gpeni and resilinets...ittcgpeni and resilinets:sterbenz, et al. international collaboration in...

Sterbenz, et al.ITTCGpENI and ResiliNets:International Collaboration in

GENI, FIND, and FIRE

22 July 2009

James P.G. Sterbenz*†제임스스터벤츠 司徒傑莫

David Hutchison†, Bernhard Plattner‡

Deep Medhi1, Byrav Ramamurthy2, Caterina Scoglio3*EECS and ITTC, The University of Kansas

†Computing Department, Infolab 21, Lancaster University, UK‡ Communication Systems Group, ETH Zürich, Switzerland

1CSEE, University of Missouri – Kansas City2CSE, University of Nebraska – Lincoln

3ECE, Kansas State University – [email protected]

http://www.ittc.ku.edu/~jpgshttp://wiki.ittc.ku.edu/resilinets

© 2009 Sterbenz

22 July 2009 GpENI and ResiliNets 2

Sterbenz, et al.ITTC

Where is Kansas?Geography Lesson

Denver

Seattle

Portland

Salt Lake City

Las Vegas

Los Angeles

PhoenixSan Diego

St Louis

Minneapolis

Kansas City

Houston

Dallas

New Orleans

Cleveland

Boston

New York

Miami

DetroitChicago

Milwaukee

Philadelphia

Atlanta

San Francisco Washington DC

KANSASKU – Lawrence



ResiliNets and GpENIOutline

• ResiliNets research projects very brief summaries– PoMo (NSF FIND)– ResumeNet (EU FIRE)– ANTP (US DOD)– WDTN (Sprint)

• GpENI infrastructure



Resilient Networks Motivation: Reliance

• Increasing reliance on network infrastructure– consumers– commerce & financial– government and military

⇒ Increasingly severe consequences of disruption⇒ Increasing attractiveness as target from bad guys



Resilient Networks Motivation: Consequences

• Increasing reliance on network infrastructure⇒ Increasingly severe consequences of disruption

– threat to life and quality of life– threat to financial health economic stability– threat to national and global security

⇒ Increasing attractiveness as target from bad guys



Resilient Networks Motivation: Attractiveness

• Increasing reliance on network infrastructure⇒ Increasingly severe consequences of disruption⇒ Increasing attractiveness as target from bad guys

– recreational and professional crackers– industrial espionage and sabotage– terrorists and information warfare



ResiliNets and GpENIPostmodern Internet Architecture

• ResiliNets research projects– PoMo (NSF FIND)– ResumeNet (EU FIRE)– ANTP (US DOD)– WDTN (Sprint)




Postmodern Internet Overview

• PoMo Principles– new internetworking layer– strict separation of concerns– heterogeneous realms :

• mechanism• policy• trust



Postmodern Internet Architecture Header

• Forwarding directive (FD): where UK• Motivation: why• Accountability: who UMd• Knobs: how KU

– advice to network layer (and below) from above

• Dials: what– instrumentation from realms and inter-realm paths

knobsaccountabilitymotivationforwardingdirective dials

payload



Postmodern E2E Communication Example Scenario

backboneprovider2

backboneprovider1 wireless

access net

opticalaccess net

opticalaccess net

wirelessaccess net

• Realm path choices explicitly available to end user– spreading (e.g. erasure coding) or hot standby– service tradeoffs: optical when available, fail-over to wireless– cheapest path under dynamic pricing



ResiliNets and GpENIPostmodern Internet Architecture





Resilient NetworksResumeNet

• ResumeNet (EU FP7 FIRE)Resilience and Survivability for Future Networking – Lancaster University– The University of Kansas – ETH Zürich– Techniche Universität München (TUM)– Techniche Universiteit Delft– Université de Liège (ULg)– Universität Passau– Uppsala Universitet (UU)– NEC Labs Heidelberg– France Telecom – Orange Laboratories



Resilient NetworksResilience Definition

• Resilience– provide and maintain acceptable service– in the face of faults and challenges to normal operation

• Challenges– faults– unintentional misconfiguration or operational mistakes– large scale natural disasters– malicious attacks from intelligent adversaries– environmental challenges– unusual but legitimate traffic– service failure at a lower level



Scope of Resilience Relationship to Other Disciplines

TrustworthinessRobustnessComplexity

Security nonrepudiabilityconfidentiality

availability integrity

AAA

authenticity

authorisabilityauditability

Dependability

reliability maintainability safety

Performability

QoS measures

Challenge Tolerance

Traffic Tolerance

legitimate flash crowd

attack DDoS

Disruption Tolerance

energy

connectivity

delay mobility

environmental

Survivability

Fault Tolerance(few ∧ random)

