globalizacija i nacionalna strategija razvoja

7/30/2019 Globalizacija i nacionalna strategija razvoja

1/21

3

@imociezcgejc e lcgemlcilk

wrckèjc rczqmjc bclcw

Ezìkbc bc wrck~ne qcijc rczfe~ijce {trcqm { lcezìkb okzeziczlefwe{cgejcfc, Rcbc lejk bmqmijlm wcfm rcdee /trmfklk/ qkv jk l{dlm ewnczce n{bcdkijklk trmfklk rkoc bc qmbk, Nm lk zlc n{bc jk nrkl{m) cfm lencbc lkvk weve,Mqm wcfm tmqry{jk bc) nmienm `mb wcbc oeie lklmrfcile {wimqe zc {qryeqcljkbr{~qklk e knmlmfwnk wrckèjk { lcw) okz ljk lk fmdk oee omijk lk`m wc ljmf,

Bkkrfelclk e kikfkle wqcnk br{~qklk e knmlmfwnk wrckèjk w{ormjle, Trkbfk mqm` rcbc oevk wcfm bqc tecljc, Trqm) bc ie { wcbc~ljkfwqkwnmf mnr{dklj{ fcik zkfijk {mt~k fm`{ bc efcj{ wqmjk wcfmwcilk rczqmjlk

wrckèjk= Br{`m) cnm fm`{ & bc ie m tmbrcz{fkqc e {egcj lc amrfercljk ekqmi{gej{ treqrkblk wr{n{rk) {nij{|{j{ve /grqkl{ fcrcf{/ zq, elb{wrejwnktmieenk=

Wqcrle e icdle cr`{fkle zc qrblj{ bc zc wcfmwcilk rczqmjlk wrckèjk

fcieh zkfcijc lkfc qe~k {wimqc nrkv{ wk { rcwtml{ mb mojkneqlk ìmociezcgejktrmezqmbljk e tmwimqcljc { wqkwnmj treqrkbe) trknm |eljklegk bc wk elwe{&gemlciezcgejmf jkblm` nmlgktc ìmociezcgejk wqef zkfijcfc lcfkvk jkbcl fmbkitreqrkyeqcljc) bm rde~lm` a{lbcfklciezfc ncm ebkmim~nk tmbim`k qicbcj{vk`fmbkic ìmociezcgejk,


2/21


3/21

?,3 Lkfc {wimqc zc wcfmwcilk rczqmjlk wrckèjk fcieh zkfcijc=

7

trehqck cnqk tmwimqk) cie cnqk elb{wrejwnk bkiclmwe m|e ikblm lew{ wcwcqle bkmljehmqk rczqmjlk wrckèjk (Ocibclk) Wbm`ce)Rcjmie ?44?, ww,34) 32) 38,%,

Lc mwlmq{ mtewcleh mojkneqleh trmgkwc { wqkwnmj treqrkbe flmè c{mrezcnij{|{j{ bc vk trmezqmblc wr{n{rc fcieh) c tmwkolm lkrczqejkleh zkfcijc wqkqe~k bc o{bk tmwikbegc mbi{nc rclwlcgemlcieh trkb{zkvc) oclcnc e br{ eh wrclehw{ojkncc) mblmwlm bc ef wqk fcljk trmwmrc mwcjk zc wcfmwcilk lcgemlcilkwrckèjk rczqmjc,

Tmr{n{ bc wqk fcljk efc mwlmqc zc wcfmwcilk lcgemlcilk wrckèjk

rczqmjc) {z tmfmv fkmbc ~cr`crktk e ~ctc) {tmrlm lcfkv{ fky{lcrmblkaelclwejwnk e knmlmfwnk mr`clezcgejk nmjk w{ wcqijklk { wi{do{ wtrmqmykljcjkblm` mbrkyklm` nmlgktc ìmociezcgejk, Rcj nmlgkt) tmb mzlcnmf/Qc~el`mlwne nmlwklz{w/ { trmknieh bqcbkwkcn `mbelc wimdlm w{ wtrmqmbeieFky{lcrmble fmlkcrle amlb) Wqkwnc oclnc) felewcrwqm aelclwejc WCB (nmjk eh etm qicwle~q{ nctecic nmlrmie~k% e Wqkwnc r`mqelwnc mr`clezcgejc,

Rre w{ w{oc Qc~el`mlwnm` nmlwklz{wc: aewncilc rkwrengejc) treqcezcgejc eieokrciezcgejc, Rc tmieenc wk zkfijcfc { rczqmj{ e zq, rclzegeje lcfkvk{wimqijcqcljkf nmre~vkljc wrkbwcqc FFA e Wqkwnk oclnk e {wimqijcqcljkf trejkfc{ Wqkwn{ r`mqelwn{ mr`clezcgej{,

Aewncilc rkwrengejc jk mwlmqc wcoeiezcgemleh trm`rcfc FFA) ezczeqc omilmwfcljkljk moefc e nqciekc {wi{`c nmjk jcqle wknmr tr{dc wclmqle~q{ (zbrcqijk)morczmqcljk) wmgejcilc tmfmv%, Tm Weìez{) FFA wqmjmj niejklkie mojc~ljcqc: /lmtcel) lm `cel/) cie wqk qe~k wk bk~cqc bc m omilm treic`mycqcljk lk bmlmwe lencnqknmrewe, Aewncilc rkwrengejc e qewmnk ncfck wcfm wt{cqcj{ elqkwegejk erktrmb{n{j{ lkzctmwiklmw ( Weìez ?44?,%,

Wr{n{rlm treic`mycqcljk nmjk jk bm lkbcqlm zchkqcic Wqkwnc oclnc)tmbrcz{fkqcim jk ieokrciezcgej{ gklc e bkqezlm` n{rwc) wtmijlk r`mqelk e wledkljkgcrelwnk e lkgcrelwnk zc~ek, Ieokrciezcgejc gklc e n{rwc ezczeqcj{ qewmn{ elaicgej{ e

rkcngej{ { qeb{ rkwreneqlk fmlkcrlk e aewncilk tmieenk wc mtewclef kaknefc,Nmlgkt treqcezcgejk zcwlmqcl lc ebkmimèje /fcik brdcqk/ nmjmf wk wi{dk

ezqr~emge Qc~el`mlwnm` nmlwklz{wc, Tm mj ebkmimèje wcfm treqclm qicwle~qmmokzoky{jk knmlmfwn{ kaencwlmw) zcm wk treqcezcgejc fmrc mocqee ~m ordk e okzmozerc lc gkl{, Geij jk bc wk orzm wqmre qicbcj{vc nicwc) bc wk kiefele~k lcwikyklctrmezqmblc wr{n{rc e efk mqmre t{ zc treic`mycqcljk trmezqmblk wr{n{rkelkrkwefc lmqeh) { qkvele wi{|cjkqc elmwrcleh qicwlenc, Le m lk fmdk bc o{bkokzomilm, Gklc jk rclzegemlc rkgkwejc) tcb trmezqmbljk) zctmwiklmwe) deqmlm`


4/21

@imociezcgejc e lcgemlcilk wrckèjc rczqmjc bclcw

2

wclbcrbc, [ jkblmj clnke tmzlce wqkwne knmlmfewe lew{ oeie { wclj{ bc bkaele~{ncbc jk nrcj rclzegejk,

Wqkwnc r`mqelwnc mr`clezcgejc mb wqeh lmqeh |iclegc zchkqc bc {nrcnmf rmn{ mwqcrk wledkljk gcrelc zc nmjk w{ br{`k zkfijk efcik lcrcwtmic`clj{ |ecqk bkgklejk, Zcjkblm wc treqcezcgejmf) cnqm lcìm wfcljkljkzc~ek bmfcvk treqrkbk kaencwlm /mwimocyc/ treqrkbl{ wr{n{r{ /lkkaencwlktrmezqmbljk/, Nrmz wqkwn{ r`mqelwn{ mr`clezcgej{ w{ wk bm wcbc {qkn mwqcreqcieelkrkwe rczqejkleh zkfcijc zc mqcrcljk rde~c zkfcijc { rczqmj{ bmn w{ rczqejklkzkfijk e bclcw zcbrdcik qewmn{ zc~e{ tmijmtreqrkbk e knweilm` wknmrc, Tm tmrkoemlk ~ek br{`k wknmrk zim{tmrkomf clebcftel~neh tmw{tcnc) khle|nehtrmtewc e wclbcrbc,

Nmje nmlgkt ìmociezcgejk Qc~el`mlwne nmlwklz{w efc { qeb{) lcjomijktmncz{jk trmjkn Wqkwnk r`mqelwnk mr`clezcgejk m ieokrciezcgeje r`mqelk {wi{`cfc,Bm nrcjc ?44?, `mbelk |iclegk Wqkwnk r`mqelwnk mr`clezcgejk jk rkocim bctrehqck ezfklk knwc wtmrcz{fc m r`mqele {wi{`cfc (@CRW% {wqmjklm` 3552,@mbelk, Geij jk mcilc ieokrciezcgejc mocqijcljc wqeh) tc e jcqleh {wi{`c, Cnm wkezfklk {wqmjk) tm trelget{ lcgemlcilm` rkfclc) wqcnc nmftclejc ez oeim nmjk|iclegk Wqkwnk r`mqelwnk mr`clezcgejk efcvk trcqm bc nmln{re~k zc tmwimqk {wqcnmj br{`mj zkfije) nmjk w{ bm wcbc mocqijcik jcqlk wi{dok, Brdcqc vk oee b{dlcbc k tmwimqk tmqkrcqc nmftcleje nmjc bc lcjomij{ tml{b{) okz mozerc bc ie jk mlcbmfcvc eie elmwrclc, Wrkbwqc zc morczmqcljk) zbrcqwqm) bk|ej{ zc~e{)

trmezqmblj{ e bewreo{gej{ qmbk) klkrèjk) nmf{lcileh eie tm~clwneh {wi{`c)oeoiemknc) f{zkjc eie jcqlm` wcmorcvcjc) brdcqc vk bmbkijeqce lcjomijkf tml{yc|{,

