay khong sach) - Nhiem moc xam (do thao tac cay) 3-5 ngay- Tht nam co t lun phun baokn hoac bam xuong thach - T co cum, chay nc uc,tao sac to - T nam ang phat trien - T yeu hoac nhiem 6-10 ngay- T lan eu, day - T roi bong hoac kh sinh(moc ng) - T bac thang (cho day, chomong) - T tot - T xau - T yeu, thch nghi kem HIEN TNGNHIEM NGUYEN NHANHNG KHAC PHUC Nhiem hang loat- Kh trung khong at - Giong goc b nhiem - Xem lai thi gian va nhiet o kh trung -Xemlaiviecxlynguyenlieu:kch thc, o am... - Kiem tra ky giong goc trc khi cay Nhiem vi t le cao- Phong cay khong an toan - Nut bong b t - Thao tac cay cha tot - Giong goc b nhiem mot phan - Xem lai ve sinh va che chan gio - Nen s dung giay bt au. - Khi m noi hap, nen ch 10-15 phut, cho hi nong say kho nut -Nendungnutnhahoacoinutbong khac -Xemlaicachcay,khongthmanh, khong noi chuyen, khi m nut bong - Kiem tra ky giong goc trc khi cay. Co nhiem (t le khong cao) - Phong cay khong kn gio- Thao tac cay cha tot -Nutbongbt(nhng khong ong loat) - Ni u khong ve sinh - Xem lai viec che chan - Can than trong luc cay giong - Lam nh cach hng dan tren - Xem lai ni u giong CAC NGUYEN NHAN NHIEM TAP Moi trng Chang ay u Pepton 2g KH2PO4 0,46gK2HPO41g MgSO4 .7H2O0,5g Glucose 20g Agar 20g Thiamin (Vit B1) 0,5mg Nc cat u 1 lt pH = 6,5. Kh trung 121oC / 30 phut. Moi trng Agaricus Khoai tay 200g Pepton 2g Na2HPO42g MgSO4 .7H2O0,5g Glucose20g Agar20g Nc cat u 1 lt

pH = 6,5. Kh trung 121oC / 30 phut. Moi trng Raper Cao nam men2g Pepton2g KH2PO40,46gK2HPO41g MgSO4 .7H2O0,5g Glucose20g Agar20g Nc cat u1 lt pH = 6,5.Kh trung 121oC / 30 phut. MOI TRNG LAM MEO THACH Thao tac cy chuyn ging QUI TRNH CHE BIEN MOI TRNG HAT LuaGao au Bo bo RaRa Loai hat lep Them t nc Loai hat lepVo Nau chn (u nay mam)Nau chn (Ra) Chai hat(ong hat) Kh trung 121 oC /1 gi 30 Cay giong LAM MEO LUA QUI TRNH MOI TRNG CONG Rm raBe chuoiThan cayThan cayThan cayThan go bap aukhoai mmem Cat khucCat khuc Cat khucchat khucCa khucCa khuc 6- 8cm 5- 6cm 10- 12cm6- 8cm 10-12cm12-14cm Bo 3-4 cong Che oi Che 2-4 Che nho Phi kho Ngam voi 0,5%, 48 gi Vt ra- ra sach Lam rao nc Ao cam gao hoac cam bap Chai cong hoac tui cong Kh trung 121 oC/ 2gi Cay giong * LAM CONG M LAM MEO CONG M NUOI U MEO CONG Rm raTrauMat s da Mat ca go

Chat khuc Ngam voi 0,5% Tron nc voi 1%Tron nc voi 1% (2-3cm)36 gi U ong24gi Uong 24- 48gi Ngam voi 1% RaThem dinh dng Them dinh dng 36 gie rao(tam, cam, bap)(cam, hoa chat) Ra Them dinh dng Vat rao (cam, bap)Them dinh dng (lua nat,cam,tam)

