gis, codice aperto e conoscenza condivisa, uno sguardo al futuro
TRANSCRIPT
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2016GIS, codice aperto e conoscenza condivisaGIS, codice aperto e conoscenza condivisa
Uno sguardo al futuroUno sguardo al futuro
Alessandro SarrettaAlessandro Sarretta
alessandro.sarretta [at] ismar.cnr.italessandro.sarretta [at] ismar.cnr.it
@alesarrett@alesarrett
Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca di Geomatica
NovembreOrto BotanicoAula Emiciclo
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Chi sono
• Ricercatore al CNR-ISMAR (Istituto di Scienze Marine)
https://impactstory.org/u/0000-0002-1475-8686
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Il futuro dei GIS è open o proprietario?
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Il futuro dei GIS è open o proprietario?
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Il futuro dei GIS?
• Se ne parla almeno dal 1990
The future of GIS (NCGIA CORE CURRICULUM 1990 Version): http://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/courses/klink/gis.notes/ncgia/u75.html#UNIT75
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Il futuro dei GIS?
• Se ne parla almeno dal 1990- Nessun riferimento a:- GPS
- VGI
- Mobile
- … internet :-)
The future of GIS (NCGIA CORE CURRICULUM 1990 Version): http://ibis.geog.ubc.ca/courses/klink/gis.notes/ncgia/u75.html#UNIT75
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Mini storia del GIS
• 1982, ARC/INFO, GRASS GIS
• 1986 MapInfo
• 1991 ArcView
• 1998 Shapefile
• 1999 ArcGIS
• 2002 QGIS
• 1989 WWW
• 1995 Map Guide
• 1996 Geomedia WebMap
• 1997 MapServer
• 2001 GeoServer
• 2005 Google Maps
• 1968, “nascita” del termine GIS: Roger Tomlinson "A Geographic Information System for Regional Planning"
https://www.gislounge.com/gis-timeline/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_mapping#History_of_web_mapping
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Cosa è cambiato nel tempo
• Da desktop a web a cloud
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Mappatura di dettaglio
• Indoor mapping • Droni
• Lidar
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Da 2D a 3D a 4+D
?
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Remote sensing e sensori
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VGI e Big Data
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Maps storytelling
• Mapstory
https://mapstory.org
• Story maps
http://storymaps.arcgis.com
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Opendi che cosa parliamo
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Open Knowledge
• Open source software
• Open data
• Open educational resources
• Open hardware
• Open science
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Il futuro dei GISè Open o proprietario?Il futuro dei GISè Open o proprietario?
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Il futuro è
Photo shared by velkr0 under a Creative Commons ( CC BY 2.0 ) license
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Carlos MoedasEuropean Commissioner for Research Science and Innovation
“Openness will define our century”
“Openness will define our century”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47jRmc28s0U
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Open software(FLOSS)Free and Libre Open Source Software
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Free vs Libre
"Free software is a matter of liberty, not price.
To understand the concept,you should think of
free as in free speech,not as in free beer."
"Free software is a matter of liberty, not price.
To understand the concept,you should think of
free as in free speech,not as in free beer."
—Richard Stallman
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Free software
• Libertà di eseguire il programma per qualsiasi scopo
• Libertà di studiare il programma e modificarlo
• Libertà di ridistribuire copie del programma in modo da aiutare il prossimo
• Libertà di migliorare il programma e di distribuirne pubblicamente i miglioramenti, in modo tale che tutta la comunità ne tragga beneficio
Richard StallmanFree Software Foundation(1985)
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Licenze Creative Commonshttp://creativecommons.org/
http://opencontent.uct.ac.za/What-is-a-Creative-Commons-license
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Punti di forza dell’approccio open source
• Sviluppo distribuito
• Intelligenza collettiva/collaborativa
• Finanziamento + efficiente
• Condivisione dei risultati
• Controllo e supporto distribuito
• Basso (spesso nullo) costo per gli utenti
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Paul Ramseyhttp://blog.cleverelephant.ca/
Cos’è il FLOSS e perché funziona
• You get what you pay for • Tu ricevi quello per cui tu paghi
• Everyone gets what you pay for
• You get what everyone pays for
• Tutti ricevono ciò per cui tu paghi
• Tu ricevi ciò per cui tutti pagano
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https://www.wired.com/2016/08/open-source-won-now/
“governments and corporations are realizing that open source is often the best way to develop software.”
“governments and corporations are realizing that open source is often the best way to develop software.”
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Microsofts vs Linux?
https://twitter.com/jniccolai/status/524264304754044928
“one in three Azure virtual machines are Linux”
“one in three Azure virtual machines are Linux”
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Joy’s lawhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joy%27s_law_(management)
"no matter who you are,most of the smartest people
work for someone else,”
"no matter who you are,most of the smartest people
work for someone else,”
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Di cosa ha bisogno l’open source per funzionare (bene)
• Comunità
• Coordinamento
• Risorse- Open source NON E’ gratis
• Visione
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GISSpatial isspecial
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GISSpatial is notspecial
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GIS is dead, long live GIS
• Dati GIS sono dati
• Software GIS sono software
• Algoritmi e metodi matematici applicati a dati geografici
• Integrazione sempre maggiore con Data Science, Big data
• Localizzazione geografica collante universale
• Le mappe sono ovunque!