[ teclj{ w{ nicwe|lk a{lngejk brdcqk { moicwefc { nmjefc rde~keftkraknlm eie lktmt{lm a{lngemle~k, Lejk { teclj{ wcfm w{qkrklm trcqm brdcqkbc mocqijc k a{lngejk lk`m wk bmqmbe { tecljk e mb`mqmrlmw zc nqciek jcqleh{wi{`c e bkfmnrcwnc nmlrmic eh moicwe,

Wqcnc ebkmimèjc) tc e Qc~el`mlwne nmlwklz{w tmn{~cqc bc wk tmnrejk

lc{nmf, Lkmieokrciezcf { clìmwcnwmlwnef zkfijcfc ez tkrembc _, _k`clc eF,Rc|kr oem jk mwlmqc Qc~el`mlwnm` nmlwklz{wc, Lkmnicwe|lc knmlmfwnckmrejc oeic jk bm trk bqcbkwkcn `mbelc qicbcj{vc bmnrelc e { cncbkfwnefnr{`mqefc, Rkn { lmqejk qrkfk jk mlc bmqkbklc { tecljk,

Ebkmimèjc wimomblm` rde~c nmjc wk |kwm tretew{jk Cbcf{ Wfe{ qrbe bcrde~lk wlc`k e trmaelc fmeqcgejc {wfkrcqcj{ treqrkb{ lc tmwezcljk kaencwleh


5/21

?,3 Lkfc {wimqc zc wcfmwcilk rczqmjlk wrckèjk fcieh zkfcijc=

;

rk~kljc) ncm lknmf lkqebijeqmf r{nmf, Tre rde~lm mbrkyklef gklcfc rmok eacnmrc trmezqmbljk) lc mwlmq{ trmaelk fmeqcgejk e rcwtmimdeqmwe acnmrctrmezqmbljk) treqrkbc tmwedk rcqlmkdlm wcljk Tcrkm mtef{fc (tre nmjkf wkle|eje tmimdcj lk fmdk tmtrcqee c bc wk lk tm`mr~c tmimdcj lknm` br{`m`% {z t{l{zctmwiklmw, [qkn wk lcblegc fmdk wlezee lc leqm nmje vk mfm`{vee zctm~ijcqcljkwqeh nmje m dkik, Mwcjk wcfm bmormqmijlc lkzctmwiklmw mleh nmje wk mbi{|k zcbmnmieg{,

Bc oe /lkqebijeqc r{nc/ tmweìc tmfkl{k kaknk) tmrkolm jk bc o{b{ewt{ljkle wqe wikbkve {wimqe: bc wqc rde~c zc wcbc~lj{ e o{b{v{ rmo{ e acnmrktrmezqmbljk tmwmjk e tmt{lm a{lngemle~{ tre tkraknlmj nmln{rklgeje) bc lk o{bkrcw{veh trelmwc) knmlmfejk moefc) knwkrleh knmlmfejc) fmlmtmic e cwefkrejk)mblmwlm eftkraknlmwe elamrfcgejc (Nclo{r 3555,w, ?81,%,

Qc~el`mlwne nmlwklz{w leqm mbi{|eqcljc e mtefezcgejk tmfkrc wclcgemlcilk lc wqkwn{ rcqcl, Zoer lcgemlcileh mtef{fc lk zlc|e e wqkwnemtef{f, M{bc ìmociezcgejc zchkqc bc rde~le a{lbcfklciezcf {rky{jkknmlmfwnk mblmwk wc wqkwnmf) c lk lc lcgemlcilmf leqm{,

Cnm wlc`k /lkqebijeqk r{nk/ { wqkwnef mnqerefc ezjkblc|cqcj{ rmolk gklke gklk acnmrc trmezqmbljk) efk vk oee mbrkykl e rczfk~cj trmezqmbljk) moef ewr{n{rc fky{lcrmblk r`mqelk, Tmjkbelc|lef zkfijcfc vk tretcwe wr{n{rctrmezqmbljk e rczfklk nmj{ mbrky{j{ trelgete nmftcrceqleh trkblmwe, Zcwmtwqkl{ rczqmjl{ wrckèj{ lkfc mtrcqbcljc,

Tmimdcj wqcnk zkfijk oevk mbrkykl rcwtmimdeqef trermblef acnmrefctrmezqmbljk) rcblmf wlc`mf e ij{bwnef nctecimf) lc{nmf e khlmimèjmf nmjmfrcwtmicdk, Fcik e lkrczqejklk zkfijk efcvk trkblmwe { trmezqmblje e ezqmz{ rmokzcwlmqclk lc trermblef rkw{rwefc) lc jkaelmj rcblmj wlcze e efecgeje j, trk{zkmjkhlmimèje, Rcnqe trmezqmbe wcbrdk fci{ bmbcl{ qrkblmw, Rcncq knwklzeqclrczqmj jk kdcn jkr zchkqc wcilm tmqkvcqcljk nmie|elk {tmrkoijkleh acnmrctrmezqmbljk, Qkienk e rczqejklk zkfijk efcj{ e qkienm rde~k) rczqejkl{ lc{n{ ekhlmimèj{ nmjk) tmqkvcqcj{ve trmb{neqlmw wqeh acnmrc) mfm`{vcqcj{ elklzeqclrczqmj e qkien{ bmbc{ qrkblmw tm jkbelege trmezqmbc,

Trmfklk { tmimdcj{ fcieh e lkrczqejkleh treqrkbc oeik oe tmwktklk encwncblk, Ncbc oe lmqk khlmimèjk { rczqejklef zkfijcfc mqmreik trmezqmblj{lmqeh nctecilm&elklzeqleh trmezqmbc wc qewmnmf bmbcmf qrkblm~v{) trmezqmbljcfcljk nctecilm&elklzeqleh bmocrc (wc fcljmf bmbcmf qrkblm~v{% wkieic oe wk {fcljk rczqejklk zkfijk, Tmwikbegk rczqmjc { rczqejklef zkfijcfc oe { qewmnmfwktkl{ mbrkyeqcik rczqmjl{ t{clj{ e wr{n{r{ fcieh (tm rde~{% e lkrczqejklehzkfcijc,


6/21


1

Cr`{fkle nmje zchkqcj{ tmwmjcljk wmtwqkleh rczqmjleh wrckèjc wqehzkfcijc trmezeiczk ez lkmbrdeqmwe ebkmimèjk rde~lm` a{lbcfklciezfc) lkmbrdeqmwe

Qc~el`mlwnm` nmlwklz{wc e trcnwk rczqejkleh zkfcijc,

Mtefezcgejc treqrkyeqcljc lc lcblcgemlcilmf) wqkwnmf) leqm{ jk

{mtejc, Zc flm`k nrekrej{fk mtefezcgejk wk tmwcqijc tecljk nm oe eh lcwqkwnmf leqm{ {qrbem) wqkwne tcricfkl) wqkwnc qicbc= \cn e ncbc oe cnqkelwe{gejk fmìk bkfmnrcwne e rcqlmtrcqlm bc mbi{|{j{ { efk ~kw feiejcrbewclmqlenc wqkc) tmwcqijc wk tecljk ncnm oe wk fmoeiewcie m`rmfle rclwakrenctecic nmje oe oeie tmrkole bc oe wk mlefc nmje trewcl{ lc wqkwn{ qicb{mokzokbeik jkblcnk ~clwk lc deqm e rczqmj= [mwcimf) e wcbc wk zlc bc elwe{gejk[jkbeljkleh lcgejc (FFA e Wqkwnc oclnc% ncm le br{`k fky{lcrmblk aelclwejwnkmr`clezcgejk lk qr~k mtefezcgej{ wc wqkwnm` wclmqe~c lk`m wc wclmqe~c wqmjehlcjqkveh cngemlcrc, Mb trkw{blm` zlc|cjc jk etcn m ~m ìmociezcgejc tmQc~el`mlwnmf nmlwklz{wc lejk mbrdeqc zom` lkmbrdeqmwe ljk`mqk /lc{|lktmbim`k/) rde~lm` a{lbcfklciezfc,

Rrde~le a{lbcfklciezcf jk lkmbrdeq jkr zc a{lngemlewcljk fmbkic

tmt{lm wimomblm` rde~c e fmbkic lkqebijeqk r{nk lew{ ewt{ljklk trktmwcqnk, Crkocim oe bc w{ ewt{ljklk wqk ewmqrkfklm e tmt{lm, Cnm lk tmwmjk eie w{lkrczqejklc rde~c zc wcbc~lj{ e o{b{v{ rmo{) {wi{`k e aelclwejwn{ cneq{(elkrkftmrcilc r`mqelc% lkfc c{mfcezfc { tmwezclj{ rcqlmkdk lee jk`crclmqclc ljklc Tcrkm mtefcilmw, Ljeh jk fm`{vk tmweve lc rde~le lc|elwcfm {z elkrqklgej{ wc rclwakrefc nmjefc oe wk nmre`mqcik tm|klk tmzegejkw{ojkncc, Le cbc) fky{ef) nmln{rklgejc lk oe oeic wcqr~klc zom` m`c ~m w{ {bclc~ljkf wqk{ rcw{ve trelmwe) mblmwlm knmlmfejc moefc) tmzeeqlk knwkrlkknmlmfejk) fmlmtmie e cwefkre|lmw) mblmwlm eftkraknlmw elamrfcgejc qe~ktrcqeim lk`m ez{zkcn,

