jif{ #( c+s !! g]kfn /fi6« a}+s ;dfrf/ ;fpg @)&@ h'nfO–cu:6 @)!%

g]kfn /fi6« a}+s;dfrf/

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afFsL @ k]hdf

rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] df}lb|s gLlt ;fj{hlgs

ueg{/ 8f= lr/+hLla g]kfnn] cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# sf] df}lb|s gLlt ;fpg & ut] ;fj{hlgs ug'{ePsf] 5 . ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] g]t[Tj ;XdfNg' ePkl5 klxnf] k6s hf/L ePsf] of] df}lb|s gLlt ut j}zfv !@ ut]sf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0f tyf ljQLo If]q :yfloTjdf s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . ;dli6ut dfu Joj:yfkg dfkm{t d'b|f:kmLlt lgoGq0f tyf ljQLo kx'Fr clej[l4sf] ljifonfO{ ;d]t o; df}lb|s gLltn] ;Daf]wg u/]sf] 5 . o; df}lb|s gLlt ;DaGwL lj:t[t hfgsf/L …;dfrf/Úsf] cfufdL cÍdf k|sflzt ul/g] 5 .-df}lb|s gLltsf] ;f/f+z tyf k"0f{ kf7 a}+ssf] j]j;fO6 www.nrb.org.np df pknAw 5 ._

ueg{/ 8f= lr/GhLla g]kfnn] Joj:yfkg uf]i7L– @)&@ sf] pb\3f6g ug'{eof] . pQm uf]i7L c;f/ !) / !! ut] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .;f] uf]i7LnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{x'Fb} ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] uf]i7L eljiof]Gd'v tyf kl/0ffdd'vL x'g'kg]{ / uf]i7Lsf lgisif{af6 a}+ssf] ;';+rfngdf ;xof]u k'Ug''kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg' eof] . uf]i7Laf6 kfl/t sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug]{kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbFb} pxfFn] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] k'FhLut vr{ ug{ g;s] Tof] lrGtfhgs x'g] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{eof] . ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] k"0f{ ;b'kof]lutfsf nflu pxfFn] ldtJolotf, k|efjsfl/tf Pjd\ kf/blz{tfdf hf]8 lbg'eof] . a}+sn] cfGtl/s ?kdf ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTjdf s]lGb|t x'g'kg]{ tyf cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf ;d]t a}+ssf]

8]k'6L ueg{/ uf]kfnk|;fb sfn] ef/t e|d0fdf8]k'6L ueg{/ uf]kfnk|;fb sfˆn] Embassy of Nepal, New Delhi n] Federation of Indian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) ;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ( h'nfOsf lbg d'DaO{df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Rebuild Nepal: Trade and Investment Opportunities in Nepal ljifos ;]ldgf/df ;xefuL x'g'eof] .

e"sDk kl5sf] g]kfnsf] k'glg{df{0fsf] nflu ef/tLo nufgLstf{x?nfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ / ko{6gsf] nflu g]kfn ;'/lIft /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbO{ ef/tLo ko{6sx?nfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ p2]Zon] cfof]lht ;f] ;]ldgf/df dGtJo JoQm ug'{x'Fb} 8]k'6L ueg{/ sfˆn]n] g]kfnsf] k'glg{df{0fdf ;+nUg x'g] ef/tLo nufgLstf{x?nfO{ pknAw x'g] nufgLsf cj;/x?sf af/]df k|sfz kfg'{eof] .

;f] ;]ldgf/df cg';Gwfg ljefusf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs 8f= dLgaxfb'/ >]i7 / ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefusf sf= d'= sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs leid/fh 9'+ufgf ;d]t ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFx?n] g]kfnsf] ;dli6ut cfly{s cj:yf, e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Iflt, nufgL jftfj/0f / nufgLsf ;+efljt If]qx?sf ;DaGwdf tYofª\s ;lxtsf] ljZn]if0ffTds sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{kq k|:t'lt kl5sf] 5nkmndf ef/tLo nufgLstf{ tyf Joj;foLx?n] g]kfndf nufgLsf] cj;/, sfg'gL Joj:yf, nufgL k|lqmof, k|lt:kwf{sf] cj:yfsf ;fy} cfly{s tyf ljQLo kl/;"rsx?sf] af/]df lh1f;f /fv]sf lyP .

8]k'6L ueg{/ clwsf/L APG a}7sdf

8]k'6L ueg{/ dxf k|;fb clwsf/L Bank for International Settlements (BIS) n]]] l:j6\h/Nof08df

cfof]hgf u/]sf] The 2015 Annual General Meeting of the Bank for International Settlements df ;xefuL eO{ c;f/ !% ut] kms{g' eof] . pxfF ;f] sfo{qmddf efu lng c;f/ !) ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{bIftf b]lvg'kg]{ ePsfn] ;]jf k|jfxsf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4df hf]8 lbg pxfFn] cfu|x ug'{eof] .

8]k'6L ueg{/ dxf k|;fb clwsf/Ln] a}+ssf] ;fj{hlgs 5lj a9\bf] qmddf /x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ dxfljklQsf] cj:yfdf klg ;]jfnfO{ ;'/lIft

/fVg ;kmn ePsf]df a}+s kl/jf/nfO{ wGojfb lbg'eof] . pxfFn] glthfd'vL eP/ cl3 a9\g a}+s kl/jf/nfO{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] . bf];|f] lbg ;+rflnt ;qsf] cWoIftf 8]k'6L ueg{/ uf]kfnk|;fb sfˆn]n] ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] qmddf pxfFn] ueg{/sf] h'emf?kg / sd{rf/Lsf] cfTdan tyf Jofj;flostfsf] s'zn ;+of]hgn] a}+ssf] cfufdL ofqf k|efjsf/L x'g] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof] . ;a}sf] sfo{s'zntf / c;n cfr/0fn] g} cfw'lgs s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] cjwf/0ff ;fy{s

Joj:yfkg uf]i7L – @)&@ ;DkGg

gofF Joj:yf g]kfn /fi6« a}s ;dfrf/

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x'g] pxfFsf] cf;o /x]sf] lyof] . pxfFn] ;+s6 Joj:yfkg / ef}lts k'gM lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug{ ;a}nfO{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . uf]i7Ldf a}+ssf ljleGg ljefuåf/f cfly{s jif{ @)&!÷&@ df ;DkGg sfdsf] ;dLIff ul/Psf] lyof] . cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# sf nflu ljleGg ljefuLo k|d'v tyf pkTosfaflx/sf sfof{no k|d'vx?n] sfo{of]hgf k|:t't ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

uf]i7Lsf] ;dfkguf]i7Lsf] ;dfkgsf] cj;/df ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] ah]6 kof{Kt ePsf]n] sfof{Gjogdf sdhf]/L b]vfpg gx'g] pNn]v ub}{ s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] cl:tTj cGo lgsfoeGbf km/s x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff JoQm ug'{eof] . s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf

sd{rf/Ln] ;fgf]ltgf] s'/fdf gclNemO{ b]zsf] cy{tGq g} dfly p7fpg] ;f]r /fVg pxfFn] cfu|x ug'{eof] . a}+sdf /fd|f] sfd ug]{nfO{ k'/:sf/ lbOg] pNn]v ug'{x'Fb} pxfFn] a}+ssf] ef}lts ;+/rgfdf 7'nf] Iflt ePsfn] ;f]sf] k'glg{df{0fnfO{ pRr k|fyldstfdf /fVg lgb]{zg lbg'eof] . sfo{of]hgf ztk|ltzt k"/f x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}FNofpg'xFb} pxfFn] ug{ g;Sg] sfdnfO{ sfo{of]hgfaf6 x6fpg ;Nnfx lbg'eof] . uf]i7Ldf ljefusf tkm{af6 dGtJo JoQm ub}{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefusf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs dgdf]xgs'df/ >]i7n] h;/L pRr Joj:yfkgaf6 Joj:yfkg uf]i7Lk|lt ;+j]bgzLntf JoQm ul/Psf] 5 To;} u/L

sfof{Gjog x'g] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{eof] . a}+sdf pTk|]/0ffsf] kIfnfO{ k|j4{g ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf cf}FNofpFb} pxfFn] kl/jt{gsf] cg'e"lt x'g] u/L cl3 a9\g ;'emfj lbg'eof] . o;}u/L pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nosf tkm{af6 kf]v/f sfof{nosf lgb]{zs gLnd ltlD;gfn] a}+s kl/jf/leqsf ;d:ofx?nfO{ lg/fs/0f ug{ sfof{Gjogdf g} hfg'kg]{ cfjZostfdfly k|sfz kfg'{eof] . ;+:yfut of]hgf ljefuåf/f cfof]lht uf]i7Ldf ;f]xL ljefusf lgb]{zs /d]z bfxfnn] uf]i7Ldf cfcfkm\gf] tkm{af6 e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{x'g] ;a}nfO{ wGojfb 1fkg ug'{ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfng pklgb]{zsåo uf]ljGb gflunf / /fhgljqmd yfkfn] ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

e"sDk k|efljt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf / C0fLnfO{ 5'6 tyf ;'ljwf

