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Government Incentives & Green Building Movements in Thailand

ผศ.ดร.อรรจน์ เศรษฐบตุรPh.D. (Texas A&M), MS. (Georgia Tech.), B. ARCH (Chula)

DGNB Certified Consultant สภาอาคารเขียวแห่งเยอรมนี

อาจารย ์คณะสถาปัตยกรรมศาสตร ์จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวทิยาลยั

กรรมการผูจ้ดัการ บรษิทั แอฟรคิสั จาํกดั

รองประธาน สถาบนัอาคารเขยีวไทย

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(Neighboring building) (Neighboring building)

Hypothetical EnclosedSpace Site Boundary

Assessment category “L” as negative impactoutside the boundary

Assessment category “Q” as positive impactinside the boundary

Emission of Air-pollutants,Noise, Heatetc.

ResourceConsumption,Embodied CO2

Emission, etc.

Soil, Water-pollutants etc.

BEE = Q / L

BEE: Building Environmental EfficiencyQ : Building Environmental Quality & Performance

L : Building Environmental Loadings

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Submission mandatory for buildings with floor areas of more than 2000m2

0

50

100

0 50 100

Q(Q

ua

lit y

)A B +

B -

C

Office

School

Retail shopRestaurant

Hall

Hospital

HotelApartment

Factory

L (Load)

S

50

100

0 50 100

C

B+AS

BEE=1.5BEE=3.0

BEE=0.5

Loading

QualityB-

BEE=1.0

(Very sustainable)

(Unsustainable)

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60 BEE=2.0 B-

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PEAK OIL 2010

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www.gas2.orgmost of the world’s poorest nations will be hit first (and likely, hardest) by climate change

Thailand is among countries most affected by water scarcity.http://www.boardwalkcm.com/

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Thailand is one the world’s biggest water

consumers. Ranked no. 7 at 2,223

m3/capita.year

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July 2015

September 2015

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อาคารเขียว

Green Buildings Movement in Thailand

Building Energy Code (1995) Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Green Label Program (TEI) Green Leaf Hotel “Number 5” electrical appliances (EGAT) Energy Labeling Program (DEDE) AFD/GHB soft loan project Thailand Energy Awards New Building Energy Code (2009) Thai Green Building Institute (ASA/EIT) Pollution Control Department (Green Government Building)

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Building Energy Code (1995)

Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV)

Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV)

Lighting Power Density (LPD)

Cooling Efficiency (kW/ton)

Whole Building Energy Calculation (kWh/yr)

It is mandatory for new government buildings.

It is mandatory for new large commercial project.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Ministry of Natural Resource & Envir.

Large residential project (> 4,000 m2)

Large commercial complex (> 10,000 m2)

Wastewater

Garbage

Traffic

Green area

Minimum Energy efficiency (OTTV, RTTV, LPD)

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Green Label

Thai Environment Institute

Not many Building materials

Paint

Water closet

Water Faucet

Etc.

Green Leaf

Thai Tourism Authority

Hotel & Resort

Checklist scheme

“5 leaves” is the highest

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Thailand Energy Award

Ministry of Energy

Large buildings & non-residential

New Bldg.& Retrofitted Bldg.

New Category: Green Building

Number 5 appliances

“EnergyStar” Scheme.

A/C, portable fan, light bulb, refrigerators

Best known for A/C

Insulation and glass

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TEEAM

Thailand Energy & Environmental Assessment Method

Maintained by the Ministry of Energy

LEED-style

Checklist scheme

Gold, Silver, Bronze

รางวัลบ้านประหยัดพลงังานดีเด่น กระทรวงพลงังาน

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AFD/GHB Soft loan

Low-income housing/condo project

High-rise, low-rise, not for single house

Government Housing Bank (GHB)

Roof Insulation (6-inch), high-efficient A/C (11.5 EER), Lighting (60 lumen/watt), glass windows (Tinted glass SC < 0.40)

Not used anymore

ASA GREEN BUILDING AWARD

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10 MEASURESINTENTIONCONTEXT

EARTHTROPICAL DESIGN

COMFORTENERGYWATER

MATERIALSSELF-SUFFICIENCY

FEEDBACK

GREEN GOVERNMENT BUILDING ROADMAP

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• 750 Buildings in 5 years• PCD rating system• Staff Training Program• Technical assistant• Budget• Procurement• Building Upgrade• New Building Control

Roadmap to Green Government Bldgs.

