Judul buku: detik-detik0);"yangmenentukanPenulis : B.J. HabibiePenerbit : The Habibie Ceter MandiriTanggal terbit: September2006
Sinopsis bukuDetik-Detik yang Menentukan:

Mengingat bahwa buku ini ditulis berdasarkan catatan harian beliau dan komentar berbagai surat kabar nasional pada masa itu maka buku ini seolah-olah merupakan rekaman ulang sebuah realitas politik yang amat mencekam saat itu. Meskipun demikian sisi-sisi kelembutan, di tengah-tengah ketegasan sikapnya, seorang anak bangsa yang bernama B.J. Habibie sangat jelas tergambarkan0);"puladi dalam buku ini. (Hermawan K. Dipojono)

Tokoh yang dengan reformasi berubah0);"dariwakil presiden menjadi presiden dan kemudian meninggalkan kursi kepresidenannya dengan bibir yang tersenyum dan kepala yang tegak. Semua berlaku dengan konstitusional, damai, tanpa setetes darahpun yang tertumpahkan, dan kemudian membuka pintu lebar-lebar untuk para pemimpin penerusnya agar dapat mengisi momentum-momentum yang hadir dengan lebih sukses. (Hidayat Nur Wahid)

Banyak hal yang sangat menarik dari buku B.J. Habibie Detik-Detik yang Menentukan, banyak juga yang menarik dari kepribadian penulisnya, setelah membaca buku itu. Namun demikian tidak meleset jika disimpulkan bahwa: Buku dan penulisnya menyatu dalam kata Demokrasi. Itulah uraian buku ini dan itu pula kunci kepribadian penulisnya yang taat beragama Islam itu. Dengan demikian terbukti bahwa tidak ada pertentangan sedikit pun antara penegakan demokrasi dan pelaksanaan ajaran Islam. (M. Quraish Shihab)

As those move further into the past, the0);"scaleand scope of Habibies achievement seems ever more astounding and surprising. How was it that an administrative technologist with weak political skills and almost no political support could change Indonesia so rapidly, decisively and fundamentally, and in ways that no one could have expected?(Robert.E. Elson)Kesalahfahaman seolah-olah Presiden Habibie menciptakan bom waktu disintegrasi melalui kebijakan desentralisasinya adalah sesuatu yang berangkat dari argumen yang keliru dan tidak berdasar. (Ryaas Rasyid)

Whether one believes in the Great Man or Great Idea concept of leadership, Pak Habibie succeeded, within the shortest time possible, in mobilizing every resource that was available, to launch a new Indonesia. (Bilveer Singh)TWO TREATISES OF GOVERNMENT: AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGINAL, EXTENT, AND END OF CIVIL-GOVERNMENTThis is a Malaysia language translation of the second part of John Locke's "Two Treatises of Government" that outlines a theory of political or civil society based on natural rights and contract theory.MAKALAH TENTANG KERAJAAN: SUATU KARANGAN BERKENAAN BIDANG ASAL & SEBENAR SERTA MATLAMAT KERAJAAN MADANI

Leo Tolstoy

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaFurther readingCraraft, James.Two Shining Souls: Jane Addams, Leo Tolstoy, and the Quest for Global Peace(Lanham: Lexington,2012).179pp.

Trotskys1908tribute to Leo TolstoyPublished by the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI).

The Life of Tolstoy: Later yearsbyAylmer Maude, Dodd, Mead and Company,1911at Google Books

Why We Fail as ChristiansbyRobert Hunter, The Macmillan Company,1919at Wikiquotes

Why we fail as Christiansby Robert Hunter, The Macmillan Company,1919at Google Books

External linksFind more aboutLeo Tolstoyat Wikipedia'ssister projects

Mediafrom Commons

Quotationsfrom Wikiquote

Source textsfrom Wikisource

Audiobooks of TolstoyatLibriVox

Leo Tolstoyat the Internet Book List

Works by Leo TolstoyatProject Gutenberg

Works by Leo TolstoyatInternet Archive

Works by or about Leo Tolstoyin libraries (WorldCatcatalog)

Online project to create open digital version of90volumes of Tolstoy works (readingtolstoy.ru)

DATE/TIME

LOC.Kuala LumpurWITHJacques Santer, former Prime Minister of Luxembourg and former President of the European CommissionTYPELectureAn event organised with ISIS to offer Malaysians an opportunity to listen and discuss with Jacques Santer to get first hand knowledge regarding the political situation in the European Union.ISIS FOCUS REPORT NR.7Also available inDeutschAsia has become the centre of interest because of its growing importance for global peace and stability. The United States, the European Union, and Nato are all trying to increase relations with the region. It is in this context that the Konrad Adenauer Stiftung (KAS) and ISIS Malaysia initiated the first Germany Malaysia Security Forum, on26June2012, in Kuala Lumpur. Read more about it in ISIS Focus Nr.7GERMANY-MALAYSIA SECURITY DIALOGUE

"Tolstoy" and "Tolstoi" redirect here. For other uses, seeTolstoy (disambiguation).

This name usesEastern/Southern Slavic naming customs; thepatronymicisNikolayevichand thefamily nameisTolstoy.Leo Tolstoy

Tolstoy photographed at hisYasnaya Polyanaestate in May1908bySergey Prokudin-Gorsky. The only known color photograph of the writer.

BornLev Nikolayevich Tolstoy
September9,1828
Yasnaya Polyana,Russian Empire

DiedNovember20,1910(aged82)
Astapovo,Russian Empire

OccupationNovelist,short storywriter,playwright,essayist

LanguageRussian, French

NationalityRussian

Period18521910

Notable work(s)War and Peace
Anna Karenina
A Confession

Spouse(s)Sophia Tolstaya

Children14

Signature

CountLev Nikolayevich Tolstoy(Russian:,pronounced[lefHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA_for_Russian"nklavt tlstoj](9/9e/Ru-Lev_Nikolayevich_Tolstoy.ogg"listen);9September[O.S.28August]182820November[O.S.7November]1910), also known asLeo Tolstoy, was a Russian writer who primarily wrotenovelsandshort stories. Later in life, he also wroteplaysandessays. Tolstoy is equally known for his complicated and paradoxical persona and for his extreme moralistic and ascetic views, which he adopted after a moral crisis and spiritual awakening in the1870s, after which he also became noted as amoral thinkerandsocial reformer.His literal interpretation of the ethical teachings ofJesus, centering on theSermon on the Mount, caused him in later life to become a ferventChristian anarchistandanarcho-pacifist. His ideas onnonviolent resistance, expressed in such works asThe Kingdom of God Is Within You, were to have a profound impact on such pivotal twentieth-century figures asMohandas GandhiHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy#cite_note-ResistNotEvil-1"[1]andMartin Luther King, Jr.HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy#cite_note-2"[2]

Contents[hide]1Life anHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy#Life_and_career"d career

1.1Death

2Personal life

3Novels and fictional works

4Religious and political beliefs

5In films

6Bibliography

7See also

8References

9Further reading

10External links

Life and career

Tolstoy at age20,1848Tolstoy was born inYasnaya Polyana, the family estate in theTularegion of Russia. TheTolstoyswere a well-known family of oldRussian nobility. He was the fourth of five children ofCountNikolai Ilyich Tolstoy, a veteran of thePatriotic War of1812, and Countess Mariya Tolstaya (Volkonskaya). Tolstoy's parents died when he was young, so he and his siblings were brought up by relatives. In1844, he began studying law and oriental languages atKazan University. His teachers described him as "both unable and unwilling to learn."3"[3]Tolstoy left university in the middle of his studies, returned to Yasnaya Polyana and then spent much of his time in Moscow andSaint Petersburg. In1851, after running up heavy gambling debts, he went with his older brother to theCaucasusand joined thearmy. It was about this time that he started writing.His conversion from a dissolute and privileged society author to the non-violent and spiritual anarchist of his latter days was brought about by his experience in the army as well as two trips around Europe in1857and186061. Others who followed the same path wereAlexander Herzen,Mikhail BakuninandPeter Kropotkin. During his1857visit, Tolstoy witnessed a public execution in Paris, a traumatic experience that would mark the rest of his life. Writing in a letter to his friendVasily Botkin: "The truth is that the State is a conspiracy designed not only to exploit, but above all to corrupt its citizens ... Henceforth, I shall never serve any government anywhere."4"[4]His European trip in186061shaped both his political and literary development when he metVictor Hugo, whose literary talents Tolstoy praised after reading Hugo's newly-finishedLes Misrables. The similar evocation of battle scenes in Hugo's novel and Tolstoy'sWar and Peaceindicates this influence. Tolstoy's political philosophy was also influenced by a March1861visit to French anarchistPierre-Joseph Proudhon, then living in exile under an assumed name in Brussels. Apart from reviewing Proudhon's forthcoming publication,La Guerre et la Paix(War and Peacein French), whose title Tolstoy would borrow for his masterpiece, the two men discussed education, as Tolstoy wrote in his educational notebooks: "If I recount this conversation with Proudhon, it is to show that, in my personal experience, he was the only man who understood the significance of education and of the printing press in our time."Fired by enthusiasm, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana and founded thirteen schools for his serfs' children, based on the principles Tolstoy described in his1862essay "The School at Yasnaya Polyana".5"[5]Tolstoy's educational experiments were short-lived, partly due to harassment by theTsaristsecret police. However, as a direct forerunner toA. S. Neill'sSummerhill School, the school at Yasnaya Polyana6"[6]can justifiably be claimed the first example of a coherent theory ofdemocratic education.Death

Tolstoy's grave with flowers at Yasnaya Polyana.Tolstoy died in1910, at the age of82. He died ofpneumoniaHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy#cite_note-7"[7]atAstapovotrain station, after falling ill when he left home in the middle of the winter, and in the dead of night. His death came only days after he had finally gathered the nerve to secretly leave home, and to separate from his wife, meanwhile renouncing his aristocratic lifestyle.8"[8]His night-time departure was an apparent attempt to escape unannounced from the jealous tirades of his wife Sonia, who was outspokenly opposed to many of his teachings and who in recent years had grown envious of the attention which it seemed to her, Tolstoy had lavished upon hisTolstoyan"disciples".Just prior to his death his health had been a concern of his family who had been actively engaged in his healthcare on a daily basis. In his last few days before passing he had been speaking and writing of his own death, and in fact he did contract his final illness only a few days afterwards at a train station after approximately a day's rail journey towards the South.9"[9]The station master took Tolstoy to his apartment, where his personal doctors were called to the scene. He was given injections ofmorphineandcamphor.The police tried to limit access to his funeral procession, but thousands of peasants lined the streets at his funeral. Still, some peasants were heard to say that, other than knowing that "some nobleman had died," they knew little else about Tolstoy.[10]Personal life

Tolstoy's wifeSophiaand their daughterAlexandraOn September23,1862, Tolstoy marriedSophia Andreevna Behrs, who was16years his junior and the daughter of a court physician. She was called Sonya, the Russian diminutive of Sofya, by her family and friends.[11]They had thirteen children:[12]Count Sergei Lvovich Tolstoy (July10,1863 December23,1947)