many ∨ targetted failures



Resilient NetworksResiliNets Architectural Model

• ResiliNets Cube– multilevel

• protocol layers• planes• engineering

• D2R2+DR strategy– defend– detect– remediate– recover– diagnose– refine

Def

end

Det

ect

Rem

edia

teR

ecov

er

physical

dataplanearc

hitec

ture &

engin

eerin

g

ARQ

EC APR

controlplane

fault tolerantnetworkelements

survivable topology

adaptive applications & overlays

FEC

ARQ FEC

management plane

MAC

HBH link

network

E2E

session

application

cross-layer composableprogrammable & autonomic

redundant & diversecontext-aware & adaptive

mechanisms

disruptiontolerant

transport

D2R2+DRresilience strategy

Diag

nose

Refin

e

CDMA TDMA

UWB QAM



ResiliNets StrategyD2R2 + DR

• Real time control loop: D2R2– defend

• passive• active

– detect– remediate– recover

• Background loop: DR– diagnose– refine Refine

Diagnose

Rem

ediat

e

Detect

Recover

Defe

nd



ResiliNets PrinciplesHigh Level Grouping

• Prerequisites: to understand and define resilience• Tradeoffs: recognise and organise complexity• Enablers: architecture and mechanisms for resilience• Behaviour: require significant complexity to operate

prerequisites tradeoffs enablers behaviour

servicerequirements

normal behaviour

threat and challenge models

metrics

heterogeneity

resourcetradeoffs

statemanagement

complexity

redundancy

diversity

context awareness

self-protection

translucency

multilevel

self-organisingand autonomic

adaptable

evolvable

connectivity

Resilience



Resilience Metrics State SpaceResilience Trajectories

NormalOperation

PartiallyDegraded

SeverelyDegraded

Acceptable

Impaired

Unacceptable

Operational State N

Ser

vice

Par

amet

ers

P

S

• Serviceresilience– acceptable

service– in the face of

degraded operation

• Resilience state– remains in

acceptable service

S



ResiliNets and GpENIAirborne Networking





Airborne Telemetry NetworkingScenario and Environment

• Very high relative velocity– Mach 7 ≈ 10 s contact– dynamic topology

• Communication channel– limited spectrum– asymmetric links

• data down omni• C&C up directional

• Multihop– among TAs– through relay nodes

GSGS

RN

TATA

TAs

Internet

GWGW

TA – test articleRN – relay node

GS – ground stationGW – gateway



Airborne Network Protocol SuiteProtocol Stack and Interoperability

TmNS

GW TA

iNET MAC

iNET PHY

AeroTP

AeroNP

iNET MAC

iNET PHY

AeroN|RP

iNET MAC

iNET PHY

AeroTP

AeroNP

link/MAC

PHY

TCP

IP

link/MAC

PHY

TCP

IP

RN or TA

TA peripherals

HMI appsgNET

• AeroTP: TCP-friendly transport• AeroNP: IP-compatible forwarding• AeroRP: routing



ResiliNets and GpENIWeather Disruption-Tolerant Networking





Millimeter-Wave Mesh Networks Architecture

• Mesh architecture– high degree of connectivity– alternate diverse paths

• severely attenuated mm wave• alternate mm links• alternate lower-freq. RF• fiber bypass (competitor)

• Proposed solution– route around failures

• before they occur

– avoid high error links

802.163–4G

CO/POP



SimulationsObserved Storm in Northeast Kansas

• Millimeter-wave grid location– 38.8621N, 95.3793W

• Storm observed at: – 20:39:26Z 30 Sep 2008



ResiliNets and GpENIGpENI





GpENIOverview

• GpENI [dʒɛ’pi ni] Great Plains Environment for Network Innovation

• Regional network part of GENI Cluster B– exploiting new fiber infrastructure in KS, MO, and NE

KSUKU

UMKC

UNL

MOREnetKanREN

GPN



GpENIProject Goals

• Collaborative research infrastructure in Great Plains• Infrastructure to support our own research

– NSF FIND PoMo– EU FIRE ResumeNet

• Flexible infrastructure to support GENI program • Open environment for network research community



GpENIParticipants: Universities1

• KU: The University of Kansas– James P.G. Sterbenz (lead PI),

Joseph B Evans (co-I), Rick McMullen (co-I),Ronqing Hui, Gary Minden

• KSU: Kansas State University– Caterina Scoglio (PI), Don Gruenbacher (co-PI),

Tricha Anjali

• UMKC: University of Missouri – Kansas City– Deep Medhi (PI), Baek-Young Choi (co-I)

Cory Beard, Khosrow Sohraby, Jim Schonemann

• UNL: University of Nebraska – Lincoln– Byrav Ramamurthy (PI)



GpENIParticipants: Universities2

• Lancaster University (UK)– David Hutchison, Andrew Scott (co-Is),

• ETH Zürich (Switzerland)– Bernhard Plattner (co-I)



GpENIParticipants: Research Networks

• GPN: Great Plains Network (consortium)– Greg Monaco (PI)

• KanREN: Kansas Research and Education Network– Cort Buffington (PI)

• MOREnet: Missouri Research and Education Network– Hank Niederhelm

• JANET• SWITCH• GÉANT2 / DANTE• NORDUnet



GpENIParticipants: Industry

• Ciena– Jeff Verrant (PI), Jim Archuleta (co-I)