@)&! ;fn r}t d;fGtdf c;n shf{ x'g] e"sDk k|efljt C0fLn] @)&@ c;f]h d;fGt;Dddf ;fFjf, Aofh jf ls:tf /sd lt/]df @)&@ c;f/df c;n shf{df juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsg] / c;'nL l9nf ePsf] sf/0faf6 C0fL;Fu s'g} k|sf/sf] Aofh jf z'Ns lng gkfOg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;}u/L Psk6ssf nflu Ps jif{;Dd a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf :jod\n] shf{ k'g/tflnsLs/0f ug{ jf u|]; cjlw yKg ;Sg] / o:tf] shf{nfO{ c;n shf{df juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . Ps jif{eGbf a9L cjlwsf nflu k'g/tflnsLs/0f ug{sf nflu eg] g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] :jLs[lt lng'kg]{ 5 .o;}u/L l/on:6]6 zLif{sdf uPsf] shf{sf] hf]lvd ef/ u0fgf / cfDbfgL vr{ n]vfª\sg ;DaGwL Joj:yfdf ;d]t s]xL 5'6 k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfdf -pkTosf afx]s_ k|wfg sfof{no /x]sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfdWo] k|wfg sfof{no ejg Ifltu|:t ePsfnfO{ ?= %) nfv z"Go Aofhb/df k'g/shf{ lbg], clgjfo{ df}Hbft / ljkGg ju{ shf{ k|jfx ckof{Kt ePdf @)&# c;f/ d;fGt;Dd xhf{gf gnufpg] Joj:yf u/L tYofÍ ljj/0f k]z ug{ ;d]t @)&# c;f/ d;fGt;Dd ;xh agfOPsf] 5 .

Non MICR r]ssf] lSnol/ª ebf} d;fGt;Dd

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] u|fxsx?nfO{ r]s hf/L ubf{ MICR r]s dfq hf/L ug]{kg]{, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf u|fxsx?;Fu ePsf k'/fgf (Non MICR) r]ssf] lSnol/ª ebf} d;fGt;Dd dfq k"j{jt\ ?kdf x'g] / ;f] kZrft MICR r]ssf] dfq lSnol/ª x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . @)&@ c;f]h ! ut] eGbf cl3 lvlrPsf Non MICR r]sx? @)&@ c;f]h d;fGt;Ddsf nflu ;f]djf/ / ljlxjf/ u/L xKtfsf] @ lbg dfq NCHL ECC k|0ffnLdf Non Standard Session dfkm{t lSnol/ª x'g] Joj:yf ul/Psf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefun] hgfPsf] 5 .

;g\ @))% cl3 lgisfzg ePsf ef= ?= gf]6 gf]e]Da/ #) leq ;6xL

ul/;Sg' kg]{ef/tLo l/hj{ a}+sn] h'g @%, @)!% df ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L ;g\ @))% eGbf cufj} hf/L ul/Psf k'/fgf l8hfOgsf ef/tLo gf]6x? rng rNtLaf6 x6fpg cfufdL l8;]Da/ #!, @)!% ;Dddf To:tf ;a} gf]6x? ;6xL ug{ tyf a}+s vftfdf hDdf ul/;Sg ef/tLo ;j{;fwf/0fx?nfO{ ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] ;Gbe{df plNnlvt ldlt kZrft To:tf k'/fgf gf]6x? ef/tLo l/hj{ a}+sn] :jLsf/ gug]{ / g]kfn

/fi6« a}+sn] klg :jLsf/ gug]{ x'Fbf ;g\ @))% cufj} hf/L ePsf ef/tLo gf]6x? cfˆgf] ;fydf /x]sf] eP ef/tLo l/hj{ a}+sn] tf]s]sf] ;do eGbf ! dlxgf cufj} gf]e]Da/ #), @)!% -@)&@ d+l;/ !$_ ;Dd g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 ljb]zL d'b|f sf/f]jf/ ug{ Ohfhtkq Kf|fKt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, dlgr]~h/ jf cGo ;+:yfx?df ;6xL ul/;Sg' x'g / ;a} Ohfhtkq k|fKt ;+:yfn] To:tf gf]6 l8;]Da/ !, @)!% leq cfkm"nfO{ cg's'n kg]{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] a}+lsª sfof{nodf a'emfO ;Sg'x'g ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefun] ;"rgf hf/L u/]sf] 5 .

HRMISS sf] sfof{GjogHRMISS sf ljleGg Module x? sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 . o; cg';f/ sd{rf/Lsf] xflh/L, labfsf] /]s8{ cflbnfO{ sfuh/lxt agfOPsf] 5 . labfsf] lgj]bg Online sf dfWodaf6 lbg'kg]{ / ;f]sf] :jLs[lt eP gePsf] klg Online dfkm{t g} x]g{ ;lsg] agfOPsf] 5 . o;sf nflu k|To]s sd{rf/LnfO{ o'h/ g]d / kf;j8{ pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 . sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf, :jf:Yo, lzIff, tflnd,

k'/:sf/ cflb ;DaGwL ljj/0f klg HRMISS df /flvPsf] 5 . HRMISS sf ;a} Module x? sfof{Gjogdf cfPkl5 sfuhsf] k|of]udf sdL cfpg] / sfo{ ;Dkfbg klg l56f] / ;xh ?kdf x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

! k]hsf] afFsL

Joj:yfkg uf]i7L===

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b:tfj]h g]kfn /fi6« a}s ;dfrf/

afFsL $ k]hdf

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf s]Gb|Lo a}+s;“u ;DalGwt Joj:yfsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] ;'emfj

k[i7e"ldg]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfsf] cg';"rL $ df s]Gb|Lo a}+s, ljQLo gLlt, d'b|f / a}+lsË, df}lb|s gLlt h:tf ljifox? ;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL leq ;dfj]z ePsf] / cg';"rL % df k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLdf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;lxt cGo ljifox? klg ;dfj]z ePsf] ;DjGwdf cg';"rL % df /x]sf] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf eGg] ljifonfO{ b]xfo cg';f/ cg';"rL $ df ;dfj]z ug{ cfjZos /x]sf] .k|:tfljt ;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf /x]sf] Joj:yf

qm=;= cg';"rL–$, ;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL cGtu{tsf ljifox? qm=;= cg';"rL–%, k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL cGtu{tsf ljifox?

#= s]Gb|Lo of]hgf, s]Gb|Lo a}+s, ljQLo gLlt, d'b|f / a}+lsª, df}lb|s gLlt, ljb]zL cg'bfg, ;xof]u / C0f

@= a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ;+:yf, s]Gb|sf] ;xdltdf j}b]lzs cg'bfg / ;xof]u

;+ljwfgsf] d:of}bfdf x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf

qm=;= cg';"rL–$, ;+3sf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL cGtu{tsf ljifox? qm=;= cg';"rL–%, k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rL cGtu{tsf ljifox?

#= s]Gb|Lo of]hgf, s]Gb|Lo a}+s, ljQLo gLlt, d'b|f, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, df}lb|s gLlt, ljb]zL cg'bfg, ;xof]u / C0f

@= ;xsf/L ;+:yf, s]Gb|sf] ;xdltdf j}b]lzs cg'bfg / ;xof]u

cGt/f{li6«o cEof; cg';f/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx? s]Gb|sf] clwsf/ If]qleq kg]{ / s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] g} df}lb|s tyf ljQLo gLlt dfkm\{t a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ sfo{ ub{5 . g]kfndf klg g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] ?kdf df}lb|s tyf ljQLo :yfloTj / e'QmfgL ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lgjf{x ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . cGo s'/fx?sf cltl/Qm g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] a}+sx?sf] a}+s tyf clGtd C0f bftfsf] sfd ;d]t ub{5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf s]Gb|sf] clwsf/ leq kg]{ / o; Joj:yfn] a}+sx?sf] Ohfht, lgodg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f nufotsf sfdx?df Ps?ktf sfod eO{ ljQLo :yfloTj sfod ug{ ;xh x'g] x'G5 . ;fs{ nufot ;+;f/sf clwsf+z d'n'sx?df a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf s]Gb|Lo a}+s cGtu{t g} /xg] k|rng ePsf]n] g]kfndf klg ;f]xL cg'?k a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf k|b]zsf] clwsf/ ;"rLaf6 x6fO{ ;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf dfq /fVg' kb{5 .

a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx? ;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf dfq /fVg'kg]{ sf/0fx?cGo d'n'ssf s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] em} g]kfndf klg s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] ug]{ d'Vo sfo{x? df}lb|s, ljQLo tyf ljb]zL ljlgdo gLlt s]Gb|Lo :t/af6} th{'df ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . o; qmddf b]xfosf sf/0fn] ubf{ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;DjGwL O{hfht lbg], lgdog ug]{ tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{ nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x? ;d]t s]Gb|af6} ug{ cfjZos 5 .1. ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTj sfod ug{M cGo b]zsf s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] em} g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] klg s]Gb|Lo a+}lsË sfo{x? ubf{ a}+s tyf

ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ df}lb|s k|;f/0f ;+oGqsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ dfWodsf] ?kdf lnPsf] x'G5 . o;y{, df}lb|s gLlt ;+3Lo dfldnf ePsf] / df}lb|s tyf ljQLo :yfloTj Pjd\ e'QmfgL ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ th'{df ul/g] df}lb|s tyf ljQLo gLlt sfof{Gjogsf] lgldQ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ ;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf dfq /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 .