Countess Tatyana Lvovna Tolstaya(October4,1864 September21,1950), wife of Mikhail Sergeevich Sukhotin

Count Ilya Lvovich Tolstoy(May22,1866 December11,1933), writer

Count Lev Lvovich Tolstoy(June1,1869 October18,1945), writer and sculptor

Countess Maria Lvovna Tolstaya (18711906), wife of Nikolai Leonidovich Obolensky

Count Peter Lvovich Tolstoy (18721873), died in infancy

Count Nikolai Lvovich Tolstoy (18741875), died in infancy

Countess Varvara Lvovna Tolstaya (18751875), died in infancy

Count Andrei Lvovich Tolstoy (18771916), served in theRusso-Japanese War

Count Michael Lvovich Tolstoy (18791944)

Count Alexei Lvovich Tolstoy (18811886)

Countess Alexandra Lvovna Tolstaya(July18,1884 September26,1979)

Count Ivan Lvovich Tolstoy (18881895)

The marriage was marked from the outset by sexual passion and emotional insensitivity when Tolstoy, on the eve of their marriage, gave her his diaries detailing his extensive sexual past and the fact that one of the serfs on his estate had borne him a son.[11]Even so, their early married life was ostensibly happy and allowed Tolstoy much freedom to composeWar and PeaceandAnna Kareninawith Sonya acting as his secretary, proof-reader and financial manager.[11]However, their latter life together has been described byA. N. Wilsonas one of the unhappiest in literary history. Tolstoy's relationship with his wife deteriorated as his beliefs became increasingly radical. This saw him seeking to reject his inherited and earned wealth, including the renunciation of the copyrights on his earlier works.The Tolstoy family left Russia in the aftermath of theRussian Revolution, and Leo Tolstoy's descendants today live inSweden,Germany, the United Kingdom, France and the United States. Among them are Swedish singerViktoria Tolstoyand Swedish landowner ChristopherPaus,Herresta.Novels and fictional worksTolstoy is one of the giants of Russian literature; his works include the novelsWar and PeaceandAnna Kareninaandnovellassuch asHadji MuradandThe Death of Ivan Ilyich. His contemporaries paid him lofty tributes.Fyodor Dostoyevskythought him the greatest of all living novelists.Gustave Flaubert, on reading a translation ofWar and Peace, exclaimed, "What an artist and what a psychologist!"Anton Chekhov, who often visited Tolstoy at his country estate, wrote, "When literature possesses a Tolstoy, it is easy and pleasant to be a writer; even when you know you have achieved nothing yourself and are still achieving nothing, this is not as terrible as it might otherwise be, because Tolstoy achieves for everyone. What he does serves to justify all the hopes and aspirations invested in literature."Later critics and novelists continue to bear testament to Tolstoy's art.Virginia Woolfdeclared him the greatest of all novelists.James Joycenoted that, "He is never dull, never stupid, never tired, never pedantic, never theatrical!".Thomas Mannwrote of Tolstoy's seemingly guileless artistry: "Seldom did art work so much like nature". Such sentiments were shared by the likes ofProust,FaulknerandNabokov. The latter heaped superlatives uponThe Death of Ivan IlyichandAnna Karenina; he questioned, however, the reputation ofWar and Peace, and sharply criticizedResurrectionandThe Kreutzer Sonata.Tolstoy's earliest works, theautobiographical novelsChildhood,Boyhood, andYouth(18521856), tell of a rich landowner's son and his slow realization of the chasm between himself and his peasants. Though he later rejected them as sentimental, a great deal of Tolstoy's own life is revealed. They retain their relevance as accounts of the universal story of growing up.Tolstoy served as asecond lieutenantin an artillery regiment during theCrimean War, recounted in hisSevastapol Sketches. His experiences in battle helped stir his subsequentpacifismand gave him material for realistic depiction of the horrors of war in his later work.[13]His fiction consistently attempts to convey realistically the Russian society in which he lived.[14]The Cossacks(1863) describes theCossacklife and people through a story of a Russian aristocrat in love with a Cossack girl.Anna Karenina(1877) tells parallel stories of an adulterous woman trapped by the conventions and falsities of society and of a philosophical landowner (much like Tolstoy), who works alongside the peasants in the fields and seeks to reform their lives. Tolstoy not only drew from his own life experiences but also created characters in his own image, such as Pierre Bezukhov and Prince Andrei inWar and Peace, Levin inAnna Kareninaand to some extent, Prince Nekhlyudov inResurrection.War and Peaceis generally thought to be one of the greatest novels ever written, remarkable for its dramatic breadth and unity. Its vast canvas includes580characters, many historical with others fictional. The story moves from family life to the headquarters ofNapoleon, from the court ofAlexander I of Russiato the battlefields ofAusterlitzandBorodino. Tolstoy's original idea for the novel was to investigate the causes of theDecembrist revolt, to which it refers only in the last chapters, from which can be deduced that Andrei Bolkonski's son will become one of the Decembrists. The novel explores Tolstoy's theory of history, and in particular the insignificance of individuals such as Napoleon and Alexander. Somewhat surprisingly, Tolstoy did not considerWar and Peaceto be a novel (nor did he consider many of the great Russian fictions written at that time to be novels). This view becomes less surprising if one considers that Tolstoy was a novelist of therealistschool who considered the novel to be a framework for the examination of social and political issues in nineteenth-century life.[15]War and Peace(which is to Tolstoy really anepicin prose) therefore did not qualify. Tolstoy thought thatAnna Kareninawas his first true novel.[16]AfterAnna Karenina, Tolstoy concentrated on Christian themes, and his later novels such asThe Death of Ivan Ilyich(1886) andWhat Is to Be Done?develop aradicalanarcho-pacifistChristian philosophy which led to hisexcommunicationfrom theRussian Orthodox Churchin1901.[17]For all the praise showered onAnna KareninaandWar and Peace, Tolstoy rejected the two works later in his life as something not as true of reality.[18]Religious and political beliefs

Tolstoy dressed in peasant clothing byIlya Repin(1901)After readingSchopenhauer'sThe World as Will and Representation, Tolstoy gradually became converted to the ascetic morality upheld in that work as the proper spiritual path for the upper classes: "Do you know what this summer has meant for me? Constant raptures over Schopenhauer and a whole series of spiritual delights which I've never experienced before. ... no student has ever studied so much on his course, and learned so much, as I have this summer"[19]In Chapter VI ofA Confession, Tolstoy quoted the final paragraph of Schopenhauer's work. It explained how the nothingness that results from complete denial of self is only a relative nothingness, and is not to be feared. The novelist was struck by the description of Christian,Buddhist, andHinduascetic renunciation as being the path to holiness. After reading passages such as the following, which abound in Schopenhauer's ethical chapters, the Russian nobleman chose poverty and formal denial of the will:But this very necessity of involuntary suffering (by poor people) for eternal salvation is also expressed by that utterance of the Savior (:24"Matthew19:24): "It is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle, than for a rich man to enter into the kingdom of God." Therefore those who were greatly in earnest about their eternal salvation, chosevoluntary povertywhen fate had denied this to them and they had been born in wealth. ThusBuddhaSakyamuniwas born a prince, but voluntarily took to the mendicant's staff; andFrancis of Assisi, the founder of themendicant orderswho, as a youngster at a ball, where the daughters of all the notabilities were sitting together, was asked: "Now Francis, will you not soon make your choice from these beauties?" and who replied: "I have made a far more beautiful choice!" "Whom?" "La povert(poverty)": whereupon he abandoned every thing shortly afterwards and wandered through the land as a mendicant.[20]In1884, Tolstoy wrote a book called "What I Believe", in which he openly confessed his Christian beliefs. He affirmed his belief inJesus Christ'steachingsand was particularly influenced by theSermon on the Mount, and the injunction toturn the other cheek, which he understood as a "commandment of non-resistance to evil by force" and a doctrine of pacifism and nonviolence. In his workThe Kingdom Of God Is Within You, he explains that he considered mistaken the Church's doctrine because they had made a "perversion" of Christ's teachings. Tolstoy also received letters from Americanquakerswho introduced him to the non-violence writings of Quaker Christians such asGeorge Fox,William PennandJonathan Dymond. Tolstoy believed being a Christian required him to be a pacifist; the consequences of being a pacifist, and the apparently inevitable waging of war by government, are the reason why he is considered a philosophical anarchist.Later, various versions of "Tolstoy's Bible" would be published, indicating the passages Tolstoy most relied on, specifically, the reported words of Jesus himself.[21]

Mohandas K. Gandhiand other residents ofTolstoy Farm, South Africa,1910Tolstoy believed that a true Christian could find lasting happiness by striving for inner self-perfection through following theGreat Commandmentof loving one's neighbor and God rather than looking outward to the Church or state for guidance. His belief in nonresistance (nonviolence) when faced by conflict is another distinct attribute of his philosophy based onChrist's teachings. By directly influencingMahatma Gandhiwith this idea through his workThe Kingdom of God Is Within You(full text of English translationavailable on Wikisource), Tolstoy has had a huge influence on the nonviolent resistance movement to this day. He believed that the aristocracy were a burden on the poor, and that the only solution to how we live together is throughanarchism.[citation needed]He also opposed private property[22]and the institution of marriage and valued the ideals of chastity and sexual abstinence (discussed inFather Sergiusand his preface toThe Kreutzer Sonata), ideals also held by the young Gandhi. Tolstoy's later work derives a passion and verve from the depth of his austere moral views.[23]The sequence of the temptation of Sergius inFather Sergius, for example, is among his later triumphs. Gorky relates how Tolstoy once read this passage before himself and Chekhov and that Tolstoy was moved to tears by the end of the reading. Other later passages of rare power include the crises of self-faced by the protagonists ofThe Death of Ivan IlyichandMaster and Man, where the main character in the former or the reader in the latter is made aware of the foolishness of the protagonists' lives.Tolstoy had a profound influence on the development ofChristian anarchistthought.[24]TheTolstoyanswere a small Christian anarchist group formed by Tolstoy's companion,Vladimir Chertkov(18541936), to spread Tolstoy's religious teachings. PrincePeter Kropotkinwrote of Tolstoy in the article on anarchism in the1911Encyclopdia Britannica:Without naming himself an anarchist, Leo Tolstoy, like his predecessors in the popular religious movements of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries,ick"Chojecki,Denkand many others, took the anarchist position as regards thestateandproperty rights, deducing his conclusions from the general spirit of the teachings of Jesus and from the necessary dictates of reason. With all the might of his talent he made (especially inThe Kingdom of God Is Within You) a powerful criticism of the church, the state and law altogether, and especially of the presentproperty laws. He describes the state as the domination of the wicked ones, supported by brutal force. Robbers, he says, are far less dangerous than a well-organized government. He makes a searching criticism of the prejudices which are current now concerning the benefits conferred upon men by the church, the state and the existing distribution of property, and from the teachings of Jesus he deduces the rule of non-resistance and the absolute condemnation of all wars. His religious arguments are, however, so well combined with arguments borrowed from a dispassionate observation of the present evils, that the anarchist portions of his works appeal to the religious and the non-religious reader alike.[25]