Rm zlc|e bc wqk tmwikbegk mnczeqcljc rde~c ( fcrnk acei{rkw % e rde~leheftkrakngejc fmrc bc rk~cqc eie wtrk|cqc mb`mqcrcj{vc elkrqklgejc kn{vk erczqmjlk treqrkblk tmieenk, Rcnqc elkrqklgejc { bclc~ljef {wimqefc fm`{vc jkwcfm { mnqerefc tmjkbelc|leh brdcqc, Rm e jkwk jkbcl mb nij{|leh rczim`c zc~mwcfmwcilk lcgemlcilk rczqmjlk wrckèjk fmrcj{ bc tmwmjk,

[ trmknieh bqcbkwkcn `mbelc knmlmfwnc kmrejc wk tmlmqm te~ktmiczkve mb lcqkbkleh rkcileh mnmilmwe, [zefcljkf { mozer knmlmfejk moefc)eftkraknlk nmln{rklgejk e cwefkrejk elamrfcgejc) lcwcik w{ lmqk kmrejk


7/21

Zc wcfmwcilk rczqmjlk wrckèjk wqcnk zkfijk

0

rczfk~cjc trmezqmbljk e wtmijlk r`mqelk) c m w{ nij{|le kikfkle wqcnk rczqmjlkwrckèjk,

Rrde~k e rczqmjlc tmieenc w{ nmftikfklcrlk, Bc oe rde~k a{lngemlewcim)tmrkolk w{ mbrkyklk elkrqklgejk knmlmfwnk tmieenk, Jcqlc bmorc wk lk oewqcrcic (mborclc) zcnmle e jcqle rkb) zc~ec efmqelwneh trcqc% jkr wk lk fm`{trmezqmbee {z trmae, Trmaelm fmeqewclc {ic`cljc lk {iczk bmqmijlm { morczmqcljk)trefcrl{ zbrcqwqkl{ zc~e{ e knmim~n{ zc~e{ jkr wk ljehmqe knwkrle kakne lkfm`{ lcticee mb elberknleh nmrewlenc, Fmlmtmie wk fmrcj{ wtrk|cqceclefmlmtmiwnef zcnmlefc) tmwikbegk eftkraknlmwe e cwefkrejk elamrfcgejc wkfmrcj{ {oicdee rk`{iewcljkf rcbc aelclwejwneh rde~c e zc~emf tmrm~c|c, Mqcnqcnmftikfklcrlmw rde~c e rczqmjlk tmieenk lkzcfewieqc jk { Qc~el`mlwnmfnmlwklz{w{, Zcm jk ml e lkmbrdeq,

Zc lktmt{icrlmw rkl{lm` fmbkic ìmociezcgejk e trmtcw

Qc~el`mlwnm` nmlwklz{wc { tkrgktgeje feiemlc ij{be qe~k w{ qebijeqe cr`{fkleljehmqe tmrczle rkz{ice lk`m ~m jk ( wcfm fcimormjlef tmzlcc% ljehmqc imè|nc elc{|lc lknmlzewkllmw e lkmbrdeqmw,

/Mle nmje trmtcèrcj{ imociezcgej{ efcj{ qkmfc jkblmwcqlc ikbe~c, Zcljeh jk ìmociezcgejc (ete|lm tmewmqkvklc wc trehqccljkf rej{facilm` ncteciezfc

cfkre|nm` weic% trm`rkw> zkfijk { rczqmj{ fmrcj{ bc jk trehqck,,, Cie) flmèfzkfijcfc { rczqmj{ ìmociezcgejc lejk bmlkic mokvclk knmlmfwnk nmrewe, Wqkm~rejc ielejc tmbkik ezfky{ mleh nmje efcj{ e mleh nmje lkfcj{ mwcqeic jk rcw{veormj wclmqlenc eh zkfcijc { tmt{lmf wermfc~q{) wc blkqlef trehmbmffcljef mb 3 ", [ trmknimj bkgkleje ormj wermfc~leh { wqk{ tmrcwcm jk zc 344feiemlc ij{be/ (Weìez ?44?, w,;,%,

@imociezcgejc lejk bmlkic mokvclk nmrewe le _{weje le qkvele zkfcijc { zq,rclzegeje, Mqef zkfijcfc jk Zctcb rkncm bc vk ef lmqe knmlmfwne wewkf bmlkelkqeykle trmwtkrek, Weìm jk ekncnm qebijeqm wermfc~qm, Nmlrcw ezfky{

rclzegejk tm fmbki{ Qc~el`mlwnm` nmlwklz{wc { _{weje e rkz{icc rde~leh rkamrfewmtwqklk nrkcgejk { Nele jk m`rmfcl, [ 3554, mbele or{m bmfcve trmezqmb Nelkoem jk 14+ mb mlm` { _{weje, Wcbc jk morl{m (ewm) w,1,%, Le ieokrciezcgejc lejkbmlkic m|kneqclk nmrewe, Zctcblk zkfijk w{ trefmrcqcik wermfc~lejk zkfijk bckiefele~{ wqmjk trktrknk {qmz{ bmn w{ wcfk zcbrdcik wmtwqkl{ zc~e{, Refk w{zctrcqm wtrk|eik ezqmz tmijmtreqrkbleh trmezqmbc ez zkfcijc { rczqmj{ ie~cqcj{ve ehtrknm tmrkoleh bkqezleh trehmbc,

Rk~nm jk mgklee bc ie jk Qc~el`mlwne nmlwklz{w tmwe`cm wqmjk geijkqk {moicwe treqcezcgejk, Cnm jk geij oem tmweve kaknk or{cilk e { flmèf wi{|cjkqefc


8/21


8

nrefelciezmqclk trqmoelk cn{f{icgejk nctecic) zcqcrcljc e {le~kljc trmezqmblm`tmklgejcic e lcnml m`c mwimocycljk mb /qe~nc zctmwikleh/) mlbc jk trel{blc e{orzclc treqcezcgejc tmweìc wqmjk geijkqk, [trcqm jk cnqc treqcezcgejc trefkljklc{ _{weje cie e { lknef lcfc omijk tmzlcef brdcqcfc,

Bqc cr`{fklc oevk bmqmijlc bc wk bmncdk termqc tmokbc cnqktreqcezcgejk, Trqm jk tecljk zc~m oe lencnqc trmezqmbljc { zkfije oeic omijc mblkncnqk trmezqmbljk= Lkfc trmezqmbc nmje wk lk`bk { wqk{ lk trmezqmbe jkaelejk)cie ez m`c lk wikbe bc zkfijc fmdk bc trkdeqe e tice {qmz okz trmezqmbljk e|k`c,Br{`m) zc~m oe geij rkamrfe oem wfcljkljk ormjc zctmwikleh { zkfije= Zcr wktrmoikf kaencwlmwe rk~cqc cnm wk /qe~cn zctmwikleh/ ez fcljk kaencwleh wknmrc){fkwm { kaencwlej{ lmq{ zctmwiklmw) trkocge { rcw{ve nmle`kl lkzctmwikleh=

Rkmrejwne jk bmnczclm bc w{ {wimqe lkmthmble bc oe treqcezcgejc tmomij~cicfcnrmknmlmfwn{ kaencwlmw ewm mienm k~ne e wimdkle ncm e mle nmje qcdk bc oerde~k c{mfcwne tmweìm Tcrkm mtefcil{ rcqlmkd{, Trcne|lm lkbmwedle(Wcttel`ml) Weìez 3580,%, Cnm jk fmdbc e oeim bmormlcfkrleh eie lceqleh/treqcezkrc/ mle w{ { zkfijcfc { rczqmj{ e { rclzegeje {|eleie trmakwemlcilmlkbmzqmijeqk `rk~nk,

Trk treqcezcgejk w{ { qkvele zkfcijc trcne|lm ezqr~klk lcgemlciezcgejktrkb{zkvc { rczie|eef moiegefc lktreqclm` qicwle~qc) c gkm trmgkw treqcezcgejk jkzctrcqm kcezmqcl, Tm trelget{ mocqkzlk e orzk treqcezcgejk qicbk w{ trmbcqciktrkb{zkvc ewtmb rde~lk qrkblmwe e tre mfk mokzokbeik ie|lk nmrewe |iclmqefc

qicbcj{veh nr{`mqc, [ flmèf zkfijcfc jk cj trmgkw treqcezcgejk lczeqcl/femezcgejmf/ (Weìez ?44?, w, ;8,%, Lmqe qicwlege w{ zlcie bc cnm wk|kl{efmqel{ lkvk fmve bc zcbrdk { trcqlmj brdcqe, Zcm w{ rcwtrmbcqcie mtrkf{)mojknk e bkimqk trkb{zkvc) c `mmqel{ wnicljcie { elmwrclwqm,

