global forum on gender statistics, manila, philippines, 11-13 october, 2010...
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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UNPAID HOUSEWORK: WOMEN
BURDEN MORE
Liu Wei
National Bureau of Statistics, China
ESA/STAT/AC.219/29
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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A time use survey was carried out by NBS in May
2008, There were 37142 interviewees aged 15-74
years old from 10 provinces. Among which were
19621 urban residents and 17521 rural residents,
18927 female and 18215 male.
I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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The Diary
Open diary with intervals of 10 minutes was adopted in
the survey. The items included:
• main activity
• secondary activity
• location (the means of transportation if in transit)
• with whom when the activity starts
Every respondent was asked to fill in two diaries, one for
weekday, and one for weekend day.
I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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The Classification of Activities
The activity classification for time use in this survey:
9 categories, 61 groups and 113 classes
The 9 categories are:
0- Personal activity 1- Formal employment
2- Household primary work
3- Household manufacture and construction work
4- Household service 5- Household domestic work
6- Caring for families and volunteer activity
7- Study 8- Social life and leisure time
I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008
Caring for families is divided into:
61- Care for Children
62- Care for Adults. 4
Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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Output
Three indicators are used for measuring main activities: Average timeParticipation rateAverage time of participants
All indicators are provided by gender
Other characteristics are: age, marriage, occupation,
education, income and urban/rural
I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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I. TIME-USE SURVEY IN CHINA, 2008
Output
• Main activity: the records of main activity are
complete. The result shows that the average time of
no activity (no code or no record of activity) are
less than 1 minute per diary.
• Secondary activity: the records of secondary
activity are incomplete. Many records were filled
with only beginning time, but no ending time.
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE
Responsibility by Gender
In China, women take on most housework.
Average time of housework:
Women: 4 hours (234 minutes)
Men: 1.5 hours (91 minutes)
Sources: 2008 time use survey in China
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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Responsibility by Gender
Sources: 2008 time use survey in China
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE
Average Time of Housework ( minute )
Main Activity Total Male Female
Total 164 91 234
of which:
Cooking 66 30 101
Child-care 21 11 31
male = 1
Total 2.6
Cooking 3.4
Child-care 2.8
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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Responsibility by Gender
Female participation of child-care
Participation rate: 22 %,
The average time of female participants: 137 minutes.
Sources: 2008 time use survey in China
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE
More than 1/5 of women engaged in child-care,
and on average they spent more than 2 hours
on it per day.
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE
Sources: 2008 time use survey in China
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
M F M F M F M F M F M F
home < 1km 1-3km 3-5km 5-10km >10km
Minute
Cooking
Child-care
The Average Time Use by Distance between Home and Work Place
Responsibility by Gender
Does this result means that the time spent on child-care is rigid?
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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女
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
分钟
照顾未成年家人做饭购物洗衣打扫住所
男
0
50
100
150
15-1
9
20-2
4
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
45-4
9
50-5
4
55-5
9
60-6
4
65-6
9
70-7
4
年龄
分钟
Responsibility by Age
Time on taking care of child
• Two segments and two peaks, both for women and for men
• Women spent more time on child-care than men do.
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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女
0
50
100
150
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15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
分钟
照顾未成年家人做饭购物洗衣打扫住所
男
0
50
100
150
15-1
9
20-2
4
25-2
9
30-3
4
35-3
9
40-4
4
45-4
9
50-5
4
55-5
9
60-6
4
65-6
9
70-7
4
年龄
分钟
Responsibility by Age
Practice in China:
• Women usually give their first birth around 25 years old
• Husband is normally couple of years older than his wife
• The age of retire for women is 50-55, for men is 55-60
II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE
Can the result be explained by the practices?
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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II. TIME USE: WHO TAKE ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF CARE
Responsibility, Secondary Activity
Child-care as Secondary ActivityTotal F M
Total Records 8114 6026 2088
Records /per 100 Diary by Age Group
25-34 74 22
35-44 29 14
55-64 27 14
Sources: 2008 time use survey in China
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Global Forum on Gender Statistics, Manila, Philippines, 11-13 October, 2010
中中华华人人民民共共和和国国国国家家统统计计局局
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• With whom
• For whom
• Taking adult-care
III. A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON DIARY
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