gqfk;fbe ;[xko fdjksh eo}k yku/ ~ w}p{s eobk oki gqpzxb l ... punjabi march 2014.pdf · march -2014...

ISSN-0971-8397

fJe ftek; wkf;e

;kb L 29 nze 8 wkou, 2014 10 ;kbkBk uzdk 100 ` `

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March -2014

Printed at M/s Viba Press Pvt. Ltd., C-66/3, Okhla Industrial Area,

52

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Phase-II, New Delhi-110020, Editor : Balbir Madhopuri.

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ISSN-0971-8354

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ftu bZr iKd/ jB.

d'd'd'd'd'


f;tb ;/tk u[B"shnK Gfonk ][FB[wkf;tb ;/tk u[B"shnK Gfonk ][FB[wkf;tb ;/tk u[B"shnK Gfonk ][FB[wkf;tb ;/tk u[B"shnK Gfonk ][FB[wkf;tb ;/tk u[B"shnK Gfonk ][FB[wk

w"ek fdzdh j?. pj[s xZN jhw"ek fdzdh j?. pj[s xZN jhw"ek fdzdh j?. pj[s xZN jhw"ek fdzdh j?. pj[s xZN jhw"ek fdzdh j?. pj[s xZN jh

nfijhnK ;/tktK jB i' fJzBhnKnfijhnK ;/tktK jB i' fJzBhnKnfijhnK ;/tktK jB i' fJzBhnKnfijhnK ;/tktK jB i' fJzBhnKnfijhnK ;/tktK jB i' fJzBhnK

tZvhnK u[B"shnK, bkr{ eoB ns/tZvhnK u[B"shnK, bkr{ eoB ns/tZvhnK u[B"shnK, bkr{ eoB ns/tZvhnK u[B"shnK, bkr{ eoB ns/tZvhnK u[B"shnK, bkr{ eoB ns/

Bhsh pDkT[D dk w"ek ns/ okFNohBhsh pDkT[D dk w"ek ns/ okFNohBhsh pDkT[D dk w"ek ns/ okFNohBhsh pDkT[D dk w"ek ns/ okFNohBhsh pDkT[D dk w"ek ns/ okFNoh

ftek; gqfefonk ftu w[Zy Gkrhdkoftek; gqfefonk ftu w[Zy Gkrhdkoftek; gqfefonk ftu w[Zy Gkrhdkoftek; gqfefonk ftu w[Zy Gkrhdkoftek; gqfefonk ftu w[Zy Gkrhdko

j'D dk w"ek fdzdhnK j'D. fe;/j'D dk w"ek fdzdhnK j'D. fe;/j'D dk w"ek fdzdhnK j'D. fe;/j'D dk w"ek fdzdhnK j'D. fe;/j'D dk w"ek fdzdhnK j'D. fe;/

~ th nkgD/ ezw T[go wkD ns/~ th nkgD/ ezw T[go wkD ns/~ th nkgD/ ezw T[go wkD ns/~ th nkgD/ ezw T[go wkD ns/~ th nkgD/ ezw T[go wkD ns/

T[; tZb ;wofgs j'Dk ukjhdk j?T[; tZb ;wofgs j'Dk ukjhdk j?T[; tZb ;wofgs j'Dk ukjhdk j?T[; tZb ;wofgs j'Dk ukjhdk j?T[; tZb ;wofgs j'Dk ukjhdk j?

sK i' T[j fJBQK u[B"shnK BkbsK i' T[j fJBQK u[B"shnK BkbsK i' T[j fJBQK u[B"shnK BkbsK i' T[j fJBQK u[B"shnK BkbsK i' T[j fJBQK u[B"shnK Bkb

BfiZmd/ j'J/ Gog{o s;Zbh wkDBfiZmd/ j'J/ Gog{o s;Zbh wkDBfiZmd/ j'J/ Gog{o s;Zbh wkDBfiZmd/ j'J/ Gog{o s;Zbh wkDBfiZmd/ j'J/ Gog{o s;Zbh wkD

;e/. go fJj ;G eoB bJh;e/. go fJj ;G eoB bJh;e/. go fJj ;G eoB bJh;e/. go fJj ;G eoB bJh;e/. go fJj ;G eoB bJh

ekpbhns pDkT[Dh g?Idh j?.ekpbhns pDkT[Dh g?Idh j?.ekpbhns pDkT[Dh g?Idh j?.ekpbhns pDkT[Dh g?Idh j?.ekpbhns pDkT[Dh g?Idh j?.

T[u f;tb nfXekoh i' ;op Gkosh

;/tk ftu jB, i/eo T[BQK B/ T[; gqfspZXsk

~ pDk e/ oZyDk j? fi; Bkb T[j ;/tk

ftu nkJ/ jB sK T[BQK dh fJe ftF/F

f}zw/tkoh j?. nkw dh soQK ub oj/

ezweki s'I Bshi/ jk;b BjhI ehs/ ik

;ed/. f;tb ;/tk ~ e[ZM }kps/ ns/

fttjko pDk e/ oZyDk gt/rk i' nzs ftu

T[BQK ~ ekw:kph fdtkt/rk go fJj S'Nh

fwnkd ftu eFNdkfJe th j' ;edk j?.

ed/ edkJhI, ekfJd/ ek~BK nB[;ko ubDk

iK T[BQK s'I j'D tkb/ n;oK tZb fXnkB

fyZuDk ]so/ fto[ZX fttjko th eoko fdsk

ik ;edk j?. j' ;edk j? n?t/I fijhnK

B"eohnK #s/ fpmk fdsk ikt/. nfij/

nfXekoh th j' ;ed/ jB i' okiBhse

w[yhJ/ d/ eohph j'D dk S'Nh ntXh ftu

bkG T[mkT[D dh e'fFF eoB. go nzs

ftu nfij/ ftnesh i' ekfJd/ ek~BK

nB[;ko ubd/ jB ns/ ezw eo e/

fdykT[Id/ jB, jh T[God/ jB ns/ T[BQK ~

nkdo wkD fwbdk j?. nfij/ f;tb

nfXekoh jw-o[spk r[ZNK tb'I, T[BQK d/

nfXeko y/so d/ eowukohnK, nkw b'eK

ns/ fJE'I se fe tZy-tZy okiBhse dbK

tb'I th fBtk}/ iKd/ jB.

f;tb ;/tk ~ g/Fkto ubD d/

}kps/ ftu ofjDk j[zdk j?. fJ; Bkb Bk

f;o\ uzr/ gqpzXB dk J/izvk w[V s'I w[Zy

fXnkB r'uo/ j' ikt/rk ;r'I fJe tkoh

fco ;op Gkosh ;/tk dk ;Nhb co/w

tkbk doik i' d/F d/ ftek; ns/ ][Fjkbh

bJh ezw eodk j?, dh fJZ}s w[V s'I

ekfJw j' ikt/rh. fJ; Bkb b'eK dk

f;tb ;/tk ftu ftFtk; pD/rk ns/ T[;

bJh bJh fJZ}s pD/rh. f;tb nfXekohnK

bJh e[ZM }kps/ j/m fds/ ik oj/ jB.

gfjbk, T[u ftneshrs fdnkBsdkoh

pDk e/ oy'. f;tb ;/tk dh w}p{sh, T[;

tZb nfXekohnK d/ fpbe[b th foFtsy'o

Bk j'Dk ns/ JhwkBdko j'D dk b'eK ftu

ftFtk; j?. fJj ]k; s"o s/ ;G s'I T[u

gdK #s/ p?m/ f;tb nfXekohnK T[go bkr{

j'Dk ukjhdk j? i' T[fenK jh gj[zu s'I

pkjo j'D. fJ; Bkb s[jk~ nkgD/

okiBhse w[yh Bkb ezw eoB dk nkgDk

sohek ngDkT[D ftu w}p{sh fwbdh j?

i' nfij/ nfXekohnK dh edo eod/ jB.

foFtsy'o gqFk;eK ftu th nfij/ n\;oK

~ fJZ}s Bkb d/fynk iKdk j?.

d{ik, ek~B, BhshnK s/ gqFk;eh \?;b/

bkr{ eoB ftu e'Jh G/dGkt Bk oZy'.

f;tb nfXekoh dh tX/o/ Fesh T[; ftu

b'eK dk ftFtk; j? fe T[j |?o G/dGkt

tkbk s/ jo fe;/ bJh fJe' fijk toskok

eoB tkbk ns/ ezweki ftu gkodoFh

j?. fJj e'fFF eo' fe s[jkv/ \?;b/ b'eK

dhnK B}oK ftu ;G bJh ;kt/I ns/

gkodoFh jB. fJj g?ok-fwbNoh ;?fBeK

dhnK eJh N[eVhnK d/ pokpo j?.

sh;ok, b'e s[jkvh ekpbhns ns/

ikDekoh bJh s[jkvh fJZ}s eod/ jB.

g{oh soQK ikDekoh jk;b eo' ns/ gVu'bhnk

ekpbhns dk ftek; eo' sK fe T[j w[Zd/

fiBQK Bkb BfiZmDk j?, dh g{oh soQK x'y

ftuko eo ;e' ns/ T[BK T[go ;w[Zu/ s"o

s/ fXnkB fdU. w[ZfdnK pko/ g{oh ikDekoh

jk;b eoe/ bJ/ j'J/ \?;b/ bkr{ eoB

:'r j[zd/ jB s/ wBukj/ Bshi/ fdzd/ jB.

u"Ek, bkr{ eoB dhnK ;/tktK fiBQK

T[go nkw s"o s/ f;tb ;/tk s/ ;wK

fpskT[Dk g?Idk j?. ukb{ gqDkbh ftu

pdbkU fbnkT[D bJh w"ek fdzdhnK jB.

s[jkvk T[d/F Bshi/ jk;b eoBk ns/ fJe

n;o Gog{o chbv n\;o dh soQK ezw

eoB dk j'Dk ukjhdk j?. fJ; Bkb

s[jk~ ;ys ns/ nDukj/ \?;b/ b?D/ g?

;ed/ jB. fJ; bJh nkw s"o s/ @BthI

;'u# dh b'V j[zdh j? s/ foFtsy'oK fto[ZX

ekotkJh eoBh g?Idh j?. ;jh ekor[}koh

eoB s'I Bk fMie'. go nkgD/ ezw ftu

;G bJh fJe' fij/ ns/ fBnK g{oe pD

e/ oj'. eJh ;{osK ftu, s[jk~ w[FfebK

dk ;kjwDk th eoBk g? ;edk j?.

gzitK, uzrk gqpzXB BkrfoeK dk

p[fBnkdh nfXeko j?. iBse ;/tk d/D

ns/ ;ehwK bkr{ eoB ftu n"eVK dh

gSkD eo', nfij/ ekfJd/ ek~BK dh gSkD

eo' i' T[Bsh d/ o;s/ ftu o[ektN jB

ns/ ;oeko ~ spdhbhnK fbnkT[D bJh

ej'. tXhnk nwb sohe/ ns/ BthnK

y'iK \?;b/ bkr{ eoB ftu nkgDkU ns/

nkgDh Nhw ftu th fJj XkoBk g?dk

eoB bJh T[; ~ T[sFkjs eo'. Bt/I

ftukoK tZb y[Zbk fdwk| s/ T[BQK ~ ;[DB

dk ;po oy'. iBse ;/tktK dh gj[zu i/

;jh sohe/ ehsh ikt/ sK T[gG'rsktK ftu

s;Zbh g?dk eodh j?, ftZsh ;kXBK dk

tXhnk fJ;s/wkb j[zdk j?, nkofEe ][Fjkbh

nkT[Idh j? ns/ foFtsy'oh xNkT[Idh j?.

S/tK, ;oekoh szso d/ YKu/ ~ ;G

s'I tZX tZNk \?;bk eoB ftu fMie

fdykT[D iK ikD p[M e/ \?;b/ Bk b?D

Bkb brdk j?. \?;b/ eoB ftu fYZbwZm

Bk eo'. i/ s[jk~ \?;b/ eoB ftu

nkgDh ekpbhns T[go FZe j? iK fJBQK

s'I j'D tkb/ BshfinK s'I vo j? sK f;tb

;/tk ftu Fkfwb Bk j't'. f;tb ;/tk dk

g{ok e?ohno \?;b/ b?D ns/ \?;b/ b?D

bJh ;gZFN BhshnK dh f;\koF eoB


T[go nkXkos j?. eJh tko s[jkvh Bk

ehsh ekor[}koh ;kjwD/ BjhI nkT[Idh iK

T[; bJh ;}k BjhI fwbdh, nfijk e[Fb

gqpzXB bJh nfs dk B[e;kBd/j j?.

;ZstK, f;tb ;/tk ftu fpBK FZe

s[;hI g{o/ ro[Zg d/ nkr{ j't'. fwE/ Nhu/

ns/ ;z;EkB d/ p[fBnkdh ekor[}koh fwnko

jk;b eoB bJh fi; d/ s[;hI w[yh

j', g{oh f}zw/tkoh bU. nEkfoNh dk

fte/IdoheoB eoBk f;Zy' go ekpb

bhvofFg :ehBh pDkT[. fJj sd/ nk

;edh j? i/s[jkv/ pko/ s[jkv/ ;zrhnK-

;kEhnK ftu fJj XkoBk pDh j't/ fe s[;hI

Nhu/ Bk jk;b eo ;eD dh ;{os ftu

nkgD/ wksfjsK #s/ d'F BjhI wVQd/. fJ;

Bkb s[jk~ nkgD/ wksfjsK, ;kEhnK ns/

T[go d/ nfXekohnK s'I th fJZ}s fwb/rh.

fJj bhvofFg dh ekw:kph bJh fJe

pj[s tXhnk fJbki j?.

nZmtK, rohpK, ]k; eoe/ jkFhJ/ #s/

gJ/ ;w{jK, n"osK, nB[;{fus ikshnK ns/

nB[;{fus iBikshnK ns/ xZN frDshnK

Bkb ;zt/dBFhb oj'. fJj T[j ;w{j jB

fiBQK ~ s[jkvh wdd dh ;G s'I tZX b'V

j?. T[BQK bJh pD/ gq'rokwK ~ ;jh bkr{

eoB ns/ T[BK dh GbkJh tZb ;zt/dBk

fdyk e/ s[;hI ;wkBsktkdh ;wki yVQk eo

;ed/ j'. T[BK tZb ehsh jK-gZyh ekor[}koh

Bkb, T[BQK dk f;tb ;/tk ftu ftFtk;

pDdk j?.

B"tK, b'eK dh GbkJh d/ e[ZM T[d/F

jk;b eoB bJh, okiBhse w[yh f;tb

;/tk Bkb ;bkj wFtok eo e/ e[ZM

BhshnK pDkT[Id/ jB. wzsohnK ~ ;bkj

d/D t/b/ ns/ T[u nfXekohnK d/ s"o s/

ezw eod/ j'J/, Bhsh d/ T[BQK ;ko/ gfjb{nK

#s/ ftuko eo' i' fXnkB r'uo/ w[Zd/ T[go

ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB. fJj th ftuko eo'

fe i' Bhsh ;oeko bkr{ eoBk ukj[zdh j?

T[j okiBhse dpkn ekoB sK BjhI j?

ns/ T[; dk f;o\ S'Nh ntXh ftu bkG

fwb ;edk j? ns/ nzs ftu okFNo fjs

ftu BjhI j?. i/ nfijk j? sK nkgD/

ftuko fBnKg{ope Yzr Bkb ns/ ;gZFN

s"o s/ oZy'. ekoB dZ; e/ ;gZFN s"o s/

fJj }kfjo eo' fe feT[I s[;hI fe;/ Bhsh

~ pj[s Y[ethI wzBd/ j' ns/ fe; soQK

Bhsh d/ T[d/F g{o/ ehs/ ik ;ed/ jB.

nkgD/ ftuko gqrN eoB t/b/

fJj Bk ;'u' fe wzsoh eh ;[DBk g;zd

eoBr/. i' s[jk~ ;G s'I Y[ethI ekor[}koh

brdh j?, T[; dh ;bkj fdU. fJ;

Bkb nzs ftu s[jkvh s[jkv/ ;kEhnK ftu

ns/ okiBhse w[yh nZr/ fJZ}s pD/rh.

d;tK, iBse ftuko tNKdo/ ftu

;oekoh BhshnK dk fto'X Bk eo'. ;oekoh

eowukoh j'D d/ Bks/, s[jkvh f}zw/tkoh

;oeko ~ nkgDhnK BhshnK dh oZfynk

eoB ftu wdd eoBk j?. BhshnK dk

fto'X eoB Bkb s[;hI ;oeko ns/ nkgDh

fJZ}s xNkT[Id/ j'. i/ w[Zdk pj[s rzGho

j? ns/ s[;hI ;'ud/ j' fe s[;hI nfijhnK

;oekoh BhshnK dk ;kE BjhI d/ ;ed/,

s[;hI B"eoh SZvD ns/ j'o ezw eoB dk

ftuko eo ;ed/ j'.

frnkotK, nzso fBZih w[jkosK dk

ftek; eo'. nkX[fBe d[BhnK ftu fiE/

;z;EkBK, fBZih y/so ft;Eko ns/ seBheh

ft;c'N dh pj[s tZvh r[zikfJF j?, fJj

}o{oh j? fe tZy-tZy y/so d/ b'eK Bkb

uzr/ foFs/ pDk e/ oy' sK i' b'V t/b/

T[BQK se gj[zu ehsh ik ;e/. fJ; Bkb

s[jkvh w[Feb w[ZfdnK ~ BfiZmD dh

;woEk tX iKdh j?.

pkoQtK, uzr/ gqpzXB bJh ;{uBk

seBkb'ih, BthnK seBheK ns/ T[BQK dh

tos'I bJh nkgD/ nkg ~ Ykb'. ;{uBk

seBkb'ih ;/tktK ftu d/oh ~ xZN eo

;edh j?, iBse ;/tktK dh ekoro gj[zu

:ehBh pDk ;edh j? ns/ foFtsy'oh

ysw eo ;edh j?. fJ; bJh s[jk~

fJ; dh tos'I ns/ fJ; dh ;woEk dk

g{ok frnkB j'Dk ukjhdk j?. gqFk;eh s"o

sohfenK ~ nk;kB pDkT[D Bkb uzr/

gqpzXB ftu tkXk j[zdk j?.

s/oQtK, nkgD/ wzsokb/ d/ ftuko

n;odko sohe/ b'eK ;kjwD/ oZyD bJh

nkgD/ nkg ~ gfjbK s'I fsnko eo'.

nkgD/ ftuko E'VQ/ ftu ns/ EVZb/ Bkb

oZy'. fJj pj[s wjZstg{oB j? fe fe;/

th nzsw wzsokbk c'ow ftu T[mD tkb/

w[ZfdnK dh s[jk~ g{oh ;wM j'Dh ukjhdh

j? ns/ T[BQK pko/ s[;hI nkgDh ;'u ftu

;gZFN j'.

u"dQtK, fwbD nkT[D tkfbnK d/

tZy-tZy ftuko ;ktXkBh, g{ope ns/ ;po

Bkb ;[DB dh ekpbhns pDkT[. fJ;

sohe/, nkb/-d[nkb/ d/ y/so ftu nkT[D

tkbhnK ;wZf;nktK T[go pj[s nfXe

chvp?e fbnk ik ;edk j? ns/ fJ; Bkb

T[BQK ~ BfiZmD bJh tZy-tZy sohe/ nkgDkJ/

ik ;ed/ jB. fJj f;ZyD dk ;G s'I

tXhnk sohek j?.

gzdoQtK, Bhsh d/ :'iBkrs T[d/FK

Bkb skbw/b yKdh ekpbhns dk skbw/b

ftek; eo/ ns/ nkw ;fjwsh pDkT[.

nfijk eoB t/b/ s[;hI ;wZf;nk d/ seBheh,

;wkfie ns/ okiBhse g;ko dk w[ZbzeD

eo ;ed/ j'. Bhsh ~ n;odko sohe/

bkr{ eoB bJh, s[jk~ ;]s fBoD/ b?D

s'I r[o/} BjhI eoBk ukjhdk.

;'bQtK, BhshnK ns/ ;G s'I j/mbh

;sj d/ jkbks pko/ ;'u ;wM e/ \?;bk

bt'. T[BQK BhshnK ns/ :'iBktK pko/ i'

bkr{ eoB dk gq;skt j?, T[; y/so d/

b'eK s'I fiE/ T[j bkr{ eoBhnK jB

chvp?e bt'. nkgDhnK :'iBktK ftu

}whBh ;sj, dhnK n;bhnsK Bkb w/b

ykD bJh Y[etK buehbkgB oy'.

;skoQtK, u[B"sh Gog{o ekoiK ~

bt'. T[BQK s'I pu e/ fBebD dh e'fFF

Bk eo'. nkw s"o s/ nfij/ ekoiK dh

g{osh bJh em'o fBoD/ b?D/ g?Id/ jB ns/


c/bQ j'D dk ]sok th j[zdk j?. i/ s[;hI

u[B"shg{oB f}zw/tkoh bJh j? ns/ ;G

;zpzfXs fXoK Bkb JhwkBdkoh Bkb fJe

Nhw tKr ezw eo oj/ j' sK ekw:kph

}o{o jk;b ehsh ik ;edh j?. fJ; Bkb

s[;hI ;G d/ ;kjwD/ nk ikt'r/ ns/ n"y/

ezw eoB dh s[jkvh ekpbhns dh goy

th j' ikt/rh.

nmkoQtK, Gkoh T[e;kjN dh jkbs

ftu, nkgD/ n;{bK ns/ gZehnK XkoBktK

T[go ekfJw oj'. mzYk fdwk| oy'.

gqFk;eh u[B"shnK pj[s soQK dhnK j[zdhnK

jB fiBQK ftu ;tkoEh fjsK tkb/ eJh

fe;w d/ b'e ns/ ;z;EktK Fkfwb j[zdhnK

jB. s[;hI T[BQK s'I gko sd/ jh gk ;ed/

j' i/ s[;hI ;G ;tkb mzY/ fdwk| Bkb

ns/ fpBK bZr bg/N d/ ;'u oj/ j'.

T[BQhItK, f;tb nfXekoh ;oeko ~

itkpd/j j[zd/ jB. go iBse itkpd/jh

th j[zdh j?. ;oekoh BhshnK ns/ gq'rokwK

d/ nkXko #s/, ezw eoB d/ w[Zy y/soK dh

gSkD eo' i' Nhu/ s[;hI nkgD/ ekoi ftu

}o{o jk;b eoB/ jB. b'eK dhnK b'VK

wfj;{; eo' ns/ T[BQK ~ nkgD/ gq'rokwK

ftu Fkfwb eo'.

T[go fby/ ;zpzX ftu fJe fdbu;g

w[Zdk okiBhse w[yh ns/ f;tb ;/tk tb'I

gqFk;eh gqDkbh d/ ;[Xko dh d'jK dh

;zpzfXs f}zw/tkoh j?. fJj }'o d/ e/

efjDk gt/rk fe iBse gqFk;B ~ w}p{s

eoB ns/ uzr/ gqpzXB dh f}zw/tkoh f;tb

;/tk dh j?. go Bhsh fBoXkoB ekoe iK

chbv ekoiK dhnK f}zw/tkohnK bJh ezw

eod/ j'J/, okiBhse w[yh ns/ f;tb ;/tk

ftu ;zpzXK dhnK ftF/FskJhnK pko/ ;wMDk

bkGdkfJe ;kps j' ;edk j?. b'eK

;kjwD/ iBse ;/tktK tosD ftu nk

ojhnK n"eVK ns/ tZv/ g?wkB/ #s/ c?bh

foFtsy'oh pko/ th ;wMDk pj[s }o{oh

j?. fJ; bJh, j/m fds/ B[efsnK T[go

ftF/F fXnkB d/D dh b'V j? L

• gqpzXeh YKu/ ns/ iBse ;/tktKd/D ftu ftnkge foFtsy'oh c?bh j?.

fJ; Bkb w[ZY s'I foFts dh ;zGktBk

ysw eoe/ BfiZfmnk ik ;edk j?. fJ;

ekoi bJh ;/tk d/D d/ sohfenK ~

nk;kB pDkT[Dk j't/rk. ;{uBk seBkb'ih

dh tos'I eoBh j't/rh ns/ \?;b/ b?D

ftu gkodofFsk fbnkT[Dh j't/rh. nrbk

edw, foFtsy'oK dh gSkD ns/ T[BQK ~

S/sh ;}k d/D dk j't/rk.

• fJj ;wMDk bkGdkfJe j't/rkfe ;op Gkosh ;/tktK dh j'Id ;zftXkB

s'I j? (wd 312). fiE/ ;/tktK ~ ;oeko

d/ okiBhse w[yh tb'I fBoXkos BhshnK

~ ngDkT[Dk j[zdk j? T[E/ T[BQK dh e[ZM

ek~BK sfjs, id'I th T[j nkgDhnK

FeshnK dk fJ;s/wkb eod/ jB, ek~Bh

f}zw/tkoh th j[zdh j?. nfijhnK FeshnK

dk bkr{ eoB fJe y[ZbQh ;'u Bkb j'Dk

ukjhdk j?.

• fJj wjZstg{oB j? fe f;tbnfXekoh, Bhsh fBoXkoB d/ ekoi t/b/

nkgD/ ftuko, T[BQK w[Zfdnk T[go fiBQK dh

gVu'b ehsh ik ojh j?, y[ZbQ e/ fbysh

o{g ftu oZyD. fJj s[jkv/ B'N fbyD

ns/ gVu'b ftu ;gZFN o{g ftu nkT[Dk

ukjhdk j?. id'I fJe tkoh s[;hI nkgD/

;gZFN ftuko gqrN eo fds/ jB ns/

fJe ;'funk ;wfMnk \?;bk b? fbnk

frnk j? sK T[; \?;b/ ~ g{oh skes Bkb

bkr{ eoBk ukjhdk j?. fJ; soQK fiE/

f;tb nfXekoh ~ nkgD/ ftuko y[ZbQ e/

oZyD dh nk}kdh j? go T[; tb'I fJe

tkoh i' \?;bk b? fbnk frnk, T[; dh

fto'Xsk ikoh BjhI oy ;edk id'I se fe

e[ZM pj[s p"fXe G/d jh Bk j'D. nfijh

;{os ftu B"eoh SZv d/D ns/ BtK ezw

eoB dk ;'uDk ukjhdk j?.

• eJh nfij/ ifNb jkbks th j';ed/ jB fiE/ wzsoh ns/ e[ZM f;tb

nfXekoh nkgD/ wksfjsK T[go |?o ek~Bh

fBod/F E'gD dh e'fFF eoB. fJj

p/JhwkBh tkb/ wkfJe T[d/F iK foFtsy'oh

ekoB j' ;edk j?. wkchnk th j' ;edk

j?. nfij/ ;G X[zdb/ ns/ |?o ;gZFN

jkbks ftu, f;tb nfXekohnK ~ nfij/

jkbks Bkb fBgND bJh nkgD/ ekoi

ftu ;gZFN j'Dk ukjhdk j?. ;G s'I

gfjbK nfij/ j[ew i' |?o ek~Bh jB iK

fe;/ ek~Bh wd d/ f]bk\ jB iK ek~B

nXhB fwb/ s[jkv/ nfXekoK d/ nkV/

nkT[Id/ jB sK T[BQK ~ B}onzdk} eo

d/Dk ukjhdk j?. d{;ok, nfij/ gqFk;eh

j[ew i' s[jkv/ ftuko ftu nB[fus iK

|?o fBnK;zrs jB, ekoB dZ; e/ T[BQK

dk fto'X eoBk ukjhdk j?. i/ nfij/

j[ew w[V s'I fds/ ikD sK T[BQK ~ bkr{

eo d/Dk ukjhdk j?. fJj eJh jkbsK

ftu nfXekoh d/ e?ohno T[go th n;o

eo ;edk j?. go nzs ftu, s[jkv/ jw-

o[spk ns/ ;kEhnK ftu fJ; Bkb s[jkvh

fJZ}s tX/rh. eJh jkbsK ftu, s[jkv/

;kEh ns/ T[gob/ nfXekoh s[jkv/ e?ohno

Bkb j'J/ fybtkV ~ i' s[jkv/ tb'I

nB[fus ns/ nfBnKg{oB j[ewK ~ bkr{

eoB ekoB j' frnk j't/, ysw eoB

bJh nZr/ nkT[Id/ jB, ekw:kph dh ehws

j?. fJj M{m, |?o ;wkBsk ns/ |?o

ek~Bh sohe/ jk;b BjhI ehsh ik ;edh.

okiBhse w[yh i' ek~B;k} ;GktK

~ itkpd/j j[zdk j? ~ th fJj ;'uDk

gt/rk fe gqpzXB ~ fe; soQK w}p{s

ehsk ik ;edk j?. T[go fds/ }kpfsnK

ns/ ubD bJh w}p{s okiBhse nkw

okfJ dh b'V j't/rh. T[BQK ~, fijk

;odko gN/b B/, 6 djkfenK s'I tZX ;wK

gfjbK fejk ;h, d/F ftnkgh ftuko

tNKdok eoB dh b'V j? ns/ T[; T[go

nwb eoB bJh fsnko ofjD dh b'V

j?.

(b/ye w?Ipo, :'iBk nk:'r, BthI fdZbh j?.)

e-mail :[email protected]



Gkos ftu e[Fb-Fk;B bJh jzGbkGkos ftu e[Fb-Fk;B bJh jzGbkGkos ftu e[Fb-Fk;B bJh jzGbkGkos ftu e[Fb-Fk;B bJh jzGbkGkos ftu e[Fb-Fk;B bJh jzGbk

gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dhnK T[`GothnK T[dkjoDKgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dhnK T[`GothnK T[dkjoDKgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dhnK T[`GothnK T[dkjoDKgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dhnK T[`GothnK T[dkjoDKgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dhnK T[`GothnK T[dkjoDK

nko ph i?Bnko ph i?Bnko ph i?Bnko ph i?Bnko ph i?B

47 ftu p;shtkdh je{ws s'I

nk}kdh gqkgsh ns/ 1950 ftu

b'eszsoh ;zftXkB bkr{ j'D s'I b? e/

Gkos Bt/I jkbks d/ nB[;ko nkgD/

gqpzXeh YKu/ ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJh

rzGhosk Bkb :sB eodk nk fojk j? sK

i' nk}kd Gkos d/ BkrfoeK dhnK nkFktK

#s/ yok T[sfonk ik ;e/. p;shtkdh

je{ws t/b/ th gqpzXeh ;[XkoK dhnK

e'fFFK }o{o j[zdhnK ojhnK go fJj

e'fFFK ;oeko d/ p;shtkdh fB}kw ~

w}p{s eoB tkbhnK ;B. nk}kdh s'I

pknd ;[Fk;B bJh ;[XkoK dk fJe d"o

uZb fgnk. 1950 ftu pDh r'otkbk

ew/Nh dh fog'oN s'I F[o{ j' e/ 1953 ns/

1957 ftu g/F ehshnK rJhnK n?gbph

fog'oNK d/ wZd/B}o 1964 ftu fJe T[u-

skesh gfjbk gqpzXeh ;[Xko nk:'r rfms

ehsk frnk fi; B/ gqpzXB ns/ gqfefonktK

;zpzXh 20 fog'oNK g/F ehshnK. Gkos

;oeko ;[Fk;B d/ nDfd;d/ wzst dh

g{osh bJh :sBFhb j?. tZy-tZy ekoBK

eoe/, fiBQK ftu w[Zy oki;h n;fEosk ;h,

1970 ns/ 80 d/ djkfenK d"okB gqpzXeh

;[XkoK dh fdFk ftu ;orowhnK xZN jh

B}o nkJhnK. fijVhnK pknd ftu f;XKse

ns/ ftjkoe ekoBK eoe/ s/} j' rJhnK.

fJBQK ;orowhnK d/ s/} j'D dk ekoB

Bt/I iBse gqpzXB ns/ fJ; Bkb i[VhnK

;jkfJe ;orowhnK dk iBw b?Dk ;h.

fJ; s'I pknd vkH thoZgk w'fJbh dh

nrtkJh ftu d{;ok gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko/

nk:'r pfDnk fi; B/ 2005 ftu nkgDh

fog'oN g/F ehsh. Gkos ftu fJBQK ;kohnK

;orowhnK dk Fk;B #s/ n;o fgnk j?.

BtK iBse gqpzXBBtK iBse gqpzXBBtK iBse gqpzXBBtK iBse gqpzXBBtK iBse gqpzXB

T[dkjoD s/ Gkos #u Fk;BT[dkjoD s/ Gkos #u Fk;BT[dkjoD s/ Gkos #u Fk;BT[dkjoD s/ Gkos #u Fk;BT[dkjoD s/ Gkos #u Fk;B

1990 d/ nkozG ftu nwohek1990 d/ nkozG ftu nwohek1990 d/ nkozG ftu nwohek1990 d/ nkozG ftu nwohek1990 d/ nkozG ftu nwohek

ns/ d{i/ ;ZBnsh d/FK ftu iBsens/ d{i/ ;ZBnsh d/FK ftu iBsens/ d{i/ ;ZBnsh d/FK ftu iBsens/ d{i/ ;ZBnsh d/FK ftu iBsens/ d{i/ ;ZBnsh d/FK ftu iBse

gqpzXB dh fJe BthI gqpzXehgqpzXB dh fJe BthI gqpzXehgqpzXB dh fJe BthI gqpzXehgqpzXB dh fJe BthI gqpzXehgqpzXB dh fJe BthI gqpzXeh

gj[ zu ;kjwD/ nkJh. iBsegj[ zu ;kjwD/ nkJh. iBsegj[ zu ;kjwD/ nkJh. iBsegj[ zu ;kjwD/ nkJh. iBsegj[ zu ;kjwD/ nkJh. iBse

gqpzXB d/ ftFtheoB B/ BtI/gqpzXB d/ ftFtheoB B/ BtI/gqpzXB d/ ftFtheoB B/ BtI/gqpzXB d/ ftFtheoB B/ BtI/gqpzXB d/ ftFtheoB B/ BtI/

iBse gqp zXB d/ f;XKs ~iBse gqp zXB d/ f;XKs ~iBse gqp zXB d/ f;XKs ~iBse gqp zXB d/ f;XKs ~iBse gqp zXB d/ f;XKs ~

\?bkfJnk ns/ fJ; s' I T[gi/\?bkfJnk ns/ fJ; s' I T[gi/\?bkfJnk ns/ fJ; s' I T[gi/\?bkfJnk ns/ fJ; s' I T[gi/\?bkfJnk ns/ fJ; s' I T[gi/

;[XkoK dk n;o ftek;Fhb d/FK;[XkoK dk n;o ftek;Fhb d/FK;[XkoK dk n;o ftek;Fhb d/FK;[XkoK dk n;o ftek;Fhb d/FK;[XkoK dk n;o ftek;Fhb d/FK

ftu th j'fJnk. Bt/I iBseftu th j'fJnk. Bt/I iBseftu th j'fJnk. Bt/I iBseftu th j'fJnk. Bt/I iBseftu th j'fJnk. Bt/I iBse

gqpzXB dh fw;kb fJe fXnkBgqpzXB dh fw;kb fJe fXnkBgqpzXB dh fw;kb fJe fXnkBgqpzXB dh fw;kb fJe fXnkBgqpzXB dh fw;kb fJe fXnkB

oZyD tkbh ;oeko dh rZboZyD tkbh ;oeko dh rZboZyD tkbh ;oeko dh rZboZyD tkbh ;oeko dh rZboZyD tkbh ;oeko dh rZb

eodh j? i' gkodoFh, b'e w[yh,eodh j? i' gkodoFh, b'e w[yh,eodh j? i' gkodoFh, b'e w[yh,eodh j? i' gkodoFh, b'e w[yh,eodh j? i' gkodoFh, b'e w[yh,

fdqVQ fJZSk Fesh, itkpd/jh,fdqVQ fJZSk Fesh, itkpd/jh,fdqVQ fJZSk Fesh, itkpd/jh,fdqVQ fJZSk Fesh, itkpd/jh,fdqVQ fJZSk Fesh, itkpd/jh,

f}zw/tkoh ns/ ;G ~ Bkb b? e/f}zw/tkoh ns/ ;G ~ Bkb b? e/f}zw/tkoh ns/ ;G ~ Bkb b? e/f}zw/tkoh ns/ ;G ~ Bkb b? e/f}zw/tkoh ns/ ;G ~ Bkb b? e/

uZbD tkbh j't/.uZbD tkbh j't/.uZbD tkbh j't/.uZbD tkbh j't/.uZbD tkbh j't/.