Wr{|lm tmwfcrclm jm~ qkvc jk rk~nc oeic ~m wk lejk tm~mqcm rkbmwikbtmkzc nmje wk elc|k zlc ez kmrejk knmlmfwnk tmieenk, Zc rde~l{ treqrkb{ lejkqcdlc treqcezcgejc zc wkok) lk`m jcwlm bkaelewcljk efmqelwneh trcqc) zc~ec{`mqmrc e kaencwlm trkw{yeqcljk { treqrkblef wtmrmqefc, Qkvelc treqcezcgejc tmbtreewnmf Qc~el`mlwnm` nmlwklz{wc mocqijklc jk tm wqcn{ gkl{) trk lk`m ~m w{

{ mblmwlef brdcqcfc wqmrkle tmfkl{e elwe{gemlcile trkb{wimqe, Wtkgeae|lkefmqelwnk ncrcnkrewenk cngemlcrwneh br{~cqc) lc trefkr) lk fm`{ bc bmy{ bmezrcdcjc { mbw{wq{ rczqejklm` aelclwejwnm` rde~c) okrze) trmakwemlcilk rkqezejkaelclwejwneh ezqk~cjc trkb{zkvc e zc~ek elqkwemrc,

Zcbrdcvkfm wk wcfm lc trefkr{ Kqrmtwnk {lejk) fcbc oe wk wie|lc

ewn{wqc e rk~kljc fmìc lcve e { br{èf rkèmlcilef elk`rcgejcfc, Tmzlcm jk bc


9/21

Zc wcfmwcilk rczqmjlk wrckèjk wqcnk zkfijk

5

K[ efc lknk zcjkble|nk rczqmjlk wrckèjk qkzclk zc wr{n{rl{ e rkèmlcil{tmieen{) ncm e wknmrwnk wrckèjk, Tmwcqijc wk tecljk ncnm oe K[ nmlwe{ewciczcjkble|nk wrckèjk cnm lk oe oeim lcgemlcileh wrckèjc lc mwlmq{ nmjeh wk{qry{j{ elkrkwe e tremreke nmjk zcjkble|nk wrckèjk rkoc bc ezrczk= Lcrcqlm bctmwmjk lcgemlcilk wrckèjk, Rm wk lcjomijk qebe ez zchkqc nmjk K[ tmwcqijczkfijcfc nmjk wc ljmf efcj{ wtmrcz{f m cwmgejcgeje e qr~k tretrkfk zc {iczcn {K[, Jm~ treienmf mwleqcljc KKZ nmlwe{ewclk w{ rcjlk mocqkzk amrfercljc e{tmrkok wr{n{rleh amlbmqc zc mwqcrkljk mbrkykleh wrckèjc e m: {lctrkykljkrkèmlc nmje zcmwcj{ { rczqmj{) rkwr{n{rercljk rkèmlc mtkrkvkleh elb{wrejcfc/lc zcicwn{/) rk~cqcljk b{`mrm|lk lkzctmwiklmwe e zctm~ijcqcljc ficbeh) trmfklcc`rcrleh wr{n{rc e {lctrkykljk r{rcileh wrkbelc, Trkfc mtrkbkijklj{ eztrm`rcfwnm` bmn{fklc K[ /C`klbc ?444/ zkfijk nmjk w{ wnimteik wtmrcz{fk m

cwmgejcgeje efcvk trcqm lc nmre~vkljk wrkbwcqc wr{n{rleh amlbmqc ({ ezlmw{ mb 3feiejcrbk KG[ `mbe~ljk% c lc mwlmq{ /rczqmjleh wrckèjc e tremrekc {qrykleh lcrkèmlcilmf leqm{/,

Tmwmje tmwkolc wrckèjc lc{|lm&khlmim~nm` rczqmjc nmjc wk rkl{lmrkciez{jk { ~kwmf mnqerlmf trm`rcf{ zc lcrkbleh tk `mbelc,

Qkvelc wknmrwneh wrckèjc rcjlm jk {qryklc { mwleqc|nefbmn{fklefc K[, Lcjtmzlcejc jk wrckèjc rczqmjc tmijmtreqrkbk (zcjkble|nctmijmtreqrkblc tmieenc% nmjc wk wtrmqmbe wc geijkf mokzokykljc wcfmbmqmijlmwe etcreklm` leqmc bmhmnc tmijmtreqrkblm` wclmqle~qc ({ mblmw{ lc `rcbwnm%,

Mlc) fky{ef) lejk bmocr trefkr jkr wk ezrmbeic { c`rcrle trmkngemlezcf nmjetm`cyc br{`k kqrmtwnk trmezqmyc|k) c w{qe~k jk wn{tc e zc K[, W mozermf lc m bcjk rm~eic e bm ?-7 o{bdkc K[) mlc jk oeic bm bkcijc rczrcyeqclc) wc oeiclwefctrmezqmbljk) tmrm~ljk) zciehc e w{oqklgemlewclm` ezqmzc,

Mwcik wknmrwnk wrckèjk wk mblmwk lc rclwtmr e kiknmf{lencgejk){nij{|{j{ve ljehmqk rclwkqrmtwnk frkdk (nmjk wk ticlercj{ zc ; bm 34 `mbelc{lctrkb%) klkr`ken{ e elb{wrej{,

Rcnmzqclk hmrezmlcilk wrckèjk K[ mo{hqccj{ e wmgejcil{ tmieen{ jkr zc

K[ /wrckèjk b{`mrm|lm` rczqmjc zcwlmqclk lc nmftcrceqlef trkblmwefc tmmwlmq{ lewnm` wclbcrbc zc~ek zbrcqijc e rcbleh fkwc lew{ trehqcijeqk/, Mwcikhmrezmlcilk tmieenk wk mblmwk lc knmim~n{ zc~e{) zc~e{ tmrm~c|c) n{i{r{)morczmqcljk e mficbel{,

Lmqk trmoikfk rczqmjlmj wrckèje K[ bmlkim jk {qmykljk jkbelwqklkqci{k kqrc zom` m`c ~m jk fcnrmknmlmfwnc e rczqmjlc tmieenc zkfcijc |iclegcefk ez`{oeic bqc nij{|lc elwr{fklc knmlmfwnk tmieenk: fmlkcrl{ e bkqezl{tmieen{,


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Fmdk bc wk zcnij{|e bc w{ wqk e lcgemlcilk brdcqk w{qe~k nmftienmqcle bcoe eh oeim nmje c{mfcezcf mbrdcqcm { mtefcilmf wclj{ eie rczqmj{, Knmlmfwnckmrejc jk bmnczcic lkmbrdeqmw rde~lm` a{lbcfklciezfc e |eljkleg{ bc w{ {im`krde~c e knmlmfwnm&rczqmjlk tmieenk nmftikfklcrlk, Mbocgeqcljk ebkmimèjkrde~lm` a{lbcfklciezfc efc zc tmwikbeg{ bewnrkbecgej{ e lkmbrdeqmwQc~el`mlwnm` nmlwklz{wc e lc lc ljkf{ zcwlmqclm` /jkbelm`/ fmbkicìmociezcgejk, Knmlmfwnc tmieenc wk lk qmbe { qcn{f{ e ezqcl qrkfklc, Mlc jkmfkyklc wcljkf { br{~q{) treqrkbe e lknef dkijklef wcljkf { o{b{vlmwe, Rmo{b{vk wcljk e lc|el ncnm bm ljk`c bmve jk trkbfk lcgemlcileh wrckèjcrczqmjc,

Lcgemlcilk rczqmjlk wrckèjk tmwmjk zom` wtkgeae|lmwe tmjkbelc|leh

brdcqc mojkneqlm bceh (`km`rcawne tmimdcj) trermble rkw{rwe% eie br{~qklm{wimqijkleh (brdcqlm {rkykljk) lcgemlcilmw) qkrc) elbeqeb{ciewe|ne eie nmikneqlewewkf qrkblmwe% e tmrkok mbrdcqcljc lcrmbc e w{qkrklekc brdcqk,

Tmwmjk) lcrcqlm) lkne kikfkle rczqmjleh wrckèjc nmje w{ lkezokdlmtrew{le { wqef wrckèjcfc, Ljeh bclcw bmorm mtew{jk /lmqc tcrcbe`fc rczqmjc/,Mlm ~m jk wtkgeae|lm zc lcgemlcilk wrckèjk rczqmjc) jkwk lc|el amrfercljctreqrkblk wr{n{rk) wr{n{rk e rczfk~cjc trmezqmbljk e mlm`c ~m lc mwlmq{ ljkamrferc wr{n{r{ ezqmzc e {qmzc bck brdcqk zcjkblm wc br{èf nmftikfklcrlefrclwcngejcfc wc elmwrclwqmf,

Lmqc tcrcbe`fc rczqmjc tmicze mb m`c bc jk rczqmj fm`{v cie lejk

`crclmqcl) lejk lkezokdcl, Zchkqc jcwlm tmwcqijklk geijkqk e wrckèj{ ljehmqm`mwqcreqcljc, Bclcw qe~k lejk geij wcfm tmqkvcljk br{~qklm` trmezqmbc) lk`mtmomij~cl deqmle wclbcrb) omijk br{~qm {z fcljk wermfc~qc) omijk zbrcqwqm emorczmqcljk,

Lmqc rczqmjlc wrckèjc tmicze mb m`c bc fmrc tmwmjce qezejc bcm`br{~qc zc 34 bm ?4 `mbelc {lctrkb e bc jk trce b{`mrm|lc wrckèjc elqkwegejc,Tm~m w{ rkw{rwe m`rcle|kle) wrckèjc fmrc bc {qrbe tremrekk, Lkne kikfklewrckèjk mbrkykle w{ `km`rcawnef tmimdcjkf e trmwmrlef ncrcnkrewencfc brdcqk