Tui c chat Kh trung 121 oC/ 2 gi Cay giong* QUITRNH CHE BIEN MOI TRNG GIA MOI May cat rm (VN) May cat rm (TQ) May ep rm Vt rm ngam CAC CONG OAN LAM MEO NAM RM Bo sung dinh dngLAM MEO NAM RM Vo tui meo rm Noi kh trung V hap bch rm Cay giong vi phong cach ly GIONG TOTGIONG XAU - T nam day va trang eu tren cac loai c chat moi giai oan (thach, lua, cong, gia moi). - B nhiem tap: nguyen lieu nhay nht,comauucsa(nhiem trung); co mau sac la (nam moc). -Tmoctha,cuonhoacroi bong.-Tnhatmauthanhtngmangtren bch meo giong.- T c gi ni mat trong suot thi gian tang trng - T con trang, moi trng cha kho. -Teninongvaconang chieu. T chay nc vang. - Moi trng b kho, t nam b co lai, nam sat mat thach ANH GIA CHAT LNG GIONG KIEM TRA HOAT TNH GIONG Moi trng Czapek Dox Tinh bot(*) 10 g Glucose 5 g NaNO33,5 g K2HPO41,5 g MgSO4.7 H2O0,5 g KCl 0,5 g FeSO4.7H2O vet Agar20 g Nc u 1000 ml pH = 6,5 Kh trung 121oC/ 30-40 phut Moi trng PGA Tinh bot (*)10 g Khoai tay200 g Glucose 5 g Agar20 g Nc cat u1000ml pH = 6,5 Kh trung 121oC/ 30-40 phut (*) CMC : Carboxyl Metyl Cellulose MOI TRNG KIEM TRA HOAT TNH HIEN TNG NHIEM TRUNG HIEN TNG NHIEM MOC NHIEM MOC NUT BONG HIEN TNG NHIEM MOC HIEN TNG CHAY NC VANG HIEN TNG LAO HOA S THOAI HOA GIONG I.HIEN TNG Meo giong van trang tot, nhng khi nuoi cay: - T moc tha, t bam vao c chat nuoi trong (gia the) - Nam ra nho, tha, de b benh va nang suat kem II. NGUYEN NHAN T nam mat kha nang phan huy c chat, do he men (enzym) thuy giaikhong hoat ong, co the do: - Cay chuyen nhieu lan tren moi trng thach vi glucose - Gi giong qua lau, nhng khong hoat hoa trc khi s dung III. CACH KHAC PHUC - Khong cay chuyen giong qua nhieu lan. - Hoat hoa giong e phuc hoi - Phan lap lai giong khac

BAO QUAN GIONG NAM I.NGUYEN TAC Keodaithigiansdunggiongmakhongphaiphanlaphoactm giong mi. II. CAC PHNG PHAP - Gi giong tren thach - Gi giong tren hat - Gi giong tren cat - Gi ong kho III. PHUC HOI GIONG BAO QUAN - Hoat hoa giong e phuc hoi - Kiem tra hoat tnh he men thuy giai (amylase, cellulase) - Nuoi trong th e kiem tra hoac phan lap lai

BAO QUAN GIONG TREN THACH -Caynamlenmoitrngthachtrongong nghiemconutxop(chuyendung)cht an ay, roi bao quan nhiet o 20oC. Thi gian bao quan: 5-6 thang - Neu khong co nut xop ma phai ay bang bonggon,thnendungsap(paraffin)phu len mat nut bong day khoang 1-2 mm, bao quan nhiet o 20oC. Thi gian bao quan: 2-3 thang -Khitlanaymatthach,dungparaffin long(gigiong)phulenmatthach,bao quan nhiet o 20oC. Thi gian bao quan: 1-2 nam

Paraffin Thach BAO QUAN GIONG TREN HAT Chuan b lua - Lua ra sach, nau cho nt nanh.- e nguoi, o ra ro cho rao bt nc.- Cho vao ong nghiem sach, ay len mat cac hat lua bang mot mieng gon co tam nc nau lua.- ay nut va em kh trung 10 pound hay 121oC/ 2 gi. - Ch nguoi cay giong vao, u cho t nam moc ay. Gi 20oC. * Thi gian bao quan: 5-6 thang.

Lua Bong BAO QUAN GIONG TREN CAT - Cat ngam vi acid HCl hoac H2SO4 am ac trong 2 gi.- Ra di voi nc chay cho en khi sach acid (kiem tra pH).- Say hoac phi kho.- San lay nhng hat ng knh t 0,5- 1 mm cho vao ong nghiem (di ay a lot mot lp bong).- Phu len cat mot lp bong mong.- S dung nc nau lua va ng (2%) nho len mat bong cho ngam eu lp cat, ch ngng lai khi nc nau lua tham en lp bong ben di.- Kh trung 121oC/ 2 gi. e nguoi, - Cay giong nam rm va u cho en khi t an ay ong nghiem (t i en au tao bao t en o). Bao quan 20oC. * Thi gian bao quan: tren 2 nam. Cat Bong BAO QUAN GIONG ONG KHO - oi hoi phai co thiet b ong kho- T nam nuoi cay long e tao sinh khoi- a vao cap ong -40oC - Say trong ieu kien chan khong.- Bao quan mau trong ong thuy tinh hankn * Thi gian bao quan c rat lau May ong kho II. CHE BIEN NGUYEN LIEU TRONG NAM CAC BC TRONG CHE BIEN NGUYEN LIEU TRONG NAM 1. Gim kch thc (ct nh, xay nghin) 2. To m (nc, nc vi) 3. Phn hy c cht (x l vi, ng, nh ti)4. B sung dinh dng (cn chnh C/N, thm khong) 5. ng khi (khun, khay, bao) 6. X l nhit (c hoc khng) Mat caBa ma Rm ra NGUYEN LIEU TRONG NAM