Gkos ftu Fk;B tk;s/ Bt/ IGkos ftu Fk;B tk;s/ Bt/ IGkos ftu Fk;B tk;s/ Bt/ IGkos ftu Fk;B tk;s/ Bt/ IGkos ftu Fk;B tk;s/ Bt/ I

iBse gqpzXB dh F[o{nksiBse gqpzXB dh F[o{nksiBse gqpzXB dh F[o{nksiBse gqpzXB dh F[o{nksiBse gqpzXB dh F[o{nks

fJBQK ;orowhnK d/ n;o j/m 1990

d/ djke/ d"okB Gkos ;oeko B/ gqpzXeh

gqDkbh d/ g[BormB ns/ fJ; ~ BthI

fdFk d/D dh b'V wfj;{; ehsh ns/

iBse gqpzXB tk;s/ uzr/oh iBse gj[zu

dk wkBe wkvb ngDkT[D #s/ }'o fdsk.

fJ; ftu Fkfwb j'Dk ;h L

1) \?;bk b?D bJh Bshik w[yh

oDBhsh (e[Fbsk, gqGktesk ns/ ;/tktK

dk gZXo (2) ;oekoh ndkfonK ns/

d\so d/ ezw eoB d/ tksktoB ftu

;[Xko fbnkT[D/ sK i' fJe BtK ezw

;fGnkuko B}o nkJ/ ns/ gqpzXB dk

pdfbnk tshok B}o nkJ/ fi; ftu

gkodoFsk, f}zw/tkoh, itkpd/jh, Gkrhdkoh

ns/ Bkrfoe gZyh gqpzXB d/ f;XKs Fkfwb

j'D. (3) pdb/ j'J/ tksktoB nB[;ko

B"eoFkjh ftu ;[Xko, fJ; d/ tsho/ ftu

spdhbhnK. pikfJ fe fiT[I dh fsT[I

;fEsh d/ jwkfJsh pDB d/', fJj wfj;{;

j'Dk ukjhdk j? fe ftFtheoB, T[dkotkd

ns/ fBZiheoB d/ d"o ftu fJ; ~

pdbkn d/ ekoB ti'I tZvh G{fwek fBGkT[Dh

gt/rh.

otkfJsh edoK ehwsK ns/ ezw

;ZfGnkuko d/ fB:wK ftu pdbkn s'I

fJbktk, fJ; ~ BthnK seBheK, gqkgshnK

ns/ w[ekpb/ dhnK edoK-ehwsK, pokpoh,

;wsktkd ns/ tv/o/ ;w{fje, ;wkfie

NhfunK ~ ngDkT[D bJh fJZSk Fesh dk

gqrNktk eoBk gt/rk.

1919191919


Gkos d/ Fk;B ;zpzXh siop/ 'Gkos d/ Fk;B ;zpzXh siop/ 'Gkos d/ Fk;B ;zpzXh siop/ 'Gkos d/ Fk;B ;zpzXh siop/ 'Gkos d/ Fk;B ;zpzXh siop/ '

ns/ 21thI ;dh dhnK po{jK #s/ns/ 21thI ;dh dhnK po{jK #s/ns/ 21thI ;dh dhnK po{jK #s/ns/ 21thI ;dh dhnK po{jK #s/ns/ 21thI ;dh dhnK po{jK #s/

gqpzXeh ftek;gqpzXeh ftek;gqpzXeh ftek;gqpzXeh ftek;gqpzXeh ftek;

fit/I fe b/ye tb'I fe;/ j'o EK

pj[s }'o d/ e/ ;[MkfJnk frnk ;h (i?B,

2001) fe jw/Fk ;oeko dhnK n;cbsktK

bJh fJ; d/ YKukrs gZyK ~ d'Fh

mfjokT[Dk rbs j't/rk. ;oeko dh wFhBoh

ns/ gqpzXB ftu 60 ;kb s'I tZX ;w/I s'I

j'D tkbh x;kJh ~ t/yfdnK fJj fejk

ik ;edk j? fe Gkos dk ;oekoh YKuk

f;o\ fiT[Idk ofj ;fenk j? go fJ; B/

;w/I d/ Eg/fVnK dk th pk]{ph ;kjwDk

ehsk j? w[ekpbsB pj[s ;ko/ d{;o/

ftek;Fhb d/FK d/ fiE/ nfijk YKuk g{oh

soQK BFN j' frnk j?. fco th, fiT[Idk

ofjD d/ pkti{d, gqpzX ftu pj[s ;kohnK

ykwhnK T[sgzB j' rJhnK jB fi; Bkb

t[vo' ftb;B d/ fJ; eEB ~ pb

fwbdk j? fe @@;zftXkB pDkT[D Bkb'I fJ;

~ bkr{ eoBk pj[s w[Ffeb j?.## fJ;

gsB dk ;G s'I gqw[Zy ns/ p[fBnkdh

ekoB j? okiBhse ns/ gqpzXeh e[bhB

tor tb'I ngDkfJnk frnk edoK-ehwsK

dk d'jok wkgdzv, fi; dh f;;Nw ~

bkr{ eoB dh w[Zy f}zw/tkoh j[zdh j?.

d{;ok, Gkos ftu f}zdrh d/ jo

tor s'I nkT[D tkb/ b'eK ftu Jhoyk dh

GktBk gqpb j'Dk i' ;zftXkBe jZeK ns/

gqpzXeh bkGK dh EK #s/ nkgD/ \o}K tZb

g{ok fXnkB BjhI fdzd/. Gkos d/ b'eK dh

podkFs eoB dh ;woZEk, i' T[BQK d/

;wkfie, ;fGnkukoe ns/ okiBhse tsho/

dk fgSb/ d' djkfenK s'I ftF/F wzr eo

fojk j?. T[j ;Zsk d/ ;zxoF ftu feXo/

r[nku frnk ikgdk j?. sh;ok, ftXkBekoK

ns/ gqpzXeK tb'I itkpd/jh ns/ f}zw/tkoh

dh XkoBk s'I feBkok eoB Bkb fJe

f}zw/tko ;oeko d/ ne; ~ tZvh Ykn

bZrh j?. okiBhse GkFD ns/ pfj; sK

j'Jh j? go BkrfeoK d/ jZeK ns/ fJZSktK

d/ wkwb/ ftu e'Jh ]k; gqkgsh BjhI

j'Jh. nB/e tZvhnK BhshnK, :'iBktK,

gq'rokw ns/ gqki?eN jB i' pDkT[D bJh

n;hI ekjb/ j[zd/ jK go fJBQK wZdK ~

bkr{ eoB dh Bk ;kv/ e'b :'iBk j?, Bk

fJZSk Fesh. Bshi/ d/ s"o s/ soZeh ns/

ftek; d/ y/so ftu iK sK yV's j? iK

pj[s wZmk ftek; j' fojk j?. fJ; ;G

e[M s'I T[s/, Gkos ftu B"eoFkjh BkrfoeK

dhnK ;wZf;nktK s'I nDfGZi, ;[;s ns/

fe;/ jZd se nwkBth j?. j'o wkVh

rZb, fJ; ~ ftFt Go dhnK B"eoFkjhnK

ftu ;G s'I fGqFN th nkfynk iKdk j?.

u"Ek, Gkos ftu rohp jkb/ thu"Ek, Gkos ftu rohp jkb/ thu"Ek, Gkos ftu rohp jkb/ thu"Ek, Gkos ftu rohp jkb/ thu"Ek, Gkos ftu rohp jkb/ th

rohp jB ns/ nzefVnK d/rohp jB ns/ nzefVnK d/rohp jB ns/ nzefVnK d/rohp jB ns/ nzefVnK d/rohp jB ns/ nzefVnK d/

fj;kp Bkb fJBQK dh frDshfj;kp Bkb fJBQK dh frDshfj;kp Bkb fJBQK dh frDshfj;kp Bkb fJBQK dh frDshfj;kp Bkb fJBQK dh frDsh

tXh j?. nkpkdh ftu tkX/ B/tXh j?. nkpkdh ftu tkX/ B/tXh j?. nkpkdh ftu tkX/ B/tXh j?. nkpkdh ftu tkX/ B/tXh j?. nkpkdh ftu tkX/ B/

nkofEe gqkgshnK dh fwZM eZYnkofEe gqkgshnK dh fwZM eZYnkofEe gqkgshnK dh fwZM eZYnkofEe gqkgshnK dh fwZM eZYnkofEe gqkgshnK dh fwZM eZY

fdsh j?. Gkt/I fe Gkos ftufdsh j?. Gkt/I fe Gkos ftufdsh j?. Gkt/I fe Gkos ftufdsh j?. Gkt/I fe Gkos ftufdsh j?. Gkt/I fe Gkos ftu

fJe w}p{s dofwnkBk spek,fJe w}p{s dofwnkBk spek,fJe w}p{s dofwnkBk spek,fJe w}p{s dofwnkBk spek,fJe w}p{s dofwnkBk spek,

soZeh eo fojk ;kcNt/no T[d:'rsoZeh eo fojk ;kcNt/no T[d:'rsoZeh eo fojk ;kcNt/no T[d:'rsoZeh eo fojk ;kcNt/no T[d:'rsoZeh eo fojk ;kcNt/no T[d:'r

ns/ gqwkD{ ;woZEk j? go Gkosns/ gqwkD{ ;woZEk j? go Gkosns/ gqwkD{ ;woZEk j? go Gkosns/ gqwkD{ ;woZEk j? go Gkosns/ gqwkD{ ;woZEk j? go Gkos

d/ BkrfoeK dh fJe tZvh frDshd/ BkrfoeK dh fJe tZvh frDshd/ BkrfoeK dh fJe tZvh frDshd/ BkrfoeK dh fJe tZvh frDshd/ BkrfoeK dh fJe tZvh frDsh

p/jZd rohph ns/ tzus j'D dhp/jZd rohph ns/ tzus j'D dhp/jZd rohph ns/ tzus j'D dhp/jZd rohph ns/ tzus j'D dhp/jZd rohph ns/ tzus j'D dh

fdFk ftu nkgDh T[gihtek ewkfdFk ftu nkgDh T[gihtek ewkfdFk ftu nkgDh T[gihtek ewkfdFk ftu nkgDh T[gihtek ewkfdFk ftu nkgDh T[gihtek ewk

ojh j?.ojh j?.ojh j?.ojh j?.ojh j?.

;oeko dh ezw eoB dh ;woEk

jkb/ th ew}'o j?, iBse fBt/F ns/

ftek; bJh ;o'sK dh jkb/ th xkN j?,

;EkBe nfXeko y/soK dk ]k; s"o s/

wzdk jkb j?. f;Zfynk, f;js, efbnkD,

YKuk ns/ pj[s jh }o{oh - ghD tkb/

;k\ gkDh dh b'V fijhnK pj[s jh

p[fBnkdh b'VK jkb/ th g{ohnK BjhI j'

ojhnK. n;b ftu, pj[s ;ko/ rohp

fJe djkek gfjbK Bkb'I j'o th pdso

jkbks ftu jB. e'Jh n;uoi BjhI fe

:{ n?B vh gh tb'I jo/e ;kb wB[Zyh

ftek; pko/ fsnko ehsh fog'oN ftu

Gkos dk ;EkB pj[s j/mK j?.

e[Fb-Fk;B bJh oDBhshnKe[Fb-Fk;B bJh oDBhshnKe[Fb-Fk;B bJh oDBhshnKe[Fb-Fk;B bJh oDBhshnKe[Fb-Fk;B bJh oDBhshnK

fJBQK ;orowhnK dh o"FBh ftu i'

p[fBnkdh ;tkb yVQk j[zdk j?, T[j j?

nfijhnK oDBhshnK pDkJhnK ikD i'

Gkos tk;s/ bkj/tzd j'D ns/ fiBQK Bkb

fBozso ftek; dh okj #s/ nZr/ tfXnk ik

;e/. ;z;Ekrs ns/ YKukrs y'iK, i' fJe

uzr/ Fk;B dk nkXko pDdhnK jB, s'I

fJbktk, fJe fGqFNkuko w[es fBozso

ftek; bJh @B?fse fdqVQsk# dh b'V j[zdh

j? (fdt/dh, 1987, 607-9 ns/ 2001).

Fk;B ftu T[; w"fbe fdqVQsk dh gSkD

Bkb fJj fBod/fFs j' iKdk j? fe Fk;B

eoB tkfbnK ~ b'e GbkJh tk;s/ nkgDhnK

e'fFFK fe; fdFk tZb ;/fXs eoBhnK

ukjhdhnK jB, i' T[j nkgDhnK ;wki dh

;/tk eoB dhnK GktBktK ~ ;jh mfjokT[Dk

ukj[zd/ jB. T[j fdFk @fBZih# B?fse

f}zw/tkoh ns/ itkpd/jh, fsnkr, dfJnk,

fBnK ns/ ;KM/ Nhu/ dh gqkgsh dh wzr

eodh j?. nkyo ~, fJj B?fse fdqVQsk

jh j? i' fGqFNkuko w[es fBozso ftek;

bJh ;[Fk;B dh BhIj pDdh j?.

uzr/ Fk;B bJh fB:wktbh wkvbuzr/ Fk;B bJh fB:wktbh wkvbuzr/ Fk;B bJh fB:wktbh wkvbuzr/ Fk;B bJh fB:wktbh wkvbuzr/ Fk;B bJh fB:wktbh wkvb

~ ngDkT[Dk L~ ngDkT[Dk L~ ngDkT[Dk L~ ngDkT[Dk L~ ngDkT[Dk L fJ; eoe/ j[D t/b/ dh

b'V ikgdh j? fe uzrh gqpzXB gj[zu bJh

fB:wktbh wkvb ngDkfJnk ikt/ fi;

ftu okiBhse-gqpzXeh ns/ uzr/ Fk;B

bJh B?fse edoK ehwsK th Fkfwb j'D.

fi; ftu L

• \?;bk b?D bJh f}nkdk oDBhseiK Bshik w[yh (e[Fbsk, gqGkth ns/ ;/tk

dk gZXo) gj[zu ngDkJh ikt/.

• pj[s f}nkdk e/Idohfeqs ;z;EkrsYKu/ ~ fte/Idohfeqs gqpzXB tksktoB Bkb

pdbBk i' Bt/I g/Iv{, Ffjoh ns/ Brogkfbek

ndkfonK Bkb fJefwe j' ;e/ fiE/ ;o'sK

dh tzv ns/ ;/tktK gqdkB eoB ;zpzXh

\?;b/ ;/tk d/D tkb/ nyhob/ fpzd{ #s/ bJ/

iKd/ jB.


• f;ZX/ iBse gqktXkB dh GkbbJh buehbkgB fi; Bkb Bhshrs \?;b/

fe\kfJsh j' ;ed/ jB.

• ;Zsk ns/ f}zw/tkoh d/ ;[w/b #s/e/Idfos eoBk i' ekoi e[Fbsk tXkT[D,

fi; ftu ;gZFN e[Fbsk dk ftXkB Fkfwb

j?, ftu ;jkJh j' ;e/.

• iBse ;/tktK d/ ndkfonK d/nzdo ns/ nkg; ftu w[ekpb/pk}h dk

tksktoB fsnko eoBk.

• e/Ido ftu oDBhse ;woEktK ~w}p{s eoBk sK i' ;oeko pkjoh pdbktK

ns/ ftfGzB fjsK gqfs ibdh ekotkJh eo

;e/, buehb/gB ns/ fe\kfJs Bkb l

• b'eK d/ wkfXnw s'I f}nkdkitkpd/jh ns/ gkodoFsk sK fe BshfinK

ns/ j'J/ yofunK pko/ g{oh ikDekoh fwb

;e/.

• fJBQK pdbktK d/ jZe ftu ;/tktKnB[;ko piN ns/ gqpzXB dk YKuk pDkT[Dkl

• y'iK ~ ;theko eoBk, okiBhsens/ gqpzXeh gZXo #s/ fGqFNkuko ]sw

eoB bJh Y[etK YKuk fsnko eoBk ns/

BkrfoeK dhnK fFekfJsK d/ fBtkoB d/

f;;Nw ~ w}p{s eoBk

• gqpzXB d/ gZXo #s/ ;/tktK gqdkBeoB dh gqDkbh ftu ;[Xko eoB bJh

g[oksB B"eoFkjh dhnK gqfefonktK d/ e[ZM

fB:wK ~ BthI iBse gqpzXB gqDkbh ftu

i}p eoBk ns/

• ;oekoh ndkfonK ns/ d\soK d/ezw eoB d/ wkj"b ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D/

sK fe fJe BtK @ezw ;fGnkuko# ;kjwD/

nkt/ ns/ gkodoFsk, f}zw/tkoh, itkpd/jh,

Gkrhdkoh ns/ Bkrfoe gZyh gqpzXB Bkb

;[w/b yKd/ gqpzXB d/ ;[Gkn ~ ngDkfJnk

ik ;e/.

iBse-fBZih y/so dh ;KM LiBse-fBZih y/so dh ;KM LiBse-fBZih y/so dh ;KM LiBse-fBZih y/so dh ;KM LiBse-fBZih y/so dh ;KM L fJ;

ftu e'Jh FZe BjhI fe ftFtheoB ns/

fJ; s'I T[gi/ nkofEe ns/ seBheh pdbktK

B/ ni'eh Fk;B gZXsh #s/ ek\h n;o

gkfJnk j?. ftdtkB dbhb fdzd/ jB fe

nzsookFNoh tksktoB ftu Fk;B dh

n;b gZXsh ~ iBsk ns/ fBZih gksoK d/

nkgD/ ;fj:'r Bkb i'fVnk ik ;edk j?

i' oDBhse ;w{jK d/ ;jko/ fNfenk j[zdk

j? fi; ftu iBse t;sK #s/ f}nkdk }'o

fdsk iKdk j?. fJ; eoe/ fJj rzGho

;tkb wjZstg{oB pD iKdk j?l fJj

:ehBh pDkT[Dk fe fet/I ;zGt j't/ fe

fBZih Fk;B ;orowhnK ;wki d/ tX/o/

fjsK gqfs f}zw/tkoh tkbhnK j'D< (efBZb

ns/ b/we[jb, 2002, 57-58). fJ; eoe/

itkpd/jh dk ;tkb fJe w[Zy w[Zdk pD

iKdk j? ns/ ;[Fk;B dk w[Zdk th.

nZieZbQ fJe Bt/I wkvb dh thnZieZbQ fJe Bt/I wkvb dh thnZieZbQ fJe Bt/I wkvb dh thnZieZbQ fJe Bt/I wkvb dh thnZieZbQ fJe Bt/I wkvb dh th

uouk j' ojh j? fi; ~ iBse-uouk j' ojh j? fi; ~ iBse-uouk j' ojh j? fi; ~ iBse-uouk j' ojh j? fi; ~ iBse-uouk j' ojh j? fi; ~ iBse-

fBZih ;w[dkfJe GkJhukok th nkfynkfBZih ;w[dkfJe GkJhukok th nkfynkfBZih ;w[dkfJe GkJhukok th nkfynkfBZih ;w[dkfJe GkJhukok th nkfynkfBZih ;w[dkfJe GkJhukok th nkfynk

iKdk j? fi; sfjs ;oeko ns/iKdk j? fi; sfjs ;oeko ns/iKdk j? fi; sfjs ;oeko ns/iKdk j? fi; sfjs ;oeko ns/iKdk j? fi; sfjs ;oeko ns/

fBZih ;w{j ;wki GbkJh ns/ fBZihfBZih ;w{j ;wki GbkJh ns/ fBZihfBZih ;w{j ;wki GbkJh ns/ fBZihfBZih ;w{j ;wki GbkJh ns/ fBZihfBZih ;w{j ;wki GbkJh ns/ fBZih

;w{jK d/ f;o\ w[Bk\k eokT[D ~;w{jK d/ f;o\ w[Bk\k eokT[D ~;w{jK d/ f;o\ w[Bk\k eokT[D ~;w{jK d/ f;o\ w[Bk\k eokT[D ~;w{jK d/ f;o\ w[Bk\k eokT[D ~

ysw eoB bJh fwb e/ ezw eod/ysw eoB bJh fwb e/ ezw eod/ysw eoB bJh fwb e/ ezw eod/ysw eoB bJh fwb e/ ezw eod/ysw eoB bJh fwb e/ ezw eod/

jB. fJj wkvb ftek;Fhb d/FK,jB. fJj wkvb ftek;Fhb d/FK,jB. fJj wkvb ftek;Fhb d/FK,jB. fJj wkvb ftek;Fhb d/FK,jB. fJj wkvb ftek;Fhb d/FK,

Gkos ;w/s, ftu f}nkdk bkr{Gkos ;w/s, ftu f}nkdk bkr{Gkos ;w/s, ftu f}nkdk bkr{Gkos ;w/s, ftu f}nkdk bkr{Gkos ;w/s, ftu f}nkdk bkr{

ehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; wkvbehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; wkvbehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; wkvbehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; wkvbehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; wkvb

okjhI th ;cbsk gqkgs j' ojh j?.okjhI th ;cbsk gqkgs j' ojh j?.okjhI th ;cbsk gqkgs j' ojh j?.okjhI th ;cbsk gqkgs j' ojh j?.okjhI th ;cbsk gqkgs j' ojh j?.

fJj w[Zy s"o s/ ftek; gqfefonktKfJj w[Zy s"o s/ ftek; gqfefonktKfJj w[Zy s"o s/ ftek; gqfefonktKfJj w[Zy s"o s/ ftek; gqfefonktKfJj w[Zy s"o s/ ftek; gqfefonktK

~ s/} eoB ftu ;jkJh j[zdk j?~ s/} eoB ftu ;jkJh j[zdk j?~ s/} eoB ftu ;jkJh j[zdk j?~ s/} eoB ftu ;jkJh j[zdk j?~ s/} eoB ftu ;jkJh j[zdk j?

feT[Ife ;kok fXnkB w[Bk\k ewkT[DfeT[Ife ;kok fXnkB w[Bk\k ewkT[DfeT[Ife ;kok fXnkB w[Bk\k ewkT[DfeT[Ife ;kok fXnkB w[Bk\k ewkT[DfeT[Ife ;kok fXnkB w[Bk\k ewkT[D

s'I jN e/ wzst g{osh tZb bZrs'I jN e/ wzst g{osh tZb bZrs'I jN e/ wzst g{osh tZb bZrs'I jN e/ wzst g{osh tZb bZrs'I jN e/ wzst g{osh tZb bZr

iKdk j?. fJj |?o-w[Bk\/ tkbhnKiKdk j?. fJj |?o-w[Bk\/ tkbhnKiKdk j?. fJj |?o-w[Bk\/ tkbhnKiKdk j?. fJj |?o-w[Bk\/ tkbhnKiKdk j?. fJj |?o-w[Bk\/ tkbhnK

;z;EktK ]k; T[sFkjs ns/ ftZsh;z;EktK ]k; T[sFkjs ns/ ftZsh;z;EktK ]k; T[sFkjs ns/ ftZsh;z;EktK ]k; T[sFkjs ns/ ftZsh;z;EktK ]k; T[sFkjs ns/ ftZsh

o[ektNK ~ d{o eoe/ iBse ns/o[ektNK ~ d{o eoe/ iBse ns/o[ektNK ~ d{o eoe/ iBse ns/o[ektNK ~ d{o eoe/ iBse ns/o[ektNK ~ d{o eoe/ iBse ns/

fBZih y/so ftub/ gkV/ ~ fwNkT[DfBZih y/so ftub/ gkV/ ~ fwNkT[DfBZih y/so ftub/ gkV/ ~ fwNkT[DfBZih y/so ftub/ gkV/ ~ fwNkT[DfBZih y/so ftub/ gkV/ ~ fwNkT[D

ftu ;jkJh j[ zdhnK jB sK i'ftu ;jkJh j[ zdhnK jB sK i'ftu ;jkJh j[ zdhnK jB sK i'ftu ;jkJh j[ zdhnK jB sK i'ftu ;jkJh j[ zdhnK jB sK i'

;[oZfyns ns/ gqGkth dtkJhnK ns/;[oZfyns ns/ gqGkth dtkJhnK ns/;[oZfyns ns/ gqGkth dtkJhnK ns/;[oZfyns ns/ gqGkth dtkJhnK ns/;[oZfyns ns/ gqGkth dtkJhnK ns/

d{i/ T[sgkdK d/ ftek; bJh T[d:'rKd{i/ T[sgkdK d/ ftek; bJh T[d:'rKd{i/ T[sgkdK d/ ftek; bJh T[d:'rKd{i/ T[sgkdK d/ ftek; bJh T[d:'rKd{i/ T[sgkdK d/ ftek; bJh T[d:'rK

dh Fw{bhns tX ;e/.dh Fw{bhns tX ;e/.dh Fw{bhns tX ;e/.dh Fw{bhns tX ;e/.dh Fw{bhns tX ;e/.

e[Fb-Fk;B bJh itkpd/jh fJee[Fb-Fk;B bJh itkpd/jh fJee[Fb-Fk;B bJh itkpd/jh fJee[Fb-Fk;B bJh itkpd/jh fJee[Fb-Fk;B bJh itkpd/jh fJe

w[Ybh }o{os Lw[Ybh }o{os Lw[Ybh }o{os Lw[Ybh }o{os Lw[Ybh }o{os L i/ itkpd/jh dh XkoBk

iBse ;/tktK ns/ j'o d{ihnK |?o ;oekoh

;z;EktK d/ nj[d/dkoK, i' fJj ;/tktK

gqdkB eod/ jB, dh f}zw/tkoh tZb fJFkok

eod/ jB sK b'V j? pj[-ftX sohfenK

dh sK fe gsk bZr ;e/ tZy-tZy ;z;EktK

fe; gqeko gqfsfefonk eodhnK jB.

itkpd/jh s? eoB d/ otkfJsh sohe/

}o{oh BjhI itkpd/jh ;ZfGnkuko dh ;jh

s;tho g/F eod/ j'D. id fe ;/tktK

gqdkB eoB dk f;;Nw j'o f}nkdk

g/uhdrhnK tZb tX fojk j? sK d{;o/

gZXoK #s/ th itkpd/jh dh gqfefonk ftu

BthI T[sgZsh, nB[e{bD, ns/ e[M wkwfbnK

ftu ;z;Ekrs ftek; d/ gfjb{ Fkfwb

ehs/ ikD/ ukjhd/ jB. ;z;dh ew/NhnK,

b'egkb nkfd dh w}p{s G{fwek Bkb

T[go s'I j/mK se skes ftu ;[Xko j'

;edk j?. ;Zi/ s'I yZp/ itkpd/jh s? eoB

d/ :zso w[ekpb/pk}h dh gqDkbh ns/ d{i/

;w{fje sohe/ fJ;s/wkb eoB bJh tZyo/

j'Dr/. fJBQK d'tK wkwfbnK ftu gqfsfefonk

ns/ ;[Xko dh G{fwek ;z;Ekrs gqfefonktK

ftu, w[V e/IdoheoB d/ ]sfonK s'I fpBK,

fJe o;sk fdykT[Id/ jB. itkpd/jh d/

fJ; Bt/I y/so ~ fte;s j'D ns/ nkgD/

T[gktK, wkBeK ns/ fB:wK dk oki ;Ekgs

eoB ftu E'VQK ;wK bZr ;edk j?.

FkfJd ;G s'I tZX }o{oh edw i' T[mkfJnk

ikDk ukjhdk j? T[j j? itkpd/jh dh

pj[gZyh fdFk, fi; dk wsbp pj[-ftX

edw ns/ Bt/ I b'e okfJ jB.a

ezB;kJhvbkJhB, 2002,21-40)

;{uBk seBkb'ih ~ ngDkT[D;{uBk seBkb'ih ~ ngDkT[D;{uBk seBkb'ih ~ ngDkT[D;{uBk seBkb'ih ~ ngDkT[D;{uBk seBkb'ih ~ ngDkT[D

ns/ Jh-rtoB?I; dk f;XKs Lns/ Jh-rtoB?I; dk f;XKs Lns/ Jh-rtoB?I; dk f;XKs Lns/ Jh-rtoB?I; dk f;XKs Lns/ Jh-rtoB?I; dk f;XKs L ;{uBk

seBkb'ih d/ y/so ftu nkJh eqKsh Bkb

fJ; dk uzr/ Fk;B ~ ngDkT[D #s/ }'o

;kjwD/ nkfJnk j?. Jh-rtoB?I; iK

fJb?eNqkfBe ;kXB gqDkbh ;oeko ns/

BkrfoeK ftukb/ ;[ykt/I ;zpzXK #s/ }'o


fdzdh j?. Gkt/I fe fJj g[oksB feskph

Fk;B ~ g{oh soQK pdb BjhI ;edh go

fJ; dh ;hws tos'I Bkb th o'}kBk dh

f}zdrh #s/ n;o gkt/rh. w'N/ s"o s/ fJj

uko w[Zy T[d/FK dh g{osh eo ;edh j?

fi; bJh ;oeko Bkb BkrfoeK dk tkj

tk;s g?Idk j? L

• fpb, eo ns/ tos'I \h; nkfdndk eoBk.

• gziheoB -ukj/ T[j pZu/ d/ iBw,xo dh yohd iK vqkJhftzr bkfJ;z;

pDkT[D dk j't/ (sfwbBkv{ ftu, fw;kb

s/ s"o s/ 72 gqeko dhnK ;/tktK d/

gqkoEBk gZso vkT{Bb'v eo ;ed/ jB).

• ikDekoh gqkgs eoBk.• fFekfJs doi eokT[Dk. Jh-

rtoB?I; \k;fbnK ~ fpbe[b ]sok eo

;edh j?.

d{o-d[okv/ ;fEs fgzvK ~ FfjoKd{o-d[okv/ ;fEs fgzvK ~ FfjoKd{o-d[okv/ ;fEs fgzvK ~ FfjoKd{o-d[okv/ ;fEs fgzvK ~ FfjoKd{o-d[okv/ ;fEs fgzvK ~ FfjoK

ftu ;oekoh d\soK Bkb i'VBftu ;oekoh d\soK Bkb i'VBftu ;oekoh d\soK Bkb i'VBftu ;oekoh d\soK Bkb i'VBftu ;oekoh d\soK Bkb i'VB

Bkb nwb/ dh xZN b'V gt/rh,Bkb nwb/ dh xZN b'V gt/rh,Bkb nwb/ dh xZN b'V gt/rh,Bkb nwb/ dh xZN b'V gt/rh,Bkb nwb/ dh xZN b'V gt/rh,

you/ xNDr/, ;oekoh szso ftuyou/ xNDr/, ;oekoh szso ftuyou/ xNDr/, ;oekoh szso ftuyou/ xNDr/, ;oekoh szso ftuyou/ xNDr/, ;oekoh szso ftu

ewhnK #s / ekp { gkfJnk ikewhnK #s / ekp { gkfJnk ikewhnK #s / ekp { gkfJnk ikewhnK #s / ekp { gkfJnk ikewhnK #s / ekp { gkfJnk ik

;e/rk, Bkrfoe-;oeko ftukb/;e/rk, Bkrfoe-;oeko ftukb/;e/rk, Bkrfoe-;oeko ftukb/;e/rk, Bkrfoe-;oeko ftukb/;e/rk, Bkrfoe-;oeko ftukb/

skbw/b ;[yktK j't/rk, bzwhnKskbw/b ;[yktK j't/rk, bzwhnKskbw/b ;[yktK j't/rk, bzwhnKskbw/b ;[yktK j't/rk, bzwhnKskbw/b ;[yktK j't/rk, bzwhnK

eskoK BjhI bZrDrhnK ns/ pkp{nKeskoK BjhI bZrDrhnK ns/ pkp{nKeskoK BjhI bZrDrhnK ns/ pkp{nKeskoK BjhI bZrDrhnK ns/ pkp{nKeskoK BjhI bZrDrhnK ns/ pkp{nK

d/ XZfenK s'I fBiks fwb/rh.d/ XZfenK s'I fBiks fwb/rh.d/ XZfenK s'I fBiks fwb/rh.d/ XZfenK s'I fBiks fwb/rh.d/ XZfenK s'I fBiks fwb/rh.

fJj :kd oZyDk j't/rk fe Jh-

rtoB?I; ;[Fk;B dk f;o\ wkfXnw j?.

fJj n\;oK dh f}zw/tkoh dk pdb BjhI

pD ;edk ns/ fJ; dh f}zw/tkoh okiBhse

bhvofFg ~ b?Dh gt/rh. BjhI sK fJj

f;o\ B"eoFkjK dh y/v pD e/ ofj ikt/

rh. id fe t;'I dk tZvk fjZ;k nBgVQ

j?, sK fJ; Bt/I gqpzXB ~ bkr{ eoBk

;kohnK ;zpzfXs fXoK bJh u[B"shg{oB

j't/rk.

e[Fb-Fk;B dh Bkrfoe gZyhe[Fb-Fk;B dh Bkrfoe gZyhe[Fb-Fk;B dh Bkrfoe gZyhe[Fb-Fk;B dh Bkrfoe gZyhe[Fb-Fk;B dh Bkrfoe gZyh

fw;kb Lfw;kb Lfw;kb Lfw;kb Lfw;kb L ekog'o/N dh ;[Fk;B dh fJe

BthI XkoBk, fJe BtK ;zebg ;kjwD/ b?

e/ nkJh j? fe i' GkrhdkoK, wsbp

BkrfoeK d/ fjZsK #s/ nkXkfos j? fi; B/

gkodofFsk itkpd/jh ns/ :'rsk nkXkos

gqpzXB, B?fsesk ns/ edoK-ehwsK dh

G{fwek, i' @d{finK bJh fceo# dh GktBk

#s/ nkXkfos j?, ;kjwD/ fbnKdk j?. fJe

edoK-ehwsK #s/ nkXkfos ;z;Ek, f;ZXk

ejhJ/ sK ;oeko, Bk f;o\ b'eK tk;s/

edoK-ehwsK d/ ;zszG ti'I t/yh iKdh j?,

;r'I fJe jK gZyh gjz[u tkbh ejh iKdh

j? i' fJe ;z;Ek nzdo ;fGnkuko fte;s

eodh j? fi; ftu jo w?Ipo t\kdkoh

ns/ ;wogD dh GktBk wfj;{; eodk

j?. fJ; d/ B/sk tZv/ gZXo #s/ ;ztkd

oukT[D bJh f}zw/tko j[zd/ jB sK fe

fttjkoe BhshnK ftu gfoukbB BhshnK

dk ;zuko j' ;e/. ;oeko ns/ iBse

gqpzXB d/ BthBheoB dk wsbp j? ;oeko

dhnK f}zw/tkohnK dh w[V-ftnkfynk. 21thI

;dh dh oki gqDkbh ftu \o}K ns/

f}zw/tkohnK dh ;oeko, tgko ns/ ;wki

ftukb/ g[Bo \zv eoBh j't/rh. fJ; ;G

e[M bJh r[DtZsk fB:zsqD, piN ns/

youk w[yh bkG nkXkfos ni'ehnK gqpzXB

seBheK F[o{ eoBhnK j'DrhnK. GftZy

ftu iBse nfXekohnK ~ iBse ;/tktK

gqdkB eoB bJh Bshik w[yh gj[zu nyfsnko

eoBh j't/rh. iBse gqpzXB ftu p[fBnkdh

spdhbhnK fbnkT[D bJh ni'ek gqpzXB

ns/ Jh-rtoB?I; d' w[Zy X[o/ jB. wzst

j? T[j gqpzXB i' ezw f}nkdk ns/ youk

xZN eo/. Jh-rtow?IN gqki?eN Bk f;o\

iBse J/iz;hnK ns/ nfXekohnK ~ jh

BthI fdFk d/ oj/ jB ;r'I gqpzXeh

gqfefonktK ~ th nkw BkrfoeK bJh j'o

tX/o/ gkodoFh pDk oj/ jB i' ftneshnK

~ j'o f}nkdk itkpd/j pDkT[Id/ jB

e[Fb-Fk;B bJh fGqFNkuko ~e[Fb-Fk;B bJh fGqFNkuko ~e[Fb-Fk;B bJh fGqFNkuko ~e[Fb-Fk;B bJh fGqFNkuko ~e[Fb-Fk;B bJh fGqFNkuko ~