• Qwest



GpENINode Cluster

• GpENI cluster• 5–10 PCs

– GpENI mgt.– L4: PlanetLab– L3: prog. routers

• GbE switch– arbitrary interconnection– VLAN connectivity to GENI– SNMP cluster monitoring

• Ciena optical switch– L1 GpENI interconnection

Ciena optical

GpENImanagement& control

Campus net

GpENI optical backboneto Internet2 and KC SPPthen to Mid-Atlantic Net

Internet

GbEnetGENIVLANs

PlanetLab GENIwrap

control framework

prog. routersVINI,

XORP, click,…

� �site specificKUAR,

sensor, …



GpENI Physical Topology and Network Infrastructure

KSU – KS KU – KS

UMKC – MO

UNL – NE

GpENI CienaCoreDirector

GpENI CienaCN4200

CCD FlarsheimHall

AveryHall

C-bandn λs

KU/Qwestfiber

NicholsHall

RathboneHall

GpENI nodecluster

WTC fiber

KU/Qwestfiber

SFBB fiberEllsworth

HallPowerPlant

QwestPOP

KC MO

KU/Qwestfiber

Internet2POP

KC MO

MOREnetfiber Newcomb

Hall

Ethernet

ScottCenter

UNL (L3)fiber

splicepatch

CC

to Smith Ctr. KS (eventual link to CO)

dark fiber

2 λs

4 λs

C-bandn λs

C42

GpENI

CCD

GpENI

C42

GpENI

C42

GpENI

C42

GpENI

• Physical topology (phase 3)– multiwavelength optical backbone

• current or imminent deployment

– 4 universities in 3 states• 1 switch/year with current funding

new nodes



GpENI Layer 2 Connectivity (mid phase 1)



KSUKU UMKC

UNL

GpENIGPN Proposed Expansion

DSU

USD

SDSMT

UMCIU

Europe

Asia

• Regional US GpENI partners– South Dakota: 3 universities– Missouri: 1 university– GMOC at Indiana University



• European GpENI partners– 10 nations– 14 research institutions– 70 nodes– more under discussion

Bucharest

Wien

Warszawa

ISCTE

Bern

Zürich

KTH

SICS

HelsinkiSimula

Bilkent

GpENIEuropean Proposed Expansion

KSUKU UMKC

UNL

DSU

USD

SDSMT

UMC IUAsia

Internet2

GÉANT2DANTE

NORDUnet

SWITCH

PassauMünchen

ETH

Lancaster

JANET



GpENIAsian Proposed Expansion

KSUKU UMKC

UNL

DSU

USD

SDSMT

UMC IU

Europe

POSTECH

IIT Mumbai

IISc Bangalore

IIT Guwahati

Internet2

ERNET

APAN

• Asian GpENI partners– 2 nations– 4 research institutions– 20 nodes– more under discussion



GpENIRole in ResumeNet

• ResumeNet testbeds– Haggle at Upsala– ETH Zürich indoor wireless– France Telecom– GpENI

• KU, Lancaster, ETH Zürich, TU München, U Passau

• Degree of federation to be determined



End

GpENI and ResiliNets:�International Collaboration in�GENI, FIND, and FIREWhere is Kansas?�Geography LessonResiliNets and GpENI�OutlineResilient Networks �Motivation: RelianceResilient Networks �Motivation: ConsequencesResilient Networks �Motivation: AttractivenessResiliNets and GpENI�Postmodern Internet ArchitecturePostmodern Internet �OverviewPostmodern Internet Architecture �HeaderPostmodern E2E Communication �Example ScenarioResiliNets and GpENI�Postmodern Internet ArchitectureResilient Networks�ResumeNetResilient Networks�Resilience DefinitionScope of Resilience �Relationship to Other DisciplinesResilient Networks�ResiliNets Architectural ModelResiliNets Strategy�D2R2 + DRResiliNets Principles�High Level GroupingResilience Metrics State Space�Resilience TrajectoriesResiliNets and GpENI�Airborne NetworkingAirborne Telemetry Networking�Scenario and EnvironmentAirborne Network Protocol Suite�Protocol Stack and InteroperabilityResiliNets and GpENI�Weather Disruption-Tolerant NetworkingMillimeter-Wave Mesh Networks ArchitectureSimulations�Observed Storm in Northeast KansasResiliNets and GpENI�GpENIGpENI�Overview GpENI�Project GoalsGpENI�Participants: Universities1 GpENI�Participants: Universities2 GpENI�Participants: Research NetworksGpENI�Participants: IndustryGpENI�Node ClusterGpENI �Physical Topology and Network InfrastructureGpENI �Layer 2 Connectivity (mid phase 1)GpENI�GPN Proposed Expansion GpENI�European Proposed Expansion GpENI�Asian Proposed Expansion GpENI�Role in ResumeNetEnd

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