X ly nc voi LAM AM NGUYEN LIEU 1% rm ra 1% mt ca ti 2% luc bnh Voi (CaO) Ca(OH)2 Thach cao (Ca SO4) Bot nhe (CaCO3) o am nguyen lieu cho: - Nam rm40 70% - Nam meo40 60% - Nam bao ng30 50% - Nam linh chi40 60% S PHAN PHOI NHIET O TRONG ONG U 45oC 60oC 80oC 55oC - Nc ngm u - X khun ln men - Nhiet o cao dit khunu iem May anh ti rm 1tan/ gi LAM Ti RM T LE C/N CUA VAI LOAI NGUYEN LIEU DUNG TRONG TRONG NAM(g/ 100g chat kho) THANH PHAN PHAN TCH Mat ca cao su Rm raBa maCui bapMun da Carbon tong so 43,512 48,964 49,190 52,450 46,090 Nit tongso0,7720,6460,6901,3680,560 T le C/ N56,36275,79671,28938,34082.303 LOAI NAMT SO C/ N THCH HP Nam rm40 - 60 Nam meo35 Nam bao ng20 - 30 Nam ong co20 - 25 Nam m17 - 18 NHU CAU C/N CUA MOT VAI LOAI NAM TRONG VIET NAM BO SUNG DINH DNG am hu c : cam gao, bot bap amam vo c (phan bon) : ure, DAP, SA.. Phan chuong : phan ga, bo, phan trun at KhoangTro, hoa chat (Mg, Mn..) NEN KHUON GOI RM TRONG NAM ong bch mat ca bang tui PP hoac PEONG TUI MAY ONG BCH PHOI VO LO TRONG NAM Cho mat ca vao loSoi lo cay giong III. VO TRUNG TRONGSAN XUAT NAM 1. V trng mi trng nuoi cay nam - X ly nc voi (pp hoa hoc) - U ong phan ra bang vi sinh vat (pp sinh hoc) - S dung hi nc diet khuan (pp vat ly) 2. V trng ni lm vic - Chn a im - V sinh ni lm vic - Hn ch tc nhn gy nhim 3. V trng thao tc - V sinh dng c - V sinh mu vt - Thao tc an tonVO TRUNG TRONG LAM NAM PHNG PHAP VAT LY 1. Tia X, tia t ngoi (UV) 2. Nhit: nhit m v nhit kh 3. Sng vi ba: l vi sng 4. Lc: lc bi v dung dch Noi hap ap suat (Autoclave) HI NC CO AP SUAT Noi hap ap suat (Autoclave) phong th nghiem Cach xep bch vao noi hap ap suat (autoclave) e kh trung KH TRUNG MOI TRNGI. MUC CH Nham diet cac mam nhiem co trong moi trng dinh dng. II. DUNG CU KH TRUNG Noi hap ap suat (autoclave) Np ni c vn ng h p sut Van an ton Bung hp Phu chm nc Mc chm nc Van x nc Van x hi III. CACH TIEN HANH - Cham nc - Xep dung cu vao noi (hoac vao thung hay gio) - ong nap- Nang nhiet - Xa hi e uoi khong kh (khi at 0,5 atm hay 0,5 kgf/cm2) - Tiep tuc nang nhiet cho en nhiet o can kh trung la 121oC(1 atmhay 1 kgf/ cm2) - Gi on nh nhiet o tren en khi het thi gian kh trung. - Tat ien hoac nguon cung cap nhiet. - e cho ap suat trong noi tr ve khong hoac xa hi that cham - M nap noi. - e 10 15 phut (cho say kho giap goi hoac nut bong) NOI HAP KH TRUNG GIONGNoi hap ap suat cong nghiep Lo kh trung bch phoi bang sat Kh trung bch phoi bang thung phuy HI NC KHONG AP SUAT Lo kh trung bch phoi bang ong cong xi mang Kh trung bch phoi bang tu s dung chao unHe thong kh trung vi lo hi Noi sup-de cung cap hi nc (1 tan hi/ gi) Kh trung bch phoi bang tu co he thong cung cap hi Thao tac cay chuyen Cay giong bang phong cach ly TU CAY VO TRUNGT cy thi (hotte laminar)T cy (box) Thao tac cay trong tu hotte HE THONG CAY GIONG T ONG Cay giong bang may cay t ong PHNG PHAP HOA HOC1. Ty u v v sinh phng c: phenol, formol, javel, lu hunh, vi 2. St trng da: ru, cn, iod, x bng, oxy gi,phm mu3. Dit khun: Kim loi nng: thy ngn (HgCl2), ng (CuSO4), bc(AgNO3) Khng sinh: penicillin, cloramphenicol, mycostatin Nng dc: dit nm (Zineb); dit khun (Valinomycin) 4. St trng mu vt: clorin (Hypoclorit Ca) PHNG PHAP SINH HOC 1. c ch sinh l vi sinh vt: pH, nhit . 2. S dng x khun hoc vi khun ANH HNG pH LEN VI SINH VAT1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14pHVI KHUAN NAM MOC NAM AN