BZE gkT[Dh LBZE gkT[Dh LBZE gkT[Dh LBZE gkT[Dh LBZE gkT[Dh L fJ; uZb ojh uouk s'I

fJj ;k\ j' frnk j? fe r[DtZsk nkXkfos

gqpzXB dh XkoBk fGqFNkuko w[es gqpzXB

gqDkbh #s/ fNeh j'Jh j?.

fBozso ftek; bJh fGqFNkukofBozso ftek; bJh fGqFNkukofBozso ftek; bJh fGqFNkukofBozso ftek; bJh fGqFNkukofBozso ftek; bJh fGqFNkuko

~ o'eD tk;s/ (~ o'eD tk;s/ (~ o'eD tk;s/ (~ o'eD tk;s/ (~ o'eD tk;s/ (i) fGqFN ;[Gkn) fGqFN ;[Gkn) fGqFN ;[Gkn) fGqFN ;[Gkn) fGqFN ;[Gkn

~ o'eD tk;s/ fJ; d/ g?Dk~ o'eD tk;s/ fJ; d/ g?Dk~ o'eD tk;s/ fJ; d/ g?Dk~ o'eD tk;s/ fJ; d/ g?Dk~ o'eD tk;s/ fJ; d/ g?Dk

j'D d/ w"e/ xZN eoB/ j'Dr/j'D d/ w"e/ xZN eoB/ j'Dr/j'D d/ w"e/ xZN eoB/ j'Dr/j'D d/ w"e/ xZN eoB/ j'Dr/j'D d/ w"e/ xZN eoB/ j'Dr/

ns/ iBse nfXekohnK ftuns/ iBse nfXekohnK ftuns/ iBse nfXekohnK ftuns/ iBse nfXekohnK ftuns/ iBse nfXekohnK ftu

itkpd/jh dh GktBk ikfrqs eoBhitkpd/jh dh GktBk ikfrqs eoBhitkpd/jh dh GktBk ikfrqs eoBhitkpd/jh dh GktBk ikfrqs eoBhitkpd/jh dh GktBk ikfrqs eoBh

j't/rh (j't/rh (j't/rh (j't/rh (j't/rh (ii) fGqFNkuko o'e{ ek~BK) fGqFNkuko o'e{ ek~BK) fGqFNkuko o'e{ ek~BK) fGqFNkuko o'e{ ek~BK) fGqFNkuko o'e{ ek~BK

~ ;ysh Bkb bkr{ eoBk j't/rk~ ;ysh Bkb bkr{ eoBk j't/rk~ ;ysh Bkb bkr{ eoBk j't/rk~ ;ysh Bkb bkr{ eoBk j't/rk~ ;ysh Bkb bkr{ eoBk j't/rk

fi; s'I gsk bZr/ fe soe;zrs,fi; s'I gsk bZr/ fe soe;zrs,fi; s'I gsk bZr/ fe soe;zrs,fi; s'I gsk bZr/ fe soe;zrs,fi; s'I gsk bZr/ fe soe;zrs,

fBozso j'D, ;wKpZX scshF ns/fBozso j'D, ;wKpZX scshF ns/fBozso j'D, ;wKpZX scshF ns/fBozso j'D, ;wKpZX scshF ns/fBozso j'D, ;wKpZX scshF ns/

;}k dk gqktXkB j't/, oDBhshnK;}k dk gqktXkB j't/, oDBhshnK;}k dk gqktXkB j't/, oDBhshnK;}k dk gqktXkB j't/, oDBhshnK;}k dk gqktXkB j't/, oDBhshnK

ns/ fGqFNkuko o'e{ T[gktK ~ns/ fGqFNkuko o'e{ T[gktK ~ns/ fGqFNkuko o'e{ T[gktK ~ns/ fGqFNkuko o'e{ T[gktK ~ns/ fGqFNkuko o'e{ T[gktK ~

;ysh Bkb bkr { eoB dh;ysh Bkb bkr { eoB dh;ysh Bkb bkr { eoB dh;ysh Bkb bkr { eoB dh;ysh Bkb bkr { eoB dh

okiBhse fdqVQsk, gqpzXB, ek~BhokiBhse fdqVQsk, gqpzXB, ek~BhokiBhse fdqVQsk, gqpzXB, ek~BhokiBhse fdqVQsk, gqpzXB, ek~BhokiBhse fdqVQsk, gqpzXB, ek~Bh

ns/ ndkbsh T[gktK ~ bkr{ns/ ndkbsh T[gktK ~ bkr{ns/ ndkbsh T[gktK ~ bkr{ns/ ndkbsh T[gktK ~ bkr{ns/ ndkbsh T[gktK ~ bkr{

eoB bJh j/mK s'I Bkrfoe dheoB bJh j/mK s'I Bkrfoe dheoB bJh j/mK s'I Bkrfoe dheoB bJh j/mK s'I Bkrfoe dheoB bJh j/mK s'I Bkrfoe dh

;orow Gkrhdkoh j't/l fJ;;orow Gkrhdkoh j't/l fJ;;orow Gkrhdkoh j't/l fJ;;orow Gkrhdkoh j't/l fJ;;orow Gkrhdkoh j't/l fJ;

soQK iBse ihtB ftu iBsk ~soQK iBse ihtB ftu iBsk ~soQK iBse ihtB ftu iBsk ~soQK iBse ihtB ftu iBsk ~soQK iBse ihtB ftu iBsk ~

fGqFNkuko d/ f]bk\ bkwpzdfGqFNkuko d/ f]bk\ bkwpzdfGqFNkuko d/ f]bk\ bkwpzdfGqFNkuko d/ f]bk\ bkwpzdfGqFNkuko d/ f]bk\ bkwpzd

eoBk j't/rk.eoBk j't/rk.eoBk j't/rk.eoBk j't/rk.eoBk j't/rk.

T[go fdshnK p[fBnkdh FosK s'I

fJbktk, fJ; rZb #s/ }'o fdsk ikDk

ukjhdk j?. fe (i) fJe okFNoh ;zukbB;z;Ek dh ;EkgBk eoBk fGqFNkuko fto'Xh

BhshnK pDkT[D bJh f}zw/tko j't/ (ii)fJe T[uh skesh nk}kd :'r ;z;Ek dh

;EkgBk i' fGqFNkuko d/ wkwfbnK dh

iKu eoe/ ;}k d/D d/ ;woE j't/ (iii)nfij/ wkwfbnK dh ;[DtkJh bJh ftF/F

ndkbsK dh ;EkgBk i' nfij/ wkwfbnK

dh brksko ;[DktJh eoe/ wkwb/ ~

\?;b/ se b? ik ;eD, fpBK fe;/ d/oh s'I

(iv) u'DK ;zpzXh ek~BK ns/ nkofEefB:wK dk g{oh soQK w[V-rmB fi; Bkb

fGqFNkuko eoB dh GktBk ysw j't/.

fJe Y[et/I ek~B dk pDkT[Dk fi; Bkb

e/Ido ns/ oki gZXo #s/ wzsokfbnK ns/


ftGkrK dh frDsh ~ ;hws ehsk ik

;ed/ sK fe okiBhse bkG bJh wzsokfbnK

dk ftek; eoB dh bkb;k ~ mZbQ gkJh

ik ;e/. (v) fGqFNkuko fto'Xh d;fsnK~ T[u gZXoh fGqFNkuko o'e{ f;ybkJh e?"Ig

iK toeFkgK nk:'fis eoe/ Y[ZethI ns/

ftF/F seBheh ;jkfJsk gqdkB eoB dh

}o{os j?. fJ; oDBhsh sfjs nzsookFNoh

s\shFekoK dh wdd Bkb ftd/FK ftu

iwQK ekb/ XB pko/' th gsk bkfJnk ik

;e/rk.

w[dok ;f\sh ns/ T[ùhnK ehwsKw[dok ;f\sh ns/ T[ùhnK ehwsKw[dok ;f\sh ns/ T[ùhnK ehwsKw[dok ;f\sh ns/ T[ùhnK ehwsKw[dok ;f\sh ns/ T[ùhnK ehwsK

~ ekp{ eoBk L~ ekp{ eoBk L~ ekp{ eoBk L~ ekp{ eoBk L~ ekp{ eoBk L FkfJd toswkB FkfJd toswkB FkfJd toswkB FkfJd toswkB FkfJd toswkB

;w/I dh ;G s'I tZvh b'V fBZs;w/I dh ;G s'I tZvh b'V fBZs;w/I dh ;G s'I tZvh b'V fBZs;w/I dh ;G s'I tZvh b'V fBZs;w/I dh ;G s'I tZvh b'V fBZs

tX ojh w[dok ;f\sh #s/ ekp{tX ojh w[dok ;f\sh #s/ ekp{tX ojh w[dok ;f\sh #s/ ekp{tX ojh w[dok ;f\sh #s/ ekp{tX ojh w[dok ;f\sh #s/ ekp{

gkT[Dk j? fi; eoe/ ;kohnKgkT[Dk j? fi; eoe/ ;kohnKgkT[Dk j? fi; eoe/ ;kohnKgkT[Dk j? fi; eoe/ ;kohnKgkT[Dk j? fi; eoe/ ;kohnK

t;sK dhnK ehwsK ftu s/}ht;sK dhnK ehwsK ftu s/}ht;sK dhnK ehwsK ftu s/}ht;sK dhnK ehwsK ftu s/}ht;sK dhnK ehwsK ftu s/}h

Bkb tkXk j' fojk j? ns/ b'eBkb tkXk j' fojk j? ns/ b'eBkb tkXk j' fojk j? ns/ b'eBkb tkXk j' fojk j? ns/ b'eBkb tkXk j' fojk j? ns/ b'e

ftZsh p'M j/m dp/ ik oj/ jB.ftZsh p'M j/m dp/ ik oj/ jB.ftZsh p'M j/m dp/ ik oj/ jB.ftZsh p'M j/m dp/ ik oj/ jB.ftZsh p'M j/m dp/ ik oj/ jB.

fJ; #s/ ekp{ eoB bJh eZuxoVfJ; #s/ ekp{ eoB bJh eZuxoVfJ; #s/ ekp{ eoB bJh eZuxoVfJ; #s/ ekp{ eoB bJh eZuxoVfJ; #s/ ekp{ eoB bJh eZuxoV

T[gktK dh pikfJ fJe fdqVQ ns/T[gktK dh pikfJ fJe fdqVQ ns/T[gktK dh pikfJ fJe fdqVQ ns/T[gktK dh pikfJ fJe fdqVQ ns/T[gktK dh pikfJ fJe fdqVQ ns/

m'; Bhsh pDkT[D dh b'V j?.m'; Bhsh pDkT[D dh b'V j?.m'; Bhsh pDkT[D dh b'V j?.m'; Bhsh pDkT[D dh b'V j?.m'; Bhsh pDkT[D dh b'V j?.

ekb/ XB ~ pkjo fbnkT[Dk Lekb/ XB ~ pkjo fbnkT[Dk Lekb/ XB ~ pkjo fbnkT[Dk Lekb/ XB ~ pkjo fbnkT[Dk Lekb/ XB ~ pkjo fbnkT[Dk L

eo Bhsh ftu ;[XkoK dh b'V Leo Bhsh ftu ;[XkoK dh b'V Leo Bhsh ftu ;[XkoK dh b'V Leo Bhsh ftu ;[XkoK dh b'V Leo Bhsh ftu ;[XkoK dh b'V L

Gkos B/ ekb/ XB ~ p/eBkp eoB dk

fJe BtK fwFB nkozfGnk j?, wsbp T[j

XB fi; #s/ eo ndk BjhI ehsk iKdk.

fJ; pko/ jkb jh ftu fJe tkJhN g/go

ikoh ehsk frnk j? i' ;z;d ftu 21

wJh 2012 ~ g/F ehsk frnk. fJ;

tkJhN g/go d/ Bkb fJe nk}kd ;NZvh,

i' Gkos d/ ekb/ XB dk nzdk}k bkT[D

bJh pDkJh rJh ;h, fJe wkw{bh F[o{nks

j?. Gkos d/ Bhsh xkV/ nyho ~ iBse

s"o s/ T[BQK ewhnK pko/ ;'u ftuko eo

oj/ jB fiBQK eoe/ gfjbK ekbk pk}koh

F[o{ j[zdh j?. T[j skwhbh YKuk fiBQK

eoe/ ;z;kXB iwhBd'} j' iKd/ jB ns/

g[fb; dh Bkekwh i' ;wkBKso noEftt;Ek

~ tXD c[ZbD ftu o'e BjhI gkT[Idh.

;wkgsh fNZgDhnK;wkgsh fNZgDhnK;wkgsh fNZgDhnK;wkgsh fNZgDhnK;wkgsh fNZgDhnK

F k ;B f tu B ? f s es k ns /F k ; B f tu B ? f s es k ns /F k ; B f tu B ? f s es k ns /F k ; B f tu B ? f s es k ns /F k ; B f tu B ? f s es k ns /

JhwkBdkoh :ehBh pDkT[D bJhJhwkBdkoh :ehBh pDkT[D bJhJhwkBdkoh :ehBh pDkT[D bJhJhwkBdkoh :ehBh pDkT[D bJhJhwkBdkoh :ehBh pDkT[D bJh

;G s'I }o{oh j? fe fGqFNkuko;G s'I }o{oh j? fe fGqFNkuko;G s'I }o{oh j? fe fGqFNkuko;G s'I }o{oh j? fe fGqFNkuko;G s'I }o{oh j? fe fGqFNkuko

dk ykswk j't/, gqGkth fB:wdk ykswk j't/, gqGkth fB:wdk ykswk j't/, gqGkth fB:wdk ykswk j't/, gqGkth fB:wdk ykswk j't/, gqGkth fB:w

ekfJd/ iBse ihtB d/ joekfJd/ iBse ihtB d/ joekfJd/ iBse ihtB d/ joekfJd/ iBse ihtB d/ joekfJd/ iBse ihtB d/ jo

gfjb{ #s/ i' n;o nzdk} j[zd/gfjb{ #s/ i' n;o nzdk} j[zd/gfjb{ #s/ i' n;o nzdk} j[zd/gfjb{ #s/ i' n;o nzdk} j[zd/gfjb{ #s/ i' n;o nzdk} j[zd/

jB ns/ ;G s' I wjZstg{oBjB ns/ ;G s' I wjZstg{oBjB ns/ ;G s' I wjZstg{oBjB ns/ ;G s' I wjZstg{oBjB ns/ ;G s' I wjZstg{oB

fJBQK ek~BK ~ ;jh ns/ gqGkthfJBQK ek~BK ~ ;jh ns/ gqGkthfJBQK ek~BK ~ ;jh ns/ gqGkthfJBQK ek~BK ~ ;jh ns/ gqGkthfJBQK ek~BK ~ ;jh ns/ gqGkth

sohe/ Bkb bkr{ eoBk. n?`B ghsohe/ Bkb bkr{ eoBk. n?`B ghsohe/ Bkb bkr{ eoBk. n?`B ghsohe/ Bkb bkr{ eoBk. n?`B ghsohe/ Bkb bkr{ eoBk. n?`B gh

n? `w bfjo B/ ;oekoh you/n? `w bfjo B/ ;oekoh you/n? `w bfjo B/ ;oekoh you/n? `w bfjo B/ ;oekoh you/n? `w bfjo B/ ;oekoh you/

xNkT[D bJh ehs/ ikD tkb/xNkT[D bJh ehs/ ikD tkb/xNkT[D bJh ehs/ ikD tkb/xNkT[D bJh ehs/ ikD tkb/xNkT[D bJh ehs/ ikD tkb/

T[gktK s'I T[giD tkb/ e[ZM B?fseT[gktK s'I T[giD tkb/ e[ZM B?fseT[gktK s'I T[giD tkb/ e[ZM B?fseT[gktK s'I T[giD tkb/ e[ZM B?fseT[gktK s'I T[giD tkb/ e[ZM B?fse

ydfFnK tZb fJFkok ehsk j?ydfFnK tZb fJFkok ehsk j?ydfFnK tZb fJFkok ehsk j?ydfFnK tZb fJFkok ehsk j?ydfFnK tZb fJFkok ehsk j?

fi; sfjs iBse eowukohnKfi; sfjs iBse eowukohnKfi; sfjs iBse eowukohnKfi; sfjs iBse eowukohnKfi; sfjs iBse eowukohnK

dh ;zfynk xNkT[D ns/ ;z;Ekrsdh ;zfynk xNkT[D ns/ ;z;Ekrsdh ;zfynk xNkT[D ns/ ;z;Ekrsdh ;zfynk xNkT[D ns/ ;z;Ekrsdh ;zfynk xNkT[D ns/ ;z;Ekrs

edoK-ehwsK ~ pdbD dh rZbedoK-ehwsK ~ pdbD dh rZbedoK-ehwsK ~ pdbD dh rZbedoK-ehwsK ~ pdbD dh rZbedoK-ehwsK ~ pdbD dh rZb

ehsh iKdh j?.ehsh iKdh j?.ehsh iKdh j?.ehsh iKdh j?.ehsh iKdh j?.

(fBZiheoB #s/ }'o d/D d/ Bkb-Bkb

n?B gh n?w fJ; ;ukJh s'I w{zj BjhI

w'Vdh fe nk]o ~ oki B/ jh gqpzXe dh

f}zw/tkoh fBGkT[Dh j[zdh j?, ;ko/ okiBhse

ns/ gqpzXB dhnK gqfefonktK ~ BkrfoeK

dh ;zs[FNsk, e[Fbsk, gqGkftesk ns/

itkpd/jh ~ fXnkB ftu oZy e/, fJ; ;G

e[M s/ fBrkj oZyD ns/ ekp{ eoB dh

G{fwek fBGkT[Dh gt/rh. n?B gh n?w dk

f;XKs ;oekoh gkodofFsk, T[gG'rsk gZyh

fB:w, ~ T[sFkfjs eodk j? i' ;/tktK ~

m/e/ T[s/ d/D nkfd d/ Bt/I o{gK ~

fdqFNwkB eodk j?. fJj iBse B?fsesk,

]k; eoe/ iBse ;/teK ns/ oki dh

so\'I ;/tktK gqdkB eoB bJh fBZih ns/

m/e/dkoK tb'I oZy/ rJ/ Bt/I nj[d/dkoK #s/

]k; fXnkB e/Idfos eodk j?. nk; j?,

jkb jh ftu nkgDkJ/ rJ/ ;[XkoK dh

bVh ns/ Gkosh gqpzXB ftu gkodofFsk

ns/ itkpd/jh ;Ekfgs eoB bJh

ngDkJhnK oDBhshnK (i?B 2006, gh gh

n?; 39-65) okjhI (i) ez;NhfuT{FB nk\

f;NhiB} ukoNo fJB rtoBw?IN fvgkoNw?IN

(ii) ;{uBk dk nfXeko ek~B 2005 (iii)j/mb/ gZXo se Jh-rtoB?I; dh F[o{nks

ns/ B/V GftZy ftu d{i/ gqpzXeh ;[Xko

efwFB ~ bkr{ eoBk, Fk;B ftu B?fsesk

(2001) i' ;zGkfts gpfbe ;oft; fpb,

ft;b pb'fJzr n?eN, b'egkb n?eN d/

;zdoG ftu j?, s'I gsk brdk j? fe n;hI

T[BQK pjdkoK dh edo eod/ jK i'

fGqFNkuko f]bk\ bVd/ jB ns/ n;hI

fGqFN n\;oK f]bk\ ;ys ekotkJh eoB

bJh fsnko jK, Gkt/I T[j fezB/ th T[u/

nj[d/ #s/ p?m/ j'D. fJ; s'I fJbktk

ftXkBekoK, fBnK gkfbek, ns/ |?o ;oekoh

;zrmBK ftu B?fsesk ~ T[sFkfjs eoB

Bkb ;kvh b'eszsoh ftt;Ek ftu ;[Fk;B

bJh fJe p/jso wkvb ;kjwD/ nk

;e/rk fi; sfjs ;z;d nkgDh ;EkgBk

d/ FkBdko 60 ;kb g{o/ eo u[Zeh j?.

;z;dh gqfefonktK ~ u[;sh gqdkB eoB

bJh Gkos ~ T[BQK okiBhse ns/ nkofEe

;[XkoK dh pj[s fFZds Bkb }o{os j? i'

fJ; d/ ;EkgBk d/ f;XKsK - nk}kdh,

pokpoh ns/ pbhdkB ~ w[V-;[oihs eo

;eD fiBQK dk pkeh d/FK ftu th nB[;oD

ehsk ik ;e/. 17 wJh 2012 ~ Gkos d/

u'D efwFB ns/ fJzNoB?FBb ckT{Iv/FB

cko fJb?eN'ob f;;Nw} B/ b'eszsfoe

gqfefonk ns/ ;[Fk;B ~ d[BhnK Go ftu

c?bkT[D bJh fJe nkg;h ;wM"s/ #s/ ;jh

gkJh. fJ; ;wM"s/ ftu pV/ }'o Bkb

fejk frnk j? fe @@Gkos T[Go oj/

b'eszso bJh fJe ftbZyD wkvb pD

;edk j?, d[BhnK Go d/ u'D gqpzXeK

ftukb/ ;ztkd ouk ;edk j? ns/ b'eszsfoe

edoK-ehwsK ns/ u'DK ;zpzXh w[jkos dk

]}kBk pD ;edk j?.

(b/ye ;kpe vhB, ;wki ftfrnkB ns/

gq'c?;o s/ w[Zyh, okiBhsh ftfrnkB, fdZbh

:{Bhtof;Nh j?.)




ftFth fB:fwsk d/ :[r ftu gqpzXBftFth fB:fwsk d/ :[r ftu gqpzXBftFth fB:fwsk d/ :[r ftu gqpzXBftFth fB:fwsk d/ :[r ftu gqpzXBftFth fB:fwsk d/ :[r ftu gqpzXB

fpi{ gkb npokjwfpi{ gkb npokjwfpi{ gkb npokjwfpi{ gkb npokjwfpi{ gkb npokjw

Ftftnkgh ftZsh ;zeN ns/ fJ;

d/ wkV/ n;oK B/ ;w[Zuh d[BhnK

dhnK ;oekoK ~ fJj nfj;k; eotk

fdsk j? fe T[BQK dk T[sgkd, ftFth ftZs,

wkb n;pkp ns/ ;/tktK d/ pk}ko ftu

gfjbK Bkb'I fes/ tX/o/ n;o g? fojk j?.

g{oh d[BhnK dhnK ;oekoK B/ fJ; wzdh

tZb nkgDh gqfsfefonk ftu skbw/b fpmkT[D

dh e'fFF ehsh j? i' ih-20 fij/ nzso

;oekoh c'owK #s/ ftuko-tNKdo/ okjhI

ehsk ik fojk j?. fiE/ nfij/ skbw/b dk

n;o fJZek-d[Zek jh j[zdk j? go fJBQK

brksko e'fFFK dk ftek;Fhb d/FK d/

gqFk;fBe YKu/ T[go fJe n;o }o{o

j[zdk j? - xo/b{ fB:fwsktK ftu ftFth

fB:fwsktK dk g;ko ns/ fwnkoheoB.

ftFtheoB dh gqfefonk dk g;ko

w[Zy s"o s/ d' ekoBK eoe/ j'fJnk -

;w[Zu/ ftFt ftu tgko ns/ g{zih fBt/F

ftu xN oj/ gqfspzX, ]k; s"o s/ ftek;Fhb

d/FK ftu ns/ seBkb'ih dk s/}h Bkb j'

fojk ftek;, fi; B/ ftFtftnkgh ;/tktK

d/D ~ ;zGt eo fdykfJnk j?. fit/I jh

d[BhnK Go dhnK ;oekoK B/ nkgD/

nzsookFNoh tgko ftu tkXk eoB dh

e'fFF ehsh ns/ nkgDh xo/b{ wzvh ftu

tX/o/ g{zih fBt/F fyZuD dh e'fFF ehsh,

T[BQK B/ tgko ns/ g{zih fBt/F d/ okj

ftu nkT[D tkb/ gqfspzXK ~ pj[s jZd

se xNk fdsk. fiE/ fJ; Bkb fBt/F

bJh g{zih dk ubD tfXnk j?, fJ; Bkb,

e[dosh s"o s/, ;oekoK d/ w[ekpb/ g{zih

fBt/F eoB tkfbnK dh skes ftu tkXk

ehsk j?. ;oekoK ~, fJ; vo s'I fe g{zih

fBt/Fe fe;/ j'o tX/o/ ;j{bs tkb/

d/F ftu nkgDk fBt/F Bk b?D ikD, T[u/

tgkoe gqfspzX oZyD s'I ;ze'u j'D bZrk.

nkgD/ noEszso bJh tX/o/ g{zih fBt/F

fyZuD bJh T[BQK tb'I xo/b{ fB:fwsktK

ns/ ftFth fB:fwsktK ftu skbw/b

fpmkT[Dk d/yD ~ fwfbnk. eJh tko

;oekoK fB:fwsktK xNkT[D bJh nkg;

ftu Neok th iKdhnK jB iK T[BQK dk

d{;o/ d/FK Bkb skbw/b fpmkT[IdhnK jB

fi; Bkb nfij/ jkbks g?dk j' iKd/ jB

fiE/ eJh fB:fwsktK, i' okFNoh ;zdoG

ftu xo/b{ T[sgkde iK T[gG'rsk dk

\kfJdk eodhnK jB iK sK jNk fdshnK

rJhnK jB iK tZX s'I tZX sowhwK

ehshnK rJhnK jB.

ftFtheoB d/ j'o th wkV/ n;o

jB, gbhsh ns/ tksktoB ngtosB dk

n;o y/so ns/ eJh tko T[; s'I th nZr/

okFNoh ;ojZdK gko fdykJh fdzdk j?.

tX/o/ ftFth ;co BthnK phwkohnK d/

s/}h Bkb c?bD dk ekoB pDdk j?.

nfijhnK ftFth ;wZf;nktK d/ jZb th

;w[Zu/ ftFt ftu eoB dh b'V j[zdh j?

ns/ nfij/ jZb nkw s"o s/ ftFth gZXo

#s/ tX/o/ skbw/b Bkb jh ehs/ ik ;ed/

jB.

;[w/b ns/ T[; dk n;o;[w/b ns/ T[; dk n;o;[w/b ns/ T[; dk n;o;[w/b ns/ T[; dk n;o;[w/b ns/ T[; dk n;o

Gkt/I ftFth fB:fwsktK e'Jh BthI

rZb BjhI j? go jkb jh d/ ;kbK ftu

fJ; dk n;o pj[s tX frnk j?. tgko,

g{zih fBt/F, p?Ifezr, tksktoB, f;js ns/

p"fXe ;zgdk nfXeko fij/ ftfGzB y/soK

ftu ;oekoK B/ ftFth fwnko ngDk bJ/

jB i' fco xo/b{ s"o s/ th bkr{ ehs/

iKd/ jB. Gkt ;[w/b d/ bkG th jB go

fJ; dh ehws u[ekT[Dh g?Idh j?. ftFth

fwnko eJh tko xo/b{ cowK tb'I pkjoh

pk}koK se gj[zu j'D ftu nfVZek pDd/

jB, xo/b{ wkoehN ftu w[ekpbk tXk

fdzd/ jB ns/ eJh tko }o{oh t;sK

dhnK ehwsK tXk e/ xo/b{ T[gG'rsktK

dh gj[zu s'I pkjo eo fdzd/ jB. fJ;

soQK g{oh d[BhnK ftu fB:fwsktK dk

ftFtheoB gqFk;fBe gqDkbhnK T[go

tX/o/ f}zw/tkoh gkT[Idk j?. ftek;Fhb d/FK

d/ gqpzXeK ;kjwD/ d' fe;w dhnK u[B"shnK

jB - Bk f;o\ T[BQK ~ okFNoh ;zdoG

ftu ftFth fB:fwsktK d/ n;o ~ ;wMD

dh b'V j[zdh j? ;r'I T[BK tb'I okFNoh

gqFk;fBe wFhBoh dh fte;s eoB dh

}o{os j[zdh j? sK i' nfijhnK ftFth

fB:fwsktK d/ efbnkDekoh tZNk bZrD

tkb/ n;oK ~ xZN ehsk ik ;e/. ftFth

ftZs ;zeN B/ ;w[Zuh d[BhnK ~ fJj

wfj;{; eotk fdsk j? fe ftFthfeqs

d[BhnK ftu th ftFtheoB d/ c/b j'

ikD dh ;{os ftu j'D tkb/ n;oK Bkb

BfiZmD bJh xo/b{ BhshnK pj[s wjZstg{oB

jB.

;hs :[ZX d/ yksw/ s'I pknd fB:fwsktK

d/ ;[w/b dk d"o tX fojk j?. g{oph

ftftftftft


pbke d/ YfjY/oh j' ikD s'I pknd

noEszsoK ftu nkT[D tkb/ y[ZbQ/gB Bkb,

i' T[; t/b/ se ;[oZfynk dhnK dhtkoK

fgZS/ ;[oZfyns oZy/ ik oj/ ;B, ftFth

tgko ns/ g{zih fBt/F ftu pj[s tkXk

j'fJnk. fJ; Bkb pj[-d/Fh ;z;EkBK dh

G{fwek th pj[s tX rJh fiBQK ~ ftFth

tgko ns/ tksktoB ns/ ftZsh fB:fwsktK

fte;s eoB bJh f}zw/tkoh fdsh rJh

;h. fJ; ;zdoG ftu, 1995 ftu ftFt

tgko ;z;EkB dh ;EkgBk fJe T[xk whb

gZEo ;h.

gfjb/ r?N ;wM"s/ ~, fi; sfjsgfjb/ r?N ;wM"s/ ~, fi; sfjsgfjb/ r?N ;wM"s/ ~, fi; sfjsgfjb/ r?N ;wM"s/ ~, fi; sfjsgfjb/ r?N ;wM"s/ ~, fi; sfjs

T[; t/b/ se T[sgkds t;sKT[; t/b/ se T[sgkds t;sKT[; t/b/ se T[sgkds t;sKT[; t/b/ se T[sgkds t;sKT[; t/b/ se T[sgkds t;sK

T[`go pzdFK Bkb jh ;zpzfXs ;h,T[`go pzdFK Bkb jh ;zpzfXs ;h,T[`go pzdFK Bkb jh ;zpzfXs ;h,T[`go pzdFK Bkb jh ;zpzfXs ;h,T[`go pzdFK Bkb jh ;zpzfXs ;h,

dk g;ko tXk e/ fJe ftFthdk g;ko tXk e/ fJe ftFthdk g;ko tXk e/ fJe ftFthdk g;ko tXk e/ fJe ftFthdk g;ko tXk e/ fJe ftFth

pj[-d/Fh tgko ;z;EkB ftu pdbpj[-d/Fh tgko ;z;EkB ftu pdbpj[-d/Fh tgko ;z;EkB ftu pdbpj[-d/Fh tgko ;z;EkB ftu pdbpj[-d/Fh tgko ;z;EkB ftu pdb

fdsk frnk fi; sfjs ;/tktKfdsk frnk fi; sfjs ;/tktKfdsk frnk fi; sfjs ;/tktKfdsk frnk fi; sfjs ;/tktKfdsk frnk fi; sfjs ;/tktK

ftu tgko ns/ tgko ;zp zXhftu tgko ns/ tgko ;zp zXhftu tgko ns/ tgko ;zp zXhftu tgko ns/ tgko ;zp zXhftu tgko ns/ tgko ;zp zXh

y/soK ftu xo/b{ ekfJd/ ek~By/soK ftu xo/b{ ekfJd/ ek~By/soK ftu xo/b{ ekfJd/ ek~By/soK ftu xo/b{ ekfJd/ ek~By/soK ftu xo/b{ ekfJd/ ek~B

fbnKd/ rJ/, fit/ I fe p"fXefbnKd/ rJ/, fit/ I fe p"fXefbnKd/ rJ/, fit/ I fe p"fXefbnKd/ rJ/, fit/ I fe p"fXefbnKd/ rJ/, fit/ I fe p"fXe

ik fJdkd nfXeko ns / g z { i hi k fJdkd nfXeko ns / g z { i hi k fJdkd nfXeko ns / g z { i hi k fJdkd nfXeko ns / g z { i hi k fJdkd nfXeko ns / g z { i h

fBt/F. ;/tktK d/ tgko ftufBt/F. ;/tktK d/ tgko ftufBt/F. ;/tktK d/ tgko ftufBt/F. ;/tktK d/ tgko ftufBt/F. ;/tktK d/ tgko ftu

nkw ;wM"s/ B/ ;w[ Zuh d[BhnKnkw ;wM"s/ B/ ;w[ Zuh d[BhnKnkw ;wM"s/ B/ ;w[ Zuh d[BhnKnkw ;wM"s/ B/ ;w[ Zuh d[BhnKnkw ;wM"s/ B/ ;w[ Zuh d[BhnK

ftu ;/tktK d/ y/so ~ y'bQftu ;/tktK d/ y/so ~ y'bQftu ;/tktK d/ y/so ~ y'bQftu ;/tktK d/ y/so ~ y'bQftu ;/tktK d/ y/so ~ y'bQ

fdsk. p"fXe ikfJdkd nfXekofdsk. p"fXe ikfJdkd nfXekofdsk. p"fXe ikfJdkd nfXekofdsk. p"fXe ikfJdkd nfXekofdsk. p"fXe ikfJdkd nfXeko

;wM"s/ dhnK tgko ;zpzXh wdK;wM"s/ dhnK tgko ;zpzXh wdK;wM"s/ dhnK tgko ;zpzXh wdK;wM"s/ dhnK tgko ;zpzXh wdK;wM"s/ dhnK tgko ;zpzXh wdK

(NfoZg;) B/ ftek;Fhb d/FK ftu(NfoZg;) B/ ftek;Fhb d/FK ftu(NfoZg;) B/ ftek;Fhb d/FK ftu(NfoZg;) B/ ftek;Fhb d/FK ftu(NfoZg;) B/ ftek;Fhb d/FK ftu

p"fXe ikfJdkd nfXeko ~ ;[oZfynkp"fXe ikfJdkd nfXeko ~ ;[oZfynkp"fXe ikfJdkd nfXeko ~ ;[oZfynkp"fXe ikfJdkd nfXeko ~ ;[oZfynkp"fXe ikfJdkd nfXeko ~ ;[oZfynk

gqdkB ehsh. tgko ;zpzXh g{zihgqdkB ehsh. tgko ;zpzXh g{zihgqdkB ehsh. tgko ;zpzXh g{zihgqdkB ehsh. tgko ;zpzXh g{zihgqdkB ehsh. tgko ;zpzXh g{zih

fBt/F, fBt/F ;zpzXh fB:fwsktKfBt/F, fBt/F ;zpzXh fB:fwsktKfBt/F, fBt/F ;zpzXh fB:fwsktKfBt/F, fBt/F ;zpzXh fB:fwsktKfBt/F, fBt/F ;zpzXh fB:fwsktK

~ Bow eoBk j? ns/ T[BQK ~~ Bow eoBk j? ns/ T[BQK ~~ Bow eoBk j? ns/ T[BQK ~~ Bow eoBk j? ns/ T[BQK ~~ Bow eoBk j? ns/ T[BQK ~

ftd/Fh cowK tb'I xo/b{ wzvhnKftd/Fh cowK tb'I xo/b{ wzvhnKftd/Fh cowK tb'I xo/b{ wzvhnKftd/Fh cowK tb'I xo/b{ wzvhnKftd/Fh cowK tb'I xo/b{ wzvhnK

ftu g{zih fBt/F eoB bJh nk;kBftu g{zih fBt/F eoB bJh nk;kBftu g{zih fBt/F eoB bJh nk;kBftu g{zih fBt/F eoB bJh nk;kBftu g{zih fBt/F eoB bJh nk;kB

pDkT[Dk j?.pDkT[Dk j?.pDkT[Dk j?.pDkT[Dk j?.pDkT[Dk j?.

tgko ftu w[Zb d/ Bkb-Bkb, feos

ns/ tksktoB BhshnK T[go th tX/o/ }'o

fdsk frnk. Gkt/I ftek;Fhb d/FK B/ fJ;

dk ekw:kp sohe/ fto'X ehsk go fco

th nzsookFNoh tgko fB:fwsktK ftu

tksktoB ns/ feos d/ xZN s'I xZN

fwnko doi eoB dh gfjb ehsh rJh.