11/21

Kikfkle lcgemlcileh rczqmjleh wrckèjc

33

e rcwtmimdeqm~v{ trermbleh rkw{rwc, Ez m`c trmezeicze wrckèjc wcmorcvcjlk eklkr`kwnk elarcwr{n{rk) trmwmrlm` rczfk~cjc trmezqmbljk e {roclezcgejk,

Mqk e mwcik wtkgeae|lk kikfklk rczqmjlk wrckèjk trkìkblm jk trenczcicWqkwnc oclnc (Pmiaklwmhl 3555,% { jkblmj fcrege nmjc lk wcfm bc lcorcjckikfklk nmjk rczqmjlk wrckèjk { trelget{ wcbrdk) lk`m e w{ojknk |ejk jknmrbelerclm bkimqcljk lkmthmblm bc oe wk mlc mwqcreic,

[wimqe mbrdeqm` rczqmjc e w{zoejcljc wermfc~qcWr{n{rle H{fcle Aeze|ne Wtkgeae|lk

3 ? 7 2 ; 1 0 8 5 34 33 3? 37 32W{ojkne

Kaencwlcqicbc

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Aelclwejwnewewkf

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etrm`rcf

Elwe{gejkmorczmq,e

zl

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Zbrcqijk

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tm

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clciezcgejc

Klkrèjc

Br{fwnewcmorcvcj

Rkiknmf

{lencgejk

KnmimèjcN{i{rc

_{rcilc

wrckèjc

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wrckèjc

Treqrkblkelqkwegejk

Wtkgeae|l

kzczkfij{

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lcgemlcilk

rkèmlcilk

imncilk

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Oeickrcilk

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mr`clezcg,

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trkb{zkvc

Gkielc e imènc wrckèjk nmjc oe { trelget{ mokzokyeqcic mbrdeq rczqmj ( wcwclmqe~c nmre~vkljc trermbleh rkw{rwc) knmimèjk e zcb{deqcljc { elmwrclwq{%tmbrmolejk jk mojc~ljklc e nmfklcrewclc { geerclmf bmn{fkl{ Wqkwnk oclnk elc br{`mf fkw{ (Nmqc| ?444,% ,

Mlm ~m jk { mqmj tcrcbe`fe zc rczqmj zcewc lmqm) jkwk lc|el lc nmje wkwrckèjc wqcrc) {wqcjc e mwqcr{jk, Wrckèjc jk deqe bmn{fkl> fmrc wcilm bc wktreic`mycqc e fkljc) lc mwlmq{ tcregetcgejk { ljklmf nrkerclj{) qicwle~qc enmlwklz{wc,


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Wrckèjc rczqmjc wi{de ncm ncciezcmr br{~qklm` nmlwklz{wc)mokzoky{jk tmqkzclmw trmjkncc e mwqcreqcljc tmzeeqleh knwkrleh kakncc,Tcregetcgejc e qicwle~qm zlc|k bc { ljklmf nrkerclj{ e mwqcreqclj{ {|kwq{j{ wqezcelkrkwmqcle w{ojkne) cnm bc wcfc wrckèjc o{bk ljehmqc) ljehmqm /qicwle~qm/,Br{èf rk|efc) bc lk o{bk k`zm`klc, E fky{lcrmblm ewn{wqm jk tmnczcim bcwrckèjc rczqmjc lenmfk rcjlm lk fmdk wtmijc bc wk lcfklk,

Cnm mqcj `klkrcile trew{t rczqmjlmj wrckèje qe~k e lejk wtmrcl) mwcj{ ebcijk mqmrklc lknc tecljc /bkcijc/, Rm jk) trqm) tecljk bm nmjk fkrk wrckèjcrkoc bc {icze { tmb{hqck moienmqcljc e trmfklk wr{n{rk trmezqmbljk ewtmijlmr`mqelwnk rczfklk, E br{`m) cnm rkoc) lc mwlmq{ nmjeh nrekrej{fc wk qr~kk trmfklk=

Cnm wk mwcqe okz clciezk e nmfklcrc ewn{wqm b{`mrm|lm` ticlercljc {

trkkdlm lkrde~lef {wimqefc) mwcj{ bqc wtkgeae|lc fmbkic trkbqeycljc e rcykljctreqrkblk wr{n{rk (e elb{wrejwnk tmieenk% { rde~lef {wimqefc, Trqm jk ewn{wqmzkfcijc Icelwnk Cfkrenk wc {qmzlm&w{twe{eqlmf elb{wrejciezcgejmf) c br{`m)trcnwc ezqmzlm {wfkrklm` rczqmjc { zkfijcfc j{`mewm|lk Czejk,

[qmzlm w{twe{eqlc elb{wrejciezcgejc e ezqmzlm {wfkrkle rczqmj wcfm w{lc trqe tmìkb bejcfkrcilm w{trmlk wrckèjk rczqmjc e amrfercljc treqrkblk

wr{n{rk, [ w{~ele mok w{ mo{hqcvklk tmieenmf zc~ek tmb nmjmf wk amrfercj{lmqk treqrkblk bkiclmwe, [qmzlc w{twe{gejc wk mocqijc tmb wewkfmf tcweqlkzc~elk tmieenk) zc~ek mb {qmzc) bmn wk ezqmzlm {wfkrkle rczqmj mwicljc lcelwr{fklcrej{f cneqlk zc~elk tmieenk) j, tmieenk {lctrkykljc ezqmzc,

Tmieenc {qmzlm w{twe{eqlk elb{wrejciezcgejk oeic jk ncrcnkrewe|lc zcrclk aczk wqkwlk rczqmjlk tmieenk) c { cncbkfwnmj iekrc{re jk {ìcqlmfnreenmqclc ncm tmieenc nmjc w{omtefcilm cimgerc rkw{rwk e wqcrc bewmrzejk {treqrkbe, Mzoeijlejc ewmrejwnc clciezc jk) fky{ef) {oicdeic mq{ nreen{, [mwcimf) {bclc~ljef {wimqefc { qkvele zkfcijc lkfc fm`{vlmwe bc lcwcl{ lmqktrmezqmbljk c bc tm trermbe wqcre lk zcfklj{j{ eie mojkneqlm lk nmln{re~{ {qmz{,W br{`k wrclk) lkfc bmnczc bc { wewkf{ lknmftikleh rde~c) knmlmfejkmoefc) fmlmtmic) cwefkrejk e eftkraknlmwe elamrfcgejc) fmdk wtmlclm bclcwclk mtefcilc treqrkblc wr{n{rc,

E jkblc e br{`c wrckèjc jk elkrqklgejc { mblmw{ lc wtmlclk mnmqk)elkrqklgejc zc nmj{ tmwmjk qcijcle rczimze, Mok wrckèjk w{ wcwcqle bkm tmjfc eelwe{gejc fk~mqek treqrkbk nmjmj bclcw rczqejklk treqrkbk b{`{j{ wqmj trmwtkrek,


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[qmzlm&w{twe{eqlc wrckèjc oeic jk mwlmqlc rczqmjlc wrckèjc `r{tkmb |krbkwkcn zkfcijc { rczqmj{ nmjk w{ tmwik Br{`m` wqkwnm` rcc tc bm ncwleh04&eh mbelc mwqcreqcik wmt{ rcwc br{~qklm` trmezqmbc tm wclmqlen{ mb trknm?);+ `mbe~ljk, Tre cnqmj wmte rcwc lcgemlcile bmhmbcn wk {bqmwr{|{jk wqcneh ?8`mbelc) mblmwlm { jkblmj ij{bwnmj `klkrcgeje,

Rc tmieenc jk tmnrkl{ic rczqmj e wqmreic zc~evklm) c efk e trmaemlmwlmbmfcvk rde~k zc elqkwemrk, [ tmfkl{ef zkfijcfc lejk oeim kmrejwne m|kneqclehfcnrmknmlmfwneh lkkaencwlmwe, Lc trmeq) nmb ljeh jk {n{tlc acnmrwnctrmb{neqlmw rcwic ordk e mb mlk { zkfijcfc j{`mewm|lk Czejk, Bcnik) w{twe{gejc{qmzc ncm wrckèjc tmqkvcljc elqkwegejc e trmb{neqlmwe bmlkic jk zcqeblkrkz{ick,

Trkwclcn knmlmfwnm` rcwc wrkbelmf wkbcfbkwkeh `mbelc trm~im`qknc lk fmdk wk qebke ncm tmwikbegc {qmzlm&w{twe{eqlk wrckèjk, [ m qrkfk jktrkwcim a{lngemlewcljk orkmlqmbwnm` wewkfc aenwleh bkqezleh n{rwkqc) oeic w{bqc lcalc ~mnc e ez{zklm tmqkvcljk cfkre|neh ncfcleh wmtc) c ezoeic jk eb{dle|nc nrezc (_mbren ?444, ww, 88&85,%, [zrmn trkwclnc rcwc oeic jk {ìcqlmflkwtmwmolmw treic`mycqcljc knmlmfwneh tmieenc mqef knwkrlef ~mnmqefc,