THAILAND GREEN BUILDING INSTITUTEEstablished By

ASA & EIT

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LEED Thai Green Bldg Inst. (TGBI)

1. Building Management

1. Sustainable Site 2. Site & Landscape

2. Water Efficiency 3. Water Conservation

3. Energy & Atmosphere 4. Energy & Atmosphere

4. Materials & Resources 5. Materials & Resources

5. Indoor Environmental Quality 6. Indoor Environmental Quality

6. Innovation 7. Innovation

ECOVILLAGENATIONAL HOUSING AUTHORITY

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NHA ECOVILLAGE

SITE PLANNING & LANDSCAPE 28 points

BUILDING DESIGN 42 points

BUILDING SYSTEMS 15 points

PROJECT MANAGEMENT 10 points

INNOVATION 5 points

TOTAL = 100 points

GROSS FLOOR AREA INCENTIVEFOR GREEN BUILDINGS

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Bangkok City

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Urban Heat Island:

Not enough green areaNot enough water retention

Too many concrete pavementToo many cars

Too many air-conditioners

BANGKOK TEMPERATURES (Year 1840 & Year 2000)

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Urban Heat IslandBangkok V.S. Lopburi

Flood of 2011

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SINGAPORE

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Singapore has 66 m2 of green area per capita.

Bangkok has only 3 m2.

AMONG THE LEAST IN ASIA

W.H.O. recommends10 m2 for healthy city environment.(source: The Economist Intelligence Unit)

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BANGKOK NEW CITY PLANNING CODE

Bangkok immediately needs a lot more of green area

New city planning code: 50% of open space must be green !!!

Development density incentive (5-20% more buildable area) for green buildings.

New City Planning Code: BONUS

1. Affordable housing

2. Urban public space

3. Mass transit Park & Ride

4. Stormwater runoff

5. Green building

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AFFORDABLE HOUSINGLow-income condominium can have 20% more buildable area if

sale price is 20% less than market price

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1

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PUBLIC URBAN SPACEDevelopments that provide public urban space can have more

buildable area. [1:5 area ratio]

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2

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MASS TRANSPORTATIONDevelopments that provide free parking spaces near subway

stations can have more buildable area. [1 parking:30 m2]

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3

RAINWATER RETENTIONDevelopments that provide rainwater retention pond can have 5%

more buildable area. [50 m2 of site area per 1 m3 of water]

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4

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GREEN BUILDINGDevelopments that are certified green can have 5-20% more

buildable area

5% for 1st level

10% for 2nd level

15% for 3rd level

20% for 4th level

And must pass OTTV/RTTV of the Thai Building Energy Code 55

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Green Area

Solar Cell

Indoor Air Quality

Thermal comfort

Energy conservation

Water conservation

Recycle

Wind turbine

Daylight

Trees

Wastewater

Cotton bags

Urban Heat Island

CSR

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3M

Adidas

Air France – KLM

Barclays Plc

Bayer AG

BMW

BP (removed)

Carrefour

Coca-Cola

Colgate Palmolive

Daikin

Daimler AG

Dell

Genzyme

General Electric

Herman-Miller

Hewlett-Packard

Hitachi

HSBC

Intel Corp.

Johnson Controls

McDonald’s

Mitsubishi

Motorola

Nike

Nokia

Panasonic

Pepsi

Puma

SamsungSiam Cement PLCPTTSiemens

Starbucks

Symantec

Tesco

Toshiba

Toyota Motor

Unilever

Vodafone

Volkswagen

Walt Disneys

GREEN BUILDING ASSESSMENT TOOLS

LEED & Energy Star (U.S.A.)

DGNB (Germany)

BREEAM (U.K.)

CASBEE (Japan)

Green Star (Australia)

ESCALE (France)

Green Building Tool (Canada)

LOTUS (Vietnam)

GOBAS (China)

GBCC (Korea)

HKBEAM (Hong Kong)

Green Mark (Singapore)

Green Index (Malaysia)

NHA Ecovillage (Thailand)

PCD (Thailand)

TREES (TGBI Thailand)58

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GREEN BUILDING STANDARDS

Site & Landscape 

Water

Energy

Materials

Indoor Environmental Quality

Community & Culture59

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Interfacefloor Factory: The First LEED Certified Building

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Energy Complex: LEED CS (Platinum Awarded July 2010) 61

Park Venture Hotel: LEED CS (Platinum awarded November 2012) 62

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SATHORN SQUARELEED CS (Gold awarded

April 2013)

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FYI Center LEED CS (Anticipated Gold)