tksktoB d/ y/so ftu, feUN' gq'N'e'b

r?; fBek; xNkT[D bJh, nfij/ fBek;K

d/ Nhu/ fwE e/ eoBk fJe ;z:[es ftFth

e'fFF ;h. Gkt/I fJj T[BQK T[go e'Jh

pzXB BjhI ;h go fco th Gkos fij/ eJh

ftek;Fhb d/FK B/ rohB jkT{; r?;

fBek; d/ nkgD/ jh Nhu/ fwE fds/ jB i'

ftFth e'fFFK nB[;ko jB. nzsookFNoh

ftZsh ;z;EkBK fit/I fe nzsookFNoh ;wM"fsnK

bJh ftFt p?Ie B/ th w?Ipo d/FK ftu

p?IeK bJh ek\h g{zih ns/ T[BQK dhnK

okythnK b'VK bJh ekfJd/ ek~B pDkT[D/

F[o{ eo fds/ jB.

fJ; ftu e'Jh FZe BjhI fe Bhsh

d/ tX/o/ ;[w/b B/ ftFth tgko ns/ g{zih

fBt/F ftu tkXk ehsk j? go ;[w/b d/

fwnko fwED dh gqfefonk ns/ ;[w/b d/

n;o pko/ \?;bk eoB pko/ v{zxh fuzsk

j?. ftFth ;wM"fsnK bJh rZbpks dh

gqfefonk T[; Bkb'I fpbe[b fGzB j? fi;

okjhI okFNoh ek~B pDkJ/ iKd/ jB.

nfij/ ;wM"s/ ;oekoh B[wkfJzfdnK tb'I

nzsookFNoh ;z;EkBK Bkb rZbpks okjhI

B/go/ uVQkJ/ iKd/ jB ns/ nkw s"o s/

fi; soQK xo/b{ ek~B ftuko-tNKdo/ ns/

gVu'b ftu'I bzxd/ jB, T[j T[E/ BjhI

j[zdk. pj[s ;ko/ d/FK ftu, Gkos ;w/s

nzsookFNoh ;wM"s/ i' ;oekoK tb'I ftuko-

tNKdo/ ehs/ iKd/ jB ns/ ;jh ehs/ iKd/

jB, bkr{ j'D s'I gfjbK okFNoh ftXkB

wzvbK tb'I wB}{o ehs/ ikD/ }o{oh BjhI

j[zd/. fJ; Bkb nfij/ ;wM"fsnK dh

gqwkfDesk T[go th fuzsk j'D brdh j?.

eJh nzsookFNoh ;wM"fsnK dk

xo/b{ s"o s/ nfijk efbnkDekoh xNkT{

n;o BjhI j[zdk i' g{oh d[BhnK ftu

;oekoK BfiZmD ftu efmBkJh wfj;{;

eoB. T[dkjoD ti'I, p"fXe ;zgdk nfXekoK

pko/ ;wM"s/ dk tgko ;zpzXh w[ZfdnK B/

ftek;Fhb d/FK ftu cowK okjhI g/N?IN

dtkJhnK dhnK gqiksh fe;wK pDkT[D ~

pj[s f}nkdk w[Ffeb pDk fdsk j?.

fJ; ;wM"s/ ftu e'Jh nfijh wd BjhI j?

i' T[BQK d/FK ~ i' okFNoh f;js ;zeNK

Bkb i{M oj/ j[zd/ jB, dtkJhnK se

gj[zu :ehBh pDkT[D bJh g/N?IN ekfJd/

ek~BK dk gko gk ;eD. T[BQK ~ ne;o

pj[s ;ko/ nzsookFNoh ekfJd/ ek~BK

Bkb ;wM"sk eoBk g?Idk j? sK i' fJj

:ehBh j' ;e/ fe nfij/ fe;/ th ekoi

Bkb d{;o/ d/F pdb/ dh GktBk Bkb

pzdFK Bk brk d/D. fit/I-fit/I d[BhnK

ftu tZX s'I tZX d/F y/soh tgko ;wM"s/

eod/ jB, T[j ne;o tksktoB fwnko

ns/ feos fwnkoK d/ y/so ftu fonkfJsK

d/D bJh dpkn j/m nk iKd/ jB i'

xo/b{ T[d:'r ns/ feoshnK d/ jZeK ~

B[e;kB gj[zukT[Id/ jB.

gqFk;fBe ;woEk dk ;[XkogqFk;fBe ;woEk dk ;[XkogqFk;fBe ;woEk dk ;[XkogqFk;fBe ;woEk dk ;[XkogqFk;fBe ;woEk dk ;[Xko

ftFth fB:fwsktK d/ ;[w/b d/ n;o

s'I ;[Gkte ;tkb T[mdk j? fe T[Go

dhnK u[B"shnK Bkb ftek;Fhb d/FK dh

;woEk fe; soQK BfiZm/. gqFk;B d/ fszB

gfjb{ jB fiBQK okjhI GftZy ftu nkT[D

tkbhnK u[B"shnK ~ gqFk;fBe wFhBoh

okjhI tX/o/ ekoro Yzr Bkb BfiZfmnk ik

;edk j? - ;woEk tXkT[Dk, frnkB dk

tX/o/ uzrk gqpzXB ns/ ;EkBe fuzsktK

tZb tX/o/ fXnkB.

seBkb'ih dk s/}h Bkb j' fojk

ftek; nkw s"o s/ BthI fte;s j' ojh

seBkb'ih d/ n;oK d/ Bkb ;oekoK dh

;woEk BjhI fte;s j[zdh ns/ T[j nfij/

edw T[mk b?IdhnK jB fe T[BQK seBkb'ihnK

~ iBse GbkJh bJh fB:wpX ehsk

ikt/. iht ftfrnkB ftu pj[s s/}h Bkb

j' fojk ftek;, phwkohnK d/ fJbki ftu

fJe s/} bfjo tKr w"e/ g?dk eodk j?

go Bkb-Bkb tZvhnK fJybkeh fuzsktK th

g?dk eodk j?. ;zuko seBkb'ih dk

ftek; ;{uBk se gj[zu pj[s s/}h Bkb


fte;s eodk j? go god/ ftu oZyD

pko/ th fuzsk g?dk eodk j?. T{oik

seBkb'ih dk ftek;, fit/I fe F/b r?; ~

Xosh ftu'I S/e eo e/ ib-Fesh gqDkbh

okjhI s'V e/ eZYD d/ y/so ftu jkb

dhnK gfjbK B/ nktkikJh d/ y/so ftu

s/b d/ pdbkT[ d/ s"o s/ T{oik ;o's

dhnK ;zGktBktK g?dk ehshnK jB go

fJ; Bkb tksktoB T[go j'D tkb/ n;o

dh th fuzsk g?dk ehsh j?. seBkb'ih d/

tZy-tZy y/soK ftu fJBQK xNBktK Bkb

;oekoK tb'I Y[ethnK fB:fwsktK ekfJw

eoB dk ;tkb th yVQk ehsk j?. fJBQK

Bhsh fBoXkoBK dk Bk f;o\ okFNoh

gZXo #s/ ;r'I ftFth gZXo #s/ th skbw/b

eoB dh b'V j[zdh j?. go i/ fB:fwsktK

B/ n;odko j'Dk j? sK fJBQK ~ seBkb'ih

ftek; dh ukb Bkb w/b oZyDk j't/rk

ns/ fJ; ekoi bJh gqFk;fBe gqDkbhnK

~ tX/o/ ekpb ;woEk fte;s eoB dh

b'V j?. seBkb'ih dh :'iBkpzdh ns/ T[;

pko/ GftZypkDh eoB bJh w[ZY s'I fefonkFhb

fB:fwsktK pj[s wjZstg{oB jB. ;oekoh

n\;o i' ftFth fB:fwsktK fsnko eoB

d/ ftuko-tNKdo/ ftu Fkfwb j[zd/ jB,

T[BQK bJh seBkb'ih ftu j' oj/ ftek;

ns/ T[; d/ n;o pko/ Y[ethI ikDekoh

jk;b eoBk pj[s }o{oh j?.

seBkb'ih ftek; dh GftZypkDh eoB

ns/ T[; dk w[ZbzeD eoB bJh tZy-tZy

;z;EkB jB go ;oeko d/ tZy-tZy ftGkr

i' seBkb'ih fB:fwsktK Bkb ;zpzfXs jB,

T[BQK ftu skbw/b dh ewh j?. nkw s"o

s/ fB:fwsk seBkb'ih fte;s j'D d/

pj[s pknd ftu nkT[Idh j?. fB:fwsk

ns/ GftZypkDh ftu tX/o/ skbw/b Bkb

fB:fwsktK tb'I seBkb'ih ftek; dh ukb

Bkb w/b ykDk :ehBh j' ikt/rk fi;

Bkb g{zih fBt/Fe ns/ T[gG'rsk d'jK

bJh tX/o/ w}p{s tksktoB fwb/rk fJ;

skbw/b bJh e'Jh tZv/ gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK

iK ukb{ fB:zfsqs YKu/ ftu p[fBnkdh

spdhbhnK dh b'V BjhI j[zdh. ;KM/

ezwekih ro[ZgK okjhI fiBQK ftu f;tb

nfXekoh ns/ seBheh ;z;EkB Fkfwb j'D

i' ftF/F y/soK ftu seBkb'ih ftek; dh

GftZypkDh eoB dh e'fFF eoB ns/ T[BQK

;zGktBktK d/ j'D tkb/ fB:zfsqs n;oK #s/

th ftuko eoB. tX/o/ n;odko fB:zsqD

bJh e[M ]k; ;w/I se tZy-tZy ftGkrK

ftu ftfrnkBhnK tb'I FkfJd ;oekoh

nfXekohnK dh wdd dh b'V j't/. fJ;

bJh ;oeko d/ tZy-tZy ftGkrK d/

eowukohnK ~ i' seBheh ;z;EkBK ftu

ezw eo oj/ jB Gkt/I T[j d/F ftu j'D

iK ftd/FK ftu, nfij/ seBkb'ih ftek;

s'I ikD{ eotkT[Dk j't/rk fi; dk fB:zsqD

T[go n;o g?Idk j?.

frnkB gqpzXB fJe j'o nfijkfrnkB gqpzXB fJe j'o nfijkfrnkB gqpzXB fJe j'o nfijkfrnkB gqpzXB fJe j'o nfijkfrnkB gqpzXB fJe j'o nfijk

y/so j? fi; T[go tX/o/ stZi'Iy/so j? fi; T[go tX/o/ stZi'Iy/so j? fi; T[go tX/o/ stZi'Iy/so j? fi; T[go tX/o/ stZi'Iy/so j? fi; T[go tX/o/ stZi'I

dh b'V j?. fgSb/ ;fwnK ftudh b'V j?. fgSb/ ;fwnK ftudh b'V j?. fgSb/ ;fwnK ftudh b'V j?. fgSb/ ;fwnK ftudh b'V j?. fgSb/ ;fwnK ftu

id'I seBkb'ih ftek; dh rshid'I seBkb'ih ftek; dh rshid'I seBkb'ih ftek; dh rshid'I seBkb'ih ftek; dh rshid'I seBkb'ih ftek; dh rsh

wZXw ;h sK ;oeko d/ tZy-tZywZXw ;h sK ;oeko d/ tZy-tZywZXw ;h sK ;oeko d/ tZy-tZywZXw ;h sK ;oeko d/ tZy-tZywZXw ;h sK ;oeko d/ tZy-tZy

ftGkrK d/ g qFk;fBe nfij/ftGkrK d/ g qFk;fBe nfij/ftGkrK d/ g qFk;fBe nfij/ftGkrK d/ g qFk;fBe nfij/ftGkrK d/ g qFk;fBe nfij/

seBkb'ih T[`Bsh d/ n;o ;wMDseBkb'ih T[`Bsh d/ n;o ;wMDseBkb'ih T[`Bsh d/ n;o ;wMDseBkb'ih T[`Bsh d/ n;o ;wMDseBkb'ih T[`Bsh d/ n;o ;wMD

bJh wkjoK dh wdd b?Id/ ;B.bJh wkjoK dh wdd b?Id/ ;B.bJh wkjoK dh wdd b?Id/ ;B.bJh wkjoK dh wdd b?Id/ ;B.bJh wkjoK dh wdd b?Id/ ;B.

fco T[j T[; Bkb Y[ethI Bhshfco T[j T[; Bkb Y[ethI Bhshfco T[j T[; Bkb Y[ethI Bhshfco T[j T[; Bkb Y[ethI Bhshfco T[j T[; Bkb Y[ethI Bhsh

pDkT[Id/ ;B sK i' spdhbh p[o/pDkT[Id/ ;B sK i' spdhbh p[o/pDkT[Id/ ;B sK i' spdhbh p[o/pDkT[Id/ ;B sK i' spdhbh p[o/pDkT[Id/ ;B sK i' spdhbh p[o/

gqGktK d/ n;o ~ xZN s'I xZNgqGktK d/ n;o ~ xZN s'I xZNgqGktK d/ n;o ~ xZN s'I xZNgqGktK d/ n;o ~ xZN s'I xZNgqGktK d/ n;o ~ xZN s'I xZN

eoBk :ehBh pDk ;eD. goeoBk :ehBh pDk ;eD. goeoBk :ehBh pDk ;eD. goeoBk :ehBh pDk ;eD. goeoBk :ehBh pDk ;eD. go

s/} rsh seBkb'ih pdbkT[ dhs/} rsh seBkb'ih pdbkT[ dhs/} rsh seBkb'ih pdbkT[ dhs/} rsh seBkb'ih pdbkT[ dhs/} rsh seBkb'ih pdbkT[ dh

;{os ftu seBkb'ih tksktoB;{os ftu seBkb'ih tksktoB;{os ftu seBkb'ih tksktoB;{os ftu seBkb'ih tksktoB;{os ftu seBkb'ih tksktoB

ftu spdhbhnK dk ;wK pj[sftu spdhbhnK dk ;wK pj[sftu spdhbhnK dk ;wK pj[sftu spdhbhnK dk ;wK pj[sftu spdhbhnK dk ;wK pj[s

wjZstg{oB j?. i/ gqfsfefonk ~wjZstg{oB j?. i/ gqfsfefonk ~wjZstg{oB j?. i/ gqfsfefonk ~wjZstg{oB j?. i/ gqfsfefonk ~wjZstg{oB j?. i/ gqfsfefonk ~

n;odko d/yDk j? sK T[; ~n;odko d/yDk j? sK T[; ~n;odko d/yDk j? sK T[; ~n;odko d/yDk j? sK T[; ~n;odko d/yDk j? sK T[; ~

gqFk;eK tb'I s[ozs nwb ftugqFk;eK tb'I s[ozs nwb ftugqFk;eK tb'I s[ozs nwb ftugqFk;eK tb'I s[ozs nwb ftugqFk;eK tb'I s[ozs nwb ftu

fbnkT[Dk gt/rk. s/}h Bkb ehshfbnkT[Dk gt/rk. s/}h Bkb ehshfbnkT[Dk gt/rk. s/}h Bkb ehshfbnkT[Dk gt/rk. s/}h Bkb ehshfbnkT[Dk gt/rk. s/}h Bkb ehsh

gqfsfeonk i/ n;odko j'Dh j?gqfsfeonk i/ n;odko j'Dh j?gqfsfeonk i/ n;odko j'Dh j?gqfsfeonk i/ n;odko j'Dh j?gqfsfeonk i/ n;odko j'Dh j?

sK T[; bJh b'VhIdh ;{uBk dhsK T[; bJh b'VhIdh ;{uBk dhsK T[; bJh b'VhIdh ;{uBk dhsK T[; bJh b'VhIdh ;{uBk dhsK T[; bJh b'VhIdh ;{uBk dh

}o{os j?.}o{os j?.}o{os j?.}o{os j?.}o{os j?.

frnkB gqpzXB gqDkbhnK gqFk;eK d/

jZE ftu b'VhIdh ikDekoh d/D dk fJe

n;odko }ohnk jB. frnkB gqpzXB

gqDkbhnK ftu ;z;EkB T[BQK ftu tZy-tZy

gZXo #s/ T[gbpX frnkB dh tos'I ;wZf;nktK

d/ ftF/F gfjb{nK d/ jZb bJh eod/ jB

i' T[E/ g/F nkT[IdhnK jB. tZvhnK gqFk;eh

gqDkbhnK ;wZf;nktK Bkb BfiZmD ns/

T[BQK d/ jZb d/ frnkB dk Gzvko jB.

nkw s"o s/ nfijk frnkB fe;/ ftneshrs

gqFk;fBe iK tZX s'I tZX fe;/ fJe ;oekoh

ftGkr e'b, fpBK nfijh ;{uBk ;oeko

d/ d{;o/ gZXoK bJh T[gbpX j'D d/ i'

nfij/ frnkB ~ bkGekoh wzBd/ jB, ofj

iKdk j?. gqFk;eK tb'I nkgDk ftF/F

jkbsK Bkb fBgND dk frnkB d{finK

Bkb e'v okjhI ;KMk eoB ~ T[sFkj

d/Dk ukjhdk j? i' pknd ftu d{;fonK

dh gj[zu ftu th nk ikDk ukjhdk j?.

frnkB gqpzXB gqDkbhnK ;{uBk iK ftF/ d/

ikDekoK se gjz[u eotk ;edhnK jB i'

gqFk;eK ~ T[BQK ;kjwD/ nk ojhnK

;wZf;nktK dk jZb bZGD bJh ;jh

fdFk fdyk ;edhnK jB.

fiE/ fB:zsqD dk tX/o/ fwnkoheoB

ns/ ftFtheoB j' fojk j?, nkw s"o s/

nfij/ fB:zsqD dk n;o ;EkBe s"o s/

wfj;{; ehsk iKdk j?. fJe' fB:zsqD

YKuk tZy-tZy ;zpzfXs fXoK T[go tZy-tZy

n;o eo ;edk j? fit/I fe F/b r?;

bJh ib-Fesh Bkb s'VBk fi; Bkb

T[dkjoD ti'I, fJe y/so ftu G{wh d/

gkDh dh gZXo pko/ fuzsk j' ;edh j? go

d{i/ y/so fuzsk }whBh ti{d dh j' ;edh

j?. FkfJd tgko s'I gkpzdhnK jNkT[D

Bkb fe;/ fJe y/so ftu S'N/ ns/

dofwnkB/ doi/ d/ T[d:'r T[go n;o g?

;edk j? id fe fJj d{i/ y/so ftu

;/tk y/so dhnK cowK ~ bkG gj[zuk

;edk j?. tksktoB d/ ;ys fwnko

nfij/ y/soK ftu bkr{ j' ;ed/ jB i'

pj[s nfXe T[d:'rheoB j' oZy/ jB ns/

pkeh ;\k 21 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 21 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 21 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 21 T[`s/pkeh ;\k 21 T[`s/



eh gqFk;fBe ;/tktK d/ gqpzX ftu ndkbsh d]b dh b'V ;h<eh gqFk;fBe ;/tktK d/ gqpzX ftu ndkbsh d]b dh b'V ;h<eh gqFk;fBe ;/tktK d/ gqpzX ftu ndkbsh d]b dh b'V ;h<eh gqFk;fBe ;/tktK d/ gqpzX ftu ndkbsh d]b dh b'V ;h<eh gqFk;fBe ;/tktK d/ gqpzX ftu ndkbsh d]b dh b'V ;h<

Nh n?; nko ;[pokwBhnBNh n?; nko ;[pokwBhnBNh n?; nko ;[pokwBhnBNh n?; nko ;[pokwBhnBNh n?; nko ;[pokwBhnB

gqFk;fBe ;/tktK bJh T[ ` fusg qFk;fBe ;/tktK bJh T[ ` fusg qFk;fBe ;/tktK bJh T[ ` fusg qFk;fBe ;/tktK bJh T[ ` fusg qFk;fBe ;/tktK bJh T[ ` fus

gqpzXB dh b'VgqpzXB dh b'VgqpzXB dh b'VgqpzXB dh b'VgqpzXB dh b'V

Gkos ;oeko ;w/s fJ; sZE ~

ftnkge gZXo #s/ gqrNkfJnk frnk j? fe

wkV/ Yzr Bkb bkr{ ehs/ ikD ns/

ew}'o fBrokBh B/ ;oekoh BhshnK ns/

gq'rokwK d/ gqGkt ~ Ykj bkJh j? ns/

fJBQK ~ ew}'o ehsk j?. gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK

pko/ d{i/ efwFB B/ wzfBnk fe @][Fjkbh

s/ pokpoh dh sKx ftu gqFk;B fJe

ew}'o eVh j?.# d;thI gzi ;kbk :'iBk

ftu fejk frnk j? fe @b'eK dh GbkJh

pj[s jZd se iBse ;g[odrh f;bf;b/

s/ ekoie[Fbsk #s/ fBoGo eodh j?.

@;op'sw ftT[Is# th sK jh ekoro j'

;e/rh i/ fJ; ~ Y[ethI soQK bkr{ ehsk

ikt/. ;ko/ iBse ndkfonK ftu

ekoie[Fbsk s/ itkpd/jh jh d/F dhnK

tZvhnK ;zGktBktK dk bkjk b?D ns/

brksko ;wkfie soZeh dh e[zih j?.##

ew}'o gqFk;B B/ ekor[}koh T[go wkVk

n;o gkfJnk j? ns/ ftZfdnk, iBse

f;js fij/ nfjw y/soK ;w/s eJh nfs

wjZssk tkb/ jbfenK ftu ngqtkB :'r

wkV/ Bshi/ fwb/, fi; ekoB nzsookFNoh

gZXo #s/ ;kvh wkVh doi/pzdh ehsh rJh.

;oekoh BhshnK ns/ gq'rokwK ~

bkr{ eoB dh f}zw/tkoh gZeh b'e gqFk;B

;/tk T[go j'D ekoB fJ; ewh dk ekoB

th f;ZX/ s"o s/ gqFk;fBe ;/tk nfXekohnK

~ jh fwfEnk ik ;edk j?. Bshi/ jk;b

eoB ftu brksko Bkekwh ;gZFN o{g

ftu fJjh do;kT[Idh j? fe jo n;cbsk

fgSb/ w{b ekoB wkV/ gqFk;B eoe/ ;ehw

~ ;jh soQK bkr{ Bk ehs/ ikDk j?. fJ;

bJh gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK bJh }o{oh j? fe

gfjbK f;tb ;/tk ;[Xko d/ w[Zd/ #s/

fXnkB e/Idfos ehsk ikt/, i' fe nZr'I

gq'rokwK ~ bkr{ ehs/ ikD ns/ ;/tk

w[jZJhnk eokT[D d/ ;ko/ gZyK ~ n;onzdk}

eodk j?.

e/Idoh ns/ oki ;oekoK d'jK B/

eJh ew/NhnK fpmkJhnK fiBQK nfXn?B

T[gozs gqFk;B ns/ f;tb ;/tk ;[Xko

bJh f;\koFK fdshnK. fJBQK ;kohnK

ew/NhnK B/ B"eoFkjh ~ pkjoh dpkn s'I

;[oZfyns ehs/ ikD ns/ nk}kdkBk Yzr

Bkb ezw eoB d/D dh b'V T[go ;fjwsh

gqrNkJh sK i' T[j fpBK fe;/ vo iK

fbjk} d/ nkgDh ;{Mp{M Bkb ezw eo

;e/. Gkt/I fJBQK ew/NhnK dhnK eJh

f;\koFK ftnkge s"o s/ fJe ;wkB

ojhnK jB go T[BQK ~ gqtkB ns/ bkr{

BjhI ehsk frnk. fJ; gq;zr ftu d{i/

gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB (2006-2008)

ftu ftuko }kfjo ehsk frnk fe d/F

ftu b'e gqFk;B d/ tZy-tZy gZyK dh x'y

bJh S/ ;" s'I tZX ew/NhnK ns/ efwFB

pDB d/ pkti{d fJj j?okBhiBe rZb j?

fe gqFk;fBe ;/tktK d/ w[V rmB s/ BthI

B[jko bJh e'Jh ;[fjod T[gkn BjhI ehs/

rJ/. Gkosh ;[XkoK dh e'fFF gZe/ s"o s/

otkfJsh pDh ojh j?, nkgD/ ;hws n;o

Bkb Gkos ftu f;tb gqFk;fBe ;[Xko B/

b'e gqFk;fBe ;/tktK dh Bk sK gqGktesk

#s/ Bk jh itkpd/jh ftu e'Jh noEw{be

tkXk ehsk j?.

j'sk ew/Nh ns/ ;zEkBw e/wNh B/

wzfBnk fe b'e gqFk;fBe ;/tktK nzdo

JhwkBdkoh ns/ itkpd/jh d/ fwnkoK d/

j/mK fvZrD ftu tZvh G{fwek }[pkBh

jdkfJsK iK j[ew wzBfdnK ezw eoB iK

\?;b/ ikoh eoB dh fgos j?.

w"i{dk ;w/I ftu T[u/ohnK b'e gqFk;fBe

;/tktK Bkb ;zpzfXs spkdb/, soZehnK,

nB[Fk;B ns/ j'o fBZih wkwfbnK dk

f;bf;bk |?o-gkodoFh ns/ nko}h ;[Gkn

tkbk j?. ;EkBe f;nk;h B/sktK ns/ j'o

;"V/ fjZsK tkb/ nB;oK dhnK fBZih b'VK

ns/ wBwo}h #s/ ubfdnK b'e-gqFk;fBe

;/tktK d/ nfXekohnK d/ pko-pko spkdb/

ehs/ iKd/ jB ns/ fJ; ~ fJBkw iK ;}k

ti'I tofsnk iKdk j?. oki ;oekoK ftu

;/tk fBGkn oj/ ;op-Gkosh ;/tktK d/

nfXekoh d/ fJe EK #s/ nj[d/ T[s/ pD/

ofjD ~ b? e/ e'Jh ;fEosk iK ;[oZfynk

BjhI j?. spkdfbnK dh ;ZBns ~ skesto

rbs nB;oK dh jwkfJs jkf;b j?

feT[Ife pko-pko ehs/ ikD tkb/ spkdb/

f;ZX/ ns/ nf;ZX/ d'jK o{gK ftu fGqFN

nfXekohnK ns/ B/sktK bJh tZv/ gZXo #s/

ekbk XB T[gikT[Id/ jB.

gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko/ ;ko/ efwFBK


ns/ ew/NhnK B/ ;G gZXoK T[go spkdfbnK

Bkb |?o-f;nk;h, fBogZy, y[ZbQ/ ns/ gkodoFh

Yzr Bkb BfiZm/ ikD dh b'V #s/ }'o

fdsk j?. j'sk ew/Nh B/ ;oekoh BhshnK

ns/ gq'rokwK d/ bkr{ j'D ftu e[skjh

bJh nfXekohnK d/ fJe EK s?F[dk ;w/I

se bJh nj[d/ T[go pD/ ofjD dh

nDj'Id ~ itkpd/jh dh ewh, ;oekoh

XB dh popkdh ns/ tZv/ gZXo #s/ fGqFNkuko

dk w[Zy ekoB dZf;nk j?. uzrk gqFk;B

nj[d/ #s/ bw/I ;w/I se brksko pD/

ofjD s'I fpBK ;zGt BjhI ns/ ;{M-p{M

tkbk gqFk;B ;EkBe frnkB s'I fpBK

;zGt BjhI j?.

w[Zy wzsohnK dh ekBcoz; (1997)

ftu ftuko }kfjo ehsk frnk fe B"eoFkjK

d/ pko-pko ns/ wBwo}h Bkb ehs/ ikD

tkb/ spkdb/ b'eK se ;/tktK ~ n;odkfJe

Yzr Bkb w[jZJhnk eotkT[D d/ f;bf;b/

dh ;woZEk ~ gqGkts eod/ jB. fJ; B/

tZy-tZy okiK ftu b'e gqFk;fBe ;/tktK

pko/ p'ov ekfJw ehs/ ikD dh f;\koF

th ehsh ;h. spkdfbnK, soZehnK, s\shF,

nB[Fk;B, ekotkJhnK, fJBkw ns/ ;}ktK

ftu f;ZXk f;nk;h fB:zsqD iK jdkfJs

Bkb b'e gqFk;fBe ;/tktK dh ;woZEk,

wB'pb ekoi, e[Fbsk ~ Ykj bkJh j?.

fJBQK wkwfbnK dk |?o f;nk;heoB ehs/

ikD ns/ ;[szso b'e gqFk;fBe ;/tk

p'ovK d/ jtkb/ ehs/ ikD dh b'V dZ;h

rJh i' fe B/fVT[I B}o;kBh eofdnK ;ko/

gZXoK T[go itkpd/jh :ehBh pDkT[Dr/

ns/ spkdfbnK dh gkodoFh ns/

soe;zrs Yzr Bkb B/wpzdh eoBr/,

JhwkBdko B"eoFkjK dh ;[oZfynk ns/

iBse Go';/ ~ s'VB tkb/ nfXekohnK dh

FBk]s eo e/ Y[ZethI ;}k ;[DkT[Dr/.

b'e gqFk;fBe ;/tk ;[XkoK ~ bkr{

eoB ns/ spkdfbnK T[go soe;zrs

ns/ gkodoFh Bhsh pDkJ/ ikD Bkb b'e-

gqFk;fBe nfXekohnK ~ f;nk;h ndkfonK

d/ rbs ns/ ek~B'I pkjo/ dpkn s'I

pukJ/ ikD dk okj fwb/rk.

gqFk;fBe ezweki ubkT[D T[gogqFk;fBe ezweki ubkT[D T[gogqFk;fBe ezweki ubkT[D T[gogqFk;fBe ezweki ubkT[D T[gogqFk;fBe ezweki ubkT[D T[go

iBfjs nghbiBfjs nghbiBfjs nghbiBfjs nghbiBfjs nghb

fJj b'e gqFk;fBe ;/tktK d/ gqpzXB

ftu b'VhId/ ;[Xko dh brksko tkndk

f]bk\h ns/ fMie d/ fgS'eV ftu b'e

gqFk;fBe ;/tktK d/ ;/tk-w[es nfXekohnK

d/ fJe ;w{j B/ ;op'u ndkbs ~ d]b

d/D bJh efjzfdnK T[; se gj[zu ehsh.

fJj nghb Bk sK ;/tk fBGkn oj/

nfXekohnK dh GbkJh Bkb ;zpzfXs ;h

ns/ Bk jh T[BQK tb'I wBwo}h Bkb ehs/

ikD tkb/ spkdfbnK ns/ e[M ]k; ;o'eko

oZyD tkb/ nB;oK ekoB g/F j'D tkbhnK

d[Zy sebh\K pko/ ;h, ;r'I fJj iBsk

T[go nkw s"o s/ g?D tkb/ wko{ gqGkt

dh ;h feT[Ife b'e gqFk;fBe ;/tktK ~

Y[et/I Yzr Bkb fBGkT[D BjhI fdsk ik

fojk iK efj bU fJj b'e gqFk;fBe

;/tktK d/ ;[Xo/ j'J/ soe;zrs gqpzXB

Bkb ;zpzfXs nghb ;h i' fe ;[Xo/ j'J/

b'e gqFk;B dh nrkT[I b'V j?.

iBfjs nghb (2011) d/ j/miBfjs nghb (2011) d/ j/miBfjs nghb (2011) d/ j/miBfjs nghb (2011) d/ j/miBfjs nghb (2011) d/ j/m

fby/ ftF/F B[es/ ;B Lfby/ ftF/F B[es/ ;B Lfby/ ftF/F B[es/ ;B Lfby/ ftF/F B[es/ ;B Lfby/ ftF/F B[es/ ;B L

• j'sk ew/Nh (2004) d{i/ gqFk;fBe;[Xko efwFB (2008) ns/ gqGktekoh

ns/ gqfseow tkb/ gqFk;B pko/ w[Zy

wzsohnK dh ekBcoz; (1997) dhnK f;\koFK

sfjs e/Ido ns/ okiK d'jK gZXoK #s/

;[szso b'e gqFk;B ;/tk p'ov iK efwFB

dh ;EkgBk pko/ jdkfJs d/Dk.

• efwFB (1986), e/Idoh ;Nkfczr;ehw (1996) ns/ d{i/ gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK

pko/ efwFB (2008) ns/ j'sk ew/Nh

fog'oN (2004) dhnK f;\kfoFK sfjs

B"eoFkjK dh nj[d/ d"okB ;fEosk pDkT[D

bJh nj[d/ T[go pD/ ofjD dh s?F[dk

fwnkd dh b'V pko/ jdkfJs ikoh eoBk.

;op Gkosh ;/tktK pko/ Bhshrs

B/w (ezveN-o{b) 1968) ns/ ;zEkBw

ew/Nh fog'oN (1962) tb'I gqtkfBs B/wK

sfjs Bk f;o\ gqFk;fBe gZy'I nkgD/

;hBhno n\;o ;r'I f;nk;h nEkfoNhnK,

ftXkBe ek~B;k}K ns/ tgkoe fjsK tkbhnK

T[`xhnK F];hnsK dhnK jdkfJsK, ;[MktK

nkfd ~ o;wh s"o s/ doi eoB dh b'V

pko/ nkd/F ikoh eoBk.

T[go'es wzrK ;gZFN o{g ftu tkip

jB ns/ fe;/ ekoro b'eoki ftu nkw

s"o s/ fJj :ehBB jh ezw eo ojhnK

wzBhnK iKdhnK jB. nfijhnK jh f;\koFK

;w/I-;w/I #s/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFBK s/

ew/NhnK tb'I ehshnK rJhnK jB.

nes{po 2013 ftu nkgD/ nfjw

\?;b/ sfjs ;[gohw e'oN B/ fJ; iBfjs

no}h fgSb/ soe dh g{oh jwkfJs eofdnK,

iBfjs sfjs nkgD/ d]b dh b'V ep{b

ehsh. fJ; B/ e/Ido ns/ okiK ftu

B"eoFkjh bJh nj[d/ T[go fJe fwZE/

;w/I se pD/ ofjD dh b'V wzBfdnK,

fJ; ~ bkr{ eoB d/ Yzr-sohfenK pko/

ikDBk ukfjnk. gqFk;fBe ;/tktK pko/

p'ov dh ;EkgBk pko/ ;op'u ndkbs B/

jdkfJs ehsh fe nkofEe ns/ nwb/

Bkb ;zpzfXs w[jkosK tkb/ nfij/ p'ov

e/Ido ns/ okiK ftu ekfJw ehs/ ikD i'

fe b'e gqFk;fBe ;/tktK d/ gqpzXB pko/

f;\koFK d/D, fBrokBh eoB ns/ fJ; s'I

fJbktk spkdfbnK ns/ nB[Fk;Bh ekotkJhnK

dh f}zw/tkoh nkgD/ e'b oZyD. ndkbs

B/ fJj th fejk fe ;kohnK }[pkBh

jdkfJsK ~ fJe foekov sfjs doi

ehsk ikt/ ns/ fJ; B/ ;oeko ~ fJ;

ekoi ~ fszB wjhfBnK nzdo B/go/ ukVQB

dh th jdkfJs ehsh.

fJzM, 2013 d/ nkgD/ fJfsjk;e

\?;b/ sfjs ;[gohw e'oN B/ b'e gqFk;fBe

;/tktK d/ gqpzXB ftu bzw/o/ ;[XkoK bJh

okj y'bQ fdsk j?, ns/ j[D se ekoiekoBh

d/ ftF/F dkfJo/ tkbk fJj w[Zdk j[D iB


fjs d/ gohyD j/m nk frnk j?. ;[gohw

e'oN B/ ;zftXkB dh Xkok 32 sfjs fJ;

y/so ftu nkgDk d]b T[fus ;wfMnk

ns/ uzr/ gqFk;B d/ b'eK d/ jZe ~

p[fBnkdh jZe eoko fdsk.

gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko / ;[gohwgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko / ;[gohwgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko / ;[gohwgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko / ;[gohwgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko / ;[gohw

e'oN d/' j[ewK Bkb ;zpzfXs gZye'oN d/' j[ewK Bkb ;zpzfXs gZye'oN d/' j[ewK Bkb ;zpzfXs gZye'oN d/' j[ewK Bkb ;zpzfXs gZye'oN d/' j[ewK Bkb ;zpzfXs gZy

:kd oj/ fe ndkbs dk d]b fJE/

f;o\ iBfjs d/ B}ohJ/ s'I j?, fJj f;ZX/

s"o s/ B"eoFkjK dhnK w[FfebK, fFekfJsK

Bkb BjhI BfiZmdh, fi; bJh fe fJe

tZyok f;bf;bk w"i{d j?. ;gZFN o{g ftu

ndkbsh j[ew f;nk;h ekoieosk d/

spkdfbnK ns/ ;/tktK Bkb ;zpzfXs

wkwfbnK pko/ ekotkJhnK d/ T[BQK d/

ftF/F nfXeko T[go o'e bkT[Idk j?. fJj

th ;gZFN j[zdk j? fe b'e gqFk;B

nfXekoh iB ;/te dh ;j{bs ns/ fJZSk

w[skpe uZbD bJh BjhI ;r'I iBsk ~

;/tktK w[jZJhnk eokT[D bJh pD/ jB.