Tolstoy organising famine relief in Samara,1891.During theBoxer Rebellionin China, Tolstoy praised the Boxers. He was harshly critical of the atrocities committed by the Russians, Germans, and other western troops. He accused them of engaging in slaughter when he heard about the lootings, rapes, and murders, in what he saw as Christian brutality. Tolstoy also named the two monarchs most responsible for the atrocities; Nicholas II of Russia and Wilhelm II of Germany.[26]HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy#cite_note-27"[27]Tolstoy also read the works of Chinese thinker and philosopher,Confucius.[28]HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy#cite_note-29"[29]

Film footage of Tolstoy's80th birthday at Yasnaya Polyana. Footage shows his wife Sofya (picking flowers in the garden), daughter Aleksandra (sitting in the carriage in the white blouse), his aide and confidante, V. Chertkov (bald man with the beard and mustache) and students. Filmed byAleksandr Osipovich Drankov,1908.In hundreds of essays over the last twenty years of his life, Tolstoy reiterated the anarchist critique of the state and recommended books byKropotkinandProudhonto his readers, whilst rejecting anarchism's espousal ofviolent revolutionary means. In the1900essay, "On Anarchy", he wrote; "The Anarchists are right in everything; in the negation of the existing order, and in the assertion that, without Authority, there could not be worse violence than that of Authority under existing conditions. They are mistaken only in thinking that Anarchy can be instituted by a revolution. But it will be instituted only by there being more and more people who do not require the protection of governmental power ... There can be only one permanent revolutiona moral one: the regeneration of the inner man." Despite his misgivings aboutanarchist violence, Tolstoy took risks to circulate the prohibited publications ofanarchist thinkers in Russia, and corrected the proofs of Kropotkin's "Words of a Rebel", illegally published in St Petersburg in1906.[30]Tolstoy was enthused by the economic thinking ofHenry George, incorporating it approvingly into later works such asResurrection, the book that played a major factor in his excommunication.[31]In1908, Tolstoy wroteA Letter to a HindooHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Tolstoy#cite_note-32"[32]outlining his belief in non-violence as a means for India to gain independence from British colonial rule. In1909, a copy of the letter fell into the hands of Mohandas Gandhi who was working as a lawyer in South Africa at the time and in the beginnings of becoming an activist. Tolstoy's letter was significant for Gandhi who wrote to the famous writer seeking proof that he was the real author, leading to further correspondence between them.[33]Reading Tolstoy'sThe Kingdom of God Is Within Youalso convinced Gandhi to avoid violence and espousenonviolent resistance, a debt Gandhi acknowledged in his autobiography, calling Tolstoy "the greatest apostle of non-violence that the present age has produced". The correspondence between Tolstoy and Gandhi would only last a year, from October1909until Tolstoy's death in November1910, but led Gandhi to give the name, the Tolstoy Colony, to his secondashramin South Africa.[34]Besides non-violent resistance, the two men shared a common belief in the merits ofvegetarianism, the subject of several of Tolstoy's essays.[35]Tolstoy also became a major supporter of theEsperantomovement. Tolstoy was impressed by the pacifist beliefs of theDoukhoborsand brought their persecution to the attention of the international community, after they burned their weapons in peaceful protest in1895. He aided the Doukhobors in migrating to Canada.[36]In1904, during theRusso-Japanese War, Tolstoy condemned the war and wrote to the Japanese Buddhist priestSoyen Shakuin a failed attempt to make a joint pacifist statement.In filmsA2009film about Tolstoy's final year,The Last Station, based on the novel byJay Parini, was made by directorMichael HoffmanwithChristopher Plummeras Tolstoy andHelen Mirrenas Sofya Tolstoya. Both performers were nominated forOscarsfor their roles. There have been other films about the writer, includingDeparture of a Grand Old Man, made in1912just two years after his death,How Fine, How Fresh the Roses Were(1913), andLeo Tolstoy, directed by and starringSergei Gerasimovin1984.There is also a famous lost film of Tolstoy made a decade before he died. In1901, the American travel lecturerBurton Holmesvisited Yasnaya Polyana withAlbert J. Beveridge, the U.S. senator and historian. As the three men conversed, Holmes filmed Tolstoy with his60-mm movie camera. Afterwards, Beveridge's advisers succeeded in having the film destroyed, fearing that documentary evidence of a meeting with the Russian author might hurt Beveridge's chances of running for the U.S. presidency.[37]BibliographyMain article:Leo Tolstoy bibliographySee alsoRussia portal

Biography portal

Politics portal

Anarchism and religion

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List of peace activists

References^Martin E. Hellman,HYPERLINK "http://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/opinion/Resist_Not.html"Resist Not EvilHYPERLINK "http://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/opinion/Resist_Not.html"inHYPERLINK "http://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/opinion/Resist_Not.html"World Without ViolenceHYPERLINK "http://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/opinion/Resist_Not.html"(Arun Gandhi ed.), M.K. Gandhi Institute,1994, retrieved on December14,2006

^King, Jr., Martin Luther; Clayborne Carson, et al (2005).8C&pg=PA269"The Papers of Martin Luther King, Jr., Volume V: Threshold of a New Decade, January1959 December1960. University of California Press. pp.149,269,248.ISBN0-520-24239-4"0-520-24239-4.

^/08/ads.leotolstoy.pdf""HYPERLINK "http://www.macmillanreaders.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/ads.leotolstoy.pdf"Author Data Sheet, Macmillan ReadersHYPERLINK "http://www.macmillanreaders.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/ads.leotolstoy.pdf"". Macmillan Publishers Limited. Retrieved October22,2010.

^A. N. Wilson,Tolstoy(1988), p.146

^Tolstoy, Lev N.; Leo Wiener, translator and editor (1904).4cQnAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA227"The School at Yasnaya Polyana The Complete Works of Count Tolstoy: Pedagogical Articles. Linen-Measurer, Volume IV. Dana Estes & Company. p.227.

^Wilson, A.N. (2001).8myBUsC&pg=PR19"Tolstoy. Norton, W. W. & Company, Inc. p.xxi.ISBN0-393-32122-3"0-393-32122-3.

^Leo Tolstoy. EJ Simmons 1946 Little, Brown and Company

^The last days of Tolstoy. VG Chertkov.1922. Heinemann

^The Death of Tolstoy

^Tolstaya, S.A.The Diaries of Sophia Tolstoy, Book Sales,1987; Chertkov, V. "The Last Days of Leo Tolstoy,"http://www.linguadex.com/tolstoy/index.html, translated by Benjamin Scher

^-0"a-1"b-2"cSusan Jacoby, "The Wife of the Genius" (April19,1981)The New York Times

^Feuer,Kathryn B.Tolstoy and the Genesis of War and Peace, Cornell University Press,1996,ISBN0-8014-1902-6

^Government is Violence: essays on anarchism and pacifism. Leo Tolstoy 1990 Phoenix Press

^Tolstoy: the making of a novelist. ECrankshaw 1974 Weidenfeld & Nicolson

^Tolstoy and the Development of Realism. G Lukacs.Marxists on Literature: An Anthology, London: Penguin,1977

^Tolstoy and the Novel. J Bayley 1967 Chatto & Windus

^Church and State. L Tolstoy On Life and Essays on Religion,1934

^Women in Tolstoy: the ideal and the eroticR.C. Benson 1973 University of Illinois Press

^Tolstoy's Letter to A.A. Fet, August30,1869

^Schopenhauer,Parerga and Paralipomena, Vol. II, 170

^Orwin, Donna T.The Cambridge Companion to Tolstoy. Cambridge University Press,2002

^I Cannot Be Silent. Leo Tolstoy.Recollections and Essays,1937.

^by editor on September8,2009(September8,2009)./09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/""HYPERLINK "http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/"Sommers, Aaron (2009)HYPERLINK "http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/"'HYPERLINK "http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/"'HYPERLINK "http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/"Why Leo Tolstoy WouldnHYPERLINK "http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/"'HYPERLINK "http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/"t Supersize ItHYPERLINK "http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/"'HYPERLINK "http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/"'HYPERLINK "http://coastlinejournal.com/2009/09/08/why-leo-tolstoy-wouldnt-super-size-it/"". Coastlinejournal.com. Retrieved May16,2010.

^Christoyannopoulos, Alexandre(2009)."HYPERLINK "http://archive.org/details/TheContemporaryRelevanceOfLeoTolstoy"The Contemporary Relevance of Leo TolstoyHYPERLINK "http://archive.org/details/TheContemporaryRelevanceOfLeoTolstoy"'HYPERLINK "http://archive.org/details/TheContemporaryRelevanceOfLeoTolstoy"s Late Political ThoughtHYPERLINK "http://archive.org/details/TheContemporaryRelevanceOfLeoTolstoy"". "Tolstoy articulated his Christian anarchist political thought between1880and1910, yet its continuing relevance should have become fairly self-evident already."

^Kropotkin, Peter(1911).2up"Encyclopdia Britannica Eleventh Edition. p.918. "Anarchism"

^William Henry Chamberlin, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Ohio State University (1960). Michael Karpovich, Dimitri Sergius Von Mohrenschildt, ed.1_iAAAAMAAJ&q=he+praised+the+Chinese+for+their+heroic+patience.+When+he+learned+about+the+"orgy+of+murder,+raping,+and+looting"+committed+by+the+Western+powers+in+quelling+the+Boxer+rebellion,+he+raged+against+the+brutality+of+the+Christians&dq=he+praised+the+Chinese+for+their+heroic+patience.+When+he+learned+about+the+"orgy+of+murder,+raping,+and+looting"+committed+by+the+Western+powers+in+quelling+the+Boxer+rebellion,+he+raged+against+the+brutality+of+the+Christians"The Russian review, Volume19. Blackwell. p.115. Retrieved October31,2010.(Original from the University of Michigan)

^Walter G. Moss (2008).7gC&pg=PA3&dq=tolstoy+boxer+rebellion#v=onepage&q=tolstoy boxer rebellion&f=false"An age of progress?: clashing twentieth-century global forces. Anthem Press. p.3.ISBN1-84331-301-4"1-84331-301-4. Retrieved October31,2010.

^Donna Tussing Orwin (2002).2lErM3VgwC&pg=PA37&dq=tolstoy+boxer+rebellion#v=onepage&q&f=false"The Cambridge companion to Tolstoy. Cambridge University Press. p.37.ISBN0-521-52000-2"0-521-52000-2. Retrieved October31,2010.

^Derk Bodde (1950).Tolstoy and China. Princeton University Press. p.25. Retrieved October31,2010.(Original from the University of Michigan)

^Peter Kropotkin: from prince to rebel. G Woodcock, I Avakumovi.1990.

^Wenzer, Kenneth C. (1997). "Tolstoy's Georgist Spiritual Political Economy (18971910): Anarchism and Land Reform".The American Journal of Economics and Sociology56(4, Oct).JSTOR3487337.