2. df}lb|s GlLltsf pks/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpgM df}lb|s Joj:yfkg ug]{ qmddf pbf/ cy{tGqdf v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/nfO{ df}lb|s gLltsf] Ps k|d'v pks/0fsf] ?kdf lnOPsf] x'G5 . s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] s]Gb|Lo :t/df ;+rfng ug]{ v'nf ahf/ sf/f]af/df ;xefuL x'g klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx? ;+3s} clwsf/ ;"rLdf dfq /xg' cfjZos 5 .

3. lgIf]kstf{sf] lxt ;'lglZrt ug{M a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] ;+:yfks tyf z]o/wgLx?n] nufgL u/]sf] k"FhLsf] t'ngfdf w]/} 7"nf] dfqfdf hg;fwf/0f tyf ;+ul7t ;+:yfx?af6 lgIf]k ;+sng ug]{ ub{5g\ . lgIf]kstf{sf] ;DklQ -lgIf]k tyf ;]o/ cflb_ sf] ;+/If0fsf] lgldQ o:tf ;+:yfx?sf] lgodg / ;'kl/j]If0f cToGt ;+j]bgzLn x'G5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf sdhf]/ ePdf jf c;kmn ePdf cfd ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;DklQ 8'Ag] / To;sf] bfloTj s]Gb| ;/sf/n] lng'kg]{ ePsf]n] ;d]t a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf s]Gb| cGtu{t dfq /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 .

4. k|0ffnLut hf]lvd Go"g ug{M a}+lsª If]qdf cfGtl/s tyf afXo sf/0fn] s'g} Ps ;+:yf c;kmn x'Fbfsf] k|efj cGo ;+:yfx?df klg kg{uO{ b]ze/sf ;a} j}+sx?df k|0ffnLut hf]lvd (Systemic Risk) l;h{gf x'g ;S5 . To:tf] hf]lvdsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ Ifdtf s]Gb|;+u dfq x'g] ePsf]n] klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s]Gb| dftxt dfq /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 .

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e]6jftf{ g]kfn /fi6« a}s ;dfrf/

5. ljQLo ;fwg kl/rfngnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpb} k|b]zx? aLrsf] cfly{s c;dfgtf sd ug{M ;a} k|b]zx?sf] cfly{s Pjd\ ljQLo cj:yf ;dfg gx'g] ePsf sf/0f lgIf]k kl/rfng tyf shf{ k|jfx ubf{ a9L ;fdYo{ ePsf] k|b]zaf6 sd ;fdYo{ ePsf] k|b]zdf ug{ ;d]t a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] ;+3Lo :t/sf] sfo{;+hfn cfjZos x'g] / of] sfd a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfnfO{ s]Gb| dftxt /fVbf dfq ;Dej x'g] x'G5 .

6. Ohfht lbg] sfd s]Gb|sf] dfq x'g] cGt/f{li6«o cEof;nfO{ kfngf ug{M ;+3Lotf ePsf cGo d'n'sx?df klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf vf]Ng Ohfht lbg] sfd s]Gb| cGtu{t g} /xg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . a+}lsª If]qdf x'g ;Sg] c:j:y k|lt:kwf{nfO{ lg?T;flxt ug{ / Go"g u'0f:t/sf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ cl:tTjdf cfpg glbg ;d]t a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx? s]Gb| dftxt /fVg' jf~5gLo 5 .

7. lgodg tyf ;'kl/j]If0fsf] cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf] kfngf ug{M a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] lgodg tyf ;'kl/j]If0f Bank for International Settlements sf] BASEL Committee åf/f k|ltkflbt cfwf/e"t l;4fGt nufot cGo cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfx?sf] dfkb08 cg';f/ ug'{kg]{ ePsf]n] cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ;d]t ljQLo If]qsf]] ljZj;gLotf sfod ug{ klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf s]Gb| cGtu{t /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 .

8. ;+3 / k|b]zsf aLr ;xof]ufTds ;DjGw a9fpgM s]Gb| Pjd\ k|b]z aLrsf] cfk;L ;xof]u / cGt/lge{/tf clej[l¢ ug{ klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf s]Gb| cGtu{t /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+3 / k|b]z b'j}sf] clwsf/ If]qdf /fVbf clwsf/ If]qaf/] åGå e}/xg] ;Defjgf x'g] ePsf]n] ;d]t a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf s]Gb| cGtu{t dfq /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 .

lgisif{b]zdf df}lb|s, ljQLo / ljb]zL ljlgdo gLlt sfof{Gjog u/L d"No l:y/tf tyf e'QmfgL ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ / ;an ljQLo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ klg a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf ;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf dfq /fVg' kg]{ x'G5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] lgodg, ;'kl/j]If0f nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ sfdx? s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] g} ug'{kg]{ ePsf] / df}lb|s gLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] lgldQ klg pQm ;+:yfx? df}lb|s k|;f/0f ;+oGqsf] dfWodsf] ?kdf /xg] ePsf]n] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?nfO{ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg, @)&@ sf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfdf k|:tfj ul/Psf] k|b]zsf] clwsf/sf] ;"rLaf6 x6fO{ ;+3sf] clwsf/ ;"rLdf dfq /fVg ;'emfj ul/Psf] 5 .

# k]hsf] afFsL

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg===

ueg{/ 8f= lr/+hLla g]kfn;Fu Gerard J. Almekinders sf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfn e|d0fdf /x]sf] IMF sf] k|ltlglwd08nn] c;f/ !# ut] pxfFsf] sfo{sIfdf wrap up e]6jftf{ u¥of] . e]6jftf{sf cj;/df Almekinders n] g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f sf7df8f}+df cfof]lht g]kfnsf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng ;kmn /x]sf] pNn]v ub}{ e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] u7g ug]{ sfo{sf] ;/fxgf ug'{eof] .k|ltlglw d08nsf k|d'v Almekinders n] g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] kl5Nnf] ;do e"sDkaf6 k|efljt C0fLx?nfO{ /fxt :j?k NofOPsf] ;x'lnot ;DaGwL Joj:yfsf] b'?kof]u eO{ v/fa shf{ k'g/tflnsLs/0fsf dfWodaf6 c;n shf{df ?kfGt/0f x'g] hf]lvdsf af/]df lh1f;f /fVg' ePsf]df ueg{/ 8f=

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;f] 6f]nLn] RCF sf ljleGg kIfsf af/]df g]kfn /fi6« a}+s, cy{ dGqfno, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u nufotsf lgsfox¿;Fu

5nkmn ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 .g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] ;Dkfbg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu IMF n] lbPsf ;'emfjx?nfO{ uDeL/tf k"j{s lnOg] hfgsf/L ;d]t ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] lbg'ePsf] lyof] .

ljleGg ljsf; a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?sf] k|flKt -PlSjlhzg_, dh{

tyf PsLs[t sf/f]af/ d'lQmgfy ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8n] l;les 8]enkd]06 a}+s ln= sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;DklQ tyf bfloTj ;g]{ u/L k|flKt -PlSjlhzg_ u/L d'lQmgfy ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8s} gfdaf6 PsLs[t sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 .Pgl8OkL 8]enkd]06 a}+s / /fOlhª 8]enkd]06 a}+s Ps cfk;df ufleO{ b]jM ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8sf] gfdaf6, lqj]0fL ljsf; a}+s ln=, klAns 8]enkd]06 a}+s ln= / a|fO{6 8]enkd]06 a}+s ln Ps cfk;df ufleO{ lqj]0fL ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8 gfdaf6 tyf ljZj ljsf; a}+s ln= / km]jf kmfOgfG; ln= Ps cfk;df ufleO{ km]jf ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8 gfdaf6 PsLs[t sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ .o;}u/L, ;u/dfyf dr]{06 a}+lsË P08 kmfOgfG; lnld6]8 / kf6g kmfOgfG; lnld6]8 Ps cfk;df ufleO{ ;u/dfyf kmfOgfG; lnld6]8sf] gfdaf6 PsLs[t sf/f]af/ ;~rfng u/]sf 5g\ .