Gkt/I ;gZFN o{g ftu ;oeko d/ u[D/ j'J/

w[yh ns/ u[D/ j'J/ B[wkfJzfdnK ~ Fk;B

ubkT[D bJh g{oh ;[szsosk dh b'V j?,

fi; sfjs T[j @iBfjs# d/ BK #s/

nfXekohnK ~ fJe EK s'I d{ih EK G/i

d/D dk jZe oZyd/ jB, go ;[gohw e'oN

d/ sk}k \?;b/ sfjs fJj jZe th skBkFkjh

Bkb bkr{ BjhI ehsk ik ;edk. Fk;B

u[D/ j'J/ B[wkfJzfdnK dk fBZih xo/b{ GKs

dk gqpzX f;bf;bk BjhI j? ns/ Bk jh

B"eoFkj fBZih ;/te iK jZE-pzBQ r[bkw

j?. fJE/ iBsk d/ fjZsK ~ ;w[Zu/ o{g ftu

;G s'I T[go oZfynk ikt/rk. e/Ido ns/

okiK dhnK ;oekoK tb'I b'e gqFk;B d/

gqpzXB ~ b? e/ wkw{bh fijh th ;zihdrh

fdykJh rJh j[zdh sK ndkbsh d]b dh

b'V Bk g?Idh.

eJh jbfenK tb'I ndkbs d/ d]b

~ |?o-}o{oh ns/ nkgDhnK jZdK ~ gko

eoBk efj e/ fBy/Xh ehsh rJh j?.

;gZFN o{g ftu fJj B}ohnk wzBD :'r

BjhI. iBfjs T[go fJ; d/ ftuko ns/

Xkok 32 ;op'u ndkbs d/ dkfJo/ j/m

nkT[Id/ jB. w[Zd/ ~ f;nk;h B/sktK ns/

B"eoFkjK dofwnkB Neokn dk ekoB

dZ;Dk th rbs j?.

u[D/ j'J/ B[wkfJzd/ ns/ gZe/ b'eu[D/ j'J/ B[wkfJzd/ ns/ gZe/ b'eu[D/ j'J/ B[wkfJzd/ ns/ gZe/ b'eu[D/ j'J/ B[wkfJzd/ ns/ gZe/ b'eu[D/ j'J/ B[wkfJzd/ ns/ gZe/ b'e

gqFk;B nfXekoh fJe' f;Ze/ d' d/gqFk;B nfXekoh fJe' f;Ze/ d' d/gqFk;B nfXekoh fJe' f;Ze/ d' d/gqFk;B nfXekoh fJe' f;Ze/ d' d/gqFk;B nfXekoh fJe' f;Ze/ d' d/

gk;/ jB ns/ b'e-GbkJh wkwfbnKgk;/ jB ns/ b'e-GbkJh wkwfbnKgk;/ jB ns/ b'e-GbkJh wkwfbnKgk;/ jB ns/ b'e-GbkJh wkwfbnKgk;/ jB ns/ b'e-GbkJh wkwfbnK

Bkb BfiZmD pko/ T[BQK d/ ;o'ekoBkb BfiZmD pko/ T[BQK d/ ;o'ekoBkb BfiZmD pko/ T[BQK d/ ;o'ekoBkb BfiZmD pko/ T[BQK d/ ;o'ekoBkb BfiZmD pko/ T[BQK d/ ;o'eko

fJe ;wkB jB. xZN'-xZN b'e-fJe ;wkB jB. xZN'-xZN b'e-fJe ;wkB jB. xZN'-xZN b'e-fJe ;wkB jB. xZN'-xZN b'e-fJe ;wkB jB. xZN'-xZN b'e-

fjZs Bkb ;zpzfXs T[BQK dh nkg;hfjZs Bkb ;zpzfXs T[BQK dh nkg;hfjZs Bkb ;zpzfXs T[BQK dh nkg;hfjZs Bkb ;zpzfXs T[BQK dh nkg;hfjZs Bkb ;zpzfXs T[BQK dh nkg;h

;fEsh ftu e'Jh ;zeN iK tZyosk;fEsh ftu e'Jh ;zeN iK tZyosk;fEsh ftu e'Jh ;zeN iK tZyosk;fEsh ftu e'Jh ;zeN iK tZyosk;fEsh ftu e'Jh ;zeN iK tZyosk

BjhI j'Dh ukjhdh. :ehBB b'eBjhI j'Dh ukjhdh. :ehBB b'eBjhI j'Dh ukjhdh. :ehBB b'eBjhI j'Dh ukjhdh. :ehBB b'eBjhI j'Dh ukjhdh. :ehBB b'e

wkwfbnK ftu wB-wo}h w[skpewkwfbnK ftu wB-wo}h w[skpewkwfbnK ftu wB-wo}h w[skpewkwfbnK ftu wB-wo}h w[skpewkwfbnK ftu wB-wo}h w[skpe

BjhI ufbnk ik ;edk. jkbhnkBjhI ufbnk ik ;edk. jkbhnkBjhI ufbnk ik ;edk. jkbhnkBjhI ufbnk ik ;edk. jkbhnkBjhI ufbnk ik ;edk. jkbhnk

tfoQnK d"okB gkodoFsk, ;{uBktfoQnK d"okB gkodoFsk, ;{uBktfoQnK d"okB gkodoFsk, ;{uBktfoQnK d"okB gkodoFsk, ;{uBktfoQnK d"okB gkodoFsk, ;{uBk

pko/ nfXeko nkfd XkoBktK B/pko/ nfXeko nkfd XkoBktK B/pko/ nfXeko nkfd XkoBktK B/pko/ nfXeko nkfd XkoBktK B/pko/ nfXeko nkfd XkoBktK B/

okFNoh gZXo #s/ tX/o/ teko jk;bokFNoh gZXo #s/ tX/o/ teko jk;bokFNoh gZXo #s/ tX/o/ teko jk;bokFNoh gZXo #s/ tX/o/ teko jk;bokFNoh gZXo #s/ tX/o/ teko jk;b

eoBk F[o{ eo fdsk j?.eoBk F[o{ eo fdsk j?.eoBk F[o{ eo fdsk j?.eoBk F[o{ eo fdsk j?.eoBk F[o{ eo fdsk j?.

go eJh u[D/ j'J/ f;nk;h B/sk fJ;/

nkXko #s/ nkgDhnK ;[szso ekotkJhnK

T[go fe;/ soQK dh o'e bJh fsnko BjhI

jB fe T[BQK ~ iBsk tb'I Fk;B eoB

bJh u[fDnk frnk j?. go ;zftXkB d/

dkfJo/ sfjs ;w[Zuk iBfjs ;o'eko jh

;G s'I T[go oj/rk. n;hI fJe n;odko

b'egkb fbnkT[D d/ okj ftu f;nk;sdkBK

tb'I fdykJh rJh fMie d/y u[Ze/ jK.

fJzM jh, u'D ;[XkoK ns/ f;nk;h gkoNhnK

d/ wkbh ykfsnK ~ nkw eoB fij/

w[ZfdnK ~ th fto'X dk ;kjwDk eoBk

fgnk j?. b'egkb d/ wkwb/ ftu fit/I fe

n;hI d/fynk j? fe ;kv/ e'b fJe gZbQo

ojh n;odko iwj{ohns j? i' fe f;nk;h

iwks d/ fJeZm/ fto'X d/ pkti{d ;w[Zu/

YKu/ #u nfjw pdbkn fbnk ;edh j?.

fJj th f}eo:'r rZb j? fe fJj

;kv/ ;zftXkB dh nzdo{Bh Fesh j? fe

pj[s tko ndkbsh f;bf;b/ B/ Fk;B

gqDkbh ftu ;ktKgB, ;[yktKgB ns/

ftukoFhbsk fbnkT[D bJh nkgDk d]b

fdsk j?. ;[gohw e'oN d/ w"i{dk \?;b/ ~

th fJ;/ B}ohJ/ Bkb d/fynk ik ;edk

j?.

;[gohw e'oN d/ j[ewK ~ bkr{ ehs/

ikD pko/ fJe j'o rZb gq;zfre j?. eJh

fNZgDhnK fdshnK rJhnK jB fe ;oekoK

nkgD/ g?o fgZS/ fyZudhnK b'e gqFk;B

;/tktK ftu ;[Xko dhnK jdkfJsK ~

fJBfpB bkr{ BjhI eodhnK. fJj th

jtkbk fdsk frnk j? fe g[fb; ;[XkoK

pko/ ;[gohw e'oN dk 2008 ftu fdsk

@gqekF f;zx \?;bk# oki ;oekoK dh fMie

#s/ ubfdnK ni/ th pj[s jZd se bkr{

j'Dk ofjzdk j?. fJE/ fJj dZf;nk ikDk

pDdk j? fe fJe djkek gfjbK Bkb'I

fJ; ;w/I ;w[Zuk wkj"b tZyoh soQK dk j?.

fJ; ;w/I ;kv/ e'b pj[s ;orow ns/

}'odko gqrNkt/ tkbk fBvo whvhnk j?,

f;tb ;wki B/ BthI T{oik ns/ ;BwkB

jkf;b ehsk j?, d; ;kb dh nkgDh j'Id

g[rkT[D s'I pknd ;{uBk pko/ jZe w}p{sh

Bkb nkgD/ g?oK #s/ yVQk j' frnk j? ns/

b'eK ftu uzr/, ;k\ Fk;B bJh sV\

tXh j?. fJzM, jkbks ndkbsh j[ewK ~

rzGhosk Bkb ns/ m'; o{g ftu bkr{

eoB ftu ;k}rko jB, ;r'I fJ; \?;b/

Bkb gqekF f;zx g[fb; ;[Xko \?;b/ ~

bkr{ eoB ftu th s/}h nk ;edh j?.

fgSb/ wjhfBnK d"okB ;oeko tb'I

fsZy/ fJsoki d/ pkti{d d' nfjw YKukrs

iBse ekotkJhnK j'JhnK jB. b'egkb

fpb gk; eo fdsk frnk j? fi; d/

n;o ~ nrb/ djke/ ftu ek\h T[;ko{

skes ti'I wfj;{; ehsk ikt/rk. b'e

gqFk;B ;[XkoK pko/ ;[gohw e'oN d/ \?;b/

dk th Fk;B d/ fwnko T[go nfijk jh

bzw/o/ ;w/I tkbk n;o g?D dh ;zGktBk

j?.

(b/ye ;kpe, e?pfBN ;eZso, Gkos ;oeko

j?.)




ftFtheoB dk :[r s/ gqFk;BftFtheoB dk :[r s/ gqFk;BftFtheoB dk :[r s/ gqFk;BftFtheoB dk :[r s/ gqFk;BftFtheoB dk :[r s/ gqFk;B

T[wk w/d[ohT[wk w/d[ohT[wk w/d[ohT[wk w/d[ohT[wk w/d[oh

FtheoB dk okiBhse, ;wkfie,

nkofEe, ;ZfGnkukoe, seBheh

ns/ tksktofBe gZyK #s/ n;o fJZehthI

;dh ftu gqsZy t/fynk ik ;edk j?. fJ;

;dek f;ZXk ftd/Fh fBt/F tfXnk j?,

seBhe, d{o;zuko, b/ykekoh, tgkoe

T[dkoheoB dk ftek; j'fJnk, ftZsh ns/

p?Ifezr f;;Nw ezNo'b ofjs j'J/ jB ns/

pj[-okFNoh ezgBhnK ftu tkXk j'fJnk

j?. tZy-tZy y/soK ftu t;sK, ;/tktK,

seBhe, BthnK gqfefonktK ns/ BthnK

y'iK ftu u'yk c?bkn j'fJnk j?. toswkB

fdqF-fuZso ;wkfie T[whdK th tXkT[Idk

j?. pdb ojhnK edoK-ehwsK, oki ns/

Fk;B ftXh gqDkbh ftu j' oj/ pdbktK

~ fdqFNhwkB eodk j?. ftFtheoB dk

nkofEesk #s/ fwfbnk-i[fbnk n;o B}o

nkT[Idk j? fi; sfjs nkofEe ;zeN ns/

w[ekpb/pk}h eoe/ j' oj/ bkG, oki dk

}o}o j' fojk YKuk, pk}ko nkXkfos

edoK-ehwsK dk g;ko, d"bs dk e[ZM

jZEK ftu j'D pko/ jbub fi; Bkb

rohph, npokposk ns/ ;wkfie ;zeNK

ftu tkXk j'fJnk j? fi; d/ ftek; #s/

BKj tkue gqGkt gJ/ jB.

iBse gqFk;B #s/ n;oiBse gqFk;B #s/ n;oiBse gqFk;B #s/ n;oiBse gqFk;B #s/ n;oiBse gqFk;B #s/ n;o

ftFtheoB dk iBse gqFk;B gqDkbh

#s/ th n;o g? fojk j? feT[Ife fJj oki

d/ YKu/ ftu ifVnk j'fJnk j?. fJ; d/

gqw[Zy ekoB ftek;Fhb d/FK s/ ftFt d/

ndkfonK, ;{uBk seBkb'ih ns/ e[Fbsk

ns/ nkofEesk bJh fuzsk ekoB g? oj/

dpkn jB. nzsookFNoh ftZsh ;z;EktK

tb'I ]k; eoe/ ftek;Fhb d/FK ~ fdsh

iKdh nkofEe ;jkfJsk dk fJBQK d/FK #s/

wkVk n;o g? fojk j? feT[Ife fJ;BkB

fJBQK d/FK dh ftZsh, c"ih ns/ okiBhse

fBoGosk gZSwh d/FK #s/ tX iKdh j?.

fJ; eoe/ eJh d/FK d/ b'e nkgDhnK

gfjbK ns/ Bhsh soihjK ;zpzXh u'D s'I

ftot/ j' iKd/ jB. pj[s ;ko/ ftek;Fhb

d/FK tb'I ngDkJh ik ojh YKukrs

nB[e{bD Bhsh ~ ;EkBe b'eszso ~

BekoBk th ;wfMnk ik fojk j?.

ftFtheoB d/ Bshi/ ti'I e/IdohftFtheoB d/ Bshi/ ti'I e/IdohftFtheoB d/ Bshi/ ti'I e/IdohftFtheoB d/ Bshi/ ti'I e/IdohftFtheoB d/ Bshi/ ti'I e/Idoh

:'iBk nXkfos nkofEesk pk}koh:'iBk nXkfos nkofEesk pk}koh:'iBk nXkfos nkofEesk pk}koh:'iBk nXkfos nkofEesk pk}koh:'iBk nXkfos nkofEesk pk}koh

YKu/ tZb ik ojh j? fi; BkbYKu/ tZb ik ojh j? fi; BkbYKu/ tZb ik ojh j? fi; BkbYKu/ tZb ik ojh j? fi; BkbYKu/ tZb ik ojh j? fi; Bkb

ftFt nkofEesk Bkb ob/tK j'ftFt nkofEesk Bkb ob/tK j'ftFt nkofEesk Bkb ob/tK j'ftFt nkofEesk Bkb ob/tK j'ftFt nkofEesk Bkb ob/tK j'

fojk j?. fJ; dk gqFk;fBefojk j?. fJ; dk gqFk;fBefojk j?. fJ; dk gqFk;fBefojk j?. fJ; dk gqFk;fBefojk j?. fJ; dk gqFk;fBe

YKu/, oki dh ekoi gqDkbh, BthnKYKu/, oki dh ekoi gqDkbh, BthnKYKu/, oki dh ekoi gqDkbh, BthnKYKu/, oki dh ekoi gqDkbh, BthnKYKu/, oki dh ekoi gqDkbh, BthnK

fBg[ zBsktK ngDkT[D, ;woEktKfBg[ zBsktK ngDkT[D, ;woEktKfBg[ zBsktK ngDkT[D, ;woEktKfBg[ zBsktK ngDkT[D, ;woEktKfBg[ zBsktK ngDkT[D, ;woEktK

ns/ b'eK dh ;'u ~ Bt/I wkj"bns/ b'eK dh ;'u ~ Bt/I wkj"bns/ b'eK dh ;'u ~ Bt/I wkj"bns/ b'eK dh ;'u ~ Bt/I wkj"bns/ b'eK dh ;'u ~ Bt/I wkj"b

gZyh pDkT[D #s/ n;o g? fojkgZyh pDkT[D #s/ n;o g? fojkgZyh pDkT[D #s/ n;o g? fojkgZyh pDkT[D #s/ n;o g? fojkgZyh pDkT[D #s/ n;o g? fojk

j?.j?.j?.j?.j?.

pdbd/ j'J/ wkj"b ftu oki dh

G{fwek, ftek; bJh pk}o w[yh gj[zu ns/

;oeko, pk}ko ns/ ;wki dofwnkB

;fjfefonk ;Ekgs eoB d/ Bshi/ ti'I

gqpzXB d/ gqeko ns/ gqfefonktK #s/ rfjok

n;o j'fJnk j?. id fe gqFk;B s'I nk;

j[zdh j? fe b'e jZeK dh okyh eo/,

itkpd/jh fBFus eo/, gkodoFsk g?dk

eo/ ns/ ;wkfie edoK-ehwsK ~ ;zi'n e/

oZy/ go ftFtheoB Bkb iBse fjZ;/dkoh

brksko xN ojh j?, wB[Zyh jZeK dk xkD

j' fojk j? ns/ d/F d/ b'eK ~ f;o\

fJe t;s{ pDk e/ oZy fdsk frnk j?.

iBse gqFk;B dk gqw[Zy co} j?

ek~B dh gkbDk, iBse fjZsK ~ gqw[Zy

oZyDk, d/F d/ t;BheK gqfs pokpoh,

gqfsfBXsk ns/ f}zw/tkoh :ehBh pDkT[Dk.

otkfJsh gqpzXB dh B"eoFkjh #s/ b'V

s'I tZX fBoGosk, doikpzdh, fB:w s/

ekfJd/, ;w/I d"okB T[BQK dh fBg[zBsk ns/

gqGkftesk #s/ gqFB fuzBQ bkT[Id/ oj/ jB.

;'thns :{BhnB dk N[ZNDk, eoK ns/

iBse you/ d/ tXd/ gZXo, B"eoFkjh d/

ezw eoB gqfs n;zs[FNsk B/ fJ; XkoBk

~ pb fdsk j? fe oki dk @otkfJsh#

wkvb mhe BhshnK bkr{ eoB ns/ gqGkth

;/tktK d/D ftu Bkekw fojk j? ns/ fJe

pdbt/I oki-gqpzXB wkvb dh b'V j?.

id fe oki-gqpzX dh X[oh jkb/ th ftFkb

fBozsosk d/ f;XKs ~ gqDkJh j'Jh j?.

ftFtheoB ekoB tZv/ pdbkn ;kjwD/

nkJ/ jB fi; Bkb fJ; dk ;[Gkn ns/

ufoZso th pdb/ jB.

ftFtheoB d/ gfog/y ftu gqpzXB

dh G{fwek gqfs ftdtsk Gog{o uouktK

ns/ ftuko-tNKdo/ j'J/ jB. iBse gqpzXB

d/ otkfJsh wkvb dhnK ifNbsktK ns/

g/uhdrhnK B/ fJe BthI ;'u ~ iBw

fdsk j? fe L-

ftftftftft


• toswkB wkj"b ;oekoh ;[XkoKdh wzr eodk j?.

• iBse ndkfonK dh p[fBnkdh;'u pdbD dh b'V j? i' fe Bk f;o\

ezw B/go/ uVQkT[D tkbh j't/ ;r'I j[Bo

w[yh j't/.

• T[j ]so/ T[mkT[D tkb/, fwFB ~;wofgs ns/ ;/tktK ~ ;wofgs j'D/

ukjhd/ jB.

fJj pdbkn d[BhnK Go d/ d/FK

tb'I MZb/ ik oj/ gqw[Zy f\eoK ekoB tZN/

yks/ gJ/ j'J/ jB. 1970ftnK ftu s/b

;zeN s'I T[gi/ nkofEe wzdtkV/ ekoB

;oekoK ~ ftFkb piN xkN/ MZbD/ gJ/.

ni'e/ tksktoB B/ th j/m fby/ gZyK gqfs

rzGho fuzsk dk gqrNktk ehsk j?L

• tX foj iBse youk• tZy-tZy ;oekoh ezwK ftu j' ojh

c}{b youh, d/oh, fGqFNkuko, |?o-fBg[zBsk

s'I T[gfink wkVk gqpzXB.

• itkpd/jh dh ewh ns/• BkrfoeK d/ wBK ftu p?mh nkw

XkoBk fe T[BQK ~ ;oeko tb'I bJ/ iKd/

\?;fbnK s'I d{o oZfynk iKdk j?.

efbnkDekoh oki d/ ndkfonK dh

gqGkftesk ;tkbK d/ x/o/ ftu ojh j?

ns/ fJBQK ~ wfjzrkJh, pk}koh wFhBoh ~

fBoT[sFkfjs eoB ns/ bzw/ ;w/I d/

nkofEe wzdtkV/ bJh f}zw/tko ;wfMnk

frnk j?. nzso-okFNoh w[ekpb/pk}h d/

Bkb ;wkfie-nkofEe wzdtkV/ B/ ;[XkoK

bJh uzfrnkVh pkb fdsh. fBezwhnK ns/

xNhnk fe;w dhnK iBse ;/tktK fJe

j'o fuzsk dk ftFk jB. fJe nkw XkoB

pDh j'Jh j? fe iBse ;/tktK d/ pj[s

;hws gqGkth Bshi/ nkT[Id/ jB fijV/

bkrs d/ nB[o{g BjhI j[zd//. fJBQK gZyK ~

pb d/D bJh fijV/ ekoB ;B, T[j jB

pk}ko ftu ftnkge ftFtheoB d/ pdbktK

gqfs iBse gqFk;B dh |?o-f}zw/tkoh,

seBhe ns/ BkrfoeK dhnK wzrK nkfd.

B"eoFkjh gqDkbh dk fJ; d/ BkrfoeK

dhnK wzrK ns/ nkFktK gqfs em'o, |?o-

buehbh ns/ |?o-;ztd/BFhbsk eoe/ w[ZbzeD

ehsk frnk. fJ; d/ Bkb jh, ni'e/

ftFtheoB d/ gfog/y ftu, toswkB

tksktoB gqFk;eK ~ iBse y/so ~

fFzrkoB bJh wip{o eodk j? fi; Bkb

fJj pk}ko d/ Bkb w[ZbzeD eo ;eD.

fJ; dk n;o oki dh G{fwek ns/ gqpzXB

ftu tX oj/ gqpzX w[yh fefonktK #s/

j'fJnk j?.

oki dh pdbdh G{fwekoki dh pdbdh G{fwekoki dh pdbdh G{fwekoki dh pdbdh G{fwekoki dh pdbdh G{fwek

oki jw/Fk jh ;wkih ;kXB dk

fXnkB e/Ido fojk j?. otkfJsh s"o s/

pj[s ;ko/ d/FK B/ GbkJh oki d/ f;XKs

~ ngDkfJnk - fJe nfijh okiBhse

gqDkbh fijVh BkrfoeK dh GbkJh dh

tZvh f}zw/tkoh u[Zedh j?. 80 ns/ 90 d/

djkfenK d"okB d[BhnK Go ftu ftFtheoB

dk d"o F[o{ j'D Bkb ;EkBe okiBhse

ns/ gqpzXB ;ZfGnkuko dh gqtkj ehs/

p|?o oki dh G{fwek ftu spdhbhnK

nkJhnK. fJj wfj;{; j'D bZfrnk fe

ndko/, fB}kw ns/ iBse gqpzXB dhnK

gqfefonktK mhe BjhI jB ns/ NhfunK dh

g{osh bJh |?o-gqGkth jB. n;zs[FNsk

dk w[Zy ekoB oki tb'I :edw, ;zs[FNsk

buehb/ ns/ Bt/I YzrK Bkb w[yksp Bk

j'Dk j? i' pdb/ j'J/ tksktoB d/ nB[e{b

j't/. fJj wzfBnk ikD bZrk fe ftFkb

j'D d/ pkti{d oki j[zrkok d/D ftu

Bkekw j?.

gZSwh d/FK ftu ;oeko d/ ekoiK d/

;hws j'D dk fJe Bw{Bk fJj j? fe

;oeko ~ L

• ezw xZN eoBk ukjhdk j?.• nkgDhnK f}nkdk p'Mb f}zw/tkohnK

~ ysw iK xZN eo d/Dk ukjhdk j?.

• w[ekpb/pk}h ns/ fBg[zBsk ~ fXnkB

ftu oZyd/ j'J/ nkgDh ekoi gqDkbh ftu

;[Xko fbnkT[D/ ukjhd/ jB.

@pk}ko tb'I ;oeko# d/ fJj ftFtk;

fJ; XkoBk #s/ nkXkfos jB fe pk}ko dk

pzd'p;s ftok;sh s"o s/ wB[Zy dhnK b'VK

ns/ nk;ktK ~ g{ok eoB bJh ;oeko dk

;jkok b?D Bkb'I tXhnk ns/ T[sw sohek

j?.

oki d/ pdbd/ j'J/ w[jKdo/ Bkboki d/ pdbd/ j'J/ w[jKdo/ Bkboki d/ pdbd/ j'J/ w[jKdo/ Bkboki d/ pdbd/ j'J/ w[jKdo/ Bkboki d/ pdbd/ j'J/ w[jKdo/ Bkb

Bt/I YKu/ ns/ Bt/I gfjb{ ;kjwD/Bt/I YKu/ ns/ Bt/I gfjb{ ;kjwD/Bt/I YKu/ ns/ Bt/I gfjb{ ;kjwD/Bt/I YKu/ ns/ Bt/I gfjb{ ;kjwD/Bt/I YKu/ ns/ Bt/I gfjb{ ;kjwD/

n k oj / jB. 1980-90 d /n k oj / jB. 1980-90 d /n k oj / jB. 1980-90 d /n k oj / jB. 1980-90 d /n k oj / jB. 1980-90 d /

djkfenK d"okB fJzrb? Iv ns/djkfenK d"okB fJzrb? Iv ns/djkfenK d"okB fJzrb? Iv ns/djkfenK d"okB fJzrb? Iv ns/djkfenK d"okB fJzrb? Iv ns/

nwohek ftu pk}ko gZyh ns/nwohek ftu pk}ko gZyh ns/nwohek ftu pk}ko gZyh ns/nwohek ftu pk}ko gZyh ns/nwohek ftu pk}ko gZyh ns/

oki fto'Xh @fBZih uzrk#, ns/ @iBseoki fto'Xh @fBZih uzrk#, ns/ @iBseoki fto'Xh @fBZih uzrk#, ns/ @iBseoki fto'Xh @fBZih uzrk#, ns/ @iBseoki fto'Xh @fBZih uzrk#, ns/ @iBse

wkVk# dh ftukoXkok dk p'bpkbkwkVk# dh ftukoXkok dk p'bpkbkwkVk# dh ftukoXkok dk p'bpkbkwkVk# dh ftukoXkok dk p'bpkbkwkVk# dh ftukoXkok dk p'bpkbk

fojk. fJ; Bkb ftek; dh fJefojk. fJ; Bkb ftek; dh fJefojk. fJ; Bkb ftek; dh fJefojk. fJ; Bkb ftek; dh fJefojk. fJ; Bkb ftek; dh fJe

BthI okiBhse nkofEesk dk iBwBthI okiBhse nkofEesk dk iBwBthI okiBhse nkofEesk dk iBwBthI okiBhse nkofEesk dk iBwBthI okiBhse nkofEesk dk iBw

j'fJnk fijVh fe oki dh pikfJj'fJnk fijVh fe oki dh pikfJj'fJnk fijVh fe oki dh pikfJj'fJnk fijVh fe oki dh pikfJj'fJnk fijVh fe oki dh pikfJ

pk}ko #s/ nkXkos ;h.pk}ko #s/ nkXkos ;h.pk}ko #s/ nkXkos ;h.pk}ko #s/ nkXkos ;h.pk}ko #s/ nkXkos ;h.

gqFk;B ftu gqpzXeh nB[e{bBgqFk;B ftu gqpzXeh nB[e{bBgqFk;B ftu gqpzXeh nB[e{bBgqFk;B ftu gqpzXeh nB[e{bBgqFk;B ftu gqpzXeh nB[e{bB

;wkfie, nkofEe ns/ tksktofBe

dpktK eoe/ iBse gqpzXB ftu 1960ftnK

s'I gfotosB j'D/ F[o{ j' rJ/ ;B. ftFt

ftu 1970ftnK d/ jkbsK B/ ]k; eoe/

gZSwh d/FK ftu eqKshekoh gqpzXB ;[XkoK

#s/ ftF/F }'o gkfJnk. gqpzXB dk otkfJsh

wkvb, i' doikpzdh, YKuk, ftukoFhbsk,

e/IdoheoB nkfd #s/ }'o fdzdk ;h, #s/

;tkb T[mD/ F[o{ j' rJ/. soeg{oB

fttjko, i' iBse gqpzXB dh ]k;

ftF/Fsk j?, bJh fejk frnk fe fJj

toswkB ;zdoG ftu |?o gq;zfre ns/

bkj/tzd BjhI. iBse gqpzXB fi; B/

jw/FK gqfefonktK, fB:wktbh ns/ iBse

;/tktK d/ nB[e{bB ~ gfjb fdsh j?,

j[D Bshi/ gqkgs eoB bJh e[Fbsk,

nkofEesk ns/ gqGkftesk ~ okj fdzdk

B}o nk fojk j?. tgko gqpzXB seBheK,

pk}ko gqDkbh w[ekpb/pk}h ns/ rkje

nB[e{bB bJh ehs/ ikD tkb/ gqpzXeh

nB[e{bB F[o{ j'D Bkb fJBQK ~ gfjb


fwbDh F[o{ j' rJh fi; ~ @BtK iBse

gqpzXB# dk BK fdsk frnk.

p/FZe T[BQhIthI ;dh d/ nyhob/ ns/

thjthI ;dh d/ nkozG ftu pj[s ;ko/

d/FK ftu gqpzXeh e[Fbsk ~ B"eoFkjh

Bkb i'V e/ t/fynk iKdk ;h. fte;s

d/FK, fit/I nwohek ftu th, B"eoFkjh

tb'I iBse ;j{bsK fit/I fpibh, gkDh

nkfd d/ gqpzX dh b'V wfj;{; ehsh rJh

fi; Bkb YKukrs fBt/F ftu u'yk tkXk

j'fJnk i' nkofEe ftek; dk ekoB pfDnk.

f;ZXh ;oeko gqDkbh, fi; B/ f}nkdk

wjZssk gqkgs ehsh ;h, B/ j[D fBZiheoB

ns/ m/ek gqEk ~ okj d/ fdsk j?. ftZsh

ekoBK d/ Bkb-Bkb iBse y/so gqfs

T[dk;hBsk ekoB ;oekoK, ]k; eoe/

fpqN/B, e?B/vk, fBT{}hb?Iv ns/ nk;Nq/bhnk

dhnK ;oekoK dh ;'u ftu wjZstg{oB

pdbkn nkJ/ jB. fJBQK d/FK dh okiBhse

bhvofFg, iBse ;/tktK gqpzXB d/ y/so

ftu spdhbhnK fbnkT[D d/ jZe ftu

;h. ftdtsk dk tksktoB th iBse

y/so ftu pdbktK bJh ;jkfJe B}o

nk fojk ;h. BthI ;Zi/ gZyh ftukoXkok,

fijVh pk}ko ~ ;ot'sw ns/ w}p{s

wzBdh ;h ns/ i' iBse ns/ ;wkfie

d'BK ndkfonK ftu bkr{ ehsh ik ;edh

;h, Bt-T[dkotkdh noEFk;soh dk

gqGktFkbh ;w{j @tZvh# ;oeko dk nkb'ue

;h ns/ fJj ftuko oZydk ;h fe f;o\

w[es pk}ko jh ;wki d/ fGzB-fGzB sZsK

~ fJe oZy ;edk j?. Bt ;Zi/ gZyh, i'

nkgDh ftukoXkok nkofEe ns/ iBse

u'D ;e{bK s'I rqfjD eodh j?, B/ B"eoFkjh

dh G{fwek ~ Bekfonk, ;wkfie ;jkfJsk

ftu oki dh xZN s'I xZN G{fwek ns/

;oeko dh ;wkBsk ns/ ;wkfie fBnK

gqfs ikfJ} G{fwek ~ f;o/ s'I ykoi eo

fdsk. fJ; soQK, ;/tktK gj[zukT[D d/

y/so ftu piNh skesK ns/ gqpzXeh

nB[e{bD ~ gqw[Zysk jk;b j' rJh.

1980 s/ 90 dofwnkB Gkos ;w/s

nB/e ftek;Fhb d/FK tb'I ngDkJ/

;Noeuob n?vi;Nw?IN s/ ;N?pbkJhi/FB

gqr'okw sfjs dhoxekbh tZvhnK nkofEe,

ftZsh, tgkoe BhshnK, ftZsh T[dkotkd,

fBZiheoB ns/ xo/b{ pk}ko ~ fB:zsqD

w[es eoB dk okj cV fbnk frnk.

fJ; Bhsh sfjs oki dh G{fwek ;hws

ofj rJh i' Bk sK nkofEe d]bnzdk}h

eo ;e/, ns/ fijVh m'; ftZsh Bhsh,

;[oZfyns ikfJdkd, jZe ns/ f;Zfynk, f;js

ns/ YKukrs ftek; #s/ f}nkdk fXnkB

e/Idfos eo/.

iBseiBseiBseiBseiBse gqFk;BgqFk;BgqFk;BgqFk;BgqFk;B LLLLL T[`GodhnK u[B"shnKT[`GodhnK u[B"shnKT[`GodhnK u[B"shnKT[`GodhnK u[B"shnKT[`GodhnK u[B"shnK

toswkB wkj"b ftu'I, d[BhnK Go

ftu ;oeko d/ fJe :zso ti'I, gqpzXB

ftu tZv/ dpbkn nk oj/ jB. fJ; d/

buehbk, nrkT{I ;'uD tkbk, ]so/ w[Zb

b?D tkbk, T[dwh, ;oekoK d/ ezw ftu

BtKgB fbnkT[D tkbk, iBse ;/tktK

ftu ;[Xko, ;{uBk seBkb'ih bkr{ eoB,

uzr/ Fk;B d/ T[gkn nkfd eoB dh nk;

ehsh iKdh j?. fJ; ;G ek;/ ftu

;oeko, pk}ko, ;wki dh EK j?, b'V j?

fJBQK ~ Bt/I f;foT[I soshp d/D dh sK i'

ftFtheoB dh f}zw/tkoh u[ZefdnK fJj

ftek; dh rZvh ~ nZr/ s'o ;eD. fJ;

B/ iBse gqpzXB nZr/ BthnK u[B"shnK

yVQhnK eo fdshnK jB. fJBQK ftu'I e[M

jB L

oki dh G{fwek Bt/ I f;o/ s' Ioki dh G{fwek Bt/ I f;o/ s' Ioki dh G{fwek Bt/ I f;o/ s' Ioki dh G{fwek Bt/ I f;o/ s' Ioki dh G{fwek Bt/ I f;o/ s' I

fBoXkos eoBkfBoXkos eoBkfBoXkos eoBkfBoXkos eoBkfBoXkos eoBk

p/FZe, ftFtheoB dk oki, fJ;

dhnK BhshnK, ;z;EktK ns/ eowukohnK

#s/ tZvk n;o g?Idk j?. ekog'o/N irs

tb'I nkgDh j'Id do;kT[D eoe/ @iBse

ndkok# ns/ BkrfoeK dh Fw{bhns xNdh

ik ojh j?. oki dh G{fwek ftu pdbkn

dh }o{os j?. ;wkitkdh d/FK d/ wkwb/

ftu ikD/ nDikD/ i' B}o nzdk} ehsk

frnk, T[j fJj ;h fe fJe ekoios,

pk}koh nkofEesk ~ b'VhId/ ;z;Ekrs

YKu/ dh b'V j[zdh j? i' Bhsh xkfVnK

ns/ fBZih tgkohnK ~ T[sFkj d/t/.

pk}ko dhnK skesK d/ gqdoFB ~ tXhnk

pDkT[D bJh fJe w}p{s ;oeko bk}wh

j?. oki dh fJe BthI s/ wjZstg{oB

G{fwek j? BkrfoeK, fBZih ;z;EktK ns/

;wki d/ fjZsK ftu skbw/b fpmkT[Dk.

fJ; ~ b'eszsfoe, Gkrhdko, nrtkJh

d/D tkbk ns/ ekp{ eoB tkbh G{fwek

fBGkT[Dh gt/rh. Bkrfoe Fk;B gqDkbh

dk fJe gqw[Zy nzr j'D/ ukjhd/ jB.

f;o\ fJ; soQK jh ftFtheoB d/ nDukj/

gqGktK s'I pfunk ik ;edk j?.

gqGkth nkofEe Fk;B bJh oki s'I

stZe' j[zdh j? fe T[j pk}koh ;z;EkBK d/

ezw eoB bJh Y[ZetK wkj"b fsnko eo/,

Bkb jh Bkb T[BQK ~ ;wkfie f}zw/tkohnK

dk th nfj;k; eotkJ/. fJ; d/ Bkb jh

pk}ko d/ fB:w ekfJd/ pDk e/, pk}ko d/

;z;EkBK dk fBowkD ns/ fB:zsqD eoe/

oki fJe gqw[Zy G{fwek fBGk ;edk j?.

w[ekpb/pk}h dk wkj"b fsnko eoB ns/

fJe ;fEo nkofEesk ~ j[bkok d/D bJh

}o{oh gqpzXeh wdd fdsh iKdh j?.

oki ~ b'eszsoh, Gkrhdko, nrtkJh

eoB ns/ fB:zsqD eoB dh G{fwek fBGkT[Dh

gt/rh. fJe e[Fb, b'eszsfoe oki dhnK

ftF/FskJhnK ~ j/m fby/ nB[;ko ebwpzd

ehsk ik ;edk j? L

• Fk;B d/ w}p{s ndko/ ns/ek~B dk oki.