^Parel, Anthony J.(2002),5Gp8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false""HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=kcpDOVk5Gp8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false"Gandhi and TolstoyHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=kcpDOVk5Gp8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false"", in M. P. Mathai, M. S. John, Siby K. Joseph,Meditations on Gandhi: a Ravindra Varma festschrift, New Delhi: Concept, pp.96112, retrieved2012-09-08

^Parel, Anthony J.(2002),5Gp8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false""HYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=kcpDOVk5Gp8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false"Gandhi and TolstoyHYPERLINK "http://books.google.com/books?id=kcpDOVk5Gp8C&lpg=PP1&pg=PA96#v=onepage&q&f=false"", in M. P. Mathai, M. S. John, Siby K. Joseph,Meditations on Gandhi: a Ravindra Varma festschrift, New Delhi: Concept, pp.96112, retrieved2012-09-23

^Tolstoy and Gandhi, men of peace: a biography. MB Green 1983 Basic Books

^Leo Tolstoy,The First Step, Preface to the Russian translation ofHoward WilliamsThe Ethics of Diet,1892.

^Mays, H.G. "Resurrection:Tolstoy and Canada's Doukhobors." The Beaver79.October/November1999:3844

^Wallace, Irving, 'Everybody's Rover Boy', inThe Sunday Gentleman. New York: Simon & Schuster,1965. p.117.

Alexei Maximovich Peshkov(Russian:or; see note1"[1]) (28March186818June1936), primarily known asMaxim (Maksim) Gorky(Russian:), was aRussianandSovietwriter, a founder of theSocialist Realismliterary method and a political activist.2"[2]

Contents[hide]1Life

1.1Early years

1.2Political and literary development

1.3Capri years

1.4Return from exile

1.5Return to Russia: last years

2Depictions and adaptations

3Selected works

3.1Drama

4Sources

5Further reading

6See also

7Notes

8External links

Life[1"edit source|1"editbeta]Early years[2"edit source|2"editbeta]Gorky was born inNizhny Novgorodand became an orphan at the age of eleven. Gorky was brought up by his grandmother.2"[2]In1880, at the age of twelve, he ran away from home. After an attempt at suicide in December1887, he travelled on foot across theRussian Empirefor five years, changing jobs and accumulating impressions used later in his writing.2"[2]As a journalist working for provincial newspapers, he wrote under the pseudonym(Jehudiel Khlamida). The name is suggestive of "cloak-and-dagger" by the similarity to the Greekchlamys, "cloak").3"[3]He began using the pseudonym Gorky (literally "bitter") in1892, while working inTiflisfor the newspaper(The Caucasus).4"[4]The name reflected his simmering anger about life in Russia and a determination to speak the bitter truth. Gorky's first book(Essays and Stories) in1898enjoyed a sensational success and his career as a writer began. Gorky wrote incessantly, viewing literature less as an aesthetic practice (though he worked hard on style and form) than as a moral and political act that could change the world. He described the lives of people in the lowest strata and on the margins of society, revealing their hardships, humiliations, and brutalization, but also their inward spark of humanity.2"[2]Political and literary development[3"edit source|3"editbeta]

Anton Chekhovand Gorky.1900,YaltaGorky's reputation as a unique literary voice from the bottom strata of society and as a fervent advocate of Russia's social, political, and cultural transformation grew. By1899, he was openly associating with the emergingMarxistsocial-democraticmovement which helped make him a celebrity among both the intelligentsia and the growing numbers of "conscious" workers. At the heart of all his work was a belief in the inherent worth and potential of the human person (, 'lichnost'). In his writing, he counterposed individuals, aware of their natural dignity, and inspired by energy and will, with people who succumb to the degrading conditions of life around them. Both his writings and his letters reveal a "restless man" (a frequent self-description) struggling to resolve contradictory feelings of faith and skepticism, love of life and disgust at the vulgarity and pettiness of the human world.He publicly opposed the Tsarist regime and was arrested many times. Gorky befriended many revolutionaries and becameLenin's personal friend after they met in1902. He exposed governmental control of the press (seeMatvei Golovinskiaffair). In1902, Gorky was elected an honorary Academician of Literature, butTsar Nicholas IIordered this annulled. In protest,Anton ChekhovandVladimir Korolenkoleft the Academy.5"[5]

Leo Tolstoywith Gorky inYasnaya Polyana,1900From1900to1905, Gorky's writings became more optimistic. He became more involved in the opposition movement, for which he was again briefly imprisoned in1901. In1904, having severed his relationship with theMoscow Art Theatrein the wake of conflict withVladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko, Gorky returned toNizhny Novgorodto establish a theatre of his own.6"[6]BothConstantin StanislavskiandSavva Morozovprovided financial support for the venture.-7"[7]Stanislavski saw in Gorky's theatre an opportunity to develop the network of provincial theatres that he hoped would reform the art of the stage in Russia, of which he had dreamed since the1890s.-7"[7]He sent some pupils from the Art Theatre Schoolas well asIoasaf Tikhomirov, who ran the schoolto work there.-7"[7]By the autumn, however, after the censor had banned every play that the theatre proposed to stage, Gorky abandoned the project.-7"[7]Now a financially successful author, editor, and playwright, Gorky gave financial support to theRussian Social Democratic Labour Party(RSDLP), as well as supporting liberal appeals to the government for civil rights and social reform. The brutal shooting of workers marching to the Tsar with a petition for reform on9January1905(known as the"HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1905)"Bloody SundayHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1905)""), which set in motion theRevolution of1905, seems to have pushed Gorky more decisively toward radical solutions. He now became closely associated withVladimir LeninandAlexander Bogdanov's'sBolshevikwing of the party, with Bogdanov taking responsibility for the transfer of funds from Gorky toVpered.8"[8]It is not clear whether he ever formally joined and his relations with Lenin and the Bolsheviks would always be rocky. His most influential writings in these years were a series of political plays, most famouslyThe Lower Depths(1902). In1906, the Bolsheviks sent him on a fund-raising trip to the United States, where in theAdirondack MountainsGorky wrote his famous novel of revolutionary conversion and struggle,(Mat,The Mother). His experiences therewhich included a scandal over his traveling with his lover (the actressMaria Andreyeva) rather than his wifedeepened his contempt for the "bourgeois soul" but also his admiration for the boldness of the American spirit. While briefly imprisoned inPeter and Paul Fortressduring the abortive1905Russian Revolution, Gorky wrote the playChildren of the Sun, nominally set during an1862choleraepidemic, but universally understood to relate to present-day events.Capri years[4"edit source|4"editbeta]

In19091911Gorky lived on Capri at villaBehring(burgundy)From1906to1913, Gorky lived on the island ofCapri, partly for health reasons and partly to escape the increasingly repressive atmosphere in Russia.2"[2]He continued to support the work of Russian social-democracy, especially the Bolsheviks and invitedAnatoly Lunacharskyto stay with him on Capri. The two men had worked together onLiteraturny Raspadwhich appeared in1908. It was during this period that Gorky, along with Lunacharsky, Bogdanov andVladimir Bazarovdeveloped the idea of anEncyclopedia of Russian Historyas a socialist version ofDiderot's Encyclopedia. Despite his atheism,9"[9]Gorky was not a materialist.[10]Most controversially, he articulated, along with a few other maverick Bolsheviks, a philosophy he called "God-Building",2"[2]which sought to recapture the power of myth for the revolution and to create a religious atheism that placed collective humanity where God had been and was imbued with passion, wonderment, moral certainty, and the promise of deliverance from evil, suffering, and even death. Though 'God-Building' was suppressed by Lenin, Gorky retained his belief that "culture"the moral and spiritual awareness of the value and potential of the human selfwould be more critical to the revolution's success than political or economic arrangements.Return from exile[5"edit source|5"editbeta]An amnesty granted for the300th anniversary of the Romanov dynastyallowed Gorky to return to Russia in1913, where he continued his social criticism, mentored other writers from the common people, and wrote a series of important cultural memoirs, including the first part of his autobiography.2"[2]On returning to Russia, he wrote that his main impression was that "everyone is so crushed and devoid of God's image." The only solution, he repeatedly declared, was "culture".DuringWorld War I, his apartment inPetrogradwas turned into a Bolshevik staff room, and his politics remained close to the Bolsheviks throughout the revolutionary period of1917. These relations became strained, however, after his newspaperNovaya Zhizn(, "New Life") fell prey to Bolshevik censorship during the ensuing civil war, around which time Gorky published a collection of essays critical of the Bolsheviks calledUntimely Thoughtsin1918. (It would not be re-published in Russia until after the collapse of the Soviet Union.) The essays call Lenin a tyrant for his senseless arrests and repression of free discourse, and an anarchist for his conspiratorial tactics; Gorky compares Lenin to both the Tsar andNechayev.[citation needed]"Lenin and his associates," Gorky wrote, "consider it possible to commit all kinds of crimes ...the abolition of free speech and senseless arrests...." Gorky termed Lenin "a cold-blooded trickster who spares neither the honor nor the life of the proletariat."[11]In1921, he hired a secretary,Moura Budberg, who later became his unofficial wife. In August1921,Nikolay Gumilev, his friend and fellow writer, was arrested by the PetrogradChekafor hismonarchistviews. Gorky hurried to Moscow, obtained an order to release Gumilev from Lenin personally, but upon his return to Petrograd he found out that Gumilev had already been shot. In October, Gorky returned toItalyon health grounds: he hadtuberculosis.Return to Russia: last years[6"edit source|6"editbeta]

Gorky withJoseph Stalinnear the Kremlin in1931

On his definitive return to the Soviet Union in1932, Maxim Gorky received the Ryabushinsky Mansion, designed in1900byFyodor Schechtelfor the Ryabushinsky family. The mansion today houses a museum about Gorky.According toAlexander Solzhenitsyn, Gorky's return to the Soviet Union was motivated by material needs. InSorrento, Gorky found himself without money and without fame. He visited the USSR several times after1929, and in1932Joseph Stalinpersonally invited him to return for good, an offer he accepted. In June1929, Gorky visitedSolovkiand wrote a positive article about thatGulag, which had already gained ill fame in the West.Gorky's return from1946)"Fascist Italywas a major propaganda victory for the Soviets. He was decorated with theOrder of Leninand given a mansion (formerly belonging to the millionaire Ryabushinsky, now the Gorky Museum) in Moscow and adachain the suburbs. One of the central Moscow streets, Tverskaya, was renamed in his honor, as was the city of his birth. The largest fixed-wing aircraft in the world in the mid-1930s, theTupolev ANT-20(photo) was namedMaxim Gorkyin his honor.On11October1931Gorky read his fairy tale "A Girl and Death" to his visitorsJoseph Stalin,Kliment VoroshilovandVyacheslav Molotov, an event that was later depicted by1"Viktor Govorovin hispainting. On that same day Stalin left his autograph on the last page of this work by Gorky: """()"[12]["This piece is stronger thanGoetheHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe's_Faust"'HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe's_Faust"sHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goethe's_Faust"Faust(love defeats death)]". In1933, parting with Moura Budberg, Gorky edited an infamous book about theWhite Sea-Baltic Canal, presented as an example of "successful rehabilitation of the former enemies of proletariat".For other writers, he urged that one obtained realism by extracting the basic idea from reality, but by adding the potential and desirable to it, one added romanticism with deep revolutionary potential.[13]With the increase ofStalinistrepression and especially after the assassination ofSergei Kirovin December1934, Gorky was placed under unannounced house arrest in his house near Moscow.The sudden death of Gorky's son Maxim Peshkov in May1934was followed by the death of Maxim Gorky himself in June1936. Speculation has long surrounded the circumstances of his death. Stalin andMolotovwere among those who carried Gorky's coffin during the funeral. During theBukharintrial in1938(one of the threeMoscow Trials), one of the charges was that Gorky was killed byYagoda'sNKVDagents.[14]In Soviet times, before and after his death, the complexities in Gorky's life and outlook were reduced to an iconic image (echoed in heroic pictures and statues dotting the countryside): Gorky as a great Soviet writer who emerged from the common people, a loyal friend of the Bolsheviks, and the founder of the increasingly canonical "socialist realism".Depictions and adaptations[7"edit source|7"editbeta]The Gorky Trilogyis a series of three feature films:The Childhood of Maxim Gorky,My Apprenticeship, andMy Universities, directed byMark Donskoy, filmed in the Soviet Union, released19381940. The trilogy was adapted from Gorky's autobiography.The GermanmodernistBertolt Brechtbased hisepicplayThe Mother(1932) on Gorky's novel of the same name. Gorky's novel was also adapted for an opera byValery Zhelobinskyin1938. In1912, the Italian composerGiacomo Oreficebased his operaRaddaon the character of Radda fromMakar Chudra.Selected works[8"edit source|8"editbeta]Main article:Maxim Gorky bibliographyMakar Chudra(), short story,1892