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cfjZos kg]{ cfFsng ul/Psf] 5, h;dWo] 3/hUuf If]qnfO{ dfq s'n cfjZos /sdsf] $( k|ltzt vlr{g' kg]{ cg'dfg 5 . ;fy}, lzIff If]qdf ?= $) ca{ / ko{6g If]qdf ?= #( ca{sf] ljQLo cfjZostf cf}+NofOPsf] 5 -tflnsf @_ . o:tf] s'n Ifltdf lghL If]qsf] c+zdfq &^=% k|ltzt 5 eg] ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] c+z @#=% k|ltzt 5 .cl3Nnf] jif{sf] r}t–j}zfvsf] b]zsf] cfly{s l:ylt / o; jif{sf] r}t–j}zfvsf] cj:yf t'ngf ubf{ e"sDksf] k|efj s]xL If]qx? b]Vg ;lsG5 . @)&@ j}zfv dlxgfdf a}+lsª k|0ffnLdf sl/a ?= #( ca{n] lgIf]k j[l4 ePsf] 5 . @)&! j}zfvdf o:tf] lgIf]k # ca{ eGbf sdn] a9]sf] lyof] . t/ shf{ k|jfx eg] cl3Nnf] j}zfvdf & ca{ eGbf a9L ePsf]df o; jif{ guGo -Ps ca{ eGbf sd_ 5 . cfoft÷lgof{t j[l4b/df vf;} kl/j{tg ePsf] b]lv+b}g . ;/sf/L vr{sf] j[l4b/df ;d]t vf;} rfk k/]sf] b]lv+b}g t/ /fh:j ;+sngdf sdL cfPsf] 5 . ljb]zL gub cg'bfgdf cl3Nnf] dlxgfsf] t'ngfdf j}zfv

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dlxgfdf $! k|ltztn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ptf ljb]l;g] sfdbf/sf] ;+Vof @)&@ j}zfvdf @)&! r}tsf] t'ngfdf $) k|ltztn] x|f; cfO #! xhf/df ;Lldt x'g k'u]sf] 5, hals cl3Nnf] jif{sf] j}zfvdf %$ xhf/ o'jf /f]huf/Lsf nflu ljb]l;Psf lyP . /]ld6\ofG; cfo j}zfv dlxgfdf dfq ?= ^# ca{ k|fKt ePsf] 5, h'g dfl;s k|flKtdf xfn;Dds} pRr xf] -tflnsf #_ .o; jif{sf] kl/b[Zocfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# df k'glg{df{0fsf nflu ;/sf/ tyf lghL If]qaf6 ul/g] vr{sf sf/0f pkef]u / k'FhL kl/rfngdf j[l4 eO{ jf:tljs If]q s]xL km:6fpg] b]lvP tfklg e"sDk clt k|efljt lhNnfdf o; jif{ s[lif pTkfbgdf k|efj kg]{, ko{6g If]qdf x|f; cfpg] cflb sf/0faf6 cGo If]qx?sf] pTkfbg, pkef]u / /f]huf/Ldf ;d]t c;/ ug]{ x'gfn] pNn]Vo cfly{s j[l4 x'g] ;+efjgf eg] sd} b]lvG5 . ;fy}, t/fO{ If]qsf d'Vo pTkfbgd"ns pBf]ux?df vf;} c;/ gk/]sf] eP tfklg gofF lgdf{0f tyf eUgfjz]if x6fpg >ldssf] dfu a9\g] x'gfn] cGo If]q -s[lif, pBf]u cflb_ df sfdbf/sf] cefj x'g] / Hofnfb/df j[l4 x'g] ;+efjgf klg plQs} 5 . Jofkf/L ju{ tyf pkef]Qmf b'j}df s]xL ;do

-/sd ?= ca{df_

cfTdljZjf; 36\g] ePsf]n] ;du| Jofkf/ If]qdf o; jif{ ;+s'rg cfpg] ;+efjgf 5 . cfoftdf pRr j[l4 / lgof{tdf lzlyntf cfO{ ;du|df Jofkf/ 3f6f a9\g] b]lvG5 eg] /]ld6\ofG; cfodf j[l4 / j}b]lzs ;xof]usf sf/0f b]zsf] zf]wgfGt/ l:ylt eg] alnof] x'g] ;+efjgf 5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg tTsfn s]xL sd eP tfklg xfnsf] lk|m le;f÷l6s6 ;DaGwL ljjfb ;dfwfg ePdf / gj lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf yk /f]huf/Lsf] cj;/ k|fKt gePdf ljb]l;g] k|j[lQ sfod /xg] 5 .;/sf/L vr{df x'g] Jofks j[l4, /]ld6\ofG;, j}b]lzs ;xfotfdf x'g] j[l4 cflbsf] sf/0f a}+lsª k|0ffnLsf] t/ntf a9]/ cGttM d'b|f k|bfodf rfk kgf{n] o; jif{ d'b|f:kmLlt s]xL a9\g ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5 . tyflk, ef/tLo d"No j[l4n] xfd|f] d"No lgwf{/0fdf 7"n} e"ldsf v]Ng] / ef/tsf] pkef]Qmf d"No ^ k|ltzts} xf/fxf/L x'g] k|If]k0f /x]sf]n] o;af6 g]]kfnnfO{ /fxt ldNg] b]lvG5 . cfufdL jif{ lghL If]qaf6 shf{sf] dfu a9\g ;Sg] b]lvP tfklg xfn a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfn] sl/a b'O{ ltxfO{ shf{ 3/hUufsf] lwtf]df k|jfx ug]{ u/]sf] sf/0f l/on :6]6 If]qdf ePsf] Jofks Iflt, ;/sf/n] 3/ lgdf{0f tyf hUuf lsga]rdf Nofpg] gofF dfkb08 / lgwf{/0f x'g] k|lqmofsf sf/0f shf{ k|jfx tTsfn} pNn]Vo ?kdf a9\g] b]lv+b}g . csf]{lt/ a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] nufgL ug]{ hnljB't\ kl/of]hgfdf Iflt k'u]sf] sf/0f Psflt/ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf cfof]hgfx? k"/f gx'g] nueu lglZrt h:t} 5 eg] gofF nufgLsf nflu a}+sx? lxlRsrfpg] ;+efjgf 5 . t;y{, oL ljifox?df g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] clxn] b]lvg} ;ts{tf ckgfpg' cfjZos 5 . lgisif{e"sDk kl5 slt rfF8f] k'glg{df{0f / k'g:yf{kg ug{ ;lsG5, To;}df cy{tGq rnfodfg x'g] / cfly{s ljsf;sf] ult e/ kg]{ x'gfn] s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] cfˆgf] sbdnfO{ ;/sf/sf] k'glg{df{0f / k'g;+{/rgf;Fu tnd]]n ldnfpg' kb{5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 ck]lIft shf{ k|jfx x'g g;Sg] / ahf/df t/ntf a9\b} hfg] ePdf t/ntf Joj:yfkg r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'g ;Sb5 . t;y{, e"sDk k|efljt ;j{;fwf/0f, pBf]uL÷Jofkf/L ju{, ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBdL cflb ;a}nfO{ plQs} cj;/ x'g] u/L s]Gb|Lo a}+sn] ljleGg k|sf/ / e'QmfgL cjlwsf ljQLo pks/0fx? a}+lsª k|0ffnLdfkm{t\ Nofpg clek|]l/t ug'{ kb{5, h;n] ubf{ d"No j[l4df rfk / ljQLo :yfloTjdf c;/ klg gk/f];\ / ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] nIo klg k|fKt xf];\ .

7

cGt/lqmof g]kfn /fi6« a}s ;dfrf/

cfly{s jif{ @)&@÷&# sf] df}lb|s gLlt th'{df ug{sf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+:yf;Fu 5nkmn tyf ;'emfj lng] p2]Zon] cg';Gwfg ljefuåf/f c;f/ !* ut] Ps cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/of] . ;f] sfo{qmddf ueg{/, 8]k'6L ueg{/, a}+ssf pRr kbflwsf/Lsf cltl/Qm a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf kbflwsf/L, aLdf, lwtf]kq af]8{ nufot ;/f]sf/jfnf lghL If]qsf dxfg'efjx?sf] pkl:ylt /x]sf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ueg{/ 8f= lr/+hLla g]kfnn] ;':t cy{tGqnfO{ psf:g / ult lbg ;xof]u k'Ug] df}lb|s gLlt lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfdfly k|sfz kfg'{eof] . clgolGqt cfoft tyf sdhf]/ lgof{tsf sf/0f pTkGg r/d Jofkf/