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HSBC Green LibraryLEED NC 2009 (Platinum) Awarded June 2013

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KBank ChaengWattana LEED NC (Platinum anticipated)

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Before and After

KBank ChaengWattana LEED NC (Platinum anticipated)

Thai Health Promotion Office: LEED NC (Anticipated Platinum)68

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Thai Stock Exchange Building: LEED NC 2009 (Gold)

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KBANK Headquarters: Applying for LEED EBOM

Krungsri Bank Headquarters: Applying for LEED EBOM

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Provincial Electricity Authority

กฟอ หนองหญา้ไซ

จ.สุพรรณบุรี กฟก 3

อาคาร 2 ช้ัน ขนาดประมาณ 307.2 ตร.ม.

กฟข นครชยัศรี

จ.นครปฐม กฟก 3

อาคาร 8 ช้ัน ขนาดประมาณ 5,486 ตร.ม.

กฟจ ชลบุรี กฟก 2

อาคารสํานักงาน 4 ช้ัน ขนาดประมาณ 1,293.6 ตร.ม.

กฟจ ปทุมธานี กฟก 1

อาคารสํานักงาน 4 ช้ัน ขนาดประมาณ 742.4 ตร.ม.

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PEA Headquarters: Applying for LEED EBOM

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Phyathai Sriracha Hospital: Applying for LEED EBOM

SCG 3 (LEED CS Platinum)

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SIAM DISCOVERY RENOVATIONLEED Gold (Anticipated)

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PEARL BANGKOK TOWER

Anticipated LEED Gold

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GRAND CANAL SUPER TOWER, 125 flrs, 615 m.LEED PLATINUM ANTICIPATED

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BCA GREENMARKSingapore’s Building Construction Authority

84Millennium Residence GREENMARK (GOLD)

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Exchange Tower: The first Green Mark (existing building) in Thailand

German Sustainable Building Council

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HAFELE DESIGN CENTER PHUKET. First DGNB Gold in Thailand

TREESThai’s Rating for Energy & Environmental Sustainability

THAILAND GREEN BUILDING INSTITUTEASA & EIT

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897-11 TARA PARK, BANGKOK.The First TREES Platinum in Thailand

TOYOTA THAIYEN, PAKCHONG.the First TREES certified in Thailand

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IDEO MOBI SATHORN; the First Condominium to Achieve

TREES Certificate

The CIRCLE; Going for the First Condominium to Achieve

TREES Certificate

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PANYAPIWAT INSTITUTECP ALLTREES Gold

TREESThai’s Rating for Energy & Environmental Sustainability

THAILAND GREEN BUILDING INSTITUTEASA & EIT

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TREES PRE-NC SCORECARD

GREEN BUILDING & F.A.R. BONUS

TREES PRE-NEW CONSTRUCTION

Total = 62 points1st level = 22 – 27 points (FAR bonus = 5%)

2nd level = 28 – 32 points (FAR bonus = 10%)

3rd level = 33 – 44 points (FAR bonus = 15%)

4th level = 45 – 62 points (FAR bonus = 20%)

And must pass OTTV/RTTV of the Thai Building Energy Code96

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0 points 1. Building management

prerequisite BM P1 Preparation of project team for green building [TREE-A is required]

16 points 2. Site and Landscape

prerequisite SL P1 Site Selectionprerequisite SL P2 Reduce im pact on ecological diversity

1 SL 1 Development on developed land4 SL 2 Alternative Transportation1 SL 3.1 Sustainable site development : Ecological open space 1 SL 3.2 Sustainable site development : Promote Planting1 SL 3.3 Sustainable site development : Local vegetation4 SL 4 Storm water management2 SL 5.1 Heat Island Effect : Green roof or green wall1 SL 5.2 Heat Island Effect : Hardscape1 SL 5.3 Heat Island Effect : Plants for efficient shading

Building Management & Site and Landscape

6 points 3. Water Conservation

2 WC 1.1 15% Water Saving OR Use water saving closet2 WC 1.2 25% Water Saving OR Use water saving faucet2 WC 1.3 35% Water Saving OR Water meter installation OR Rain water harvesting

19 points 4. Energy and Atmosphere [minimum 8 points required]

prerequisite EA P2 Minimum Energy Performance16 EA 1 Energy Performance2 EA 2 Renewable Energy1 EA 4 Green Refrigerant

Water Conservation & Energy Efficiency

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13 points 5. Indoor Environment [minimum 5 points required]

prerequisite IE P1 Minimum ventilationprerequisite IE P2 Minimum illuminance level