• Go';/:'r s/ ;[szso fBnK ndko/.• nkofEe gqfefonktK bJh gqGkth

ek~Bh YKuk.

• w[es ns/ w[ekpb/pk}h dk

tksktoB.

• ehwsK dh ;fEosk ns/ ftZshf}zw/tkoh.

• T[fus eo gqDkbh.


• fte;s ns/ w[ekpb/pk}h tkbkw}d{o, ftZsh ns/ g{zih pk}ko.

• :'r gfoubB, fB:zfsqe, skwhbeotkT[D dh ;woEk ns/ tkip fBZiheoB

ns/ ;/tktK dk fBZih jZEK ftu ;¯gDk.

• tgko ~ T[sFkfjs eoB bJhoki ns/ fBZih GkJhtkbh fi; ftu f}nkdk

}'o bx{ T[d:'rK ns/ S'N/ s/ dofwnkB/

T[d:'rK #s/ fdsk ikt/.

fJe fB:zsqe oki dh ;EkgBk dh

b'V j? fi; dk fJe tkX{ J/izvk j't/ i'

fB:zsqe j't/, ekoi e[Fbsk bJh ;j{bsK

d/t/, ;/tktK dk gZXo fBoXkos eo/, pk}ko

dhnK ewhnK ~ d{o eo/. pk}ko d/

fyvkohnK bJh T[fus fB:zsqe ns/ ek~Bh

YKuk d/t/, T[gG'rsktK, wkbeK, ekfwnK

ns/ d{i/ fjZs tkfbnK d/ jZeK dh okyh

eo/ nkfd. pk}ko nkXkfos tZy-tZy ;z;EktK,

fjZ;/dkoK, T[gG'rsktK, ekfwnK ns/ ;wki

d/ fjZsK ftu ;zs[bB fpmkT[Dk. fJ; Bkb

pokpo dk w[ekpbk, ehws, ;/tktK dk

gZXo ns/ T[gG'rsk ;[oZfynk nkfd fBFfus

j' iKd/ jB.

f;tb ; [; k fJNh dh ;jk fJef;tb ; [; k fJNh dh ;jk fJef;tb ; [; k fJNh dh ;jk fJef;tb ; [; k fJNh dh ;jk fJef;tb ; [; k fJNh dh ;jk fJe

b'eszsoh wkvb ti'I Fw{bhnsb'eszsoh wkvb ti'I Fw{bhnsb'eszsoh wkvb ti'I Fw{bhnsb'eszsoh wkvb ti'I Fw{bhnsb'eszsoh wkvb ti'I Fw{bhns

pbd/ j'J/ jkbks ftu fJj ftuko

g?dk j'fJnk fe fBZitkd, fi; dh iVQ

pk}ko ns/ pk}koh skesK d/ nkXko j/m

;oeko ftu j[zdh j?, fe;/ th ;wki bJh

ckfJd/wzd BjhI. fJ; eoe/ oki ns/

pk}ko ~ pdbt/I ;z;Ekrs ftebg bJh

f;tb ;[;kfJNh ;z;EktK iK |?o-okih

ndkfonK dh wdd dh b'V j[zdh j?.

oki d/ okiBhse wkj"b s'I pkjo

f;tb ;[;kfJNh fJe tZyo/ ns/ fBt/eb/

pdb ti'I 18thI ns/ 19thI ;dh ftu

T[Go e/ nkJh. oki iK ;oeko dh s[bBk

ftu fJj BkrfoeK ~ ;t?-rfms eoB

tZb fJFkok eodh j? ns/ fJ; dhnK iVQK

gZSw d/ soeFhb \?;fbnK ns/ okiBhse

;fGnkuko ftu jB. f;tb ;[;kfJNh

T[BQK ;w{jK dk fJe fJeZm j? i' oki tb'I

y[dw[yfsnkoh gqkgs jB. fJBQK dk j'oBK

s'I fpBK fJe w[Zy wzst nkgD/ w?IpoK dh

soc'I oki ~ gqGkts eoBk j[zdk j?.

pk}ko bkj/ d/ f;XKs #s/ uZbD

eoe/ ns/ oki dhnK ;z;EktK dh Bknfjbs

ns/ j[zrko/ dh ewh ekoB f;tb ;[;kfJNh

~ fJ; dh Gkrhdkoh, buehbkgB, xZN

B"eoFkjh, xZN ehws ns/ b'eK se gj[zu

eoe/ gqw[Zysk jk;b j'Jh. BkrfoeK dh

nkgDh GbkJh Bkb ;zpzfXs wkwfbnK ftu

fJe gqw[Zy G{fwek j[zdh j?. f;tb ;[;kfJNh

;z;EktK d/ ftek; ~ ;wkfie ftek; ti'I

t/fynk iKdk j?.

oki ns/ pk}ko ~ nkw s"o s/oki ns/ pk}ko ~ nkw s"o s/oki ns/ pk}ko ~ nkw s"o s/oki ns/ pk}ko ~ nkw s"o s/oki ns/ pk}ko ~ nkw s"o s/

d{o pfj e/ \?;b/ b?D tkb/d{o pfj e/ \?;b/ b?D tkb/d{o pfj e/ \?;b/ b?D tkb/d{o pfj e/ \?;b/ b?D tkb/d{o pfj e/ \?;b/ b?D tkb/

wzfBnk iKdk j? fiBQK dk FkfJdwzfBnk iKdk j? fiBQK dk FkfJdwzfBnk iKdk j? fiBQK dk FkfJdwzfBnk iKdk j? fiBQK dk FkfJdwzfBnk iKdk j? fiBQK dk FkfJd

;wki dh f}zdrh #s/ e'Jh pj[sk;wki dh f}zdrh #s/ e'Jh pj[sk;wki dh f}zdrh #s/ e'Jh pj[sk;wki dh f}zdrh #s/ e'Jh pj[sk;wki dh f}zdrh #s/ e'Jh pj[sk

n;o Bk j[ zdk j't/. ;wkfien;o Bk j[ zdk j't/. ;wkfien;o Bk j[ zdk j't/. ;wkfien;o Bk j[ zdk j't/. ;wkfien;o Bk j[ zdk j't/. ;wkfie

nzd'bB dk ;kjwD/ nkT[Dk, fijVhnzd'bB dk ;kjwD/ nkT[Dk, fijVhnzd'bB dk ;kjwD/ nkT[Dk, fijVhnzd'bB dk ;kjwD/ nkT[Dk, fijVhnzd'bB dk ;kjwD/ nkT[Dk, fijVh

fe BthI ;orowh j?, go i' rshfe BthI ;orowh j?, go i' rshfe BthI ;orowh j?, go i' rshfe BthI ;orowh j?, go i' rshfe BthI ;orowh j?, go i' rsh

cV ojh j?, ;wki ~ fJe tXhnkcV ojh j?, ;wki ~ fJe tXhnkcV ojh j?, ;wki ~ fJe tXhnkcV ojh j?, ;wki ~ fJe tXhnkcV ojh j?, ;wki ~ fJe tXhnk

gfog/y gqdkB eodh j? fi; ftugfog/y gqdkB eodh j? fi; ftugfog/y gqdkB eodh j? fi; ftugfog/y gqdkB eodh j? fi; ftugfog/y gqdkB eodh j? fi; ftu

;wki d/ Bt/ I gqeko (;EkBe,;wki d/ Bt/ I gqeko (;EkBe,;wki d/ Bt/ I gqeko (;EkBe,;wki d/ Bt/ I gqeko (;EkBe,;wki d/ Bt/ I gqeko (;EkBe,

;t?-fJZSs, g/F/to) Fkfwb j[zd/;t?-fJZSs, g/F/to) Fkfwb j[zd/;t?-fJZSs, g/F/to) Fkfwb j[zd/;t?-fJZSs, g/F/to) Fkfwb j[zd/;t?-fJZSs, g/F/to) Fkfwb j[zd/

jB i ' nkg;h ;fj; 'r ns /jB i ' nkg;h ;fj; 'r ns /jB i ' nkg;h ;fj; 'r ns /jB i ' nkg;h ;fj; 'r ns /jB i ' nkg;h ;fj; 'r ns /

;dGktBk sfjs ezw eod/ jB.;dGktBk sfjs ezw eod/ jB.;dGktBk sfjs ezw eod/ jB.;dGktBk sfjs ezw eod/ jB.;dGktBk sfjs ezw eod/ jB.

fJ; XkoBk ~ fdB'-fdB pb fwb

fojk j?, T[j j? oki tb'I f}nkdk s'I

f}nkdk FeshnK dk nzfFe o{g ftu

][dw[]fsnko ;z;EktK ~, ;wki ns/ ;fjekoh

;GktK ~ fte/IdoheoB. fJj fJe gqeko

dk b'eszsfoe fte/IdoheoB j?. w[es

pk}ko d/ f;XKs dhnK ;hwktK B/ fJe

@sh;o/ pdb# ~ o;sk fdsk j? i' ;oeko,

BkrfoeK ns/ fBZih cowK ~ sefVnK

eoB tZb }'o fdzdk j?.

oki s/ pk}ko dk ;fj:'roki s/ pk}ko dk ;fj:'roki s/ pk}ko dk ;fj:'roki s/ pk}ko dk ;fj:'roki s/ pk}ko dk ;fj:'r

pj[s ;kohnK T[dko noEftt;EktK

ftu th nkofEesk ~ ;jh bhj #s/ oZyD

ftu oki dk gqw[Zy :'rdkB j[zdk j?.

pk}ko nkofEesk ~ w}p{s ;oekoh

ndkfonK dh b'V j[zdh j? i' T[dwK dh

fBozsosk T[g:[es skwhbh ns/ d/yGkb

d/ sohfenK Bkb :ehBh pDkT[D. fJ;

;zdoG ftu gqpzXB dk ezw fJj :ehBh

pDkT[Dk j? fe m'; tgko dhnK BhshnK

pDB, T[g:[es ekog'o/N sohfenK Bkb,

fit/I T[dwK dh d[pkok pDso, ftZsh y/so

ns/ YKukrs ;[Xko. oki ns/ pk}ko d/

;zpzXK dh rZb eohJ/ sK wzst fJj j[zdk

j? fe ;oeko d/ oki d/ fJe :zso dh

G{fwek ~ pb fwb/ i' skwhb ns/ o;sk

fdyk ;e/. fJj pk}ko ftu w[ekpb/pk}h

d/ jkbks ~ nZr/ tXkT[D dh wzr eodk

j? fi; Bkb ;wki dhnK fefonktK, ehws

fBoXkoB, pk}ko dhnK skesK #s/ fBrQk

oZyD ns/ w[ZbzeD eoB ns/ pk}ko dhnK

n;cbsktK ~ mhe eoB dhnK b'VK

g{ohnK ehshnK ik ;eD.

oki B/ ftek; w[yh BhshnK pDkT[D,

BhshnK bkr{ eoB bJh T[g:[es ;z;Ekrs

tksktoB dk nkXko pDkT[D ftu jw/Fk

wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGkJh j? fi; Bkb

BhshnK ~ bkr{ eoB ns/ fJe ;fEo

okiBhse ns/ ;wkfie tksktoB pDkT[D

ftu nfjw G{fwek fBGkJh j?. go ftFt

g{zihtkd d/ nukBe T[Gko B/ oki dh

ekoi e[Fbsk gqfs ;tkb yVQ/ eo fds/

jB i' nkofEe f}zdrh ~ pDkT[D ftu

gqw[Zy jB. fJj brksko wfj;{; ehsk ik

fojk j? fe fe;/ th pk}ko w[yh gq'rokw

dh ;cbsk bJh oki d/ gqpzXB ns/

okiBhse nzrK dh G{fwek p/jZd wjZstg{oB

j[zdh j?. oki dh d]bnzdk}h tkbh

G{fwek fJe tZyok o{g n]fsnko eo b?Idh

j?. ;oekoh d]bnzdk}h pk}ko gqfs fwZsosk

tkbh j'Dh ukjhdh j? fi; Bkb pk}ko

;[uko{ o{g Bkb uZb ;e/, b'e gZyh j't/

ns/ ;wki gqfs T[sodkJh th j't/.

oki ns/ pk}ko d/ skbw/b bJh

;oeko dh G{fwek j/m fby/ fpzd{nK #s/


e/Idfos j'Dh ukjhdh j? L

• ;w[Zuh nkofEe Bhsh gqdkB eoBk.• b'VhIdk YKuk fte;s eoBk.• pk}ko dhnK ewhnK$yokphnK d{o

eoBhnK.

• ;/tktK dk gZXo :ehBh pDkT[Dk.• fe;/ y/so d/ fBZih T[`dwhnK

ftukb/ uzrh w[ekpb/pk}h :ehBh pDkT[Dk.

• pk}ko d/ fyvkohnK bJh T[g:[esskwhbh ek~Bh YKuk fte;s eoBk.

• T[gG'rsktK, wkbeK, ekfwnK ns/d{;o/ fjZ;/dkoK d/ fjZsK dh oZfynk eoBh.

• pk}ko d/ fyvkohnK ~ g{zih T[gbpXeokT[Dh.

• oki-;wki ftueko ;fj:'r g?dkeoBk

oki d{;ohnK ftfGzB ;wkfie ;z;EktK

Bkb fwbd/ Fk;B gqfefonk ftu fJe

wjZstg{oB G{fwek fBGkT[Idk j?. fJ;

ekoB ;fj:'r, ;fjGkrsk ns/ oki s/

;wki ftukb/ fJe d{i/ ~ T[sFkfjs eoB

#s/ }'o fdsk ik fojk j?. j/mb/ ns/

T[sb/ gZXo #s/ ;fjGkrsk dh GktBk g?dk

eoB Bkb ;wki nkgDhnK b'VK ns/

;z;kXBK #s/ fB:zsqD eo ;e/rk. ftek;Fhb

d/FK ftu ;w{fje ;t?-wdd eoB tkbhnK

eJh gqeko dhnK gj[zu gZXshnK ;kjwD/

nk ojhnK jB fi; Bkb nkw b'VK,

fit/I o[Zy bkT[D/, gkDh dh tzv ns/ f;zikJh

torhnK b'VK g{ohnK ehshnK ik ;edhnK

jB.

oki ns/ ;wki ftukb/ ;fj:'r g?dk

eoB bJh Y[ethnK BhshnK dh b'V j? L

• ;w{fje ns/ ;jfGkrsk tkbhnKgqfefonktK dk ftek; ns/ T[BQK ~ w}p{sh

gqdkB eoBk.

• ;z;Ekrs ftek; ~ j[bkok

d/Dk fi; ;dek ;z;XBK ~ fJeZm/ eoB,

skbw/b ns/ fJe d{i/ Bkb i[VB ftu

wdd fwb ;e/.

• gkodoFsk, ;Fes s/ itkpd/jh:ehBh pDkT[Dk.

• wB[Zyh ;woZEktK ~ w}p{s eoBk.fte;s ns / ftek;Fhb, ;ko /fte;s ns / ftek;Fhb, ;ko /fte;s ns / ftek;Fhb, ;ko /fte;s ns / ftek;Fhb, ;ko /fte;s ns / ftek;Fhb, ;ko /

d /FK e'b otkfJsh gqp zXB dhd/FK e'b otkfJsh gqp zXB dhd/FK e'b otkfJsh gqp zXB dhd/FK e'b otkfJsh gqp zXB dhd/FK e'b otkfJsh gqp zXB dh

ftebfge gqDkbh j[ zdh j?. goftebfge gqDkbh j[ zdh j?. goftebfge gqDkbh j[ zdh j?. goftebfge gqDkbh j[ zdh j?. goftebfge gqDkbh j[ zdh j?. go

ftFtheoB dk n;o fJzBk fsZyk j?ftFtheoB dk n;o fJzBk fsZyk j?ftFtheoB dk n;o fJzBk fsZyk j?ftFtheoB dk n;o fJzBk fsZyk j?ftFtheoB dk n;o fJzBk fsZyk j?

fe fJ; dk iBse ;z;EktK dhnKfe fJ; dk iBse ;z;EktK dhnKfe fJ; dk iBse ;z;EktK dhnKfe fJ; dk iBse ;z;EktK dhnKfe fJ; dk iBse ;z;EktK dhnK

edoK-ehwsK #s/ th n;o fgnkedoK-ehwsK #s/ th n;o fgnkedoK-ehwsK #s/ th n;o fgnkedoK-ehwsK #s/ th n;o fgnkedoK-ehwsK #s/ th n;o fgnk

j ?. fJ; eoe/ ftFtheoB d/j ?. fJ; eoe/ ftFtheoB d/j ?. fJ; eoe/ ftFtheoB d/j ?. fJ; eoe/ ftFtheoB d/j ?. fJ; eoe/ ftFtheoB d/

b'eszsoheoB bJh th s"yb/ gqrNb'eszsoheoB bJh th s"yb/ gqrNb'eszsoheoB bJh th s"yb/ gqrNb'eszsoheoB bJh th s"yb/ gqrNb'eszsoheoB bJh th s"yb/ gqrN

ehs/ rJ/ fi; sfjs Y[et/I ;[XkoKehs/ rJ/ fi; sfjs Y[et/I ;[XkoKehs/ rJ/ fi; sfjs Y[et/I ;[XkoKehs/ rJ/ fi; sfjs Y[et/I ;[XkoKehs/ rJ/ fi; sfjs Y[et/I ;[XkoK

Bkb fJ; d/ BKj gZyh gqGktK BkbBkb fJ; d/ BKj gZyh gqGktK BkbBkb fJ; d/ BKj gZyh gqGktK BkbBkb fJ; d/ BKj gZyh gqGktK BkbBkb fJ; d/ BKj gZyh gqGktK Bkb

f;ZfMnk ik ;e/.f;ZfMnk ik ;e/.f;ZfMnk ik ;e/.f;ZfMnk ik ;e/.f;ZfMnk ik ;e/.

fJj Bt/I NhfunK dh g{osh bJh

gqpzXB dh fdFk, dFk ns/ ;woZEk ~

pdbD dh wzr eodk j?. ftek;, i' ikoh

ofjD:'r, fbzr ;zt/dBFhb ns/ b'e w[yh

j't/, bJh ;w[Zfus gj[zu dh b'V j[zdh j?.

ftek; ~ nZr/ tXkT[D bJh gfjbK tkbh

;hws oki tkbh gj[zu oki, pk}ko ns/

f;tb ;';kfJNh, oki dh G{fwek ~ okj

fdzdh B}o nk ojh j?. gqpzXB ~

j/m fdshnK u[B"shnK bJh fsnko j'Dk

gt/rk L-

• oki ns/ |?o-oki fXoK d/ ndkfonKdh g[Bo ftnkfynk, p/jso ;ztkd ns/

;fj:'r bJh YKuk pDkT[Dk.

• T[g:[es ek~B ns/ wkBdzv pDkT[D/i' }o{oh gfotosB$bkr{ eoB, ;fEosk

ns/ ftFtk; ~ tXkT[D.

• fJe g/F/to f;tb ;oft; dkfBowkD fi; ftu }o{oh fBgz[Bsk, ebk

e"Fb, iBse ;/tktK dh Bhsh, ;fjGkrsk

ns/ Bkrfoe gZyh r[D j'D.

(b/fyek iBse gqFk;B dk gq'c?;o, ;e{b

nk\ ;'Fb ;kfJz;}, fJzdok rKXh B?FBb

UgB :{Bhtof;Nh, BthI fdZbh j?.)


gbhsh Go/ jB go fJj nfij/ y/so ftu

T[d:'fre g{zih fBt/F ftu o[ektN f;ZX j'

;ed/ jB fi; dk T[d:'rheoB Bk j'D

ekoB pj[s gbhsh tkbk BjhI j'fJnk j?.

fJj tZy-tZy soQK d/ n;o s'I f;ZNk

fBebdk j? fe fJe' fijk Bhsh YKuk jo

jkbks ftu n;odko BjhI j' ;edk.

fB:zsqD tX/o/ buehbk j'Dk ukjhdk j?

ns/ gqFk;eK ~ fB:fwsktK ~ ;EkBe

b'VK ns/ fuzsktK nB[;ko bkr{ eoB dh

tX/o/ y[ZbQ j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fJe okFNoh

Bhsh YKuk ;G okiK ns/ y/soK bJh

Y[etK BjhI j' ;edk ns/ BhshnK ftu

fJBQK fGzBsktK dh Mbe j'Dh ukjhdh j?

ns/ T[BQK ~ bkr{ eoB ftu tX/o/

buehbkgB j'Dk ukjhdk j?.

ftFtheoB dh tX ojh rsh B/

okFNoh ;oekoK bJh tZvhnK u[B"shnK

yVQhnK ehshnK jB. fJj T[d'I s'I jB

id'I s'I 1990 d/ djke/ d/ F[o{ d/ ;kbK

s'I fJ; gqfefonk ftu s/}h nkJh. GftZy

ftu fJ; gqfefonk s'I j'o th tZvhnK

u[B"shnK fwbD dh nk; j?. seBkb'ih

dk s/} rsh ftek;, T[sgkdB ns/

;/tktK d/D dk ftFtheoB ns/ xo/b{

g{zih fBt/F bJh pzdFK xZN eoB dh

gqfefonk ;oekoK ~ nkgDhnK xo/b{

fB;wsktK dk ftFth fwnkoK Bkb tX/o/

s/} rsh ;[w/b eoB bJh w}p{o eo/rk.

go okFNoh ;oekoK dh fJj :ehBh

pDkT[D bJh f}zw/tkoh th j' iKdh j? fe

T[j nfij/ ;[w/b d/ xo/b{ n;o dk

Nkeok eoB bJh tX/o/ fsnko ofjD.

fJ; Bkb fJj :ehBh j't/rk fe nfij/

;[w/b d/ jK-gZyh n;o T[; d/ T[bN

n;oK T[go Gkoh g?Id/ jB ns/ nfijk

;[w/b efbnkDekoh j?.

(b/ye fJzvhnB fJz;NhfuT{N nk\ w?B/iw?IN,

e'beksk ftu gq'\?;o j?.)


;\k 13 dh pkeh;\k 13 dh pkeh;\k 13 dh pkeh;\k 13 dh pkeh;\k 13 dh pkeh



21thI ;dh bJh f;tb ;/tk21thI ;dh bJh f;tb ;/tk21thI ;dh bJh f;tb ;/tk21thI ;dh bJh f;tb ;/tk21thI ;dh bJh f;tb ;/tk

wBhF ;ZGotkbwBhF ;ZGotkbwBhF ;ZGotkbwBhF ;ZGotkbwBhF ;ZGotkb

osh f;tb ;/tk u'D ftu T[bMDK

ns/ fttkd ek\h gfjbK s'I F[o{

j' u[Ze/ jB. 1854 ftu y[Zb/Q gqfs:'rsk

fJwfsjkB F[o{ eoB dk :{Bhtof;NhnK

tb'I fJ; w[Zd/ #s/ fto'X ehsk frnk fe

@oZNk brkT[D tkb/# ;z;EkBK d/ ftfdnkoEh

:{Bhtof;Nh d/ ftfdnkoEhnK Bkb'I tX/o/

ekw:kp ofjDr/ feT[Ife fJ; fJwfsjkB

bJh sZEK dh pj[s w}p{s :kdkFs

pDkT[D dh b'V j?. ;o ukob; n?uh;B

dh gqXkBrh j/m fJe gpfbe ;oft;

efwFB B/ 1886 ftu Bk f;o\ oki

f;tb ;/tk ekfJw ehsh ;r'I GkoshnK

bJh tkfJ;okJ/ dh e¯;b d/ fJe w?Ipo d/

fto'X d/ pkti{d Gkosh BkrfoeK bJh

nkJh ;h n?; d/ dotk}/ y'bQ fds/. T[;

w?Ipo dk fto'X ;h fe Gkosh B"itkB

:{ogh b'eK Bkb'I fes/ tZX fJwfsjkB d/D

ftu s/} ;B ns/ S/sh jh nZXh ;oft;

pzrkbhnK Bkb Go ikt/rh. nk}kdh s'I

wro'I f;tb ;/tktK dk YKuk pj[sk eoe/

nzro/}h je{ws d/ YKu/ s'I fbnk j'fJnk

jh fojk. feT[Ife j'o e'Jh m'; ftebg

BjhI ;B, fJ; bJh fJ; ftu ;w/I Bkb

pdbkn nkfJnk ns/ ;G s'I tXhnk

T[whdtko fJ; bJh nZr/ nkJ/. go

Gkos j[D pdb frnk j? ns/ ;k~ b'V

j? fJe p[fBnkdh pdbkn dh fe fe;

soQK n;hI u'D eod/ jK, gd T[Bsh fdzd/

jK ns/ f;tb eowukohnK ~ i'yw T[mkT[D

bJh w}p{s eod/ jK ns/ T[BQK d/

joikB/ God/ jK.

Gkosh f;tb ;/tk ~ w[ZYb/ gZXo dh

Gosh bJh pj[sk Mzi'VB dh b'V BjhI

j?. fJj nkw s"o s/ ;G bJh pokpoh

tkbk, gkodoFh ns/ ;zx b'e ;/tk nk:'r

tb'I fJe pj[s p/jso sohe/ ubkfJnk ik

fojk j?. go fe;/ th ;z;EkB ftu fiE/

f;o\ fJe gZXo #s/ jh Gosh j[zdh j't/

ns/ Bkekpb gqpzXB j't/ (fvZrD dk vo

ns/ T[mD dh T[whd) fJe nB[fus G'rh,

y[d fBod/Fkswe ns/ fefonkjhD j' iKdk

j?. T[u/ nj[fdnK bJh f;ZXh u'D Gosh

gqfefonk ftu fJe pj[s gfjbK s'I j'

ikD tkbh ns/ pj[s n;odko BthBsk

j?. fJj nkw s"o s/ wzfBnk iKdk j? fe

;G s'I T[uk gd fi; T[go f;tb nfXekoh

nkgD/ nkg gd T[Bsh b?Id/ j'J/ gj[zu

ikD, ;z:[es ;eZso ns/ T[; d/ pokpo

dk j'Dk ukjhdk j?. T[; s'I T[go f;tb

;/tk nfXekohnK d/ g{b ~ pkjoh T[whdtkoK

(d{;ohnK ;/tktK, f;tb ;';kfJNh ns/

fBZih y/so s'I) Bkb w[ekpb/ okjhI u'D

j'Dh ukjhdh j?. fJj nk;kB BjhI j't/rk

go ;zx b'e ;/tk nk:'r (:{HghHn?;H;hH)

~ T[u f;tb gdK s/ Gosh bJh fJe

gkodoFh ns/ T[fus w[ekpb/ dh gqfefonk

;Ekgs eoB bJh fejk ik ;edk j?.

fJj j"bh-j"bh c"i dh @soZeh iK pkjo#

Bhsh ftu ;[Xko fbnk e/, fi; ftu tZy-

tZy o?IeK bJh nbr-nbr ;/tk w[esh

T[go oyh rJh j? sK i' fJj ;z;EkB

nkgD/ nkg ftu BthBsk fbnkT[Idk ofjzdk

j?, j'o w}p{s ehsk ik ;edk j?.

f;tb ;/tktK bJh wkBth ;o'sf;tb ;/tktK bJh wkBth ;o'sf;tb ;/tktK bJh wkBth ;o'sf;tb ;/tktK bJh wkBth ;o'sf;tb ;/tktK bJh wkBth ;o's

YKu/ ftu ;G s'I wjZstg{oB d]b-YKu/ ftu ;G s'I wjZstg{oB d]b-YKu/ ftu ;G s'I wjZstg{oB d]b-YKu/ ftu ;G s'I wjZstg{oB d]b-YKu/ ftu ;G s'I wjZstg{oB d]b-

nzdk}h j? ekpbhns d/ nkXkonzdk}h j? ekpbhns d/ nkXkonzdk}h j? ekpbhns d/ nkXkonzdk}h j? ekpbhns d/ nkXkonzdk}h j? ekpbhns d/ nkXko

#s/ gqpzXB. ukb{ gqDkbh @g{o/ p?u##s/ gqpzXB. ukb{ gqDkbh @g{o/ p?u##s/ gqpzXB. ukb{ gqDkbh @g{o/ p?u##s/ gqpzXB. ukb{ gqDkbh @g{o/ p?u##s/ gqpzXB. ukb{ gqDkbh @g{o/ p?u#

dh gd T[`Bsh ns/ ew}'o w[ZbzeDdh gd T[`Bsh ns/ ew}'o w[ZbzeDdh gd T[`Bsh ns/ ew}'o w[ZbzeDdh gd T[`Bsh ns/ ew}'o w[ZbzeDdh gd T[`Bsh ns/ ew}'o w[ZbzeD

fi; ftu 90 gqfsFs ns/ T[; s'Ifi; ftu 90 gqfsFs ns/ T[; s'Ifi; ftu 90 gqfsFs ns/ T[; s'Ifi; ftu 90 gqfsFs ns/ T[; s'Ifi; ftu 90 gqfsFs ns/ T[; s'I

th tX/o/ T[whdtko w[ZbzeD dkth tX/o/ T[whdtko w[ZbzeD dkth tX/o/ T[whdtko w[ZbzeD dkth tX/o/ T[whdtko w[ZbzeD dkth tX/o/ T[whdtko w[ZbzeD dk

;G s'I T[ùk doik jk;b eo;G s'I T[ùk doik jk;b eo;G s'I T[ùk doik jk;b eo;G s'I T[ùk doik jk;b eo;G s'I T[ùk doik jk;b eo

b?Id/ jB. fJ; bJh gqDkbh dhb?Id/ jB. fJ; bJh gqDkbh dhb?Id/ jB. fJ; bJh gqDkbh dhb?Id/ jB. fJ; bJh gqDkbh dhb?Id/ jB. fJ; bJh gqDkbh dh

uzr/-wzd/ eowukohnK dh gSkDuzr/-wzd/ eowukohnK dh gSkDuzr/-wzd/ eowukohnK dh gSkDuzr/-wzd/ eowukohnK dh gSkDuzr/-wzd/ eowukohnK dh gSkD

eoB ftu Bk ekpbhns j?. fe;/eoB ftu Bk ekpbhns j?. fe;/eoB ftu Bk ekpbhns j?. fe;/eoB ftu Bk ekpbhns j?. fe;/eoB ftu Bk ekpbhns j?. fe;/

th ;[Xko dk fJj T[d/F thth ;[Xko dk fJj T[d/F thth ;[Xko dk fJj T[d/F thth ;[Xko dk fJj T[d/F thth ;[Xko dk fJj T[d/F th

j'Dk ukjhdk j? fe f;tb ;/tkj'Dk ukjhdk j? fe f;tb ;/tkj'Dk ukjhdk j? fe f;tb ;/tkj'Dk ukjhdk j? fe f;tb ;/tkj'Dk ukjhdk j? fe f;tb ;/tk

nfXekohnK ~ ;G s'I T[ù/ gdnfXekohnK ~ ;G s'I T[ù/ gdnfXekohnK ~ ;G s'I T[ù/ gdnfXekohnK ~ ;G s'I T[ù/ gdnfXekohnK ~ ;G s'I T[ù/ gd

T[; t/b/ fe; soQK fds/ ik ;ed/T[; t/b/ fe; soQK fds/ ik ;ed/T[; t/b/ fe; soQK fds/ ik ;ed/T[; t/b/ fe; soQK fds/ ik ;ed/T[; t/b/ fe; soQK fds/ ik ;ed/

jB id'I T[j 45 ;kbK dh T[wojB id'I T[j 45 ;kbK dh T[wojB id'I T[j 45 ;kbK dh T[wojB id'I T[j 45 ;kbK dh T[wojB id'I T[j 45 ;kbK dh T[wo

#s/ gj[zud/ jB ns/ Bk fe 58#s/ gj[zud/ jB ns/ Bk fe 58#s/ gj[zud/ jB ns/ Bk fe 58#s/ gj[zud/ jB ns/ Bk fe 58#s/ gj[zud/ jB ns/ Bk fe 58

;kbK dh T[wo #s/.;kbK dh T[wo #s/.;kbK dh T[wo #s/.;kbK dh T[wo #s/.;kbK dh T[wo #s/.

f;tb ;/tk ns/ fBZih y/so ftu

gfjb/ gzi ;kbK dh B"eoh ftu nfXeko

ns/ siopk fizB/ nzso tkbk j? T[; s'I

tZX nzso tkbk BjhI j' ;edk. fiE/ w/o/

fij/ fBZih y/so d/ nfXekohnK dk ezw

c'N' ekgh eoBk, whfNzrK d/ uou/ }kpsk

eoBk, nDukjhnK ftZeoh tXkT{ N?bh\'B

ekbK eoBk ns/ p/b'V/ ns/ r[zMbdko

nzefVnK ~ tZvhnK-tZvhnK ;hNK #s/ T[bheDk

j[zdk j?, T[E/ w/o/ f;tb ;/tk tkb/ fwZso

f}fbQnK dk gqpzX ubkT[Id/ jB, Gkoh

oewK you eod/ jB ns/ nwB ns/

GkGkGkGkGk


ek~B fij/ w[Zd/ d/yd/ jB. go fiT[I-fiT[I

;wK phsdk j?, jw-T[woK ftu fJe tZvh

fGzBsk T[Go nkT[Idh j?. fBZih y/so d/

b'eK ~ fiT[I jh tX//o/ ekw:kph fwbdh j?