http://www.justinholman.com/2012/03/20/spatial-is-indeed-special/http://www.donmeltz.com/gis-is-dead-long-live-gis/
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GFOSS – Geographic Free and Open Source Software
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Punti di forza del GFOSS
• Tutto ciò che vale in generale per il FOSS
• Forte componente “naturale” verso standard e interoperabilità
• Ottimizzazione dell’interazione con Open Data- OpenStreetMap
- “OpenStreetMap nei casi di emergenza, le attività in Italia”:
http://presentazione.associazionegfoss.it/asita_2016_hot.html#/
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Sfatiamo alcune credenze sui GIS liberi
• Commerciale e proprietario
• Difficoltà di uso
• Maturità
• Supporto
• Bug e funzionalità
http://www.gfoss.it/drupal/luoghi_comuni
• Gratuità- Sviluppo- Installazione- Configurazione- Formazione- Assistenza
• Copyright
• Migrazione
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Open source e businness
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Il software proprietario usa GFOSS
Spatialite
Python
OGR/GDAL
Proj.4
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QGIS vs ArcGIS
• Ricerca dei termini “qgis” e “arcgis” in Google Trends, dal 2004 ad oggi, in Italia
https://www.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&geo=IT&q=qgis,arcgis
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OSGeo-Live 10.0 Contents
• Desktop GIS (General GIS viewing, editing, and analysis on the desktop):- QGIS – [QuickStart]- GRASS GIS – [QuickStart]- gvSIG Desktop – [QuickStart]- User-friendly Desktop Internet GIS (uDig) – [QuickStart]
- Kosmo Desktop – [QuickStart]- OpenJUMP GIS – [QuickStart]- SAGA - [QuickStart]
• Browser Facing GIS (General GIS viewing, editing and analysis in the browser):- OpenLayers3 - [QuickStart] - Browser Mapping Library- Leaflet - [QuickStart] - Mobile Friendly Interactive Maps- Cesium - [QuickStart] - 3D globes and 2D maps in a browser
- Geomajas - [QuickStart] - Browser GIS Client- Mapbender - [QuickStart] - Geoportal Framework- GeoMoose - [QuickStart] - Web GIS Portal- Cartaro - [QuickStart] - Geospatial CMS- GeoNode - [QuickStart] - Geospatial CMS
• Web Services (Publishing spatial data to the internet):- GeoServer - [QuickStart] - OGC Web Services- MapServer - [QuickStart] - OGC Web Services- deegree - [QuickStart] - OGC Web Services- ncWMS - [QuickStart] - Web Map Service- EOxServer - [QuickStart] - Web Coverage Service- GeoNetwork - [QuickStart] - Metadata Catalogue- pycsw - [QuickStart] - Metadata Catalogue- MapProxy - [QuickStart] - Proxy WMS & tile services
- QGIS Server - [QuickStart] - Web Map Service- istSOS - [QuickStart] - Sensor Observation Service- 52°North SOS - [QuickStart] - Sensor Observation Service
- 52°North WPS - [QuickStart] - Web Processing Service
- ZOO-Project - [QuickStart] - Web Processing Service
- PyWPS - [QuickStart] - Web Processing Service- TinyOWS - [QuickStart] - WFS-T Service
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OSGeo-Live 10.0 Contents
• Data Stores (Storing spatial data):- PostGIS - [QuickStart] - Spatial Database- SpatiaLite - [QuickStart] - Lightweight Database- Rasdaman - [QuickStart] - Multi-Dimensional Raster Database
- pgRouting - [QuickStart] - Routing for PostGIS
• Navigation and Maps- GpsPrune - [QuickStart] - View, Edit and Convert GPS Tracks
- Marble - [QuickStart] - Virtual Globe- WorldWind Java - [QuickStart] - Desktop Virtual Globe- OpenCPN - [QuickStart] - Marine GPS Chartplotter- OpenStreetMap - [QuickStart] - OpenStreetMap Tools- Viking - [QuickStart] - GPS Data Analysis and Viewer
• Spatial Tools (Specific analysis tools):- GMT - [QuickStart] - Cartographic Rendering- OTB - [QuickStart] - Image Processing- R for Spatial Data - [QuickStart] - Statistical Programming- Mapnik - [QuickStart] - Cartographic Rendering- MapSlicer - [QuickStart] - Create Map Tiles- OSSIM - [Quickstart] - Image Processing- GeoKettle - [QuickStart] - ETL (Extract, Transform and Load) Tool
•
• Domain Specific GIS (Applications targeted at a specific domain):- Sahana Eden - [QuickStart] - Disaster management- Ushahidi - [QuickStart] - Mapping and Timeline for events- osgEarth - [QuickStart] - 3D Terrain Rendering- MB-System - [QuickStart] - Sea Floor Mapping- zyGrib - [QuickStart] - Weather Forecast Maps
• Data (spatial data sets):- Natural Earth - Global Data Sets- OSGeo North Carolina, USA Educational dataset- OpenStreetMap (OSM) - Sample extract from OpenStreetMap
- NetCDF Data Set - Time series temperature and precipitation
• Geospatial Libraries- GDAL/OGR - [QuickStart] - Geospatial Data Translation Tools- JTS Topology Suite (JTS) - Java Topology Suite- GeoTools - Java GIS Toolkit- GEOS - C/C++ Spatial Library- MetaCRS - Coordinate Reference System Transformations- libLAS - [QuickStart] - LiDAR Data Access- Iris - [QuickStart] - Meteorology and Climatology
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Come partecipare?
• Usando software Open Source
• Partecipando alla comunità- Mailing lists- Traduzioni- Segnalazioni Bugs- Finanziamenti- Contribuendo al codice
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Open science
• Open access
• Open data
• Reproducibility
• Open science is better science
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GIS, codice aperto e conoscenza condivisaUno sguardo al futuroby Alessandro Sarretta is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Alessandro Sarrettae-mail: alessandro.sarretta [at] ismar.cnr.itTwitter: @alesarrett
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