3f6fsf] l:yltnfO{ b[li6ut u/L df}lb|s gLlt lgdf{0f ug{kg]{ cfjZostf dfly k|sfz kfb}{ pxfFn] dxfljklQaf6 k|efljt cy{tGqnfO{ k'ghL{jg k|bfg ug'{ clxn]sf] cfjZostf /x]sf] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . sfo{qmddf cg';Gwfg ljefusf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs 8f= dLgaxfb'/ >]i7n] df}lb|s gLlt th'{dfsf] qmddf ;/f]sf/jfnf;Fu 5nkmn ug]{ p2]Zon] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . pxfFn] ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfaf6 lnlvt ?kdf ;'emfj cfO;s]sf] / afFsL s]xL ePdf lgw{Ss eP/ ;'emfj lbg cfu|x ug'{ePsf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{qmddf lj:tf/sf/L df}lb|s gLlt agfpg, k'FhLsf] nfut 36fpg, nufgLsf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf nflu pBdLd}qL gLlt Nofpg, o'jf pBd nlIft sfo{qmddf

nufgLsf] jftfj/0f agfpg, aLdf If]qnfO{ ljQLo If]qdf kl/eflift ug{, 5fof a}+lsª ;'kl/j]If0f ug{, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] dh{/nfO{ yk ;x'lnot k|bfg ug{ ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . o;}u/L, e"sDkkLl8tsf nflu k|bfg ul/g] shf{ ;fd"lxs cfjf; -Apartment_ sf nflu ;d]t Joj:yf ug]{, k"jf{wf/df nufgLsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{, t];|f] kf6L{ lwtf]df k'gMd"NofÍg ug]{, ;fgf tyf demf}nf pBdsf nflu yk ;x'lnot lbg], x'08LnfO{ xtf]T;fxg ug]{, ljkGg ju{ shf{nfO{ yk ;'/lIft agfpg] nufotsf ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .o'jf :j/f]huf/sf nflu ul/Psf] nufgLnfO{ n3'ljQdf kl/eflift x'g'kg]{, k'glg{df{0fdf n3'ljQsf] ;xeflutf x'g'kg]{ ;'emfj klg

k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

df}lb|s gLlt ;DaGwL cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd

g]kfn /fi6« a}+s, jL/u~h sfof{no tyf a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf] cfof]hgfdf jL/u~h If]qsf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf zfvf k|aGwsx? / cfdlGqt pBf]uL Joj;foLx?;Fu c;f/ !* ut] jL/u~hdf a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f tyf ljQLo If]qsf] ;d;fdlos Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof ;DkGg eof] . pQm cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf 8]k'6L ueg{/ dxf k|;fb clwsf/Ln] ef=?= gub sf/f]jf/sf k|fjwfgx?, u|fxs klxrfg ;fy} sd hf]lvdk"0f{ u|fxssf nflu NofOPsf] ;/nLs[t u|fxs klxrfgsf] Joj:yf, Aofhb/ sf]l/8f]/, a]; /]6sf] pkof]lutf, e'QmfgL k|0ffnLsf] ;/nLs/0f, shf{ nufgL / cg'udgsf] k|efjsfl/tf tyf shf{ ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 cflbsf af/]df dGtJo /fVg' eof] . pxfFn] ljQLo k|0ffnLdf /xg] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ k|fjwfgx? / Jofkf/ Joj;fonfO{ cfjZos x'g] k|aw{gfTds k|fjwfg ;d]tdf ;fd~h:o sfod u/L uxg u[xsfo{ kZrft dfq lgb]{zgx? hf/L ul/g] s'/f klg cf}+Nofpg' eof] . a}+s ;'kl/a]If0f ljefusf sf= d'= sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs nIdLk|kGg lg/f}nfn] shf{sf]

jL/u~hdf cGt/lqmofcf}lrTo / k|of]u, ljQLo ljj/0fsf cfwf/df shf{ ;'ljwfsf ;fy} ljQLo cg'zf;g tyf ljQLo ljj/0fdf b]lvPsf] sdL sdhf]/L cflbsf af/]df dGtJo /fVg'eof] . jL/u~h sfof{nosf lgb]{zs adaxfb'/ ld>n] ef= ?= sf] ef8f e/f}6 / cfoft jfktsf] e'StfgL ;DaGwL k|fjwfgsf ;fy} ljQLo k|0ffnLsf ;d;fdlos ljifodf dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf ax' a}+lsª, shf{ ;"rgf, hf]lvd Joj:yfkg, hf]lvddf cfwfl/t ;'kl/j]If0f, ;DklQ z'4Ls/0f lgjf/0f, u|fxs klxrfg nufot ;du| ljQLo If]qsf ljifox?df cGt/lqmof ePsf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?n] kfl/kf;'sf] sl7gfO, C0fLsf] jf:tljs ljQLo cj:yf tyf s/ lt/]sf] ljj/0fdf Ps?ktf gx'g', hf]lvd

Joj:yfkgsf cEof;x?, shf{ ;"rgf cBfjlws ug{ g;lsPsf], sfnf] ;"rLsf k|fjwfgnfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpg' kg]{, u|fxs klxrfgsf ljifonfO{ :jrflnt agfpg g;lsg', u|fxs klxrfg ;DaGwL cfjZos sfuhft dfUbf u|fxsn] em~em6 dx;'; ug]{ u/]sf,] ef= ?= gubsf] pknAwtf, vftf vf]Nbf ljQLo ljj/0f k]z ug'{kg]{, :k]|8 b/, P8efG; 6' 8fO/]S6/, lgb]{zgx?sf] JofVofdf x'g] ;d:of, u'8

km/ k]d]G6sf] r]sdf vftfdf s§f ug]{ ;]jf z'Ns ;DaGwL Joj:yf, ;"Id lgu/fgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf, Psf3/ kl/jf/sf] JofVof, Aofhb/ sf]l/8f]/, ;fv >]0fLs/0f, ljkGg ju{ shf{ nufotsf ljifodf lh1f;f, k|ltlqmofsf ;fy} /fo ;'emfj k]z u/]sf lyP .sfo{qmddf a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f

ljefusf sf= d'= sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs lg/f}nfsf ;fy} pklgb]{zsåo ls/0f kl08t / jf;'b]j e§/fO{n] a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f tyf ljQLo If]qsf] ;d;fdlos Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf k|:t'tLs/0f ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] jL/u~h sfof{nosf pklgb]{zs >L s[i0fk|;fb zdf{n] :jfut dGtJo /fVg' ePsf] lyof] .

cGt/lqmof g]kfn /fi6« a}s ;dfrf/

8

ueg{/ 8f= lr/+hLla g]kfnn] ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+s lnld6]8åf/f ?kGb]xLsf] d+unfk'/df cfof]lht ;Nofg, u'NdL / c3f{vFfrL lhNnfsf ^ j6f ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf] ;+o'Qm x:tfGt/0f ;df/f]xsf] c;f/ @& ut] pb\3f6g ug'{eof] .;f] ;df/f]xnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] ljZjsf ljsl;t d'n'sx?df ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 x'g]x?sf] ;+Vof g]kfnsf] t'ngfdf cTolws /x]sf] tYodfly k|sfz kfg'{ x'Fb} ;xsf/Lsf] dd{ cg'?k ;~rfng gePsf / unt k|j[lQ / cfr/0f ePsf JolQmx? ;+nUg ePs} sf/0f hgtfdf ;xsf/Lk|lt gsf/fTds wf/0ff pTkGg x'Fb} uPsf] atfpg' eof] . ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+s / s[lif ;xsf/L ;+:yf lnld6]8af6 ;~rflnt s[lif ;xsf/Ldf To:tf] ;d:of xfn;Dd gkfPsf] hfgsf/L lbg' x'Fb} ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] tL ;xsf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;/fxgf ;d]t ug'{eof] . ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+ssf] kxndf :yfkgf ePsf ;+:yf To; If]qsf ;fgf l;dfGtLs[t s[ifsnfO{ cfly{s

ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu ;xsf/Lsf] e"ldsf dxTjk"0f{M ueg{/ 8f= g]kfn

g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] lng] cfufdL gLltut Joj:yf nufgL d}qL x'g' kg]{-ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnåf/f a}+ssf] kf]v/f sfof{nosf] :ynut e|d0f_

ultljlw lj:tf/ ug{, cfo cfh{g ug{, /f]huf/L / ;fdflhs pTyfgdf ;xof]uL x'g] ljZjf; ;d]t pxfFn] JoQm ug'{eof] .j}b]lzs /f]huf/Laf6 cfˆgf] d'n's kms]{sf JolQmx?n] ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/Ldf cfa4 eO{ ljb]zfdf l;s]sf] ;Lk / 1fgnfO{ pkof]u u/L /fd|f] cfDbfgL u/]sf] kfpFbf cfk"mnfO{ lgs} v'zL nfu]sf] ueg{/ 8f=

g]kfnn] atfpg' eof] . ;xsf/Ldfk{mt ul/aL sd ug{ ;lsg] ljrf/ JoQm ub}{ pxfFn] o'jfzlQmnfO{ :j/f]huf/Ltkm{ pGd'v u/fO{ ljb]z knfog x'gaf6 /f]Sg klg ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+sn] ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf;F+usf] ;dGjodf cfjZos e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ ljZjf; ;d]t JoQm ug'{eof] . ;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L lnld6]8af6

