godefroy leménager 1, f pisanello 1,2, l martiradonna 3, p spinicelli 1, a fiore 2, j-p hermier 4,...
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Godefroy Leménager1, F Pisanello1,2, L Martiradonna3, P Spinicelli1, A Fiore2, J-P Hermier4, L Manna5, R Cingolani2,3, E Giacobino1, M De Vittorio2,3 and A
Bramati1
1 Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Paris, France.
2 National Nanotechnology Laboratory, Lecce, Italy.3 Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Arnesano (Lecce).4 Groupe d'étude de la Matière Condensée, Versailles, France.5 Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova.
ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Why single photon sources?
Quantum Information
Quantum computation
Polarized single photon sources are usually needed
Several keys distribution algorithms are based on photon polarization, such as BB84 or B92
Bennett and Brassard, Int. Conf. on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, India, December 10–12, 1984, p. 175.
Alice Bob
Quantum error corrections
Quantum cryptography
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Why single emitter florescence for single photon sources?
Laser Attenuated laser
Pulsed Laser
Single emitter florescence
Ec
Ev
Ec-Evhν > Ec-Ev
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Epitaxial or colloidal artificial atoms?
• Higher distance among allowed energy states in conduction and valence bands: intense emission also at room temperature
• Broad tunable emission range• Low costs and versatile synthesis
procedures
BlinkingNot collimated and not polarized emission
ColloidalSPSs [2]
P. Michler et al., Nature 406, 968 (2000).
EpitaxialEpitaxialgrowth SPSsgrowth SPSs
A. Tribu et al., Nano Lett. 8, 4326 (2008).Y. Arakawa et al., Nat. Mat. 5, 887 (2006).
Stranski-Krastanow growth Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor
Deposition (MOCVD) /Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)
efficient electrical injection by p-n doping of the surrounding heterostructure
Expensive techniques requiredRoom-temperature emission from single QD difficult to be achieved due to phonons energy comparable with allowed energy levels distance
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Linear Dipole Moment
Colloidal Nanocrystals Engineering
B. Malher et al., Nature Mat. 7, 659 (2008).
CdS
CdSe
Blinking suppression
CdSe
CdS
Shell
Core
High quantum yieldIncreasing spontaneous emission rate
A. Qualtieri et al., New J. Phys 11, 033025 (2009).
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Antonio Qualtieri et al 2009 New J. Phys. 11 033025
Nanocristals
in the cavity
Nanocristals
not in the cavity
Increasing spontaneous emission rate
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Linear Dipole Moment
Colloidal Nanocrystals Engineering
B. Malher et al., Nature Mat. 7, 659 (2008).
CdS
CdSe
Blinking suppression
CdSe
CdS
Shell
Core
High quantum yieldIncreasing spontaneous emission rate
A. Qualtieri et al., New J. Phys 11, 033025 (2009).
HRTEM Images
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Seeded growth colloidal dot in a rod
200nm
Carbone et al., Nano Letters 7, 2942 (2007).
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
How to characterize a polarized single photon source?
Picoseconds pulsed laser
=404nm
1. Coincidences histogram
2. Delay between photons and laser pulse
Acquisition card
λ/4 plate
pin-holeλ/2 plate
Polarizer
Low density dots-in-rod
sample
APD1
APD2
Beam Splitter 50%-50%
Polarized Hanbury Brown and Twiss interferometer
/2 plateEmission = 595nm
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Luminescence topography
15 000 [photons/s]
0
y
x0 5um
0
5um
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Single photon source ?
F. Pisanello et al., Appl. Phys. Let. 96, 033101 (2010)F. Pisanello et al., Superlattices and Microstructures 47, 165 (2009)
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Photoluminescence intensity
0 5 10 15 20
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
θ=0°
Photoluminescence intensity
θ=90°
0 5 10 15 20
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Properties of the polarized emission
F. Pisanello et al., Appl. Phys. Let. 96, 033101 (2010)
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Focus Dipole like EmitterOmnidirectional Emitter
X. Brokman Phd Thesis UPMC (2004)
Orientation of the Dot in Rod
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Focalised pictureDefocalised picture
Orientation of the Dot in Rod
F. Pisanello et al., Appl. Phys. Let. 96, 033101 (2010)
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Orientation of the Dot in Rod
F. Pisanello et al., Appl. Phys. Let. 96, 033101 (2010)
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Device
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Device
E
E
L Carbone et al. Nano Lett., 2007, 7 (10), pp 2942–2950
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Conclusion The polarization properties of a single, isolated dot in
rod are presented
We show that a single dot in a rod is a polarized single photon source
The degree of polarization of the emission around 80%
F. Pisanello et al., Appl. Phys. Let. 96, 033101 (2010)
We show the possibility to identify the orientation of a single Dot-in-Rod
We propose a strategy to implement the sender site in a device
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Work in progress
Implement the device proposed
Analysis of different lengths of cores and shells
Spectrum measurements
Coherence time measurements
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Thanks to :• Antonio Qualtieri
• Riccardo Messina
• Gianmichele Epifani
• Dr. Giuseppe Patera
• Dr. Giovanni Morello
• Gianvito Caputo
• Dr. Alessandro Massaro
• Dr. Vittorianna Tasco
• Dr. Maria Teresa Todaro
G. Leménager : ROOM TEMPERATURE POLARIZED SINGLE PHOTON SOURCE WITH A COLLOIDAL DOT IN ROD.
PLMCN 10, 12/16 avril 2010 Cuernavaca
Thank you for your attention