Goremyka Pavel, novel,1894(published in English asOrphan Paul[15])

Chelkash(),novelette,1895

Malva, short story,1897

Sketches and Stories, stories, (three volumes)18981899

Creatures That Once Were Men, stories in English translation (1905)

This contained an introduction byG. K. ChestertonHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Gorky#cite_note-16"[16]

Twenty-six Men and a Girl, short story,1899

Foma Gordeyev/The Man Who Was Afraid(), novel,1899

Three of Them(), novel,1900

The Song of the Stormy Petrel(), poem,1901

Song of a Falcon(),short story,1902

The Mother(), novel,1907

The Life of a Useless Man, novel,1907

A Confession(), novel,1908

Okurov City(), novel,1908

The Life of Matvei Kozhemyakin(), novel,1910

Tales of Italy, stories,19111913

My Childhood(), Autobiography Part I,19131914

In the World(), Autobiography Part II,1916

Chaliapin, articles inLetopis,1917[17]

Untimely Thoughts, articles,1918

My Recollections of Tolstoy,1919

My Universities(), Autobiography Part III,1923

Through Russia, stories,1923

The Artamonov Business(), novel,1927

Life of Klim Samgin(), unfinished novel series:

The Bystander, novel,1927

The Magnet, novel,1928

Other Fires, novel,1930

The Specter, novel,1936

Reminiscences of Tolstoy, Chekhov, and Andreyev,19201928

V.I. Lenin(..), reminiscence,19241931

The I.V. Stalin White Sea Baltic Sea Canal,1934(editor-in-chief)

Drama[9"edit source|9"editbeta]The Philistines/The Smug Citizens/The Petty Bourgeois(),1901

The Lower Depths(),1902

Summerfolk(),1904

Children of the Sun(),1905

Barbarians,1905

Enemies,1906

The Last Ones,1908

The ReceptionHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Reception'&action=edit&redlink=1"'/Vstrecha,1910

Queer People/Eccentrics,1910

Vassa Zheleznova,1910

The Zykovs,1913

Counterfeit Money,1913

The Old Man/The Judge/Starik,1915, revised1922,1924

Workaholic Slovotekov,1920

Somov and Others,1930

Yegor Bulychov and Others/Egor Bulychev,1932

Dostigayev and Others,1933

Sources[edit source|editbeta]Banham, Martin, ed.1998.The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.ISBN0-521-43437-8.

Benedetti, Jean.1999.Stanislavski: His Life and Art. Revised edition. Original edition published in1988. London: Methuen.ISBN0-413-52520-1.

Worrall, Nick.1996.The Moscow Art Theatre.Theatre Production Studies ser. London and NY: Routledge.ISBN0-415-05598-9.

Figes, Orlando.1998. "A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution:18911924" Penguin, NY and London.ISBN978-0-14-024364-2

Further reading[edit source|editbeta]The Murder of Maxim Gorky. A Secret Executionby Arkady Vaksberg. Enigma Books: New York,2007.ISBN978-1-929631-62-9

See also[edit source|editbeta]Gorky Parkin Moscow

Znanie Publishers

Maxim Gorky Literature Institute

Sloboda Tuzlafootball club from Bosnia and Herzegovina, originally calledFK Gorkiin honour of Maxim Gorky.

Tupolev ANT-20HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_ANT-20"Maxim GorkySoviet Transport/Propaganda airplanes named after Maxim Gorky.

Notes[edit source|editbeta]^His own pronunciation, according to his autobiographyDetstvo(Childhood), was, but most Russians say, which is therefore found in reference books.

^2-0"a2-1"b2-2"c2-3"d2-4"e2-5"f2-6"g"HYPERLINK "http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/gorki.htm"Maksim GorkiHYPERLINK "http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/gorki.htm"". Kuusankoski City Library, Finland. Retrieved21July2009.

^"HYPERLINK "http://www.librarything.com/author/gorkymaxim"Maxim GorkyHYPERLINK "http://www.librarything.com/author/gorkymaxim"".Library Thing. Retrieved21July2009.

^"HYPERLINK "http://www.referatbank.ru/biography-165.html"::::::,,,..HYPERLINK "http://www.referatbank.ru/biography-165.html""(in Russian).

^Handbook of Russian Literature, Victor Terras, Yale University Press,1990.

^Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenkohad insulted Gorky with his critical assessment of Gorky's new playSummerfolk, which Nemirovich described as shapeless and formless raw material that lacked a plot. DespiteStanislavskiHYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Stanislavski"'HYPERLINK "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Stanislavski"sattempts to persuade him otherwise, in December1904Gorky refused permission for theMATto produce his1"Enemiesand declined "any kind of connection with the Art Theatre." See Benedetti (1999,149150).

^_7-0"a_7-1"b_7-2"c_7-3"dBenedetti (1999,150).

^Biggart, John (1989),Alexander Bogdanov, Left-Bolshevism and the Proletkult19041932, University of East Anglia

^Evgeni Aleksandrovich Dobrenko (2007).Political Economy of Socialist Realism. Yale University Press. p.76.ISBN9780300122800. "Gorky hated religion with all the passion of a former God-builder. Probably no other Russian writer (unless one considers Dem'ian Bednyi a writer) expressed so many angry words about God, religion, and the church. But Gorky's atheism always fed on that same hatred of nature. He wrote about God and about nature in the very same terms."|accessdate=requires|url=(1_errors#accessdate_missing_url"help)

^Tova Yedlin (1999).Maxim Gorky: A Political Biography. Greenwood Publishing Group. p.86.ISBN9780275966058. "Gorky had long rejected all organized religions. Yet he was not a materialist, and thus he could not be satisfied with Marx's ideas on religion. When asked to express his views about religion in a questionnaire sent by the French journal Mercure de France on April15,1907, Gorky replied that he was opposed to the existing religions of Moses, Christ, and Mohammed. He defined religious feeling as an awareness of a harmonious link that joins man to the universe and as an aspiration for synthesis, inherent in every individual."|accessdate=requires|url=(1_errors#accessdate_missing_url"help)

^Harrison E. Salisbury, "Black Night, White Snow," New York,1978, p.540.

^6/stalin.jpg""HYPERLINK "http://www.maximgorkiy.narod.ru/PHOTOS/6/stalin.jpg"Scan of the page fromHYPERLINK "http://www.maximgorkiy.narod.ru/PHOTOS/6/stalin.jpg""HYPERLINK "http://www.maximgorkiy.narod.ru/PHOTOS/6/stalin.jpg"A Girl And DeathHYPERLINK "http://www.maximgorkiy.narod.ru/PHOTOS/6/stalin.jpg""HYPERLINK "http://www.maximgorkiy.narod.ru/PHOTOS/6/stalin.jpg"with autograph by StalinHYPERLINK "http://www.maximgorkiy.narod.ru/PHOTOS/6/stalin.jpg"". Retrieved21July2009.

^R. H. Stacy,Russian Literary Criticismp188ISBN0-8156-0108-5

^/02/the.treason.case.18feb07.pdff4mrvk.pdf"New Orleans Media

^Orphan Paul, Boni and Gaer, NY,1946.

^Creatures That Once Were Men, and other stories, by Maksim Gorky (introduction)at ebooks.adelaide.edu.au

^The manuscript of this work, which Gorky wrote using information supplied by his friendChaliapin, was translated, together with supplementary correspondence of Gorky with Chaliapin and others, in N. Froud and J. Hanley (Eds and translators),Chaliapin: An Autobiography as told to Maxim Gorky(Stein and Day, New York1967) Library of Congress card no.67-25616.

External links[edit source|editbeta]Find more aboutMaxim Gorkyat Wikipedia'ssister projects

Mediafrom Commons

Quotationsfrom Wikiquote

Source textsfrom Wikisource

Maxim Gorky Archiveatmarxists.org

Works by Maxim GorkyatProject Gutenberg

"HYPERLINK "http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc6w4.html"Anton Chekhov: Fragments of RecollectionsHYPERLINK "http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc6w4.html""by Maxim Gorky

Some works of Maxim Gorky in the original Russian

Works by Maxim Gorky(public domain in Canada)

"HYPERLINK "http://www.dailynews.lk/2009/12/26/fea15.asp"Prince of Russian LiteratureHYPERLINK "http://www.dailynews.lk/2009/12/26/fea15.asp""(Sri Lanka)

Works by and about Maxim Gorkyfrom Archive.org

Maxim Gorky in photography

Maxim Gorky in paintings

Buku Islamic Renaissance Front (IRF)

Wacana Pemikiran Reformis

Islam sebagai sebuah sistem kepercayaan yang dinamik terbukti melalui kompleksiti dan cabaran yang dilalui oleh umat Islam di serata dunia ditambah dengan kecenderungan untuk melihat Islam dengan pandangan miopik dan reduksionis, ekoran kejadian9-11dan apa yang kononnya disebut War on Terror- Peperangan Terhadap Kekerasan, yang mana lebih daripada sekadar sebuah perancangan untuk menggambarkan Islam dengan nada negatif bagi menjustifikasikan kompleks industri ketenteraan global yang berterusan.

Menghadapi latar yang keliru inilah yang menyebabkan perjuangan untuk memberi nafas, dinamik dan kekuatan kepada normatif pemikiran dan praksis umat Islam berterusan. Dan konteks ini jugalah yang menggerakkan penulisan artikel-artikel di dalam buku ini.

Wacana Pemikiran Reformis muncul tepat pada masanya dalam bidang persuratan pemikiran kontemporari Muslim, kerana ia menganjurkan keperihatinan masa ini terhadap masyarakat Islam moden yang terperangkap dalam kebuntuan.