;~rflnt sfo{qmddf ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+s ln=, s[lif dGqfno / ls;fgsf nflu pGgt aLpm sfo{qmd nufot cGo ;+3;+:yfx? cfa4 /x]sf] x'gfn] o:tf sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu cfˆgf] tkm{af6 ;Sbf] k|of; ug]{ hfgsf/L klg pxfFn] lbg'eof] .;fgf ls;fg s[lif ;xsf/L ln= df cfa4

;Nofg, u'NdL / c3f{vfFrLsf ;fgf ls;fgx?n] cfpFbf lbgdf cfˆgf] ;xsf/LnfO{ cfkm} Joj:yfkg ug{ ;S5g\ eGg] ljZjf; lnP/ ;+:yf x:tfGt/0f ePsf] wf/0ff /fVb} ;xsf/Lsf ;b:o ;fgf ls;fgx? g]t[Tj rogdf ;hu x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] JoQm ug'{eof] . dlxnf ;d"xaf6 ;~rflnt k|foM

;a} sfo{qmdx? ;kmn ag]sf] cfˆgf] cg'ej /x]sf] atfpg' x'Fb} pxfFn] tflnd k|fKt dlxnfx?n] cfˆgf] 5/l5d]sdf /x]sf cGo lbbL alxgLx?nfO{ ;fgf ls;fg sl[if ;xsf/Ldf ;+nUg u/fO{ pgLx?df klg pBdzLntfsf] ljsf; u/L ul/aL lgjf/0ftkm{ pGd'v u/fpg' kg]{ wf/0ff /fVg' eof] .

ueg{/ 8f= lr/+hLla g]kfnn] c;f/ $ ut] kf]v/f sfof{nosf] :ynut e|d0f ug'{eof] . e|d0f kZrft\ cfof]lht cGt/lqmof sfo{qmddf dGtJo JoQm ub}{ ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] d'n'ssf nflu cfjZos cf}krfl/s ljQLo ;]jf ;xh ?kdf k|jfx ug{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+s k|lta4 /x]sf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . ljgfzsf/L e"sDkaf6 pTkGg cK7\of/f] kl/l:yltdf klg s'zntfk"j{s ;]jf k|bfg u/L cfˆgf] bfloTj k'/f u/]sf] / ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 ;d]t ;f] sfo{sf] ;/fxgf ePsf] kfOPsf] x'Fbf o;df g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf sd{rf/Lx? klg k|z+;fsf kfq ePsf] s'/f atfpg' eof] . o; If]qsf hgtf / a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿sf] nflu kf]v/f sfof{no s]Gb|Lo a}+ssf] k|ltlglw ePsf]n] /fi6« a}+ss} ;fj{hlgs 5lj /fd|f] agfpg oxfFsf sd{rf/Lsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] atfpg' eof] .

a}+s /x] sd{rf/L /xg], sd{rf/L /x] o'lgog /xg] eGg'x'Fb} ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] sd{rf/L ju{af6 klg xfnsf] hl6n cj:yfnfO{ dgg\ x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff /fVg'eof] . b]zsf] ;dli6ut cfly{s l:yltaf/] rrf{ ub}{ ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] of] jif{ d'n'ssf] cfly{s j[l4 Go"g b/df a9\g] b]lvPsf] / xfn}sf] e"sDkaf6 a}+ssf] sfof{no ejg Ifltu|:t ePsf] a}+ssf nflu cfufdL jif{ emg} r'gf}tLk"0f{ x'g] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{eof] . g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] lng] cfufdL gLltut Joj:yf nufgL d}qL x'g' kg]{ cGoyf ljb]zL nufgL cfpg sl7g x'g] a? g]kfndf cfO;s]sf nufgL ;d]t aflxl/g] ;Defjgf x'g] pxfFn] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . kf]v/f If]qsf] ko{6g cfudgnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ of] If]q ;'/lIft 5 eGg] ;"rgf ko{6g Joj;foLx¿n] k|jfx ug'{ kg]{ wf/0ff ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] /fVg'eof] .

o; cl3 :jfut dGtJo JoQm ub}{ kf]v/f sfof{nosf lgb]{zs gLnd ltlD;gfn] sfof{nosf ultljlw af/] hfgsf/L lbg' ePsf] lyof] .cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd kZrft\ sfof{nodf /x]sf ljleGg o'lgogsf kbflwsf/Lx¿n] ueg{/ 8f= g]kfn;dIf cf–cfˆgf] ;d:of, u'gf;f tyf ;'emfjx¿ /fVg'ePsf]df pxfFn] tL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg tyf plrt ;'emfjx¿sf] sfof{Gjog cfufdL lbgx?df qmdzM ub}{ nlug] cfZjf;g lbg' eof] .

;"rgfg]kfn /fi6« a}+s ;dfrf/sf nflu samachar@nrb.org.np gfdsf] j]a 7]ufgf ;+rfngdf NofOPsf] 5 . g]kfn /fi6« a}+s ;dfrf/df k|sfzgfy{ cfly{s n]vx? tyf ;dfrf/ ;fdu|Lx? k7fpFbf ;f]xL 7]ufgfdf Od]n ug'{x'g cg'/f]w 5 .

9

;Daf]wg÷dGtJo g]kfn /fi6« a}s ;dfrf/

ueg{/ 8f= lr/GhLla g]kfnaf6 ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+ssf] !$ cf}“ jflif{sf]T;jnfO{ ;Daf]wg

ljQLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf ;hutf cfjZos-;Gbe{M hf]lvd Joj:yfkg uf]i7L–@)&@_

ueg{/ 8f= lr/GhLla g]kfnn] ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+ssf] !$ cf}F jflif{sf]T;j sfo{qmdnfO{ c;f/ @@ ut] k|d'v cltlysf] ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ug'{eof] .

;Daf]wgsf] qmddf ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+sn] s[lif ljsf; a}+ssf] pQ/flwsf/Lsf ¿kdf st{Jo lgjf{x ul//x]sf] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu s[lif ljsf; a}+s :yfkgf eP klg jfl0fHo a}+sdf :t/f]Gglt

ePkl5 s[ifsx?af6 6f9f ePsf] cfzª\sf ;f] a}+såf/f k|al4{t ;fgf ls;fg ljsf; a}+ssf] sfo{n] d]6fPsf] pNn]v ug'{x'Fb} pxfFn] ;LdfGtLs[t ju{sf] cfo cfh{gsf nflu pQm a}+sn] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u ul//x]sf] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{eof] . hUuf v08Ls/0fsf sf/0f g]kfndf w]/}h;f] kl/jf/n] yf]/} hUufdf s[lif Joj:ffo ug'{ kl//x]sf]] tYodf k|sfz kfg'{x'Fb} pxfFn] Jofj;flos s[lifsf nflu ;fgf ls;fgdf ul/Psf] nufgL v]/ ghfg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . ev{/} cfPsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDksf sf/0f @=% k|ltztn] ul/aL a9\g ;Sg] cfFsng ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lbFb} pxfFn] jftfj/0fLo kl/jt{gn] klg ;fgf ls;fg g} kLl8t aGg'kg]{ afWofTds cj:yf /x]sfn]] ;f]af6 pgLx?nfO{ arfpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] .

ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] g]kfndf s[lif If]qaf6 g} ul/aL Go"gLs/0f ug{ d2t k'Ug] dGtJo /fVg'eof] . pxfFn] Oh/fonh:tf] ;'Vvf hldgo'Qm :yfgdf ;d]t pRr :t/sf] pTkfbg / pTkfbsTj ;Dej ePsf] pbfx/0f lbFb} g]kfnsf] pj{/ kxf8L e"efusf ;DefjgfnfO{ klxrfg u/]/ s[lifsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ Jofkstf k|bfg ug'{kg]{ pNn]v ug'{eof] . g]kfnsf ljBfyL{nfO{ s[lifsf] Jofj;flostf / Jofjxfl/s 1fg xfl;n ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg u/]sfdf Oh/fonL /fhb"tnfO{ wGojfb lbg'x'Fb} ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] ljBfyL{df ul/Psf] nufgLn] cy{tGqdf u'0fs k|efj kg]{ :ki6 kfg'{eof] . g]kfnsf] hgzlQm ljb]z knfog eO/x]sf] ;Gbe{df pxfFn]]] o'jfdf ul/Psf] nufgLaf6 g} o'jf knfog /f]Sg ;lsg] wf/0ff JoQm ug'{eof] .