T[BQK dh ]so/ T[mkT[D dh ;woEk pj[s

tX iKdh j?. go f;tb nfXekohnK ~

tX/o/ soZeh fwbdh j?. fJj soZeh T[gob/

nj[fdnK T[go uVQB se ;hws j[zdh j?

ns/ T[BQK dh ]so/ T[mkT[D dh ;woEk

xkseh sohe/ xNdh j?. fJj pj[s tZvh

;wZf;nk j?. fe;/ th ;z;EkB ftu, Gkt/I

T[j ;oekoh j't/, fBZih iK |?o w[Bk\k

;z;EkB, T[u gdK T[go p?m/ nfXekohnK

ftu ;wM Bkb'I fjzws dh tX/o/ b'V j[zdh

j?. }kfjok s"o s/, |?o ;zfrnkBh ;k\N

j[Bo dk wkg eoBk pj[s n"yk j? ns/

iBse Bhsh T[BQK ekoiK Bkb'I fiBQK d/

;gZFN Nhu/, fJBg[N ns/ ;w/I dh fwnkd

j[zdh j?, Bkb'I fes/ tZX pj[-gZyh ns/

r[zMbdko j[zdh j?. go ukb{ gqDkbh f}zw/

tkoh d/ fwnko BkgD bJh pj[s w[rkbs/

tkbh j? (eh s[;hI fpBK fdwkr brkJ/

u?e ;{uhnK, ekfJd/ ek~B ns/ sohe/

ngDkT[Id/ j', f}zw/tkoh dk fwnko wkgD

bJh) eh s[;hI mhe eo oj/ j'< ns/ n"yk

ezw j'Dk e'fFF eoB d/ ;kjwD/ e'Jh

soe BjhI j?. ;k~ nfijh w[ZbzeD gqDkbh

dh b'V j? i' ifNbsk ~ wkBsk d/t/

(nk;kB sohe/ ubkT[D/ ;"y/ j[zd/ jB ns/

Y[et/I j' ;ed/ jB go T[j g{o/ BjhI j'

;ed/), pokpoh tkbk j't/ (10 gqfsFs

rbshnK tkip jB go e'Jh Fokos BjhI

j'Dh ukjhdh) ns/ ;z;Ekrs j't/ (:{ gh

n?; ;h dk ekoi y/so u'D s'I tXk e/

e?ohno gqpzXB se feT[I Bk eo fdsk

ikt/<). ekpbhns ~ doikrs eoB

bJh 25 gqfsFs ;G s'I ekpb Fq/Dh ftu

oy/ ik ;ed/ jB. fJj fj;kph s"o s/ th

n;zGt j? fe fJe p?u ftu ;G dh o/

fNzr n";s s'I T[go j't/. fJe tX/o/ uzrh

gqpzXB gqDkbh ;kv/ joikB/ d/ gqpzXB ~

th Mzi'V d/t/rh. nZi ;oeko d/ ;G s'I

T[u nfXekohnK ~ j?;hns s'I xZN g?;/

fwb oj/ jB ns/ ;G s'I EZb/ d/

nfXekohnK ~ j?;hns s'I tZX. e'Jh

e[Fbsk ndkfJrh iK S[g/ bkG th BjhI

jB, fi; dk noE j? fe ;oeko ~ e[Zb

youk sB]kj d/ uko r[Dk pokpo g?Idk

j?. fBZih y/so ftu ezgBh #s/ youk g?D

dk ubD pj[s bkGdkfJe f;ZX j'fJnk j?

fi; ftu w[nkt}k gkodofFsk j? ns/

T[whd ehsh ik ;edh j? fe nrbk

sB]kj efwFB fJj bkG f;tb eowukohnK

bJh th d/t/rk.

T[go fds/ ;G fszB B[es/ f;tb

;/tk ftu ;[Xko d/ T[d/F, BthnK-BthnK

y'iK fbnkT[Dk ns/ ]so/ T[mk ;eD Bkb

i[V/ jB. Gkos dhnK ;wZf;nktK e?I;o

iK w";wh pdbkn dh soQK BjhI jB fiBQK

d/ jZb nk;kBh Bkb gsk BjhI j[zd/.

Gkos dhnK pj[s ;kohnK ;wZf;nktK fe;/

Bk fe;/ g[okDh ew/Nh Bkb ;zpzfXs jB

fiBQK d/ jZb T[; B/ ;[MkJ/ jB. go eh

j?, d/ ;tkb s'I nZr/ tX e/ fet/I d/

;tkb d/ jZb bJh fjzws, brksko bZr/

ofjDk ns/ BthBsk fbnkT[D dh fJZSk

Fesh ukjhdh j?. go pdfe;wsh fJj j?

fe ;G fe;w dh BthBsk |?o bkGekoh

j?. p/Fe ]so/ dk fto'X fBZih y/so Bkb'I

f;tb eowukohnK ftu tX/o/ j[zdk j't/,

go ;oeko fijhnK tZvhnK ns/ T[bMDdko

gqDkbhnK ftu s/}h Bkb p[fBnkdh pdbkn

d/ |?o-FBkysh Bshi/ g?dk j' iKd/ jB.

fit/I ;h dh ;fEsh ;w/I Bkb'I f;nkDg

tkbh brdh j?, fJ; bJh ekfJd/ ek~BK

ns/ sohe/ ngDkT[D ftu jh ;wMdkoh

brdh j?. go fJj YKukrs ]so/ dk

fto'X ;Zu fgZS/ p?m/ ;z;EkBK tb'I uzrh

soQK T[xkfVnk frnk j? (;h ph nkJh, ;h

th ;h, ;h J/ ih, whvhnk, |?o ;oekoh

;z;EkB, n?B J/ ;h ns/ ndkbsK) i'

X'ykXVh, Bkekpbhns ns/ p[oh fe;ws

ftu coe BjhI eod/. e'Jh th vkeNo

fJj dZ; ;edk j? fe g';N wkoNw ftu

fBFfussk j? i' B[;f]nK ftu BjhI j?.

B"itkB bhvoK dk e/; dh fJ; ]so/

T[mkT[D d/ B[es/ Bkb i[fVnk j?. B"itkB

bhvoK dk e/; BK sK BtK j? ns/ Bk jh

fBZih ns/ iBse y/so s'I nbr j?. tZX

s'I tZX Fesh f;oiB, y[ZbQfdbh, pjkdoh,

buehbkgB ns/ Fesh.

fit/I fe i';\ e"Bokv B/ fbfynkfit/I fe i';\ e"Bokv B/ fbfynkfit/I fe i';\ e"Bokv B/ fbfynkfit/I fe i';\ e"Bokv B/ fbfynkfit/I fe i';\ e"Bokv B/ fbfynk

j?, w?~ w/oh B"itkB T[wo :kdj?, w?~ w/oh B"itkB T[wo :kdj?, w?~ w/oh B"itkB T[wo :kdj?, w?~ w/oh B"itkB T[wo :kdj?, w?~ w/oh B"itkB T[wo :kd

j? ns/ T[j nfj;k; :kd j? i'j? ns/ T[j nfj;k; :kd j? i'j? ns/ T[j nfj;k; :kd j? i'j? ns/ T[j nfj;k; :kd j? i'j? ns/ T[j nfj;k; :kd j? i'

w[V e/ ed/ BjhI nkt/rk -w[V e/ ed/ BjhI nkt/rk -w[V e/ ed/ BjhI nkt/rk -w[V e/ ed/ BjhI nkt/rk -w[V e/ ed/ BjhI nkt/rk -

nfijk nfj;k; fe w? I ed/nfijk nfj;k; fe w? I ed/nfijk nfj;k; fe w? I ed/nfijk nfj;k; fe w? I ed/nfijk nfj;k; fe w? I ed/

]sw BjhI j'tKrk, w?I ;G ;w[zdoK,]sw BjhI j'tKrk, w?I ;G ;w[zdoK,]sw BjhI j'tKrk, w?I ;G ;w[zdoK,]sw BjhI j'tKrk, w?I ;G ;w[zdoK,]sw BjhI j'tKrk, w?I ;G ;w[zdoK,

Xosh ns/ ;G nkdwhnK s'I tZXXosh ns/ ;G nkdwhnK s'I tZXXosh ns/ ;G nkdwhnK s'I tZXXosh ns/ ;G nkdwhnK s'I tZXXosh ns/ ;G nkdwhnK s'I tZX

fiT[Idk ojKrk.# go Gkos ftufiT[Idk ojKrk.# go Gkos ftufiT[Idk ojKrk.# go Gkos ftufiT[Idk ojKrk.# go Gkos ftufiT[Idk ojKrk.# go Gkos ftu

B"itkB bhvoK dk e/; j'o thB"itkB bhvoK dk e/; j'o thB"itkB bhvoK dk e/; j'o thB"itkB bhvoK dk e/; j'o thB"itkB bhvoK dk e/; j'o th

w}p{s j?. 45 ;kb dh T[wow}p{s j?. 45 ;kb dh T[wow}p{s j?. 45 ;kb dh T[wow}p{s j?. 45 ;kb dh T[wow}p{s j?. 45 ;kb dh T[wo

d/ pzd/ o?r{b/Noh gdK (n?B vhd/ pzd/ o?r{b/Noh gdK (n?B vhd/ pzd/ o?r{b/Noh gdK (n?B vhd/ pzd/ o?r{b/Noh gdK (n?B vhd/ pzd/ o?r{b/Noh gdK (n?B vh

n?`w J/, ;h ;h nkJh, NokJh,n?`w J/, ;h ;h nkJh, NokJh,n?`w J/, ;h ;h nkJh, NokJh,n?`w J/, ;h ;h nkJh, NokJh,n?`w J/, ;h ;h nkJh, NokJh,

fJovk nkfd) T[go B}o BjhIfJovk nkfd) T[go B}o BjhIfJovk nkfd) T[go B}o BjhIfJovk nkfd) T[go B}o BjhIfJovk nkfd) T[go B}o BjhI

oyd/ i' nkw s"o s/ ;/tk w[esoyd/ i' nkw s"o s/ ;/tk w[esoyd/ i' nkw s"o s/ ;/tk w[esoyd/ i' nkw s"o s/ ;/tk w[esoyd/ i' nkw s"o s/ ;/tk w[es

nfXekohnK d/ fj Z; / nkT[ Id /nfXekohnK d/ fj Z; / nkT[ Id /nfXekohnK d/ fj Z; / nkT[ Id /nfXekohnK d/ fj Z; / nkT[ Id /nfXekohnK d/ fj Z; / nkT[ Id /

jB - e[M :'rsk d/ nkXko #s/jB - e[M :'rsk d/ nkXko #s/jB - e[M :'rsk d/ nkXko #s/jB - e[M :'rsk d/ nkXko #s/jB - e[M :'rsk d/ nkXko #s/

go pj[s eoe/ okiBhse g;zdgo pj[s eoe/ okiBhse g;zdgo pj[s eoe/ okiBhse g;zdgo pj[s eoe/ okiBhse g;zdgo pj[s eoe/ okiBhse g;zd

ekoB. B"itkB B/sk p[}fdbhekoB. B"itkB B/sk p[}fdbhekoB. B"itkB B/sk p[}fdbhekoB. B"itkB B/sk p[}fdbhekoB. B"itkB B/sk p[}fdbh

dh ;wZf;nk dk th jZb bZGdh ;wZf;nk dk th jZb bZGdh ;wZf;nk dk th jZb bZGdh ;wZf;nk dk th jZb bZGdh ;wZf;nk dk th jZb bZG

b?Id/ jB.b?Id/ jB.b?Id/ jB.b?Id/ jB.b?Id/ jB.

bzp/ ;w/I bJh gd #s/ pD/ ofjD

Bkb Bt/I gd Xkoe nbr ekoi eo

;ed/ jB pfB;ps fJ; d/ fe T[;/ ekoi

~ nbr sohe/ ehsk ikt/. 45 ;kb dh

T[wo d/ gd nfXekohnK ~ nkgDhnK

rbshnK ;[XkoB dk tX/o/ w"ek fwbdk j?

fi; Bkb T[j o{VQhtkdh Bk ofj e/ T[j

f;oiBkswe wbhnkw/N eoBk u[D ;ed/

jB. fit/I fe cokf;; p/eB B/ fejk j?,

@B"itkB goyD Bkb'I BthBsk fbnkT[D

bJh tX/o/ ekpb j[zd/ jB ns/ ;bkj


d/D ns/ ukb{ ezw-eko'pko ubkT[D dh

pikfJ bkr{ eoB bJh tX/o/ ekpb j[zd/

jB. jotkov e?B/vh ;e{b dk b?IN fguN

nkgD/ wFj{o d;skt/} @nkdwh ns/ ckow{bk#

ftu fJ; fto'Xsk ~ T[xkVdk j? i' @i/eo

s[;hI gfjbh tko ekw:kp BjhI j[zd/ sK

pko-pko e'fFF eo'# ns/ @pko-pko fJe'

ezw eoh ikDk ns/ nbr Bshi/ T[whd

eoBk p/te{ch j?# ftueko j?. T[; dk

efjDk j? fe ;jh Gkt noE fJj j'Dk

ukjhdk j? fe @i/eo s[;hI gfjbh tko

ekw:kp BjhI j[zd/ sK e[ZM nbr eoB dh

e'fFF# ns/ @;wo{g Beb# d/ f]bk\

u/sktBh th fdzdk j? i' e?wkcbk} bJh

fd;jZfdnK dh Beb eoBk j[zdk j?.

T[dkjoD d/ s"o s/ ehBhnk ftu ;G s'I

tXhnk foFtsy'oh fto'Xh ek~B jB, Gkos

ftu gqkfJwoh f;Zfynk ftu 100 gqfsFs

dkybk j? go gVQkJh dk gZXo pj[s

xNhnk j?, ;kvh ;oekoh nzefVnK nB[;ko

2 gqfsFs p/o[}rkoh do go ftnkge

rohph j?, nkfd. T[j Bhsh ftu

buehb/gB dh tekbs eodk j? fi; ftu

nzefVnK ns/ f}zw/tkoh d/ wkgdzv ftu

coe j'D ekoB ;ys fBoB/ b?D bJh

rbshnK eoB ns/ siop/ eoB dh

r[zikfJF j't/. fJj ]k; s"o s/ Gkos

T[go bkr[ j[zdk j? fiE/ ;Zu fgZS/ p?m/

;z;EkBK tb'I X'ykXVh, ekpbhns ns/ p[oh

fe;ws ftu coe Bk ;wMDk Bk f;o\

Bhsh fBoXkoB ;r'I Bhsh bkr{ eoB dk

th xkD eo fojk j?.

iBse Bhsh bJh w/ok ;G s'I tZvk

;tkb fJj j? fe s[;hI ;oeko ftu fe;

soQK T[j e[M eo ;ed/ j' fi; Bkb

;oeko ftu n;o o;{y tkb/ ;G ;zpzfXs

nfXekoh ;fjws j[zd/ jB. id'I w?I B"itkB

;h ns/ w/oh gj[zu BjhI ;h, w?I fJ; ;'u

dk ;h fe tX/o/ T[u nfXekoh w/o/ Bkb

;fjws BjhI jB. j[D w/oh g{oh gj[zu j?

ns/ jo e'Jh T[BQK 10 B[eksh Bhsh

pdbktK Bkb ;fjws j? i' w?I nkgD/ iB

nzeeh bkGKF bJh }'o bk fojk jK

(o[}rko d\so, ngo?IfN;fFg, t'e/FBb

:{Bhto-f;NhnK, bkGekoh okigkm, nkfd).

n;hI nkgD/ f;tb eowukohnK tb'I

ftFkb, pjkdoh tkbh ns/ f;oiBkswe

;'u oyD dh b'V wfj;{; eod/ jK.

Ffjohtkd dk gZygksh i/B i/ep} wfj;{;

eodk j? fe FkBdko j'Dk, ;jh noEK

ftu tZvhnK T[gbpXhnK jk;b eoB

tkb/, ;w[Zu/ fJfsjk; ftu B/sktK dh

ftF/Fsk ojh j? Bk f;o\ T[BQK dk

Gog{osk tZb fgnko ;r'I fJ; bJh th fe

T[j b'eK ~ nkgD/ Bkb fwbk e/ ubkT[D

dh fJZSk oyd/ jB.

n;hI d/F dk ftek; fe; soQKn;hI d/F dk ftek; fe; soQKn;hI d/F dk ftek; fe; soQKn;hI d/F dk ftek; fe; soQKn;hI d/F dk ftek; fe; soQK

eohJ/, n;hI ;wkfie fBnK fe;eohJ/, n;hI ;wkfie fBnK fe;eohJ/, n;hI ;wkfie fBnK fe;eohJ/, n;hI ;wkfie fBnK fe;eohJ/, n;hI ;wkfie fBnK fe;

soQK d/JhJ/ ns/ n;hI fe; soQKsoQK d/JhJ/ ns/ n;hI fe; soQKsoQK d/JhJ/ ns/ n;hI fe; soQKsoQK d/JhJ/ ns/ n;hI fe; soQKsoQK d/JhJ/ ns/ n;hI fe; soQK

rohph jNkJhJ/< go eJh ekoBKrohph jNkJhJ/< go eJh ekoBKrohph jNkJhJ/< go eJh ekoBKrohph jNkJhJ/< go eJh ekoBKrohph jNkJhJ/< go eJh ekoBK

eoe/, itkp nbr jB feT[Ifeeoe/, itkp nbr jB feT[Ifeeoe/, itkp nbr jB feT[Ifeeoe/, itkp nbr jB feT[Ifeeoe/, itkp nbr jB feT[Ife

30 bZy b'e fe;/ Bk fe;/ u'D30 bZy b'e fe;/ Bk fe;/ u'D30 bZy b'e fe;/ Bk fe;/ u'D30 bZy b'e fe;/ Bk fe;/ u'D30 bZy b'e fe;/ Bk fe;/ u'D

ftu fiZs/ jB ns/ feT[Ife nrb/ftu fiZs/ jB ns/ feT[Ife nrb/ftu fiZs/ jB ns/ feT[Ife nrb/ftu fiZs/ jB ns/ feT[Ife nrb/ftu fiZs/ jB ns/ feT[Ife nrb/

thj ;kbK se d; bZy pZu/ jothj ;kbK se d; bZy pZu/ jothj ;kbK se d; bZy pZu/ jothj ;kbK se d; bZy pZu/ jothj ;kbK se d; bZy pZu/ jo

wjhB/ pkb w}d{oh ftu XZe/wjhB/ pkb w}d{oh ftu XZe/wjhB/ pkb w}d{oh ftu XZe/wjhB/ pkb w}d{oh ftu XZe/wjhB/ pkb w}d{oh ftu XZe/

ikDr/, feT[ I fe ;kv/ ;zftXkBikDr/, feT[ I fe ;kv/ ;zftXkBikDr/, feT[ I fe ;kv/ ;zftXkBikDr/, feT[ I fe ;kv/ ;zftXkBikDr/, feT[ I fe ;kv/ ;zftXkB

fBowksktK B/ fJe nfijk okiszsofBowksktK B/ fJe nfijk okiszsofBowksktK B/ fJe nfijk okiszsofBowksktK B/ fJe nfijk okiszsofBowksktK B/ fJe nfijk okiszso

ns/ ;zftXkB fdsk fi; d/ fgZS/ns/ ;zftXkB fdsk fi; d/ fgZS/ns/ ;zftXkB fdsk fi; d/ fgZS/ns/ ;zftXkB fdsk fi; d/ fgZS/ns/ ;zftXkB fdsk fi; d/ fgZS/

Gkos d/ N[eV/-N[eV/ j'D dk voGkos d/ N[eV/-N[eV/ j'D dk voGkos d/ N[eV/-N[eV/ j'D dk voGkos d/ N[eV/-N[eV/ j'D dk voGkos d/ N[eV/-N[eV/ j'D dk vo

;h ns/ ;wkfie fBnK dk ezw;h ns/ ;wkfie fBnK dk ezw;h ns/ ;wkfie fBnK dk ezw;h ns/ ;wkfie fBnK dk ezw;h ns/ ;wkfie fBnK dk ezw

uZb fojk j?. go nrb/ d'uZb fojk j?. go nrb/ d'uZb fojk j?. go nrb/ d'uZb fojk j?. go nrb/ d'uZb fojk j?. go nrb/ d'

djkfenK ftu Gkos ;kjwD/ tZvhdjkfenK ftu Gkos ;kjwD/ tZvhdjkfenK ftu Gkos ;kjwD/ tZvhdjkfenK ftu Gkos ;kjwD/ tZvhdjkfenK ftu Gkos ;kjwD/ tZvh

;wZf;nk ns/ u[B"sh rohph xNkT[D;wZf;nk ns/ u[B"sh rohph xNkT[D;wZf;nk ns/ u[B"sh rohph xNkT[D;wZf;nk ns/ u[B"sh rohph xNkT[D;wZf;nk ns/ u[B"sh rohph xNkT[D

dh j't/rh.dh j't/rh.dh j't/rh.dh j't/rh.dh j't/rh.

go f;tb eowukoh T[; t/b/ se

T[sFkjg{oB BjhI j' ;ed/ id'I se fe

T[BQK ~ fwbD tkb/ gq/oe nY[et/I j'Dr/.

nZi fe;/ f;tb eowukoh ~ T[; ~ e[ZM

Bk eoB dh rbsh bJh ;}k BjhI fdsh

iKdh ns/ Bk jh T[; tb'I ;kXkoB s'I e[M

tZX eoB bJh ;kpkF fwbdh j? i' pj[s

nZSk j' frnk j't/. go i/ T[; tb'I

;kXkoB Bkb'I e[ZM tZX eoB tkbk ekoi

rbs j' iKdk j? sK T[; dk ;kE d/D

bJh e'Jh nZr/ BjhI nkT[Idk. fJ; YKu/

ftu fJ; dh e'Jh wkBsk BjhI j? fe

BthBsk fet/I fbnKdh rJh j? feT[Ife

gqfefonk ftu nikJhI ikDk ns/ Bkekwh

w[ZY'I i[V/ j'J/ jB.

nkfJz;NhB B/ fJe tkoh nkgD/

ftfdnkoEhnK dk fJwfsjkB fbnk sK

T[BQK ftu'I fJe B/ g[ZfSnk, @fJ; ;kb d/

fJwfsjkB ftu T[j' ;tkb jB i' fgSb/

;kb d/ fJwfsjkB ftu nkJ/ ;B<# T[BQK

fejk, @fuzsk Bk eo', fJ; tko itkp

nbr jB.# fJj ejkDh Gkos bJh

Y[ethI j? feT[Ife fszB ;tkb i' nZi Gkos

;kjwD/ yVQ/ jB, T[j' jh jB i' fJ;

;kjwD/ nk}kdh fwbD t/b/ yVQ/ ;B.

gfjbk ;tkb i' w/o/ fdwkr ftu

nkfJnk id'I w?I nwohek ftu nkgDk

rq?i{N/N nfXn?B eoB frnk ;h fe fJj

nwoheh b'e ;kv/ Bkb'I tZX u[;s do[;s

sK BjhI jB, fco fJj ;kv/ Bkb'I nwho

feT[I jB< gdkoEe ][Fjkbh bJh e[M th

;fGnkukoe BjhI j?. :kd oy' fe n;hI

fpBK fe;/ fjzd{ ~ r'bh Bkb wkoB d/

pkti{d fjzd{ T[sgkd do ~ tZv/ g?wkB/

#s/ fgSb/ d' djkfenK ftu xNk ;e/ jK.

rohph xNkT[Dk fJe pj[-gZyh gqki?eN j?

fi; ftu ;oeko, f;tb ;';kfJNh ns/

fBZih y/so ~ skbw/b ftu ezw eoBk

j[zdk j?. go nZi fJj' fszB ftzr nkgDhnK

iBwiks ewhnK Bkb i[V oj/ jB -

;oeko ftu bkr{ eoB dh xkN j?,

f;tb ;';kfJNh ftu gZXo dh ewh j? ns/

gqkJht/N ftu ftFtk; dh xkN j?. go

fJe xZN rohp Gkos bJh fJe tX/o/

gk;ko tkbh, ekoi e[Fbsk tkbh ns/

fJZSk Fesh oZyD tkbh f;tb ;/tk dk

j'Dk pj[s wjZstg{oB j?. nkU, ezw F[o{

j'D fdU.

(b/ye u/now?B, Nhwbh} ;oft;} j?.)


ftF/F b/yftF/F b/yftF/F b/yftF/F b/yftF/F b/y

fdjksh eo}k YKu/ ~ w}p{s eoBkfdjksh eo}k YKu/ ~ w}p{s eoBkfdjksh eo}k YKu/ ~ w}p{s eoBkfdjksh eo}k YKu/ ~ w}p{s eoBkfdjksh eo}k YKu/ ~ w}p{s eoBk

Bfue/s w'o s/ dhgsh ikoiBfue/s w'o s/ dhgsh ikoiBfue/s w'o s/ dhgsh ikoiBfue/s w'o s/ dhgsh ikoiBfue/s w'o s/ dhgsh ikoi

jksh fJbkfenK ftu eo}/ d/D

dk gk;ko eJh djkfenK s'I

p?Ifezr y/so Bhsh dk w[Zy e/Ido fojk j?

ns/ :ehBB fJ; ftu tkXk j'fJnk j?

go bkrs, i'yw ns/ n;odkfJesk gZy'I

;w[Zuh ;fEsh fJ; ;w/I ek\h rzGho j?.

;w[Zu/ Gkos dh e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd n";s

sfjs eo}/ dh gjz[u 70 gqfsFs d/

brGr j?. y/sh y/so ftu fJj fJ; s'I

th xZN 36 gqfsFs j? i' fe Bhsh sfjs

gfjb d/D d/ pkti{d fJ; y/so se

o;wh eo}/ dh xZN gj[zu ~ do;kT[Idh

j?. fJ; ekoB jh fe;kB brksko |?o-

o;wh eof}nK dh ieV ftu pD/ j'J/

jB. fJe j?eN/no s'I xZN dh wbehns

tkb/ dofwnkB/ gZXo d/ fe;kBK ftu'I

2009 d/ nzefVnK w[skpe f;o\ 14

gqfsFs B/ jh o;wh eo}k ;z;EktK s'I

eo}/ bJ/. fJE/ ;k~ tZv/ gZXo #s/ y/soh

n;ktKgB th B}o nkT[Idk j?. d/F ftu

e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd dh ;G s'I xZN do

d/D d/ pkti{d fpjko tor/ okiK ~ e[Zb

T[sgkd n";s sfjs ;w[Zuh eo}k do 16

gqfsFs s'I xZN j?. 2007 s'I 2012

d"okB dZyDh okiK d/ d/F d/ e[Zb \;bh

y/so dk 20 gqfsFs s'I xZN j'D d/

pkti{d T[BQK ~ 38 gqfsFs y/sh eo}/

ikoh ehs/ rJ/, id fe T[`so-g{oph okiK

d/ w[ekfpbsB tX/o/ y/sh tkbk fJbkek

j'D d/ pkti{d y/sh eo}/ e/tb 8

gqfsFs jh fds/ rJ/. e/Idoh Gkos d/

27 gqfsFs y/sh y/so j'D d/ pkti{d 13

gqfsFs y/sh eo}/ jh b?D dk gkso pD

;fenk. fijV/ eo}/ ikoh j'J/ th,

T[j th \;bh uZeoK nB[;ko BjhI jB.

wjhB/tko eo}/ ikoh eoB dk sohek

;kT[Dh d/ \;b uZeo (i{B-i[bkJh-;szpo)

ns/ jkVQh d/ \;b uZeo (d;zpo-iBtoh)

w[skpe j'Dk ukjhdk ;h id fe p?IeK tb'I

fJe u"EkJh eo}k wkou d/ wjhB/ fdsk

frnk j? i' fe y/sh T[sgkdB gZy'I e'Jh

wjZstg{oB wjhBk BjhI j?. fdjksh eo}/

d/ xZN gqGktekoh j'D dh ;wZf;nk fJ;

sZE Bkb j'o rzGho j' iKdh j? fe (5

gqfsFs d/ eohph y/sh n;kf;nK (soihjh

y/so) bJh |?o-ekor[}koh n;kf;nK dh

n";s do pj[s T[uh j? id fe d{i/

y/soK dh fJ; s'I th d' r[Dk j? Gkt/I fe

fJ; y/so bJh jo soQK dhnK ;pf;vhnK

fdshnK ik ojhnK jB. okFNoh p?IeK dh

S'N/ eof}nK T[go ;/tk d/D ;w/s e[Zb

bkrs 30 gqfsFs s'I tZX j? id fe T[BQK

tb'I fJ; y/so ~ nkXko do s'I 3

gqfsFs j/mK iK 2 gqfsFs tZX #s/ jh

eo}/ d/D/ jB.

Gkos ftu fdjksh eo}k ;g[odrh

dh ewkB okFNoh ;zg{oB ;/tk tkb/ p?IeK

d/ jZE ftu j?. eJh tfoQnK s'I fJj

j"bh-j"bh ;gZFN j[zdk ik fojk j? fe

nfij/ p?IeK dhnK fJekJhnK dk w"i{dk

YKuk bkrs, i']w ns/ n;odkfJesk gZy'I

S'N/ ns/ gfjb tkb/ y/so nkXkos eof}nK

~ nwbh ikwk gfjBkT[D bJh Y[etK BjhI

j?. S'N/ eof}nK d/ y/so ftu ftnki ~

Fkfwb Bk eofdnK nwbheoB dh e[Zb

bkrs 30 gqfsFs j? id fe |?o ekor[}koh

n;kf;nK dh 10 gqfsFs iK fJ; s'I th

tZX j?. go p?Ie p?b/I; FhNK d/ T[jb/

ekoB fJ; T[uh bkrs ns/ i'yw doK dk

s[ozs ;gZFN gsk BjhI brdk ns/ s?F[dk

Bhsh sfjs p?IeK ~ Bk e/tb gfjb y/so

eo}/ NhfunK dh gqkgsh bJh fejk iKdk

j? ;r'I otkfJsh seBheK dh tos'I eofdnK

T[BQK ~ T[j ezw f;ZXk nkgD/ p?Ie ykfsnK

#s/ eoB ~ fejk iKdk j?.

g{o/ ftFt ftu ns/ Gkos ftu

;op'sw gqubB (nwb) ;[MkT[Id/ jB fe

;zg{oB ;/tk p?IeK fJe' fJe sohe/ Bkb

n;odko Yzr Bkb ezw eo ;ed/ jB fe

p?IeK d/ nzdo jh ftF/F e/Ido y'bQ fds/

ikD i' fe f;o\ fJ;/ ekoi T[go e/Idos

j'D ns/ nfij/ \?;b/ b? ;eD tkbh

gqDkbh Bkb Gog{o j'D fi; sfjs

e/IdoheoB d/ o[MkB #s/ Bk ubfdnK

eo}k b?D tkfbnK Bkb f;ZXk ;zgoe

oZyD tkb/ nwb/ e'b eo}/ wB}{o eoB

dk nfXeko j't/. iK fJBQK p?IeK tb'I

pdbt/I Yzr Bkb d{ihnK tX/o/ gqGktekoh

;[szso ;z;EktK fit/I y/soh p?Ie ns/ Gkosh

fot}ot p?Ie dh B/wpzdh tkbhnK |?o

p?Ifezr ftZsh ezgBhnK Bkb GkJhtkbh ehsh

ikt/ sK fe nkgD/ ftZsh ykfsnK ns/

w[Bk\/ ~ i']w ftu gkJ/ fpBK eo}/ d/

Nhu/ g{o/ ehs/ ik ;eD. Gkos ftu ns/

g{o/ ftFt ftu nfij/ o[MkB dhnK ek\h

T[dkjoDK jB. fJ; rZb ~ :ehBh

fdfdfdfdfd


pDkT[D bJh fe okFNoh gZXo #s/ wjZst

tkb/ p?IeK T[go xZN fwnkoh ns/ T[u

bkrs tkb/ n;kf;nK dk tZvk Gko Bk

pD/ ns/ T[BQK ~ i']w ns/ bkrs ~

;orow j' e/ BfiZmD bJh brksko

\kfJd/ fds/ ikD. fJ; rZb #s/ j[D

tX/o/ }'o fdsk ik fojk j? fe t/ot/

;fjs fog'oN okjhI ykfsnK d/ fj;kp-

feskp ~ gkodoFh ehsk ikt/ ns/ xZN'-

xZN ;kbkBk gZXo #s/ dpkn gohyD

BshfinK ~ iBse s"o s/ }kfjo ehsk

ikt/.

Gkos d/ y/soh p?Ie, ]k; eoe/Gkos d/ y/soh p?Ie, ]k; eoe/Gkos d/ y/soh p?Ie, ]k; eoe/Gkos d/ y/soh p?Ie, ]k; eoe/Gkos d/ y/soh p?Ie, ]k; eoe/

;fjekosk YKu/ tkb/ p?Ie, bkrs,;fjekosk YKu/ tkb/ p?Ie, bkrs,;fjekosk YKu/ tkb/ p?Ie, bkrs,;fjekosk YKu/ tkb/ p?Ie, bkrs,;fjekosk YKu/ tkb/ p?Ie, bkrs,

i'yw ns/ n;odkfJe gj[zu fszBKi'yw ns/ n;odkfJe gj[zu fszBKi'yw ns/ n;odkfJe gj[zu fszBKi'yw ns/ n;odkfJe gj[zu fszBKi'yw ns/ n;odkfJe gj[zu fszBK

w'ofunK #s/ eJh soQK Bkb uzrhw'ofunK #s/ eJh soQK Bkb uzrhw'ofunK #s/ eJh soQK Bkb uzrhw'ofunK #s/ eJh soQK Bkb uzrhw'ofunK #s/ eJh soQK Bkb uzrh

;fEsh oZyd/ jB, go gqFk;fBe;fEsh oZyd/ jB, go gqFk;fBe;fEsh oZyd/ jB, go gqFk;fBe;fEsh oZyd/ jB, go gqFk;fBe;fEsh oZyd/ jB, go gqFk;fBe

;wZf;nktK ns/ pkfoF dk ]sok;wZf;nktK ns/ pkfoF dk ]sok;wZf;nktK ns/ pkfoF dk ]sok;wZf;nktK ns/ pkfoF dk ]sok;wZf;nktK ns/ pkfoF dk ]sok

ns/ y/soh nkofEesk d/ ;[Gknns/ y/soh nkofEesk d/ ;[Gknns/ y/soh nkofEesk d/ ;[Gknns/ y/soh nkofEesk d/ ;[Gknns/ y/soh nkofEesk d/ ;[Gkn

ftu pdbkn d'jK g qDkbhrsftu pdbkn d'jK g qDkbhrsftu pdbkn d'jK g qDkbhrsftu pdbkn d'jK g qDkbhrsftu pdbkn d'jK g qDkbhrs

pdbktK Bkb ;cb Yzr BkbpdbktK Bkb ;cb Yzr BkbpdbktK Bkb ;cb Yzr BkbpdbktK Bkb ;cb Yzr BkbpdbktK Bkb ;cb Yzr Bkb

BfiZmD ftu fJfsjk;e o{g ftuBfiZmD ftu fJfsjk;e o{g ftuBfiZmD ftu fJfsjk;e o{g ftuBfiZmD ftu fJfsjk;e o{g ftuBfiZmD ftu fJfsjk;e o{g ftu

wkVh ekor[}koh fdyk u[Ze/ jB.wkVh ekor[}koh fdyk u[Ze/ jB.wkVh ekor[}koh fdyk u[Ze/ jB.wkVh ekor[}koh fdyk u[Ze/ jB.wkVh ekor[}koh fdyk u[Ze/ jB.