Masyarakat Muslim telah terdedah kepada kesan globalisasi, urbanisasi, pendidikan massa dan kemajuan sosio-budaya yang dibawa melalui emansipasi wanita, golongan marhein dan anak muda dikota; tetapi pada masa yang sama mereka tidak mampu memanfaatkan kuasa globalisasi disebabkan proses marjinalisasi ekonomi dan politik. Oleh itu, bagaimanakah umat Islam hari ini dapat maju dan menjadi aktor sepenuhnya masa dalam pentas pembangunan global?

Esei-esei di dalam antologi ini ditulis dengan mempertimbangkan perkara-perkara ini; jelas dan jujur dalam penilaian mereka, dan bertenaga dalam penampilannya.

Ia mengajak kita untuk menilai kembali ide-ide generasi awal para pemikir Islam modernis dan reformis; juga pada masa yang sama mengingatkan kita keperluan untuk membicarakan realiti di mata kita hari ini berkenaan persoalan pluralism, demokrasi, hak-hak wanita dan keperluan untuk meletakkan keperihatinan kita pada waktu ini dan mencari jawapan untuk masa hadapan.

Dr Farish A. Noor
-------------------------------------

Harga: RM50

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Kebebasan bukan nilai yang asing dari Islam. Ia juga bukan merupakan nilai yang khusus bagi sesuatu bangsa. Sebaliknya, kebebasan ialah nilai sejagat yang telah wujud sejak zaman yang tak terhitung jarak panjangnya.

Kebebasan, dalam berbagai bentuk dan tingkat, telah wujud ribuan tahun sebelum Islam, melalui zaman pasang surutnya. Penekanan tentang kebebasan dan pembelaan terhadapnya terdapat dalam ajaran banyak agama dunia sebelum Islam.

Ia terdapat dalam ajaran Konfusius, Hindu, Buddha, Majusi, Yahudi dan Kristian. Islam yang dibawakan Nabi Muhammad datang dengan salah satu misi utamanya untuk menegaskan idea kebebasan. Sasaran utamanya ialah penduduk asal Semenanjung Arab.

Islam memang bukan agama khusus untuk bangsa Arab. Cumanya risalah agama itu mula disebarkan di sana, barangkali khusus kerana situasi masyarakat Arab ketika itu yang telah hilang harga diri mereka kerana merebaknya penindasan.
----------------

Harga: RM4

Sekiranya anda berminat, sila layarihttp://www.facebook.com/InstitutKajianDasaruntuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang buku- buku terbitan IKD & MEGC.Kisah Pembuat Lilin Melawan Matahari Dan Lain- Lain Jenaka Ekonomi- Politik.

Penulis: Frederic Bastiat, Leonard E. Read, Jonathan Swift, Jane Haldimand Marcet

Penterjemah: Al- Mustaqeem Mahmod Radhi, Ammar Gazali, Eekmal Ahmad.

Kita sedang sengsara akibat persaingan yang memusnahkan dari pesaing yang kemampuannya mengeluarkan cahaya jauh mengatasi kita, sehingga keluarannya membanjiri pasaran tempatan dengan harga yang luarbiasa rendah, kala ia muncul, jualan kita terus terhenti, semua pelanggan berpaling kepadanya, dan satu cabang industri Perancis yang mempunyai pecahan tidak terbilang jumlahnya terus kaku tidak bergerak. Pesaing ini, tidak lain tidak bukan adalah matahari, sedang memerangi kita tanpa belas. Kami mengesyaki matahari diapi-apikan untuk menentang kita oleh Albion, khusus kerana matahari mempunyai rasa hormat terhadap pulau yang angkuh itu, rasa hormat yang tidak diberikan terhadap Perancis.

Kami memohon jasa baik tuan- tuan meluluskan akta yang mewajibkan semua tingkap, jendela, jendela langit, bidai luar dan dalam, langsir, lubang hendap, cermin tembus cahaya, pengadang cahaya- ringkasnya, semua bukaan, lubang, celahan, dan rekahan yang biasanya menyebabkan cahaya lolos masuk ke dalam rumah, menjejaskan industri kami yang, kami berbangga untuk nyatakan, telah menyumbang untuk negara ini, negara yang tidak sepatutnya, melainkan jika ia berterima kasih, membiarkan kami sendirian, hari ini dalam menghadapi pesaing yang tidak sepadan.
-FREDIC BASTIAT,Petisyen Pengeluar- pengeluar Lilin-

Kandungan:

1) Petisyen Pembuat Lilin- Frederic Bastiat

2) Dasar Perlindungan, Atau Tiga Ahli Dewan Bandaraya- Frederic Bastiat

3) Saya, Pencil- Leonard E. Read

4) Makan Budak- Jonathan Swift

5) Orang Kaya dan Orang Miskin- Jane Haldimand Marcet

6) Upah- Jane Haldimand Marcet

7) Populasi, Atau Perkahwinan Patty- Jane Haldimand Marcet

8) Perdagangan Asing, Atau Gaun Perkahwinan- Jane Haldimand Marcet

Harga: RM10

Sekiranya anda berminat, sila layarihttp://www.facebook.com/InstitutKajianDasaruntuk mengetahui lebih lanjut tentang buku- buku terbitan IKD & MEGC.Kerohanian & Pencerahan

Buku ini merupakan himpunan artikel terpilih dariwww.jalantelawi.com

Susunan dan suntingan: Adib Zalkapli
oder;sms /calltel +6012-3840415/ +6013-9622882

Urusan secara online & C.O.D (sekitar Kota Bharu sahaja)Kedai Hitam Putih akan bergerak secara mobile. Segala urusan jual beli bagi sekitar Kota Bharu, barangan akan dihantar secara terus (by hand) kepada andaAnda juga boleh datang ke Medan Ilmu, Kota Bharu, Kelantan setiap pagi Jumaat utk membeli barangan kami secara terus.

Bagi yang berada di luar Kota Bharu, Kelantan,barangan yang diorder akan dipos ke alamat andaHarga pos bergantung pada kuantiti & lokasi (s'jung m'sia/sarawak/sabah/luar malaysia)Buku: Reformasi Pendidikan III: Pendidikan Sivik untuk Penyuburan Demokrasi

Penulis: Sri Murniati & Mustaqeem M Radhi

Penerbit: ikd

Harga: RM22

Muka surat:146halaman

Daftar Isi:Pendahuluan

Bab SatuCelik Sivik

Bab DuaCelik sivikkah masyarakat dan anak muda kita?

Bab TigaPendidikan sivik dan kewarganegaraan di Malaysia

Bab EmpatPendidikan sivik dan kewarganegaraan di Jerman

Bab LimaGagasan untuk kurikulum sivik di masa depan: belajar daripada pengalaman Jerman

Lampiran

RujukanBuku: YANG NAKAL-NAKALBuku: YANG NAKAL-NAKAL

Penulis: Usman Awang
Terbitan: FixiRetro
Harga: RM20.00
Muka surat:218halaman.

Sinopsis:
YANG NAKAL-NAKAL menghimpunkn17cerpen dan8sajak oleh Sasterawan Negara Usman Awang

Ia adalah satu sisi Usman Awang yang lain; tulisan dan cerita yang antaranya memperlihatkan beliau pucuk muda, yang mencuba-cuba mengolah bakat menulis dengan bayangan kenakalan yang berlapik.

Tidak ada hal-hal patriotisme seperti yang sedia dimaklumi di sini. Perkara ini sangat cliche ketika membicarakan sosoknya. Tetapi yang ada adalah satu sisi lain nuansa yang dikait ke dalam setiap pemerhatiannya.

Ironi juga, beberapa cerita menyentuh perihal pilihan raya. Semacam ia satu keraian yang perlu diberi perhatian khusus!Buku: Ini Bukan Klise. Himpunan Analisa Terpilih Seorang Aktivis

Penulis: Amin Iskandar

Penerbit: Gerakbudaya

Harga: RM20

Muka surat:211halaman

# Memuatkan rencana penulisan Amin Iskandar yang menampilkan pandangan, kritikan dan cadangan beliau mengenai wajah dan lanskap politik negara ini.Antara isu-isu yang disentuh adalah tentang politik Malaysia, sistem pilihan raya, hala tuju generasi muda, orang Melayu dan agama.Pandangan yang dipaparkan bukan sahaja langsung dari sudut hati penulis sendiri, tetapi juga dari pengalaman peribadi penulis sebagai seorang aktivis pada masa itu.Halaman:188muka surat

Daftar Isi:

PRAKATA Duta Besar Republik Indonesia di Addis AbabaEtiopia#1REGGAE! INDENTITAS DAN MUSIK PEMBEBASAN#2TERBANG KE HABESHA NEGERI SHEBA#3NEGERI PELANGI DAN SHASHEMENE, TANAH UNTUK RASTAMAN#4MENUJU ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY#5HAILE SELASSIE UNIVERSITY#6KEADILAN UNIVERSAL DAN PANDANGAN AFROSENTRIS ZION#7THE LION OF JUDAH#8ASIA-AFRIKA, BOB MARLEY, AFRIKA HALL, DAN LEGECY OF HAILE SELASSIE#9KUMENARI DI NEGERI PELANGI#10LIRIK LAGU NEGERI PELANGIGALERI NEGERI PELANGIBuku: Ibunda
Penulis: Maxim Gorki
Penerjemah: Pramoedya Ananta Toer
Terbitan: kalyanamitra
Harga: RM40
Halaman:513muka surat

Sinopsis:
Ibunda, merupakan sosok perempuan yang hidup di masa Revolusi Demokratik berlangsung di Rusia, sekitar awal abad20. Ia hidup di tengah peluit pabrik yang menjerit-jerit di atas perkampungan buruh yang kumuh. Menikah dengan Michail Wlassow, laki-laki peminum berat, yang berlaku amat kejam terhadapnya. Keadaan berubah ketika suaminya meninggal dan Pawel, anaknya, menjadi aktivis buruh dan terlibat dalam gerakan politik pada waktu itu. Rumah Ibunda dijadikan anaknya pusat membangun kesadaran dan tindakan revolusioner kawan-kawannya. Ditengah situasi itulah kesadaran Ibunda terbuka dan menginsyafi siapa dirinya-yang selama ini pernah ia kenal kecuali ketakutan dan kesengsaraan. Keinsyafan itu membangun cinta kasihnya kepada semua anak-anak muda yang sedang berjuang merentas jalan kebenaran dan akal untuk menerangi dunia dengan sorga baru. Cinta kasih Ibunda menyinari perasaan-perasaan tersulit anak-anak selama menghadapi represi kekuasaan Tsar. Ia dengarkan mereka bicara, ia sediakan makan dan minuman, ia buatkan kaus kaki, sambil ia resapi pengertian majikan dan tuan tanah yang menghisap darah orang kecil dalam spirit religiusnya. Ketika Pewel dan anak-anak itu satu persatu ditangkap bahkan disiksa di depan matanya, Ibunda terjun ke kancah revolusi dengan peranannya sebagai pendistribusi pamphlet ke kalangan buruh dan tani. Kemudian ia dituduh pencuri oleh seorang mata-mata dan kata saat sedang ditangkap polisi militer dengan kekerasan, ia teriakkan bahkan samudera pun tak kan mampu menenggelamkan kebenaran
Kandungan:
Buku: Tun Perak. Pencetus Wawasan Empayar Melaka
Penulis: Muhd Yusof Ibrahim
Penerbit: Tinta
Harga: RM28
Halaman:214mukasurat