[ lmqejk qrkfk wk {qmzlm&w{twe{eqlc wrckèjc wfcrc bkimf tmieenktreqrkblm` rczqmjc nmjc jk { qkvele zkfcijc tm|kic elb{wrejciezcgejmf {z cr`{fklzc~ek ficbk elb{wrejk) ~m efc kmrejwnm mtrcqbcljk, [qmzlm&w{twe{eqlc aczcrczqmjc jk bkm trmgkwc treqrkblm` rczqmjc { nmfk wk wkikneqlm e lc m`rcle|klm

qrkfk ~ek mbrkykle wknmre elb{wrejwnk trmezqmbljk bmn lk tmwe`l{ moef ekaencwlmw trmezqmbljk wc nmjmf oe oeie { wclj{ bc ezbrdk nmln{rklgej{ lcbmfcvkf e elmwrclef rde~efc, [qmzlm&w{twe{eqlc tmieenc oe wk lc nrcj{trkqmreic { ezqmzlm {wfkrkle rczqmj, [ trqmj kcte rczqmjc tmbrdcqc wktmijmtreqrkbc {qmzmf mtrkfk e ezqmzmf ljkleh trmezqmbc, [ br{`mj acze) bmn wk{qmz elb{wrejwneh trmezqmbc lcwcqijc) bmfcvc trmezqmbljc lkneh mb eh trmezqmbczctm|eljk tmb mb`mqcrcj{vmf zc~emf, [ rkvmj acze bmfcvc elb{wrejc jk qkvelwnewlcobkqc| bmfcvk` rde~c) c { nmlc|lmj acze lcwcjk ezqmz elb{wrejwneh trmezqmbc{ qkienef rczfkrcfc (Whcackbbel ?444, w, 3;,%,

\kwm wk trmfc~cje {qmzlm&w{twe{eqlk wrckèjk tretew{j{ cr`{fkl{(tmieege% zc~ek ficbk elb{wrejk, Tre mfk wk zcomrcqijc bc jk tmlkncb gkicelb{wrejc oeic tmb zc~emf) cie lk tm trelget{ zc~ek ficbk elb{wrejk lk`m zom`bkaegec ticlm` oeiclwc, Tmrkb cnqk /im~k/ zc~elk tmieenk) nmjc jk oeic |kwc {Icelwnmj Cfkrege) tmwmjcic jk e /bmorc/ {qmzlm&w{twe{eqlc wrckèjc rczqmjc {zkfijcfc ewm|lk Czejk (ewm) w, 35,%,

Knwtclzejc ezqmzc e treieq elmwrclm` nctecic lew{ geij lk`m wrkbwqm)elwr{fkl rczqmjlk wrckèjk, Tmwktklm mqcrcljk bmfcvk treqrkbk fmdktmwtk~ee rczqmj lc qe~k lc|elc, Tre wcfmf mqcrclj{ jcqijc wk jkblmnrccl tmrcw


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or{m bmfcvk` trmezqmbc (ezrcdkl { wrclef gklcfc% zom` rkcimncgejk rkw{rwc {kaencwlej{ {tmrko{, Tm zcqr~klmj rkcimncgeje cj wk rczqmj ewgrtij{jk ez{zkq cnmtmwmjk ezqmre belcfe|neh nmrewe (ncm ~m jk tmqkvcljk elqkwegejc lc mwlmq{tmqkvclk ~kbljk) tcb gklc elqkwegemleh bmocrc cnm bc ewc aelclwejwnc wrkbwqcmfm`{v{j{ tmqkvcljk rkcileh elqkwegejc) trkrcwtmbkic lcgemlcilm` bmhmnc enmln{rklgejc nmjk tmbwe|{ ij{bk bc wcilm we|{ lmqk) nmrewlk nqcieaencgejk% ckaencwlmw rcbc e nctecic wk wcilm tmomij~cqc ezfky{ mwcim` e nrmz {qmzmtrkbfkvklk (mtrkfc% e lkmtrkbfkvklk khlmimèjk,

Tmwmje e jkblmwcqlejk {fc|kljk fm`{vk` bmtrelmwc ezqmzc treqrkblmfrcw{, Ezqmz fmdk bc lcbmnlcbe lkbmqmijl{ qkie|el{ bmfcvk` rde~c e mfm`{vewegcljk tmrkoleh bkqezc, _cw ezqmzc fmdk bc tmbwe|k rcw nij{|leh wknmrctreqrkbk e tmqkvcljk elqkwegejc, Kaencwlc rczqmjlc tmieenc mwimljklc lc ezqmz

rkocim oe bc wk mwimle lc wikbkvk {wimqk: bc ezqmz o{bk nmln{rklcl) ~m eftiegercmbrkykl{ tmieen{ bkqezlm` n{rwc) bc tml{bc rcbc e nctecic o{bk cbknqclc ~mtmbrcz{fkqc mbrkykl{ tmieen{ morczmqcljc) wcmorcvcjc e aelclwejwnm` tmwrk&bmqcljc) e bc tmrkole {qmzle elt{e o{b{ rcwtmimdeqe okz qewmneh gcrelc eie br{èhm`rcle|kljc, Mqcnq{ tmieen{ w{ qmbeik _kt{oienc Nmrkjc) Rcjqcl (Nelc%) Wel`ct{r)Fknwenm e Nelc) c rcbegemlcilm m e |ele Jctcl (Gmmtkr ?44?, ww, 337&33;,%,

Mwlmqk zc wcoeicl rczqmj _kt{oienc Nmrkjc jk wqmreic c`rcrlmfrkamrfmf ncbc jk zkfij{ jctclwneh qkiktmwkblenc tmbkieic bmfcvef wkijcgefc ewqmreic { zlc|cjlmj fkre k`ciecrl{ bewreo{gej{ bmhmnc, Mb 3514, bm 3507, rczqmj

jk tmwcm ezqmzlm {wfkrkl> `mbe~ljk wmtk rcwc ezqmzc oeik w{ 24&;4+ bmn jktrmezqmbljc rcwic tm wmte mb 34+, Mb 351?, `mbelk rk`{icrlm w{ bmlm~kletkm`mbe~lje ticlmqe nmje w{ {qmzlm&w{twe{eql{ wrckèj{ trkqmreie { ezqmzlm&{wfkrkle rczqmj, [|k~vk or{m elqkwegejc { mwlmqlk amlbmqk { br{~qklmftrmezqmb{ jk tmqkvcl wc 3;+ { 351;, lc ?1+ { 3515, `mbele, Br{è cicw qkienehelqkwegejc e orzm` rcwc tm|km jk 3507, `mbelk ncbc jk tm|kic bc wk amrferc k~ncelb{wrejc (|kien) c{mfmoeie%,

Aklmfklcicl rczqmj _kt{oienk Nmrkjk wk mojc~ljcqc zoermf lknmienmnij{|leh acnmrc: tmqkvclc cn{f{icgejc (acnmrc trmezqmbljk%) tmomij~clc cimncgejc

rkw{rwc) knmlmfejc moefc e khlmim~ne rczqmj, Ezqmz jk) lc wrcle rcdljk) oemimnmfmeqc rczqmjc, Elqkwegemlc rcdljc jk cnmyk wcilm oeic jcnc) c trmb{neqlmwrcbc jk rcwic ordk { elb{wreje lk`m { br{èf bkiclmwefc,

Tkm`mbe~lje ticlmqe w{ wcwqef mbrkyklm amrfercie treqrkbl{ wr{n{r{)oercj{ve tmjkbelk) trk wqk`c) ezqmzlm mrejklewclk wknmrk, Qicbc jk {egcic jk{wfkrcqcljk nrkbec) mbrdcqcic gklmql{ nmln{rkllmw ezqmzc wc tmlkncb oic`mbktrkwerclef rkcilef kakneqlef n{rwkf lcgemlcilk qci{k, Bm 3584, `mbelk w{tmwmjcic zlc|cjlc m`rcle|kljc {qmzc cie jk tmwegcljk ezqmzc tmwmjcim jm~ ez~kzbkwkeh mbelc, Bcqclk w{ tmrkwnk tmqicwegk) gcrelwne tmqrcvcje) oklkaegerclkncfclk wmtk (Gmiielw) Tcrn 3585, ww, 3??&372,%, Ezqmzlege w{ efcie trew{t


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3;

qkienmf ormj{ w{oqklgejc, [ tm|kn{ w{ w{oqklgejk oeik { mmqele) c tmwik 351;, {qeb{ mwimomykljc mb tmrkzc e gcrelc, Ezqmzlege w{ oeie mwimomykle {qmzlehm`rcle|kljc (bmzqmic%, [ 3504, mbele {n{tcl kaknc wqeh qrwc w{oqklgejc ezlmwemjk ?0)82+, Nrkbee ezqmzlegefc w{ cnmyk oeie qewmnm w{oqklgemlewcle) c berknlkezqmzlk w{oqklgejk bcqclk w{ lk wcfm aelcilef ezqmzlegefc lk`m e elberknlefezqmzlegefc, Ezqmz jk zlc|cjlm rkc`mqcm lc w{oqklgejk: 3+ tmqkvcljc w{oqklgejcbmlmwem jk ?+ tmqkvcljc ezqmzlk tml{bk,

[ Orczei{ jk cnmyk jm~ mb ~kzbkwkeh `mbelc {wtk~lm trefkljeqclmoefcl wewkf ezqmzleh tmbwegcjc {tmrkbm wc oic`mf cie nmlel{kilmf tmieenmfbktrkwejcgejk lcgemlcilk qci{k, _kz{ic jk oem qewmn rcw elb{wrejwnm` ezqmzc ncmmwlmqc /orczeiwnm` |{bc/ wqk bm b{dle|nk nrezk ez 358?, `mbelk, [n{tlc wmtcwqeh tmbwegcjc oeic jk { 3500, `mbele ;4+) c { 3584, jm~ {qkn ?3)1+ (_mbren