ueg{/ 8f= lr/GhLla g]kfnn] ljQLo If]qsf] lgods lgsfosf] x}l;otn] g]kfn /fi6« a}+s d'n'ssf] ljQLo hf]lvd Joj:yfkgdf ;hu / ljj]szLn aGg'kg]{ ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5 . ;+:yfut of]hgf ljefuåf/f c;f/ ( ut] cfof]lht hf]lvd Joj:yfkg uf]i7L– @)&@ df dGtJo JoQm ub}{ pxfFn] ;f] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ ePsf] xf] .ueg{/ 8f= g]kfnn] pQm uf]i7Ldf s'g} klg ;+:yf hf]lvd/lxt x'g} g;Sg] wf/0ff /fVg'eof] . ;+:yf vf]nL ljleGg sf/f]jf/ ug'{ hf]lvd l;h{gf ug'{ g} xf] eGb} pxfFn]] a}+s hf]lvd Joj:yfkg u/]/ cl3 a9\g] k|lta4tf JoQm ug'{eof] . clxn]sf] e"d08nLs/0fsf] o'udf ;"rgfk|ljlw hf]lvd pRr /x]sf] rrf{ ub}{ pxfFn] h'g;'s} k|sf/sf hf]lvd ljBdfg eP klg cfk;L ;dGjo / ;xsfo{af6 hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ub}{ hfg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . g]kfn /fi6« a}+s P]g, @)%* df ePsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ a}+sn] x/]s jif{ a}+ssf] hf]lvd Joj:yfkg cBfjlws ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg cg'?k a}+ssf hf]lvd klxrfg, ;f]sf] Go"gLs/0fsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf k|of; / cfufdL lbgdf lng'kg]{ gLltut lg0f{osf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug]{ p2]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] ;f] uf]i7Ldf 8]k'6L ueg{/ uf]kfnk|;fb sfˆn]n] ;doqmd;Fu} gofF gofF hf]lvdx? l;h{gf

x'g] x'gfn] o;sf] klxrfg u/L Go"gLs/0fdf Wofg lbg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . /fli6«o ljklQdf klg a}+ssf] sfd sf/jfxL lg/Gt/ ;'rf? /fVg' ;lsPsfn] a}+ssf] Voflt ;DaGwL hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ePsf] 5 eGg'x'Fb} pxfFn] cfufdL lbgdf a}+ssf ;j{kIfLo hf]lvdsf] Go"gLs/0fdf cem a9L nfUg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . 8]k'6L ueg{/ dxf k|;fb clwsf/Ln] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] klxnf] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt ljefu jf sfof{nosf] g} x'g] :ki6 kfb}{ k|fs[lts k|sf]k;DaGwL hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf yk Wofg lbg'kg]{ cg'ej ;'gfpg'eof] . dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{o ubf{ ;Defljt hf]lvdsf] klg pNn]v ug]{ kl/kf6L a;fNg ;lsP cem /fd|f] x'g] wf/0ff /fVb} pxfFn] Joj:yfkg eg]sf] g} hf]lvd Joj:yfkgsf nflu xf] eGg] a'em\g'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . a}+ssf ;~rfns ;ldlt ;b:o tyf hf]lvd Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf ;+of]hs k|f= 8f= >L/fd kf}8]nn] ;du| d'n'ssf] d'b|f:kmLlt, ljQLo Joj:yf, t/ntf, ljb]zL ljlgdo If]qsf] Joj:yfkssf] x}l;otn] a}+ssf] hf]lvd pRr /xg] pNn]v ub}{ hf]lvd klxrfg / To;sf] k|fyldsLs/0fsf ;fy} Go"gLs/0fdf g} g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] ;kmntf lge{/ /xg] :ki6 kfg'{eof] . sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hs ;+:yfut of]hgf ljefusf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs dx]z e§/fO{n]

…g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf ljBdfg hf]lvd Joj:yfkg / Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ePsf k|of;x?Ú ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ a}+ssf ljQLo, ahf/, ;~rfng nufotsf hf]lvdsf af/]df lj:t[t k|sfz kfg'{ePsf] lyof] . pxfFn] o; cGtu{t kg]{ k|fs[lts k|sf]k hf]lvd / ;"rgfk|ljlw ;DaGwL hf]lvd pRr /x]sf] :ki6 kfb}{ o;tkm{ a}+sn] yk Wofg lbg'kg]{ :ki6 kfg'{ePsf] lyof] . 5nkmnsf] qmddf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs tyf lgb]{zs nufotn] a}+ssf e"sDk cl3 / kl5sf] ;dodf hf]lvddf slt km/s cfof] eGg] s'/fsf] ljZn]if0f ub}{ cl3 a9\g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbFb} gf]6sf] e08f/0f, 5fof a}+lsª, a}+lsª ck/fw, l5d]sL b]zsf] Aofhb/, gf]6 hnfg, k|sf]k Joj:yfkg e"sDksf sf/0f pTkGg dgf]j}1flgs qf; h:tf ljifonfO{ klg ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{ ljifodf lj:t[t 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :jfut dGtJo JoQm ug'{x'Fb} lgb]{zs 8f= e'jg]z kGtn] a}+sdf ljsf; ul/Psf] hf]lvd klxrfg tyf Joj:yfkgaf6 a}+ssf] ;j{kIfLo hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ;xof]u k'u]sf] / cfufdL lbgdf yk k|ult x'g] ljZjf; JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] eg] lgb]{zs /d]z bfxfnn] wGojfb dGtJo lbg' ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf pb\3f]if0fsf] lhDd]jf/L pklgb]{zs x'dfsfGt kGyLn] axg ug'{ePsf] lyof] .

cGt/f{li6«o ;xeflutf g]kfn /fi6« a}s ;dfrf/

10

ljsf; a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs xl/k|;fb sfkm\n] Bank for International Settlements (BIS) n] China df cfof]hgf u/]sf] FSI-EMEAP Regional Seminar on Stress Testing: Supervisory Techniques and Bank Practices df efu lng c;f/ ^ ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ !@ ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] . ljQ sDkgL ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf pklgb]{zs xl/k|;fb ;'j]bL klg ;f] ;]ldgf/df ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] .

hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ljefusf lgb]{zsåo b]js'df/ 9sfn / g/]z zfSo tyf ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefusf lgb]{zs d's'Gbs'df/ If]qL SEACEN n] Malaysia df cfof]hgf u/]sf] SEACEN Advanced Signature Leadership Course df efu lng c;f/ $ ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ !% ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] .

lj/f6gu/ sfof{nosf lgb]{zs lbksaxfb'/ yfkf Central Bank of Sri Lanka n] Sri Lanka df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Interest Rate and Exchange Rate Dynamics: Impact on Banking Operation ljifos sfo{qmddf efu lng c;f/ ^ ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ !# ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] . hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ljefusf pklgb]{zs tLy{/fh >]i7 tyf ;xfos lgb]{zs hgs/fh ;fksf]6f, ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs s[i0fxl/ k'8f;}gL / a}+lsª sfof{nosf ;xfos lgb]{zs /df d}gfnL klg ;f] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g'x'GYof] .

ljsf; a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf pklgb]{zs ljhof a:g]t If]qL, a}+s;{ k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf ;xfos lgb]{zs k|Nxfb lu/L / d'b|f Joj:yfkg ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs dbgs'df/ >]i7 Central Bank of Sri Lanka n] Sri Lanka df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Communication and External Relationship Management for Banks ljifos sfo{qmddf efu lng c;f/ ! ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ ( ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] .

;fdfGo ;]jf ljefusf pklgb]{zs dft[sfk|;fb kf}8]n / ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs xl/uf]ljGb dxh{g Guarantco n] Singapore df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Seminar on Project Financing df

cGt/f{li6«o tflnd tyf ;]ldgf/df ;xeflutfefu lng c;f/ !@ ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ !* ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] .

a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs ;'lzn lah'If] Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) n] Singapore df cfof]hgf u/]sf] 20th MAS Banking Supervisor\'s Training Program df efu lng c;f/ % ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ !# ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] .

ljsf; a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs vu/fh ;fksf]6f, l;4fy{gu/ sfof{nosf ;xfos lgb]{zsx? dfwj/fh 9sfn / lza's'df/ ljZjsdf{ tyf kf]v/f sfof{nosf ;xfos lgb]{zs zfnLu|fd uf}8]n /]UdL Central Bank of Sri Lanka n] Sri Lanka df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Effective Credit Appraisal and Credit Risk Management ljifos sfo{qmddf efu lng c;f/ @@ ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ @( ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] .

ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs /fhgk|;fb clwsf/L Standard Charted Bank Limited n] Singapore df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Asia Reserve Managers Exchange Workshop df efu lng c;f/ !$ ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ @! ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] .