Kandungan:
Zaman Remaja
Kepimpinan Awal
Pencetus Wawasan EmpayarBuku: Lim Guan Eng. dari Penjara ke Tampuk Kuasa
Penyusun: Wan Hamidi Hamid
Penerbit: REFSA
Harga: RM15
Halaman:102mukasurat

Kandungan:
Sekapur Sireh
Kata Pengantar
Buku: Pidato Kemerdekaan. Membangun Semula Makna Diri Malaysia.6Ogos2005
Penulis: Anwar Ibrahim
Penerbit: IKD
Harga: RM10
Halaman:21mukasurat
Cabaran Awal
Peluang Saksama dan Perkauman
DAP, Kit Siang dan Guan Eng
Siapa Lim Guan Eng?
Penjara Kajang
Menentang Rasuah
Perjuangan Politik
Pilihan Raya Umum2008
Kemenangan Mengejut
Meneruskan Perjuangan
Foto
- Agenda Intelektual Masa Kini
- Multikulturalisme Barat dan Pencarian Sekularisme Malaysia
- Menembusi Polemik Ali Abdul Raziq
- Ibnu Rushd Muncul Di Zaman Kegelapan Kerajaan Islam Sepanyol
- Ibnu Rushd: Pendahulu Pencerahan?
- Ibnu Rushd, Kant dan Projek Pencerahan Islam
- Pencerahan Bangsa Skot
- Pencerahan & Falsafah dalam Islam
- Kant Dalam Konteks Masyarakat dan Budaya di Malaysia: Apakah Relevannya?
- Kebebasan dan Pluralisme di Malaysia Baru
----------------------
Harga: RM18

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Buku: Memperingati Yusof Rawa
Susunan: Kamarudin Jaffar
Penerbit: IKDAS
Harga: RM20
Halaman:290mukasurat

Kandungan:
Prakata
BAHAGIAN I
BAB1: Biografi dan Pemikiran Politik Haji Yusof Rawa oleh Kamarudin Jaffar
BAB2: Allahyarham Haji Yusof Rawa oleh Dr. Hatta Ramli
BAB3: Haji Yusof Rawa: A Political Assessment by M.G.G. Pillai

BAHAGIAN II
BAB4: Ke Arah Pembebasan Ummah (1983)
BAB5: Menggempur Pemikiran 'Asabiyyah (1984)
BAB6: Bertindak Menentang Kezaliman (1985)
BAB7: Teguhkan Jama'ah Teruskan Jihad (1986)
BAB8: Ke Arah Tajdid Hadhari (1987)
BAB9: Bertekad Membulatkan Jama'ah (1988)
BAB10: Membina Ketahanan Ummah (1989)Index of Previous IssuesBuku: Kesederhanaan Dalam Islam. satu penerangan ringkas dan penanda aras

Penulis: Sheikh Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi
Terjemahan: Mohd Lukman bin Said & Hassan Basri
Penerbit: Kerajaan Negeri P.Penang &IKD
Harga: RM10
Halaman:67mukasurat
Buku: Mazhab-Mazhab Awal & Pembentukan Akidah Sunni
Penulis: Fazlur Rahman
Terjemahan: Khairul Anam Che Mentri
Penerbit: MEGC
Harga: RM10
Halaman:54mukasurat
Buku: IbundaPenulis: Maxim GorkiPenerjemah: Pramoedya Ananta ToerTerbitan: kalyanamitraHarga: RM40Halaman:513muka surat

Sinopsis:Ibunda, merupakan sosok perempuan yang hidup di masa Revolusi Demokratik berlangsung di Rusia, sekitar awal abad20. Ia hidup di tengah peluit pabrik yang menjerit-jerit di atas perkampungan buruh yang kumuh. Menikah dengan Michail Wlassow, laki-laki peminum berat, yang berlaku amat kejam terhadapnya. Keadaan berubah ketika suaminya meninggal dan Pawel, anaknya, menjadi aktivis buruh dan terlibat dalam gerakan politik pada waktu itu. Rumah Ibunda dijadikan anaknya pusat membangun kesadaran dan tindakan revolusioner kawan-kawannya. Ditengah situasi itulah kesadaran Ibunda terbuka dan menginsyafi siapa dirinya-yang selama ini pernah ia kenal kecuali ketakutan dan kesengsaraan. Keinsyafan itu membangun cinta kasihnya kepada semua anak-anak muda yang sedang berjuang merentas jalan kebenaran dan akal untuk menerangi dunia dengan sorga baru. Cinta kasih Ibunda menyinari perasaan-perasaan tersulit anak-anak selama menghadapi represi kekuasaan Tsar. Ia dengarkan mereka bicara, ia sediakan makan dan minuman, ia buatkan kaus kaki, sambil ia resapi pengertian majikan dan tuan tanah yang menghisap darah orang kecil dalam spirit religiusnya. Ketika Pewel dan anak-anak itu satu persatu ditangkap bahkan disiksa di depan matanya, Ibunda terjun ke kancah revolusi dengan peranannya sebagai pendistribusi pamphlet ke kalangan buruh dan tani. Kemudian ia dituduh pencuri oleh seorang mata-mata dan kata saat sedang ditangkap polisi militer dengan kekerasan, ia teriakkan bahkan samudera pun tak kan mampu menenggelamkan kebenaran.MAKLUMAN ORDERORDER BUKU/CD/DVD/ZINE/T-SHIRT.- harga yang tertera pada weblog niTIDAKtermasuk kos - penghantaran.

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kedaihitamputih30@yahoo.com
Kandungan:
Latar Belakang Ringkas Fazlur Rahman
Mazhab-Mazhab Awal dan Pembentukan Akidah Sunni
buku ini merupakan karya Syeikh Dr. Yusuf Al-Qaradhawi "Kalimat fi Al Wasatiyyah Al Islamiyyah"14th issue, summer2013All that is gold does not glitter,
Not all those who wander are lost;
The old that is strong does not wither,
Deep roots are not reached by the frost.
..

- .
- .
- .with
From the ashes a fire shall be woken,
A light from the shadows shall spring;
Renewed shall be blade that was broken,
The crownless again shall be king.

~ J.R.R. Tolkien, The Fellowship of the RingArab education: A Western super-structure with a sub-structure from the dark ages by Habib Abd ar-Rabb Sururi

The role of women as philosophers in the history of Western philosophy by Muhammad Julub al-Farhan

The historical novel: Imitation or overcoming reality on the example of the trilogy of Naguib Mahfouz by Mamduh Farrag an-Nabi

Sudan/South-Sudan-Conference by Hamid Fadlalla

The Arab spring and political Islam by Sadiq Jalal al-Azm Syria

Abd al-Raman al-Kawkib: An enlightenment more than ever important in our dark present by Salam Kawakibi

The Ibn Rushd Fund school magazine competition (pilot project Palestine)

The school magazine competition (Report) by Nabil Bushnaq

Members of the Jury

The four competing school magazines

Al-Ghusn

Al-Fikr al-hurr

Nabd al-ibda'

Nabd al-qalam

Evaluation of the Jury by Fadia Foda

The Ibn Rushd Pize for School Journalism

Fotos
.



.

13th issue, spring2013Dan isteri-isteri itu mempunyai hak yang sama seperti kewajipan yang ditanggung oleh mereka (terhadap suami) dengan cara yang sepatutnya (dan tidak dilarang oleh syarak). (mafhum QS al-Baqarah:228)Rancangan jahat Syiah di:

Iran - BERJAYA
Irak - BERJAYA
Azerbaijan - BERJAYA

Bahrain - GAGAL
Turki - GAGAL

Yaman - Dalam proses
Syria - Dalam proses
Mesir - Dalam proses
Salam17th of Syawal.

May Allah grant all of you happiness and blessing inshaAllah.

Here is a good news for people out there~

The application for Grand Wedding Convest'13is open again. For those who are ready to get married on this upcoming November,
CONVEST'13brings you IIUM Grand Wedding. You can just contact br. Najwan (014-5108158) and Sr. Fatini (013-9240763) to get further information.

The requirements to be abided by are:

a) THE PARTICIPANTS:

1) IIUM Students (1st priority)
2) One of you must be IIUM students (2nd priority)
*priority will be given to those who are graduating this convocation

b) THE PROCEDURE:

1) Send your E-MAIL tothe Person In Charge (PIC) number
2) The PIC will send a FORM to your E-mail
3) Fill in the form and prepare the required document
4) Send the form and attach the scanned document to grandwed.convest13@gmail.com

c) THE FEE RM5,000includes:

1)50wedding cards (each card is for two guests) (2x50cards =100guests)
2) Gifts for:
-For bride and bridegroom
-For guests
5) Catering
6) Bridal throne (Set pelamin)
7) Wedding dress for bride, wedding suit for groom
8)Photo shoot
Malaysia - Akan datang
Indonesia - Akan datang
Singapura - Akan datangIgnition of the self - a Bouazizi-tsunami by Khaled Saifi

What is the difference between a secular state and a civil state? by Habib Abd al-Rabb Sururi

The solution is that the people take over government? by Sobhi Ghandour

Interview with Sami Kilani The symbol of resistance is not the bullet!'by Sami Kilani

State and Revolution by Amr Shobaki

An Arab view of the Tunisian Revolution by Abdallah Tourkmani

The spirit is out of the bottle by Hakam Abdel-Hadi

Utopia Choir - The people demand the life of the square by Faiha Abdulhadi

Hosni Mubarak's speech to the Egyptian people poem by Ahmad Fuad Najm

12th issue, winter2011/2012Secular State and the Problem of Religion: Turkey as Example by Sadiq Jalal al-Azm

Mohamed Abed al-Jabri: Analyzing Cultural Heritage for the Sake of Modernism by Ghassan Ali Osman

Interview with Abdalla an-Naim: It is not Possible to Keep Religion Totally out of our Life and It is not Possible to Repeat Mohameds Prophet State by Abdalla an-Naim

On the Death of great Ayatollah Muhammad Husain Fadlallah - "Religion is to Serve the Human Being" by Stefan Rosiny

Nasr Hamdi Abu Zaid: the Person, the Scholar by Abdalla Al Tawiyya

Al-Andalus, the golden Dream by Georg Bossong

Regression and Progress in Developing Countries (among them the Arab World): Reasons and Consequences by Muhammad Ahmad az-Zoebi

Is it Allowed to Tell Lies about the Truth in Politics by Mohamed Mesbahi

Early Photography in Palesatine by Issam Nassar

The Wall by Hamid Fadlalla

11th issue, winter2010/2011Socialize or Emigrate Arab-Islamic Migrants are part of the Problem of Discrimination and Isolation by Ghassan Ibrahim