355;, ww, 77;&71?,%, [ wkbcfbkwkef `mbelcfc orczeiwne ezqmz elb{wrejwnehtrmezqmbc rcwcm jk tm 78+ `mbe~ljk,

[ kmrejwnmj iekrc{re (rczqejkleh zkfcijc% lcqkbklk fkrk knmlmfwnktmieenk wfcrcj{ wk mbw{tcljkf mb rde~leh trelgetc e ncm ezqmr /bewmrzejc/ nmjk{fclj{j{ kaencwlmw cimncgejk rkw{rwc, [ wqcrlmwe) fky{ef) le lcjrczqejklejkzkfijk lew{ lct{weik trelgetk zc~ek ficbk elb{wrejk e tmbwegcljc ezqmzc,

[ WCB cbfelewrcgejc zc fcic trkb{zkvc w{oqklgemlewcic jk nrkbek ?1heijcbc trkb{zkvc) c cj ormj jk bm 355?, mbelk tmqkvcl lc ;8 heijcbc trkb{zkvc,Elb{wrejwnc trkb{zkvc wc nctecimf ewtmb 24 feiemlc bmicrc fm`{ bmoee zcjfmqk

wc tmimqelmf rde~lk ncfclk wmtk, [ 3555, `mbele oeim jk 8?3 rczie|eeh ~kfctmrkwneh tmqicwegc { ;4 brdcqc WCB, Trmgklj{jk wk bc jk { 3555, `mbele { WCBbcm tmrkwneh tmqicwegc { ezlmw{ mb 7); fib, bmicrc lc ezqmz mb mnm ?;4fib,bmicrc, Tmqicwegk (tmrkwnm mwimomykljk ezqmzleh trehmbc% bmoejcj{ lk wcfmfcik e lmqk nmftclejk lk`m e f{ielcgemlcilk aerfk (ncm @klkrci Kikgreg)Fegrmwma) Amrb) Fmmrmic) Omkel`% e m lk wcfm zc lmqk trmezqmbk lk`m e zctrmezqmbk mb lcak) c{mfmoeik) e mwlmqlc tmrm~lc bmorc (Whcackbbel ?444, ww,?4&?3,%, Wqcnc cfkre|nc nmrtmrcgejc fmdk bc mwl{jk (aeneql{% aerf{ { elmwrclef/maa whmrk/ zmlcfc trknm nmjeh vk ezqmzee trmezqmbk wc trknm ;4+ cfkre|nm`wcbrdcjc, Trehmbe eh nmftclejc w{ bm 1;+ mwimomykle cfkre|neh tmrkzc, Rcnmezqmzlege fm`{ wqmjk tmrkwnk mocqkzk bc wfcljk zc 34&74+ (ewm) w,?3%,

Lejk) bcnik) lktmzlcm bc e lcjrczqejklejk zkfijk efcj{ lcgemlcilk rczqmjlkwrckèjk e bc {e|{ lc amrfercljk wqmjk treqrkblk wr{n{rk, Tecljk jk) fky{ef)nmje w{ fm`{ve nrekrej{fe zc wfewikl{ wr{n{rl{ tmieen{,

[ tmìcqij{ ?,3, qkv jk tmnczclm bc w{ lkne kikfkle rczqmjlk wrckèjk

wqcnk zkfijk trkbmbrkykle `km`rcawnef tmimdcjkf) wr{n{rmf e rczfk~cjkftrermblm` om`cwqc) wktklmf {roclezcgejk e bkfm`rcawnef |elemgefc, Mqe acnmre


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treie|lm jcwlm trkbmbrky{j{ rczqmj wcmorcvcjlk e klkr`kwnk elarcwr{n{rk)tmijmtreqrkbk e wmgejcile rczqmj, Zcm mqbk tmb nrekrej{fefc wr{n{rlk tmieenkfewiefm lc |elemgk lc mwlmq{ nmjeh wk amrferc wr{n{rc elb{wrejwnk e mwciklktmijmtreqrkblk trmezqmbljk,

Tm nicwe|lmj e lkmnicwe|lmj kmreje) wr{n{rlc tmieenc jk lktmrkolc jkr vktm trelget{ nmftcrceqleh trkblmwe { wqcnmj zkfije bc wk amrferc wr{n{rctrmezqmbljk) ezqmzc e {qmzc nmjc jk { wnicb{ wc wr{n{rmf rcwtmimdeqeh acnmrctrmezqmbljk, Lcrcqlm) mqc kmrejc qcde wcfm cnm w{ ewt{ljklk lknk trktmwcqnk:tkraknlc nmln{rklgejc) nmlwclle trelmwe) j, lktmwmjcljk knmlmfejk moefc eknwkrlk knmlmfejk) c zc aelclwejwnk rclwcngejk e mbw{wqm lknmftiklmwe ecwefkrejk elamrfcgejc, Rk trktmwcqnk w{ bclcw wqk fcljk ewt{ljklk, Zcm e mt~cknmlmfwnc kmrejc e kmrejc wtmijlk r`mqelk rcdk rk~kljc ewteeqcljkf tmwikbegc

lct{~cljc tmjkbelc|leh eie wqeh eh trktmwcqne, Lmqk kmrejk lcwcik tm mfmwlmq{ |kwm flm`m {wtk~lejk mojc~ljcqcj{ amrfercljk trmezqmbleh e ezqmzlm&{qmzleh wr{n{rc zkfcijc { bclc~ljef {wimqefc e bcj{ imè|lc rk~kljc zck|klehncrcnkrewenc tmjkbeleh zkfcijc,

?,7,?,?,3 Elrcelb{wrejwnc r`mqelc e wrck~nc r`mqelwnc tmieenc

Qkv wfm { mbkijn{ m ìmociezcgeje tmnczcie bc wr{n{rc trmezqmbljk {lknef zkfijcfc fmdk bc wk fkljc lkzcqewlm mb wmtwqklk rczqmjlk wrckèjk){nmienm w{ trkb{zkvc tmwfcrclk zkfijk zchqcvklc lk|ejmf tmieenmffky{lcrmblk arc`fklcgejk trmezqmbljk, Bknmftmzegejc trmezqmblm` trmgkwc lc

rcblm&elklzeqlk e br{`k aczk trmezqmbljk { knweilmj elb{wreje Kqrmtwnk {lejkcl`cdmqcic jk trkb{zkvc zkfcijc ewm|lk Kqrmtk lc /bmrcblef tmwimqefc/, Cnm oeqkvelc elb{wrejwneh wknmrc { ef zkfijcfc cnm tmwcic treqkwcn trkb{zkvc ezrczqejkleh zkfcijc) lencnqc lcgemlcilc wrckèjc rczqmjc lk oe oeic fm`{vc,

Fky{ef) fky{lcrmblc arc`fklcgejc trmezqmbljk jk fm`{vc e lcrcqlmtrcqlmj) rcgemlcilmj mwlmqe) tre |kf{ wqe {|kwlege wcfmwcilm bmlmwk wqmjkrczqmjlk mbi{nk, Ncbc jk { Kqrmtwnmj knmlmfwnmj zcjkblege trmgkw elk`rcgejkbmqmijlm mbfcncm tmwcqeic wk beikfc hmvk ie lmqc tmbkic rcbc fky{ zkfijcfc|iclegcfc bc bmqkbk bm zcqcrcljc |ecqeh elb{wrejwneh wknmrc zom` elkr rclwnk

wtkgejciezcgejk { trmezqmblje tmjkbeleh zkfcijc, Rm oe ezczqcim) ocr { mbrkyklmftkremb{) tmqkvcljk lkzctmwiklmwe, Trcne|lm wk m lejk bkweim, Zkfijk Kqrmtwnkzcjkblegk lew{ {~ik { trmgkw fky{`rclwnk wtkgejciezcgejk lk`m { {l{cr`rclwn{(elrc`rclwn{% wtkgejciezcgej{, Mqcj aklmfkl jk zctcdcl e rclejk { wcewe|nefclciezcfc wqkwnk r`mqelk ncbc wk tmnczcim bc wk fky{ tmjkbelef zkfijcfcrczfklj{j{ wnmrm ewe trmezqmbe) lc trefkr) acrfcgk{wnk eie c{mfmoeiwnk elb{wrejk,Wcfm tmbrmolejk clciezk w{ tmnczcik bc wk lk rcbe o{nqcilm m ewef trmezqmbefclk`m m rczie|eef trmezqmbefc eie bkimqefc trmezqmbc ewk `rclk elb{wrejk, Lc cjlc|el wk Kqrmtwnc {lejc wtcwic qkieneh rm~nmqc rkwr{n{rewcljc) c gkm trmgkw jkkncm lc mwlmq{ knmlmfwnk fmeqcgejk, [dc wtkgejciezcgejc jk bmqmbeic bm


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30

nmre~vklc knmlmfejk moefc) c { mnr{dklj{ nmftikfklcrleh bkiclmwe) e bmtmzeeqleh kakncc knwkrlk knmlmfejk, Br{èf rk|efc) lcjqkve bkm elb{wrejwnehbkiclmwe { zkfijcfc Kqrmtwnk {lejk mtwcm jk e tmwik wqcrcljc jkbelwqklm`{l{rc~ljk` rde~c) zchqcij{j{ve bcijmj wtkgejciezcgeje nmjc wk wcwqef bmormmojc~ljcqc { rkcilmwe tmwmjkvef mbw{tcljefc mb trktmwcqne nicwe|lk elkmnicwe|lk kmrejk (nmlwclle rm~nmqe) tmt{lc nmln{rklgejc eb,%,