1 IE 1.1 Pollutant Control : Air intake location1 IE 1.2 Pollutant Control : Negative pressure1 IE 1.3 Pollutant Control : External Pollutant Source Control1 IE 1.4 Pollutant Control : ETC Control1 IE1.5 Pollutant Control : Filtration Media with Minimum Efficiency1 IE 3 Circuit seperation4 IE 4 Daylight 3 IE 5 Comfort

Indoor Environment

3 points 6. Environmental Protection [minimum 1 points required]

prerequisite EP P2 Waste management1 EP 2 CDU location1 EP 3 Exterior Glazing Reflectivity 1 EP 5 Electric meter on Water recycle system

5 points 7. Green Innovation

1 GI 1 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 GI 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 GI 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 GI 4 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….1 GI 5 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

62 points Total points

22-27 points = Level 1, 28-32 points = Level 2, 33-44 points = Level 3, above 45 points = Level 4

Environmental Protection & Green Innovation

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PROCESS

Building owner contacts TGBI for application for TREES – PRE NC.

TGBI reviews design document (30 days) and approves or disapproves the design.

Owner brings approval letter form TGBI to apply for F.A.R. Bonus and then building permit.

TGBI visits construction site to check for compliances.

TGBI reports to local government if construction should be continued.

TGBI visits finished building and send report to local government if the building needs to be fixed before opening.

Construction cost increase 5-15%Rental increase 15%

Energy Saving 25-30%Water Saving 30-40%

Comfort, worker productivity and good image

Source: Punwadee Mongkolcharoen Thesis in Architecture. Chulalongkorn University

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Cost increase 32 % Cost increase 35 %

Small LEED Platinum Buildings

คาํถาม F.A.R. Bonus และอาคารเขียว

คา่เชา่จะเพิม่ขึน้หรอืไม ่หากเป็นอาคารเขยีว ?

ถา้เพิม่ จะเพิม่กีเ่ปอรเ์ซนต ์? 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% ?

ถา้เพิม่ จะเพิม่ตามระดบัความเขยีวหรอืไม ่?

ถา้เพิม่ แสดงวา่คนซือ้-เชา่ไดป้ระโยชน์ จรงิหรอืไม ่? กลไกอะไร ?

คนซือ้-เชา่ ตอ้งไดอ้ะไรตอบแทน เชน่ประหยดัไฟ น้ํา คุณภาพอากาศดขีึน้ หรอืภาพพจน์ดขีึน้ จงึจะยอมจา่ยแพงขึน้

แต่…ถา้ได ้F.A.R. เพิม่ ราคาขาย-เชา่ ควรถูกลงเพราะไดพ้ืน้ทีข่าย-เชา่มากขึน้ จรงิหรอืไม่ ?

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จบการนาํเสนอ

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THANK YOU

ผศ.ดร.อรรจน์ เศรษฐบตุร (atch.s@chula.ac.th)

รางวลัผลงานวจิยัดเียีย่ม สภาวจิยัแหง่ชาต ิปี 2547

รางวลัผลงานวจิยัดเีดน่ ARCC, USA 2547

รางวลัชนะเลศิออกแบบบา้นประหยดัพลงังาน สนพ. 2548

รางวลั LEED Platinum อาคาร Park Ventures Ecoplex 2555

รางวลั LEED Platinum อาคาร HSBC GREEN LIBRARY 2556

รางวลั Thailand Energy Award และ ASEAN Energy Award อาคาร Park Ventures 2556

รางวลั Thailand Energy Award และ ASEAN Energy Award อาคาร KBANK 2554

ออกแบบบา้นตน้แบบประหยดัพลงังานใหก้ระทรวงพลงังาน และกทม.

ออกแบบบา้น Low-Carbon องคก์ารจดัการก๊าซเรอืนกระจก

วจิยัมาตรฐานอาคารประหยดัพลงังาน กระทรวงพลงังาน

วจิยัอาคารประหยดัพลงังานใหอ้งคก์รนานาชาต ิเชน่ AFD, UNEP, GIZ

พฒันาเกณฑอ์าคารเขยีวทีใ่ชใ้นประเทศ TEEAM, TREES, PCD, DGNB, ECOVILLAGE

ทีป่รกึษาการออกแบบและประเมนิอาคารเขยีวในประเทศไทย ENCO, KBANK, Park Ventures, สสส., HSBC, CP, EGAT, PEA, อืน่ ๆ

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