;+:yfut of]hgf ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs /fd]Zj/ kf]v/]n Central Banking Publications n] Singapore df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Central Bank\'s Investment Forum and National Assets and Liability Management ljifos sfo{qmddf efu lng c;f/ @) ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ @^ ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] .

o;}u/L, n3'ljQ k|a4{g tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs Clif/fd cfrfo{, kf]v/f sfof{nosf ;xfos lgb]{zs b]j]Gb|/fh nD;fn / hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ljefusf k|wfg ;xfos xl/bf; j}i0fj CICTAB n] India df cfof]hgf u/]sf] Restructuring and Strengthening Agricultural Rural Financing Institutions ljifos sfo{qmddf efu lng c;f/ !( ut] To;tkm{ k|:yfg ug'{ eO{ #) ut] :jb]z kms{g' eof] .

lj/f6gu/ ;dfrf/

:jfut tyf ljbfO{ ;df/f]x;?jf eO{ lj/f6gu/ sfof{nodf xflh/ x'g' ePsf lgb]{zs /fd' kf}8]nsf] :jfut / lj/f6gu/ sfof{noaf6 hgzlQm Aoj:yfkg ljefudf ;?jf x'g' ePsf lgb]{zs bLksaxfb'/ yfkfsf] ljbfO{ sfo{s|d c;f/ @@ ut] lj/f6gu/ sfof{nodf ;DkGg eof] . ;f] sfo{s|ddf g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf nfdf] ;do sfo{/t /xL o;} jif{ lj/f6gu/ sfof{noaf6 cjsfz k|fKt ug'{x'g] cf7hgf k"j{ sd{rf/Lx? tyf ljbfO{ eO{ hfg'x'g] lgb]{zs yfkfnfO{ dfofsf] lrgf] k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm :jfut tyf labfO{ sfo{s|ddf lgb]{zs /fd' kf}8]nn] Aoj:yfkg / o'lgogsf] cfk;L ;dGjo / ;xof]udf ;+:yfn] ck]lIft nIo xfl;n ug{;Sg] ePsfn] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ agfpg b'a} kIf plts} rgfvf] x'g'kg]{ atfpg' eof] . lgb]{zs bLksaxfb'/ yfkfn] cfkm\gf] sfo{sfndf cfkm"nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{x'g] ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg'eof]] . sd{rf/L o'lgogsf cWoIfx?n] Aoj:yfkg / sd{rf/L o'lgogsf] ;DaGw af/]df cf—cfkm\gf] dGtAo AoQm ug'{eof] .

k'/:sf/ ljt/0f sfo{s|dg]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] ^)cf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] pknIodf lj/f6gu/ sfof{nodf cfof]hgf ul/Psf ljleGg k|ltof]lutfTds sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL eO{ ljhoL x'g'x'g] sd{rf/Lx?sf ;Gtltx? tyf /Qmbfg sfo{s|ddf ;xefuL x'g] sd{rf/L tyf sd{rf/Lsf kl/jf/x?nfO{ lgb]{zs /fd' kf}8]nn] k'/:sf/, pkxf/ tyf k|df0fkq k|bfg ug'{eof] .

of]u lzlj/ ;~rfngof]u ;fwgfaf6 dg, dl:tis tyf z/L/ :j:y /fVg d2t k'Ug] x'gfn] o;nfO{ b}lgs hLjgdf ;dfj]z u/L z/L/ :j:y tyf hLjg ;'vL agfpg lj/f6gu/ sfof{no / kt~hnL of]u ;ldlt df]/ªsf] ;xsfo{df c;f/ @@ ut]b]lv @* ut];Dd lj/f6gu/ sfof{no ejgdf PsxKt] of]u lzlj/ ;+rfng eof]] . ;f] of]u sfo{s|dsf] pb\3f6g lgb]{zs >L /fd' kf}8]nn] ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

hgzlQm ultljlw g]kfn /fi6« a}s ;dfrf/

11

sfdsfh÷;?jflj/f6gu/ sfof{nosf lgb]{zs bLksaxfb'/ yfkf hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ljefu -sfdsfh_ df, hgsk'/ sfof{nosf lgb]{zs lktfDa/ e08f/L cg';Gwfg ljefudf, cg';Gwfg ljefusf lgb]{zs ;'lgn pbfz ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefudf, ljQ Joj:yfkg ljefusf lgb]{zs Clifs]z e§ ljQLo hfgsf/L PsfOdf / ljQLo hfgsf/L PsfOsf lgb]{zs d's'Gb dxt hgsk'/ sfof{nodf ;?jf x'g' ePsf] 5 .o;}u/L, ljQ sDkgL ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf lgb] {zs PlhGb|k|;fb n'O{ F6]n ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefu -sfdsfh_ df tyf a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefusf lgb] {zsåo /fd' kf}8]n / lj>'t yfkf qmdzM lj/f6gu/ / wgu9L sfof{nodf ;?jf x'g' ePsf] 5 .a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf lgodg ljefusf pklgb]{zs dft[sfk|;fb kf}8]n ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefu -sfdsfh_ df, n3'ljQ k|a¢{g tyf ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf pklgb]{zs lbks s]= ;L= ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefu -sfdsfh_ df, ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs /fh' kf}8]n a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefu -sfdsfh ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefu_ df / ljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefusf ;xfos lgb]{zs ljgf 9sfn kf}8]n lj/f6gu/ sfof{nodf ;?jf x'g' ePsf] 5 .;fdfGo ;]jf ljefusf k|wfg rfns lzj/fh clwsf/L g]kfnu~h sfof{no -sfdsfh_ df, ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefus} pkk|wfg rfnsx? uf]ljGb dxh{g / s[i0f gsdL{ qmdzM d'b|f Joj:yfkg ljefu -sfdsfh_ / jL/u~h sfof{no -sfdsfh_

df tyf lj/f6gu/ sfof{nosf gfoa ;~rf/ rfns d's'Gb g]kfn cg';Gwfg ljefudf ;?jf x'g' ePsf] 5 .cg';Gwfg ljefusf pk;xfos s'df/ kl08t ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefudf, hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ljefusf sf= ;= k|yd hutaxfb'/ a:g]t cfGtl/s n]vfk/LIf0f ljefudf, d'b|f Joj:yfkg ljefusf sf= ;= låtLo zfGtfnIdL Bf]nf ljsf; a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf / ljQ sDkgL ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf sf= ;= t[tLo lgd{nf clwsf/L hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ljefu -sfdsfh_ df ;?jf x'g' ePsf] 5 .

sf= d'= d's//÷;?jfljb]zL ljlgdo Joj:yfkg ljefusf pklgb]{zs /ljGb| dxh{g, a}+s ;'kl/j]If0f ljefusf pklgb]{zs ladn/fh vgfn / a}+s;{ k|lzIf0f s]Gb|sf pklgb]{zs ljgf]b/fh cfrfo{ lgb]{zs kbdf sfod d'sfod d's// x'g' ePsf] 5 . ;?jf ePsf] ljefudf xflh/ ePsf] ldltb]lv sfod d'sfod nfu' x'g] u/L pxfFx?sf] qmdzM ljQ Joj:yfkg ljefu, a}+lsª sfof{no / ljQ sDkgL ;'kl/j]If0f ljefudf ;?jf ePsf] 5 .

a9'jf÷kb:yfkg÷gofF lgo'lQmljleGg ljefu÷sfof{nodf clws[t t[tLo:t/df sfo{/t k|fljlws ;]jftkm{sf ;xfos lgb]{zsx? cfGtl/s d"Nof+sgsf dfWodaf6 ;f]xL ;]jftkm{sf] clws[t låtLo:t/ -pklgb]{zs_ kbdf a9'jf eO{ sfo{/t /x]s} ljefu÷sfof{nodf kb:yfkg x'g' ePsf] 5 . o;/L a9'jf eO{ kb:yfkg x'g]df ueg{/sf] sfof{nosf

/fdk|;fb /fhe08f/L, ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefusf jf;'b]j >]i7 tyf ldgf 9sfn / d'b|f Joj:yfkg ljefusf nf]s]Gb|k|;fb cof{n x'g'x'G5 .o;}u/L, k|fljlws ;]jftkm{s} clws[t t[tLo:t/ -;xfos lgb]{zs_ kbdf d'b|f Joj:yfkg ljefusf s]zj dxh{g / ;fdfGo ;]jf ljefusf ljgf]b zfSo cfGtl/s d"Nof+sgs} dfWodaf6 a9'jf eO{ sfo{/t /x]s} ljefudf kb:yfkg x'g' ePsf] 5 ./fdk|;fb Gof}kfg]n] l;¢fy{gu/ sfof{nosf] ;xfos txdf gofF lgo'lQm kfpg' ePsf] 5 . a9'jf x'g''x'g] ;a}nfO{ / gofF lgo'lQm kfpg' x'g] Gof}kfg]nfO{ ;dfrf/sf] xflb{s awfO{ Û

u|]8 ldnfgPp6} ldltsf] lgo'lQm ;d"xsf sd{rf/Lx? dWo] kl5Nnf jif{x?df a9'jf x'g]sf] eGbf cl3Nnf jif{x?df a9'jf x'g]sf] u|]8 /sd sd ePsf] cj:yf /x]sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] c;dfg u|]8 ;+Vof yk u/L ldnfg ul/Psf] 5 . o; Joj:yfaf6 a}+ssf !#) hgf sd{rf/Lx? nfeflGjt x'g' ePsf] 5 .

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