_cz{flm jk tmwcqee tecljk zc~m { mq{ elrc`rclwn{ wtkgejciezcgej{ lk oefmìe bc wk {nij{|k e trmezqmyc|e ez zkfcijc ezqcl Kqrmtwnk {lejk> tm`mmq{ efcj{ve{ qeb{ bc wk rczie|eef wtmrcz{fefc ezfky{ ljeh e Kqrmtwnk {lejk wqk qe~k wfclj{j{trktrknk zc rczfkl{ elb{wrejwneh trmezqmbc, Rm zlc|e bc e { ljehmqmj tmwmjkvmjelb{wreje efc mwlmqc zc b{oij{ wtkgejciezcgej{ {z nmre~vkljk nctcgekc) wr{|lkrcblk wlc`k) ewn{wqc e mwcieh |elemgc ncm ~m w{ wqmrklc ewrcdeqc|nm&rczqmjlc e

morczmqlc mwlmqc,Wqcnc qrwc rde~lk eftkraknlmwe nmjc jk oeim {zrmn oeim tmwikbegc

elrcelb{wrejwnk rczfklk) tmjkbelef treqrkblef w{ojknefc mokzoky{jkfmlmtmiwn{ tmzegej{) lkn{ qrw{ rklk eie tmwkol{ trk`mqcrc|n{ wlc`{, Qkienkzkfijk) nmjk efcj{ zlc|cjcl ormj cnqeh w{ojkncc) mbrkyklef fkrcfc knmlmfwnktmieenk fm`{ mojkbelee e tmjc|ce { trk`mqcrc|n{ wlc`{) lcfkl{e trkrcwtmbki{nmrewe mb rczfklk nc wkoe okz rkmrzeqleh fkrc mb wrclk br{èh zkfcijc, Br{ efrk|efc) fky{ brdcqcfc lkjkblcnk trk`mqcrc|nk wlc`k mlk jc|k efcj{ rc|{lc bcqmbk cnq{ wrck~n{ r`mqelwn{ tmieen{, Mqm) lcrcqlm) lk qcde zc fcik zkfijk,

?,7,?,?,?, Cìmfkrcgejc e treqrkblc wr{n{rc

Lkewt{ljklmw rkwreneqleh trktmwcqne nicwe|lm` e lkmnicwe|lm` fmbkiclc jm~ lknk lc|elk mojc~ljcqc |eljkleg{ bc wr{n{rc e rczfk~cj trmezqmbljk {tmjkbelc|lef zkfijcfc { flm`mfk mbw{tcj{ mb trkbqeycljc lc mwlmq{rcwtmimdeqmwe acnmrc trmezqmbljk) mblmwlm kmrejk nmftcrceqleh trkblmwe,

Jkblc mb aengejc { mj kmreje jk bc lkfc rclwtmrleh rm~nmqc, Nmienm mbbc jk khle|ne trm`rkw wfcljem rm~nmqk rclwtmrc e trckvk elarcwr{n{rk) {wqcrlmwe jk tmimdcj { wqkwnmj r`mqele) tc e wcf wktkl mqmrklmwe) tmjkbelehtreqrkbc mwcm { qewmnmf wktkl{ mbrkykl `km`rcawnef tmimdcjkf e qewelmf

rclwtmrleh rm~nmqc, Kfterejwnk w{bejk tmncz{j{ oel{ rczien{ fky{ zkfijcfcnmjk efcj{ lktmwrkbcl trew{t tmfmrwnmf rclwtmr{ e mleh nmjk lkfcj{ fmrwnki{nk, Trqc r{tc efc {|k~vk {qmzc { or{m bmfcvkf trmezqmb{ mb ?8+) c br{`cwqk`c 33+, Mwcf mb 3; lcjqkveh ezqmzlenc (lkwermqelwneh trmezqmbc% { wqk{ w{mwrqwnk zkfijk) c le mwcik lew{ mbwk|klk mb fmrc, Rrclwtmrle rm~nmqe w{ bclcwflm`m qkvc trktrknc r`mqele lk`m gcrelk, [ rclwtmrlk rm~nmqk rc|{lcj{ wk erm~nmqe elarcwr{n{rk (nqciek wcmorcvcjlk e nmf{lencgemlk elarcwr{n{rk%, Im~celarcwr{n{rc |ele mnm 24+ rclwtmrleh rm~nmqc { trefmrwnef zkfijcfc) c 14+{ mlef mbwk|klef mb fmrc, [ mqmj br{`mj r{te zkfcijc rclwtmrle rm~nmqe w{ {


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19/21

Zcnij{|cn

35

aerfk we|{ nmln{rklwnk trkblmwe |eje jk ezqmr ezqcl wmtwqklm` trkb{zkvc cie {mnqer{ frkdk trkb{zkvc nmjk |elk `rmzb (ewm) w, 72%,

Ecnm wk flmè `rmzbmqe { rczqejklef zkfijcfc wtmlclm amrfercj{) flmèw{ wk mbrdcie zchqcij{j{ve tmbr~ge brdcqk, Jkblc kfterejwnc clciezc wkbcf elb{wrejc{ WCB e Zctcblmj Kqrmte {okbijeqm jk m e tmnczcic, Lkfc|nc e cfkre|nctrmezqmbljc { acrfcgk{wnmj e tkrmhkfejwnmj elb{wreje mwicljcic wk lc ewrcdeqc|netmklgejci brdcqleh {leqkrzekc, Cfkre|nc acrfcgk{wnc trmezqmbljc wk { qewmnmfwktkl{ mwicljcic lc brdcqlm aelclwerclc ewrcdeqcljc t{kf frkdk lcgemlcilehelwe{c zc zbrcqijk, Trmezqmyc|e tmi{trmqmblenc) rc|{lcrc e wmaqkrc efcie w{tmbr~n{ qmjleh lcocqne e qmjleh trm`rcfc ewrcdeqcljc { WCB (Fmpkru) Lkiwml3555, ww, 714&71?,%, W{bejc jk cnmyk bm~ic bm lciczc bc { wknmrefc wc qewmnefaenwlef rm~nmqefc (zc ewrcdeqcljk e rczqmj% e `bk trmezqmblk e fcrnkel~nk

cneqlmwe {nij{|{j{ knmlmfej{ moefc) trkblmwe zc|klenc tmjkbeleh elb{wrejc tmtrcqei{ tretcbcj{ zkfijcfc `bk wk c trmezqmbljc trqm tmjcqeic ( ewm) w 711, %,

Lcgemlcilk wrckèjk rczqmjc { wewkf{ fcnwefezcgejk oic`mwcljc lc

wqkwnmf leqm{) tm fe~ijklj{ rde~leh a{lbcfklciewc) lew{ tmrkolk, Rm jk qkmfcwtmrlm, Wqkwne fcnwef{f lejk zoer lcgemlcileh fcnwef{fc, Tre fcnwefezcgeje

lknk wqkwnk a{lngejk geijc tmjkbelc|lef zkfijcfc tretcbc tmimdcj nmje fmdk bco{bk ewtmb ljehmqm` tmklgejcilm` imncilm` fcnwef{fc, [ mf wi{|cj{ oe wqkwnetcricfkl e wqkwnc qicbc rkocim bc aelclwejwnef rclwakrefc mok~kk zkfijk nmjkw{ lk~m drqmqcik zcrcb wqkwnm` fcnwef{fc,

[ cnqmf wewkf{ Wroejc oe trmezqmbeic wcfm fcielk c wqk oe br{`m{qmzeic, Cnm ezqmz fcielk lk oe mokzokyeqcm tmrkocl br{~qkle trmezqmb) tmwqkwnef nrekrej{fefc oe wk zcwlmqcik e lknk br{`k trmezqmbljk, Tm~m lkfcwqkwnm` tcricfklc e wqkwnk qicbk) k br{`k trmezqmbljk oe zcwlmqcie wqcrle`mwtmbcre wqkwnk treqrkbk> rclwlcgemlcilc trkb{zkvc e ljehmqk fce|lk brdcqk,

Trmezqmblc wr{n{rc oe wk amrfercic whmblm ljehmqmj wrckèje fky{lcrmblm`rczfk~cjc trmezqmbljk, \cn e ncbc oe k`zkn{mre wqkwneh nrekrej{fc rczfk~cietrmezqmblj{ wrenlm tm nrekrej{fefc rde~lm` a{lbcfklciezfc) cj wewkf lk oea{lngemlewcm, Cnm rde~c rmok e acnmrc trmezqmbljk lk a{lngemle~{ tmt{lm le {lcgemlcilef knmlmfejcfc) jm~ fcljk vk okwtrknmrlm a{lngemlewce lc wqkwnmfleqm{,

Rrde~le a{lbcfklciewe w{ trmeq brdcqlm` {egcjc lc treqrkblk mnmqkwfcrcj{ve bc jk rde~le c{mfcezcf bmqmijcl, Ij{bwnm br{~qm) fky{ef) lk |elewcfm rde~k, [ rczqmj{ br{~qc bkiclmw brdcqk lejk elkrqklgejc wtmijc qkv wcwcqle


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?4

bkm jkblm` wqk{n{tlm` trmgkwc c{mrk`{icgejk wewkfc, M{bc bkiclmw brdcqk {elkrkw{ qkvelk wclmqle~qc lejk lktmdkijlc,

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