The Crisis of Integration Process of Muslims and Arabs in Germany by Hamid Fadlalla

The Command of Tolerance in Democratic Immigration Society - Integration and Leading Culture by Gari Pavkovic

Ibn Rushd, Martin Luther and "Dialogue of Modernity" by Khaled Hroub

Truth and Islamic Law in Ibn Rushds Thought by Ahmad Barqawi

The International Right to Philosophize by Zouhair al-Khouildi

The Trio: Democracy, Liberation and Identity by Subhi Ghandur

The Issue of Reason and Revelation by Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid

Nasr Hamid Abu Zaid: The Text of the Koran Implies More Interpretations than our Limited Understanding Can Think of by Mohamed Amine Souidi

The Problem of NGOs in the Arab World by Abdallah Tourkmani

Death in Arab Culture by Hazem Khairy

Short Story: The Foreigner by Hamid Fadlalla

10th issue, summer2010Methodical Introduction into the Study of Arab-Islamic Thought in the Middle Ages by Muhammad Ahmad az-Zoebi

Why Scientific Thinking has Failed in Modern Arab Thought by Abd ar-Razzaq Id

Progressive Thought in Contemporary Islam A Critical Approach by Christian W. Troll

The Arab Critical Discourse - Between the Heritage Integration and the Horizon of Interpretation by Khalid Slaiki

Igniting the Arab Scientific Revolution by Edgar Choueiri

Secularization of Arab Thought: Towards Dividing Logic and Religion by Sonia Hegasy

Statement by Nabil Bushnaq, Founder and Honorary Chairman of the Ibn Rushd Fund in Commemoration of the Death of al-Mohammed Abed al-Jabri at Haus der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin (30.06.2010) by Nabil Bushnaq

Is Capitalism the End of History? On Occasion of Awarding the Economist Prof. Dr. Samir Amin the Ibn Rushd Prize for Freedom of Thought in Berlin by Kadhim Habib

Edwad Said: Boundless Humanism by Hazim Khairy

Edward Said: The intellectual Cosmopolitan and his multidimensional Character by Abdallah Tourkmani

The East in German Literature of the19th Century The Tragedy of Almansour as Example by Sarjoun Karam

An Appreciation of Heinrich Heines Drama Almansor by Tawfiq Dawani

9th issue, autumn2006Muslims/Arabs and the Crisis of Integration into German Society
by Hamid Fadlalla

The Problem of Migration and the The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership
by Abdallah Turkmani

The Arab World and Technology by Peter Gpfrich

Ralph Ghadban: Tariq Ramadan und die Islamisierung Europas, Verlag Hans Schiler, Berlin2006(Book review) by Hamid Fadlalla

Caricature dispute - Different Values, Integration of Muslims in the Christian Western World? by Hamid Fadlalla

The Animal Kingdom in the Koran by Peter-Anton von Arnim

8th issue, spring2006Guidelines for Rearranging Europe's Relationship to the Neighbouring Islamic Countries ("Diplomats for Peace with the Islamic World") by Jrgen Hellner, Heinz Knobbe, Peter Mende, Freimut Seidel, Arne C. Seifert, Heinz-Dieter Winter

Comments to the Diplomats' Working Paper "Guidelines for Rearranging Europe's Relationship to the Neighbouring Islamic Countries" by Hamid Fadlalla

Call for Papers on Democracy and Parliamentary Elections in the Arab World (Project for Democracy Studies in the Arab World) by Ali al-Kuwari

Mahmud Mohammed Taha, Martyr of an Attempt to Renew Islamic Thought in the Sudan by Taha Ibrahim

View on Arabism by Subhi Ghandur

Personal Freedom by Rabiha az-Zira

Methodological Introduction into the Study of Modern Arabic Social Thought by Muhammad Ahmad az-Zubi

Ibn Rushd's Weltanschauung by Mohamed Mesbahi

Goethe as Leading Figure of a German Islam? Epilogue of Katharina Mommsen's "Goethe und der Islam" by Peter-Anton von Arnim

The Sleepwalkers. Who are they and where are they going? by Khairy Douma

7th issue, autumn2005The Philosophic Dimensions of Political Aggressions in Morocco by Mohamed Mesbahi

The Fundaments of Modernism and Hindrances of Establishing it in the Arab World Today by Abdallah Turkmani

Enlightened Islam between Individualism and Pluralism by Tayyib Tisini

Victims of Torture and the Centre of Victims of Torture in Berlin by Hamid Fadlalla

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum - Heard Evidence by Khairy Douma

Meeting of Cultures by Durgham al-Dabak

Herbst, Herbsttag - Two Poems by Rainer Maria Rilke on Autum translated by Hakam Abdelhadi

6th issue, autumn2004Project for Democracy Studies in the Arab World (Oxford):

Opening Speech by Ali al Kuwari

Despotism: Instruments for Reproducing it and Possible Ways to Confront it by Tawfiq as-Saif

The Religeous Roots of Despotism: Despotism in the Idea of Religeous Guardianship (waliyy al-amr),

Islamic Justice of the Victors (fiqh al-ghalaba) and the Rule of Islamic Scholars (wilayat al-faqih) Today by Ali ad-Dabbagh

Renewal of Despotism in the Arab World: The Future Role of Secucracy by Haidar Ibrahim Haidar

Modern Arab Despotism: The Tunesian Experience as Example by Rafiq Abd as-Salam

The Hidden Side of Despotism and Power in the Nature of Arab Political Rule (Algeria) by Abu Zaid Bumdin

The Sudanese Conflict as Example for the Conflict between State and Culture: A Diploma by Osman Saeed by Hamid Fadlalla

Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and Medicine by Marwan S. Abualrub

This Reality is Terrible: Sonallah Ibrahim's Egypt Between Medial Self-Portrayal and Experienced Everyday Life by Andrea Haist

5th issue, summer2004Averroes (Ibn Rushd) - The Great Muslim Philosopher Who Planned the Seeds of the European Renaissance by Habeeb Salloum

Ibn Rushd : Why succeeded in Europe, failed in Arab Countries by Hakam Abdel-Hadi

Ibn Arabi and the Postmodernity by Mohamed Mesbahi

Self-Criticism by Balkis Hassan

Study of Postcolonial Literature: "Season of Migration to the North" by Khairi Douma

Sahar Khalifa in the German Press - Women against Occupation by Hakam Abdel-Hadi

4th issue, spring2003How to Confront Empire by Arundhati Roy

A Difficult Journey to Palestine by Hakam Abdel-Hadi

Evaluating Arabic Websites and Web Search Engines: Supply of Information in the Field of Media and Culture by Abier Bushnaq

Society for the Promotion of African, Asian and Latin American Literature: Translation Grants for Books by Arab Authors

When Will They Announce the Death of Arabs? A poem by Nizar Qabbani

3rd issue, winter2002Ibn Rushd's Contribution to the Improvement of Arab Women's Right by Dr. George Tamer

Moslems in Secular state: From Civil Rights to Social Commitment by Heiner Bielefeldt

New Secularism in the Arab World By Ghassan F. Abdullah

Criticism of Civilisation in the Arabic Literature of the nineteenth Century: Ahmad Faris ash-Shidyaq by Abier Bushnaq

Mahmoud Darwish on the Occasion of the53rd Anniversary of the Nakba by Mahmoud Darwish

Geographies of the Self: Text and Space in Anton Shammass Arabesques by Christian Szyska

The Liberation of Women is the Liberation of Men by Balkis Hamid Hasan

This is the Colour of my Skin A Poem by Balkis Hamid Hasan

Enough for Me. A Poem by Fadwa Touqan

2nd issue, summer2001Human Rights in the Age of Globalization: An Arab Point of View by Prof. Dr. Mohamed Fayek

Globalization and the Lack of a Common Arab Policy by Muhannad Ibrahim Abu Latifa

Globalization and the Fears of the Arab World by Prof. Dr. Kadhim A. Habib

al-Multaqa ath-Thaqafi al-Arabi in Berlin Presents Itself by Sa'id Alameddine

The Black Englishman on the Nile: With Tajjib Salich's "Season of Migration to the North" by Dr. Hans-Peter Kunisch

Abd ar-Rahman Munif: A View Through His Work by Bashar Humeid

Our Violent Society: A Personal Statement Retold by E. Yaghi

The Sons and Daughters of Liberty by Edna Yaghi

The Other One. A Short Story by Dr. Hamid Fadlalla

1rst issue, summer2001Thoughts on al-Hallaj by Annemarie Schimmel

Abul Alaa' al-Maarri's Doubts by M. Abul Fadl Badran

Al Jazeera Satellite Channel: The Earthquake and its Aftermath by Muftah al-Sherif

Taha Muhammad Ali - A Palestinian Poet from Galilea by Hakam Abdel-Hadi

HIMPUNAN RAKYAT UNTUK SYRIA & TURKI

Esok Jumaat14Jun2013telah diumumkan sebagai Hari Kemarahan Rakyat Syria di seluruh dunia...Benar,kita sesekali tidak pernah melupakan Syria, kita telah masuk sendiri ke zon perang di bumi Syam dan akan terus menyampaikan bantuan kemanusiaan rakyat Malaysia kepada saudara kita di sana.

Namun kita tidak pernah lupa bahawa Misi Bantuan kita dari Malaysia memasuki Aleppo,Idlib dan kawasan konflik di utara Syria harus melalui sempadan Turki khususnya Gaziantep.

Memang bantuan yang diberikan oleh rakyat Malaysia yang pemurah ke Syria masih berterusan...Alhamdulillah. Tapi secara berbanding ia masih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan saiz bantuan kerajaan Turki dan segala agensi kemanusiannya seperti IHH, Deniz Feneri dan sebagainya. Lihat sahaja betapa luasnya kem pelarian Syria di sempadan Turki.

Kita juga tidak pernah lupakan peranan besar Turki dlm Flotilla Mavi Marmara ke Gaza yang telah mengorbankan9orang rakyatnya. Umat Islam juga pasti masih ingat gambar menyayat hati Emine Erdogan dan Ahmet Davutoglu mendakap pelarian Rohingya di Myanmar tidak lama dulu sambil menahan titisan air mata. Pimpinan Turki menjejakkan kaki ke bumi tandus Somalia menyuap mangsa-mangsa kebuluran Ramadhan yang lalu.

Seingat saya, Turki tidak pernah memainkan peranan yang sebegini besar dalam membantu umat Islam seantero dunia sebelum AKP memerintah. Kami berani katakan demikian kerana kami berada di lapangan dan kawasan konflik, sumber kami direct dari sana..(bukan sumber CNN & Co.) , ahli kami ramai yang belajar di sana, seorang exco kami masih tinggal di sana, pasangan exco kami seorang warga Turki, ramai kenalan Turki kami di Malaysia.....Pendek kata, kami yakin Turki yang kuat dan stabil penting untuk membantu umat Islam yang bermasalah...itulah hakikatnya.

Adakah kami menentang hak bersuara protestor dan 'chappuler'di Taksim dan Gezi Park? Tidak- kerana kami juga yakin kepada hak berhimpun dan bersuara. Silakan! Tapi kami juga yakin bahawa pim