Gkosh ;fjekosk YKuk th fJBQKGkosh ;fjekosk YKuk th fJBQKGkosh ;fjekosk YKuk th fJBQKGkosh ;fjekosk YKuk th fJBQKGkosh ;fjekosk YKuk th fJBQK

d'jK B[efsnK d/ gq;zr ftu eJhd'jK B[efsnK d/ gq;zr ftu eJhd'jK B[efsnK d/ gq;zr ftu eJhd'jK B[efsnK d/ gq;zr ftu eJhd'jK B[efsnK d/ gq;zr ftu eJh

;kbK s'I tZvh n;cbsk dk fFeko;kbK s'I tZvh n;cbsk dk fFeko;kbK s'I tZvh n;cbsk dk fFeko;kbK s'I tZvh n;cbsk dk fFeko;kbK s'I tZvh n;cbsk dk fFeko

fojk j?. ;oeko, okFNoh y/shfojk j?. ;oeko, okFNoh y/shfojk j?. ;oeko, okFNoh y/shfojk j?. ;oeko, okFNoh y/shfojk j?. ;oeko, okFNoh y/sh

ns/ fdjksh ftek; p?Ie ns/ Gkoshns/ fdjksh ftek; p?Ie ns/ Gkoshns/ fdjksh ftek; p?Ie ns/ Gkoshns/ fdjksh ftek; p?Ie ns/ Gkoshns/ fdjksh ftek; p?Ie ns/ Gkosh

fo}ot p?Ie dhnK brksko e'fFFKfo}ot p?Ie dhnK brksko e'fFFKfo}ot p?Ie dhnK brksko e'fFFKfo}ot p?Ie dhnK brksko e'fFFKfo}ot p?Ie dhnK brksko e'fFFK

;dek xZN'-xZN pu/ ofj rJ/;dek xZN'-xZN pu/ ofj rJ/;dek xZN'-xZN pu/ ofj rJ/;dek xZN'-xZN pu/ ofj rJ/;dek xZN'-xZN pu/ ofj rJ/

;fjekosk ndkfonK d/ jZe ftu;fjekosk ndkfonK d/ jZe ftu;fjekosk ndkfonK d/ jZe ftu;fjekosk ndkfonK d/ jZe ftu;fjekosk ndkfonK d/ jZe ftu

fJBQK w[ZfdnK d/ fBp/V/ dk nwbfJBQK w[ZfdnK d/ fBp/V/ dk nwbfJBQK w[ZfdnK d/ fBp/V/ dk nwbfJBQK w[ZfdnK d/ fBp/V/ dk nwbfJBQK w[ZfdnK d/ fBp/V/ dk nwb

F[o{ j'fJnk j?, go gfjbK dZ;/F[o{ j'fJnk j?, go gfjbK dZ;/F[o{ j'fJnk j?, go gfjbK dZ;/F[o{ j'fJnk j?, go gfjbK dZ;/F[o{ j'fJnk j?, go gfjbK dZ;/

rJ/ YKukrs w[Zd/ ek\h r[zMbdkorJ/ YKukrs w[Zd/ ek\h r[zMbdkorJ/ YKukrs w[Zd/ ek\h r[zMbdkorJ/ YKukrs w[Zd/ ek\h r[zMbdkorJ/ YKukrs w[Zd/ ek\h r[zMbdko

jB ns/ y/soh p?IeK ns/ @Bkpkov#jB ns/ y/soh p?IeK ns/ @Bkpkov#jB ns/ y/soh p?IeK ns/ @Bkpkov#jB ns/ y/soh p?IeK ns/ @Bkpkov#jB ns/ y/soh p?IeK ns/ @Bkpkov#

nzdo BthnK ;woEktK d/ fte;snzdo BthnK ;woEktK d/ fte;snzdo BthnK ;woEktK d/ fte;snzdo BthnK ;woEktK d/ fte;snzdo BthnK ;woEktK d/ fte;s

ehs/ ikD ns/ e[dosh nk\sKehs/ ikD ns/ e[dosh nk\sKehs/ ikD ns/ e[dosh nk\sKehs/ ikD ns/ e[dosh nk\sKehs/ ikD ns/ e[dosh nk\sK

;w/I phwk ns/ ;[oZfynkswe nwbK;w/I phwk ns/ ;[oZfynkswe nwbK;w/I phwk ns/ ;[oZfynkswe nwbK;w/I phwk ns/ ;[oZfynkswe nwbK;w/I phwk ns/ ;[oZfynkswe nwbK

d/ jZd ftu fbnkJ/ ikD dh wzrd/ jZd ftu fbnkJ/ ikD dh wzrd/ jZd ftu fbnkJ/ ikD dh wzrd/ jZd ftu fbnkJ/ ikD dh wzrd/ jZd ftu fbnkJ/ ikD dh wzr

eod/ jB.eod/ jB.eod/ jB.eod/ jB.eod/ jB.

fJ; ;w/I tZvh frDsh ftu y/soh$

;EkBe p?Ie w"i{d jB ns/ Bt/I y/soh

p?IeK ~ y'bQ/ ikD dh pikfJ fJBQK ~

w}p{s ehs/ ikD T[go fXnkB e/Idos

ehsk ikDk ukjhdk j? feT[Ife Bt/I p?IeK ~

i']w gqpzXB gqDkbh fte;s Bk j'D eoe/

fJBQK jh ;wZf;nktK dk ;kjwDk eoBk

gt/rk.

y/soh p?IeK tKr jh ftF/F ;{uh

tkbhnK Gkosh fo}ot p?Ie dh B/wpzdh

j/mbhnK |?o p?Ifezr nkofEe ezgBhnK th

bkrs i']w ns/ n;odkfJesk gZy'I eJh

soQK Bkb w}p{s ;fEsh ftu jB. fJ;

gqDkbh dh skes pj[sk eoe/ fJj nkw

iBsk s'I oewK iwQK BjhI eod/ ns/ fJBQK

~ g{zih pk}ko iK p?IeK fij/ E'e ndkfonK

s'I eo}k b?Dk g?Idk j?. fJ; s'I :ehBh

s"o s/ fJj gsk brdk j? fe y/soh p?IeK

d/ T[bN, fJBQK T[go brksko wkfjo ns/

bzw/ nB[Gt tkb/ eo}dkfsnK dh fBrokBh

ofjzdh j? i' wkVh ekor[}koh j'D #s/ eo}/

d/D dh nkgDh Bhsh ftu T[;/ w[skpe

pdbkn eo ;ed/ jB. go oki,

nkofEe$eo}k ek~BK ~ bkr{ eofdnK

soihjh y/so ~ f;ZX/ s"o s/ ekfJw eoB

bJh w}p{s B/wpzdh bJh }'o d/ Bkb-

Bkb wkVhnK fte;s eo}k g{zih wzvhnK

ekoB fJj y/so fJfsjk;e o{g ftu

d/yfdnK nkeko ftu S'Nk jh fojk j?.

fJBQK d/ ;jh ftek; bJh fJBQK ~ ftF/F

E'e p?IeK d/ YKu/ ftu gkT[Dk, i' fe gqu{B

iwQK oewK ;theko BjhI eod/, pj[s

bkj/tzd oj/rk fi; Bkb fJBQK d/ w[Zy

feodko ~ pdb/ fpBK f;bf;bkrs ;fEosk

ftu tkXk j' ;e/rk.

Gkt/I fdjksh eo}/ d/ ;jh ftek;

ftu fJ; ;w/I w[Zy n"eV eo}k vfbtoh

u?BbK dk p/buedko ns/ wekBeh Yzr

Bkb ubDk j?. e[M j'o th nfij/ nfjw

y/so jB i' fdjksh eo}k gqDkbh T[go

fwnko, fwedko ns/ bkrs gZy'I bkj/tzd

n;o gk ;ed/ jB ns/ fiBQK Bkb tZy-

tZy eo}k u?BbK dh ekor[}koh fpjso j'

;edh j?.

fit/I fe gfjbK dZf;nk frnk j?,

Gkosh p?Ifezr y/so dh fJe w[Zy ;wZf;nk,

Gkos fijh tX ojh nkofEesk d/ w[ekpb/

fJ; dk nkeko ftu pj[s S'Nk j'Dk j?.

fJ; d/ S'N/ nkeko d/ j'D dk eo}/

d/D T[go g?D tkbk wkVk n;o fJ; sZE

Bkb j'o th tX iKdk j? fe fJBQK p?IeK

tb'I fJeZso ehs/ wkbh ;kXBK T[go ;oeko

tb'I ;oekoh pKvK ns/ y[oke bJh eo}/

w[jZJhnk eokT[D d/Dk #s/ wZb wko bJh

iKdh j?. Gkosh g{zih pk}ko fJzBk fte;s

j' u[Zek j? fe fJBQK d'jK b'VK ~ |?o

p?Ifezr t;hfbnK okjhI g{ok ehsk ik ;edk

j? ns/ i/ nfijk j' ikt/ sK fdjksh ns/

j'o eo}k gqDkbhnK bJh ek\h nkofEe

;kXB j' ikDr/. fJ; s'I fJbktk, p?Ie

ftF/F s"o s/ ;oekoh p?IeK tb'I nkgDh

pj[s xZN s?F[dk ftnki doK T[go y/sh

eo}/ d/D/ j[zd/ jB ns/ ;oeko ~ nZr'I

j'o ftnki ;pf;vhnK fdzdh j?. fJ; ;G

d/ Bshi/ ti'I, y/sh eo}k gqDkbh ftu

ftrkV g?dk j[zdk j? fi; ekoB S'N/ gZXo

d/ fe;kBK ns/ p/}whB/ feoshnK ~ eo}/

d/D s'I wBk eo fdsk iKdk j? feT[Ife

tZvh wzr d/ pkti{d fJ; y/so bJh eo}/

dk xZN s'I xZN fjZ;k oZfynk iKdk j?.

fJj pj[s uzrk j't/rk i/ p?IeK ~ nkgD/

i']w Bw{fBnK d/ nkXko #s/ y/sh eof}nK

dk w[Zb fBoXkoB eoB dh nk}kdh j't/

ns/ ftnki ftu eN"sh iK eo}k w[nk\h

~ eo}k gqDkbh okjhI Bk G/ifdnK f;ZXk

fe;kBK d/ BK fdsk ikt/. fiE'I se B?fse

i']w ns/ T[u ekor[}koh tkb/ fdjksh

eo}dkoK ~ nkgD/ eo}k ;woEk ;kps

eoB ns/ eo}/ dh xZN bkrs ns/

tX/oh fwedko d/ w[ZfdnK Bkb BfiZmD dh

rZb j?, n?; n?u ih eo}/ fe;kB eo?fvN

ekov ns/ iBob eo?fvN ekov ;j{bs


;w/s ;kohnK w{b J/iz;hnK ~ ;ko/ eof}nK

dh eo}k fpT{o' ~ fog'oN eoBk bk}wh

ehs/ ikD dh b'V j?, fit/I fe Gkosh

fo}ot p?Ie d/ B/wpzdh tkb/ bx{ wkbh

ndkfonK tb'I ;cb Yzr Bkb ehsk

frnk j?.

soihjh y/soK ~ eo}/ d/D d/ ubB

ftu fJe;kosk dk w[Zdk th fXnkB d/D

:'r j? feT[Ife fJj p?IeK ~ ftF/F y/so

iK fJbke/ bJh w{b ;woEktK fte;s

eoB ftu o[ektN, pDdk j?. fJe nB[e{fbs

soihjh y/so eo}k gqDkbh fi; sfjs

fe;/ ]k; p?Ie ~ nkgDh u'D w[skpe fe;/

fJe iK tX/o/ y/soK iK fJbkfenK #s/

fXnkB e/Idos eoB dh fJik}s d/ e/

tX/o/ w[Ffeb y/soK ns/ f}fbQnK T[go

tkX{ fXnkB fdsk iKdk j?, Bkb th fJ;

;wZf;nk dk jZb fwb ;edk j?. i/ Bkb

dh Bkb fJ; rZb ~ :ehBh pDkfJnk

ikt/ fe ;w[Zu/ o{g ftu p?Ifezr gqDkbh

soihjh y/so eo}k NhfunK w[skpe

;/tktK fdzdh j?. nfijhnK ;ehwK sfjs

f}bQk gZXoh doikpzdh tb'I ns/ y/so

gZXoh soihj fe;/ ftF/F y/so dh g{o/

f;bf;b/ d/ gq;zr ftu xZN ekor[}koh

okjhI s? j't/rh. p?IeK ~ fpBK wkg tkb/

gh n?; n?b d/ 40 gqfsFs Nhu/ dh EK

pokpoh d/ wkg J/ gh n?; n?b d/ 50

gqfsFs tkb/ Nhu/ ~ g{ok eoBk j't/rk

ns/ eo}/ ns/ g{osh dh b'V ftub/ yZg/

~ g{oB bJh gh n?; n?b dk 40 gqfsFs

ik J/ gh n?; n?b dk 50 gqfsFs Nhu/

~ fswkjh s/ ykfsnK ftu fdykT[Dk

j't/rk Bk fe wkou d/ nyho ftu.

nkw ygs ns/ p/}whB/ feoshnK

dofwnkB gZygks tkbh gh n?; n?b Bhsh

dh x'y eoB s/ jNkJ/ ikD dh th b'V

j?. bzw/ ;w/I ftu id rohph jNkT[D

ns/ ftek; ftu tkX/ d/ ubfdnK tZy-tZy

y/soK dh nfjwhns ftu pdbkn nkT[Idk

j?, ;k~ soihjh y/soK dh w[V ftnkfynk

eoBh j't/rh ns/ e[Zb x/ob{ T[sgkd

n";s bJh y/soh eo}/ fij/ g?wkB/ b?D/

j'Dr/ ns/ eo}/ dh ftek; bue jh

f}zw/tkoh (p'M) s? eo/rh fi; ~ fe J/ gh

n?; n?b Nhu/ fBFfus eoB bJh tofsnk

ikt/rk. nfijk j'D bJh j'oBK rZbK s'I

fJbktk, :'iBk nk:'r tb'I d/F d/ jo

f}bQ/ bJh ;oekoh s"o s/ e[M xo/b{

T[sgkd bVh SkgDh j't/rh ns/ jo f}bQ/

nzdob/ w[Zy y/soK bJh th nfij/ nzeV/

d/D/ j'Dr/ ns/ fo}ot p?Ie ~ s[bBkswe

eo}k nzeV/ d/D/ j'Dr/ sK i' fJj goyD

;Nhe o{g ftu j' ;eD. gh n?; n?b

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dk ;jh gqpzXB d'jK w[ZfdnK Bkb i[V/

ekoBK d/ gZy'I wkbh pk}ko d/ fjZ;/dkoK

dofwnkB n;kf;nK, f}zw/tkohnK ns/ i']wK

d/ ;orow spkdb/ bJh w}p{s pk}ko

fte;s ehs/ ikD dh b'V j?. nfij/

pk}ko ;ko/ soQK dhnK J/iz;hnK d/ gh n?;

n?b ns/ j'o n;kf;nK dh yohd ns/

ftZeoh ~ fJzM ;[rw pDkJ/rh i' fe

fwnko #s/ nkXkos j't/rk ns/ ndkokrs

tyo/ftnK s'I fBob/g j't/rk. fJ; ;w/I

nfij/ pk}koK dh nDj'Id ekoB p?IeK ~

gh n?; n?b NhfunK dh gqkgsh dh ;jh

ekor[}koh Bk fdykT[D pdb/ Gkoh i[owkB/

podkFs eoB/ g?Id/ jB.

(b/ye gfjbk, ;h ;h n?`c n?`; dk w[yh ;h

id fe d{ih b/fyek fJ; b/y dh gZsokukoe

j?.)


(gzikph)(gzikph)(gzikph)(gzikph)(gzikph)

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ADG(i/c), Publications Division d/ BK #s/ pDk e/ d/ BK #s/ pDk e/ d/ BK #s/ pDk e/ d/ BK #s/ pDk e/ d/ BK #s/ pDk e/

j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'j/m fby/ gs/ #s/ G/i'

Business Manager(Advertisement & Circulation )

Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting

East Block-IV, Level-VII, R.K. Puram

New Delhi-110066. (Tel.011-26100207)

[email protected]



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r'otkbk ew/Nh fB:[es ehsh rJh ns/

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rJh.

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d{i/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB B/ f;\koF

ehsh fe fijV/ B"itkB f;tb ;/tktK ftu

gqt/F eoB d/ fJZS[e j'D, T[BQK tk;s/

iBse gqFk;B }o{oh ftFk pDkfJnk ikDk

ukjhdk j?. Bkb jh iBse gqFk;B d/

okFNoh ;z;EkB ns/ e/Idoh ;/tktK ;zpzXh

nEkfoNh dh ;EkgBk th ehsh ikDh ukjhdh

j?.

1976 ftu vhHn?;H e'mkoh ew/Nh B/

fJe fog'oN fdsh, fi; dk ;zpzX Gosh

eoB dh Bhsh ns/ u'D eoB d/ YzrK

Bkb ;h. fJe tZvh spdhbh dh f;\koF

ehsh rJh. fJ; f;\koF ftu fejk

frnk fe gqhfynk d/ d' gVkn j'D/ ukjhd/

jB - fJe nkozfGe gVkn ns/ d{ik

n;bh fJwfsjkB dk gVkn. fJ; ew/Nh

B/ f;tb ;/tktK bJh f;ybkJh ftu


spdhbhnK d/ ;[Mkn th fds/.

eJh nfij/ efwFB ns/ ew/NhnK

;Ekgs ehshnK rJhnK, fijVhnK wB[Zyh

t;hfbnK d/ ftek; pko/ f;\koFK eodhnK

ojhnK. T[BQK f;\koFK dk ;zpzX soZehnK

ns/ B"eohnK dhnK FosK s/ jkbks Bkb

th ;h.

e/Ido s/ okiK ftueko ;zpzXK pko/e/Ido s/ okiK ftueko ;zpzXK pko/e/Ido s/ okiK ftueko ;zpzXK pko/e/Ido s/ okiK ftueko ;zpzXK pko/e/Ido s/ okiK ftueko ;zpzXK pko/

fJe e/Idoh efwFB ;zB 1983fJe e/Idoh efwFB ;zB 1983fJe e/Idoh efwFB ;zB 1983fJe e/Idoh efwFB ;zB 1983fJe e/Idoh efwFB ;zB 1983

ftu gqXkB wzsoh ;qhwsh fJzdokftu gqXkB wzsoh ;qhwsh fJzdokftu gqXkB wzsoh ;qhwsh fJzdokftu gqXkB wzsoh ;qhwsh fJzdokftu gqXkB wzsoh ;qhwsh fJzdok

rKXh tb'I ;Ekgs ehsk frnk.rKXh tb'I ;Ekgs ehsk frnk.rKXh tb'I ;Ekgs ehsk frnk.rKXh tb'I ;Ekgs ehsk frnk.rKXh tb'I ;Ekgs ehsk frnk.

fJ; d/ w[yh ;[gohw e'oN d/ iZifJ; d/ w[yh ;[gohw e'oN d/ iZifJ; d/ w[yh ;[gohw e'oN d/ iZifJ; d/ w[yh ;[gohw e'oN d/ iZifJ; d/ w[yh ;[gohw e'oN d/ iZi

;qh nko n?`; ;oekohnk ;B.;qh nko n?`; ;oekohnk ;B.;qh nko n?`; ;oekohnk ;B.;qh nko n?`; ;oekohnk ;B.;qh nko n?`; ;oekohnk ;B.

fJ; efwFB d/ e/Ido s/ okiK d/fJ; efwFB d/ e/Ido s/ okiK d/fJ; efwFB d/ e/Ido s/ okiK d/fJ; efwFB d/ e/Ido s/ okiK d/fJ; efwFB d/ e/Ido s/ okiK d/

;zpzXK ftu gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko/;zpzXK ftu gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko/;zpzXK ftu gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko/;zpzXK ftu gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko/;zpzXK ftu gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK pko/

;'u ftuko ehsk ns/ Bkb jh;'u ftuko ehsk ns/ Bkb jh;'u ftuko ehsk ns/ Bkb jh;'u ftuko ehsk ns/ Bkb jh;'u ftuko ehsk ns/ Bkb jh

e[ Zb-fjzd ;/tktK ;zpzXh ;[Mkne[ Zb-fjzd ;/tktK ;zpzXh ;[Mkne[ Zb-fjzd ;/tktK ;zpzXh ;[Mkne[ Zb-fjzd ;/tktK ;zpzXh ;[Mkne[ Zb-fjzd ;/tktK ;zpzXh ;[Mkn

fds/. ;zftXkB dh Xkok 256fds/. ;zftXkB dh Xkok 256fds/. ;zftXkB dh Xkok 256fds/. ;zftXkB dh Xkok 256fds/. ;zftXkB dh Xkok 256

ftu fejk frnk j? fe fe;/ thftu fejk frnk j? fe fe;/ thftu fejk frnk j? fe fe;/ thftu fejk frnk j? fe fe;/ thftu fejk frnk j? fe fe;/ th

oki dh ekoiekoh Fesh dh tos'Ioki dh ekoiekoh Fesh dh tos'Ioki dh ekoiekoh Fesh dh tos'Ioki dh ekoiekoh Fesh dh tos'Ioki dh ekoiekoh Fesh dh tos'I

fJ; soQK ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?fJ; soQK ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?fJ; soQK ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?fJ; soQK ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?fJ; soQK ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?

fe fJj Gkos dh ;z;d tb'I gk;fe fJj Gkos dh ;z;d tb'I gk;fe fJj Gkos dh ;z;d tb'I gk;fe fJj Gkos dh ;z;d tb'I gk;fe fJj Gkos dh ;z;d tb'I gk;

ehs/ rJ/ ek~BK #s/ nwb ~ehs/ rJ/ ek~BK #s/ nwb ~ehs/ rJ/ ek~BK #s/ nwb ~ehs/ rJ/ ek~BK #s/ nwb ~ehs/ rJ/ ek~BK #s/ nwb ~

:ehBh pDkJ/.:ehBh pDkJ/.:ehBh pDkJ/.:ehBh pDkJ/.:ehBh pDkJ/.

;zftXkB dh Xkok 257 ftu ;gZFN

ehsk frnk j? fe fej' fij/ ekoiK ftu

;z;dh ek~BK dh okiK tb'I gk; ehs/ rJ/

ek~BK d/ w[ekpb/ T[usk }o{oh j?. fw;kb

d/ s"o s/, ;zukoB d/ t;hfbnK dh

;EkgBk, okFNoh FkjokjK ns/ ib-;o'sK,

ftF/F o{g ftu T[j fijV/ okFNoh iK

;?fBe wjZssk tkb/ j'D. Xkok 365 ftu

gqktXkB j? fe i/ oki g{oh soQK ;ktXkB

Bk j'D sK e/Ido ;oeko T[BQK ~ wip{o

eo ;edh j? fe T[j ;zftXkB dh gkbDk

eoB. fJe rZb }o{o wzBDh gt/rh fe

e/Ido dh M'bh gJ/ iK e/Ido ns/ okiK d/

;KM/ y/so ftu nkJ/ ek~BK dh gkbDk

e/tb okiK dhnK ;oekoK d[nkok jh

ekotkJh ik ;edh j?. x'y eoB s'I

pknd efwFB fJ; f;ZN/ #s/ gj[zfunk fe

fJBQK \kfJd/wzd gqktXkBK d[nkok e/Ido s/

okiK ftueko uzrk skbw/b ofynk ik

;edk j?. go fJj th }o{oh j? fe Xkok

365 ~ bkr{ eoB s'I gfjbK j'o ;ko/

Yzr sohe/ ngDk bJ/ ikD.

;op-Gkos ;/tktK ;zpzXh ikfJ}/

;w/I ;oekohnk efwFB B/ wzfBnk fe

Gkt/I oki ;oekoK, Gkosh ;zftXkB xkfVnK

dh fJ; nk; s'I ;zs[FN jB fe ;/tktK

nkgD/ \o} fBGkT[D ftu yohnK T[sohnK

jB, go e[M oki ;oekoK ek\h n;zs[FN

jB feT[Ife T[BQK ~ nk; ;h fe i/ ;/tktK

T[go e/Ido ns/ oki ;oekoK d'jK dk

;KMk nB[Fk;Bh fB:zsqD j[zdk sK pj[s

uzrk j[zdk. go j[D e/Ido dk gZbVk Gkoh

j?. ;oekohnk efwFB ~ fJ; ftu

f}nkdk d'F oki ;oekoK ftu B}oh

nkfJnk, feT[Ife T[BQK d/ n\;o nkgD/

tv/o/ okiBhshrK Bkb fJe;[o j'D s'I

esokT[Id/ ;B. S'N/ n\;oK ~ dzv d/

s"o s/ efmB EktK #s/ pdb fdsk iKdk

;h, S/sh-S/sh pdbhnK eo fdshnK iKdhnK

;B ns/ fBZeh-fBZeh rZb #s/ w[nZsb eo

fdsk iKdk ;h. eJh tko fJj t/fynk

frnk fe e/Ido ;oeko s'I fes/ tZX oki

;oekoK nkgDh wo}h d/ ezw eotkT[D

bJh wip{o eodhnK ojhnK.

;zB 2000 ftu gqXkB wzsoh ;qh

nNb fpjkoh tkig/Jh tb'I ;zftXkB dh

ekoiF?bh dk ikfJ}k b?D tk;s/ fJe

okFNoh efwFB pDkfJnk frnk, fi; d/

gqXkB, uh\ i;fN; ;qh n?w n?B t?IeNkukohnk

~ Ekfgnk frnk. T[BQK ~ nfijhnK

spdhbhnK dhnK f;\kfoFK eoB bJh

fejk frnk fijVhnK ;zftXkB d/ w[Yb/

YKu/ iK T[; d/ gZyK ~ pdbD tkbhnK

Bk j'D. efwFB B/ nkgDh fog'oN ;zB

2002 ftu ;¯gh.

fJ; ftu tZvhnK f;\koFK fJ; gqeko

jB L d/F d/ f}fbQnK ~ fJekJhnK

pDkfJnk ikt/, fiBQK ftu b'eszsoh Yzr

Bkb gqFk;B ns/ :'iBkpzdh ehsh ikt/.

d/F ftu }whBK dk w[ezwb ;ot/yD eoe/

ns/ G{wh d/ foekovK dk ezfgT{NoheoB

eo e/ fBZih ns/ ;oekoh wbehns d/

gZe/ foekov fsnko ehs/ ikD. ;oeko dk

n\;oh skDk-pkDk xNkfJnk ikt/ ns/

fJe BtK gqpzXeh f;bf;bk F[o{ ehsk

ikt/. nwb/ ;zpzXh BhshnK d/ ;tkbK d/

T[u/ g?wkB/ d/ okiBhse B/sktK tb'I T[so

d/D tk;s/ ;jkfJsk bJh ][dw[]fsnko

p'ov ;Ekgs ehs/ ikD. pj[s T[uh gZXo

d/ ;kXkoB :'rsk oZyD tkb/ ftneshnK

j/m ftF/FrK dh fB:[esh ehsh ikt/.

;z;d tb'I ;{uBk dh nk}kdh pko/ ek~B

gk; ehsk ikt/. gqXkB wzsoh dh gqXkBrh

j/m fJe okFNoh ftfrnkB ns/ seBkb'ih

efwFB dh ;EkgBk ehsh ikt/, fijVk

T[u/oh ftfrnkB ns/ seBkb'ih y'i bJh

Bhsh pDkJ/, T[; ~ :'iBkpX eo/ ns/

T[; bJh \zv fBoXkos eo/ ns/ d/F dh

e[Zb nkwdBh dk 2 gqfsFs fjZ;k T[u/oh

ftfrnkBe seBkb'iheb y'i ns/ ftek;

bJh tZyok oZy/, ;dkukoe ns/ B?fse

ftuko ~ T[u gqFk;B dk fJe nfsnzs

}o{oh gZy rodkfBnk ikt/. fJe nfijk

ek~B pDkfJnk ikt/, fi; d[nkok e[ohshnK

dk G/d y'bQD tkfbnK dk pukn ehsk

ikt/, fi; sfjs fe;/ ;oekoh w[bk}w

tb'I d[F-eow eoe/ d/F ~ B[e;kB gj[zukT[D

pdb/ T[; dh f}zw/tkoh s? ehsh ikt/, i/

e'Jh ftnesh nkgD/ ;oekoh gd d"okB

|?o-ek~Bh s"o s/ nkgDh e'Jh ikfJdkd

nkfd pDkJ/ sK T[; dh T[j ewkJh }ps

eoB bJh ek~B pDkfJnk ikt/. b'egkb

ns/ b'e-nk:[es fB:[es ehs/ ikD ns/

nzsookih tgko ns/ tDi bJh ;z;d

tb'I fJe ek~B gk; ehsk ikt/.


d{i/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB tb'Id{i/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB tb'Id{i/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB tb'Id{i/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB tb'Id{i/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB tb'I

fJe fdbu;g f;\koF fJj ehshfJe fdbu;g f;\koF fJj ehshfJe fdbu;g f;\koF fJj ehshfJe fdbu;g f;\koF fJj ehshfJe fdbu;g f;\koF fJj ehsh

rJh fe fe;/ oki dh okiXkBhrJh fe fe;/ oki dh okiXkBhrJh fe fe;/ oki dh okiXkBhrJh fe fe;/ oki dh okiXkBhrJh fe fe;/ oki dh okiXkBh

ns/ T[; dh f}fbQnK ftuekons/ T[; dh f}fbQnK ftuekons/ T[; dh f}fbQnK ftuekons/ T[; dh f}fbQnK ftuekons/ T[; dh f}fbQnK ftueko

fJe efwFBo dk nj[dk oZyD dhfJe efwFBo dk nj[dk oZyD dhfJe efwFBo dk nj[dk oZyD dhfJe efwFBo dk nj[dk oZyD dhfJe efwFBo dk nj[dk oZyD dh

e'Jh }o{os BjhI. j[D f}fbQnKe'Jh }o{os BjhI. j[D f}fbQnKe'Jh }o{os BjhI. j[D f}fbQnKe'Jh }o{os BjhI. j[D f}fbQnKe'Jh }o{os BjhI. j[D f}fbQnK

ns/ okiK dh okiXkBh ftuekons/ okiK dh okiXkBh ftuekons/ okiK dh okiXkBh ftuekons/ okiK dh okiXkBh ftuekons/ okiK dh okiXkBh ftueko

;zgoe fJzBk s/} j' frnk j? fe;zgoe fJzBk s/} j' frnk j? fe;zgoe fJzBk s/} j' frnk j? fe;zgoe fJzBk s/} j' frnk j? fe;zgoe fJzBk s/} j' frnk j? fe

fJe ftuekob/ gd dh e'Jh }o{osfJe ftuekob/ gd dh e'Jh }o{osfJe ftuekob/ gd dh e'Jh }o{osfJe ftuekob/ gd dh e'Jh }o{osfJe ftuekob/ gd dh e'Jh }o{os

BjhI ikgdh.BjhI ikgdh.BjhI ikgdh.BjhI ikgdh.BjhI ikgdh.

gfjb/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB tb'I

f;\koF ehsh rJh ;h fe e/Idoh wzsoh

wzvb ftu gqXkB wzsoh ;D/ 16 wzsoh

j'D ns/ fszB gosK tkbh wzsohnK dh

gfoFd ftu 40 s'I 46 wzsoh j'D. gqXkB

wzsoh e'b fe;/ ftF/F wzsokb/ dh

f}zw/tkoh Bk j't/. T[j e/tb Bhsh xVB

ns/ gqpzXB, skbw/b #s/ fBrokBh d/

ekoiK tZb fXnkB d/D. go jkbhI se

fJ; f;\koF s/ nwb BjhI j'fJnk.

wzsoh ns/ wzsokb/ d/ ;eZso ftueko

;zpzX fJ; soQK d/ j'D fe wzsoh, ;eZso

T[s/ ftFtk; eo/ ns/ ;eZso, wzsoh ~

g{ok wkD ;fseko d/t/. T[j d't/I \?;b/

b?D t/b/ y[ZbQk ftuko-tNKdok eoB. \?;fbnK

~ fbysh o{g fdsk ikt/. (go jkbhI se

fJ; T[s/ th nwb nkozG BjhI j'fJnk).

;KMh f}zw/tkoh ~ :ehBh pDkT[D

bJh ;ko/ wjZstg{oB wkwb/ wzsoh wzvb

ftu ftuko/ ikD ns/ T[BQK pko/ \?;b/ bJ/

ikD.

fe;/ f;tb n\;o tb'I Bhsh s'I

pkjok ekoi eoB bJh wzsoh ~

itkpd/j eoko BjhI fdsk ik ;edk.

;z;d dh fJe ;N?Ifvzr ew/Nh ;Ekgs

ehsh ikt/, fijVh jo wzsokb/ iK tZv/

ftGkr d/ ezw T[s/ B}o oZy/. (fJ; T[s/

;zB 1993 s'I nwb F[o{ j' frnk j?).

fe;/ oki d/ okigkb ~ ukjhdk j?

fe T[j w[Zy wzsoh Bkb ;bkj-wFtok

eo/, go T[j T[; d/ wFto/ ~ ep{bD

bJh tuBpZX BjhI j?.

:'iBk efwFB dk ezw e/tb :'iBktK

pDkT[Dk, T[BQK #s/ nwb bJh you/ dk

nB[wkB bkT[Dk ns/ :'iBk dh ;cbsk ~

goyDk j'Dk ukjhdk j? Bk fe T[; dh

ekor[}koh tZb fXnkB d/Dk. gqXkB wzsoh

~ :'iBk efwFB dh gqXkBrh fsnkr

d/Dh ukjhdh j?, go ftZs wzsoh Bkb fwb

e/ fJ; dhnK ;orowhnK tZb fXnkB

fdzd/ ofjDk ukjhdk j?. :'iBk efwFB

fJe soQK Bkb @tv/oh e?pfBN# pD frnk

j? ns/ fJ; B/ e/Ido ;oeko ns/ oki

;oekoK dh EK ;zGkb bJh j?. (fJ; #s/

jkbhI se nwb BjhI j'fJnk).

d{i/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB B/ fJj

ftuko gqrN ehs/ fe e/Ido ;oeko ~

ukjhdk j? fe T[j fJBQK ekoiK ~ nkgD/

jZEK ftu oZy/ L oZfynk, nzsookFNoh

;zpzX, okFNoh ;[oZfynk , fBnK ns/ ek~B

dh je{ws, uzrh fwnkoh f;Zfynk ns/ jo

Bkrfoe ~ f;js dh d/yGkb gqdkB eoe/

wB[Zyh ftek;, w[ZYbk YKuk ns/ ikoh

ofjD tkbk e[dosh ;o's ftek;, ;wkfie

;bkwsh ns/ ;wkfie fBnK, okFNoh nkofEe

:'iBkpzdh ns/ j'o y/soK bJh okFNoh

BhshnK.

:'iBktK pDkT[D s/ gqFk;fBe:'iBktK pDkT[D s/ gqFk;fBe:'iBktK pDkT[D s/ gqFk;fBe:'iBktK pDkT[D s/ gqFk;fBe:'iBktK pDkT[D s/ gqFk;fBe

ekoiK dk tyo/tKekoiK dk tyo/tKekoiK dk tyo/tKekoiK dk tyo/tKekoiK dk tyo/tK

fJe rZb tko-tko t/yD ftu nkJh

j? fe iBsk tb'I ne;o o'; w[}kfjo/ ehs/

iKd/ jB ns/ tZy-tZy EktK #s/ fGqFNkuko

fto'Xh bfjoK ubdhnK ofjzdhnK jB,

Gkt/I fJj ;EkBe j'D, y/soh iK okFNoh

gZXo #s/. ;zB 1993 ftu rqfj ;eZso ;qh

n?BHn?B t'jok B/ nkgDh fog'oN ftu

T[u/uk fXnkB fdtkfJnk ;h fe d/F d/

tZy-tZy fjZf;nK ftu fet/I okiBhshtkBK,

w[ifowK, g[fb; ns/ n\;oFkjh ftukb/

rmi'V uZb fojk j?.

fJ; rZb #s/ th j?okBh j[zdh j? fe

id'I fe;/ oki ftu ;oeko pdbdh j?,

noEks fJe okiBhse gkoNh dh EK d{ih

okiBhse gkoNh ;Zsk ;zGkbdh j? sK tZvh

frDsh ftu f;tb s/ g[fb; n\;oK

dhnK pdbhnK eo fdshnK iKdhnK jB.

i/ n;hI fJe gq"VQ d/F jK, sK ;k~ n\;oK

ns/ ekfozfdnK d/ nfij/ ekvo ekfJw

eoB/ ukjhd/ jB, i' okiBhse gkoNhnK

d/ gq'rokwK T[s/ nwb eoB ns/ nkgD/

fBZih ftukoK ~ f;nk;h BhshnK T[`s/ Gko{

Bk j'D d/D.

n;hI fJe rDszso jK. rDszson;hI fJe rDszso jK. rDszson;hI fJe rDszso jK. rDszson;hI fJe rDszso jK. rDszson;hI fJe rDszso jK. rDszso

ftu nkw iBsk dh nktk} dhftu nkw iBsk dh nktk} dhftu nkw iBsk dh nktk} dhftu nkw iBsk dh nktk} dhftu nkw iBsk dh nktk} dh

edo ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?, goedo ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?, goedo ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?, goedo ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?, goedo ehsh ikDh ukjhdh j?, go

B/sk nfij/ j'D/ ukjhd/ jB, fijV/B/sk nfij/ j'D/ ukjhd/ jB, fijV/B/sk nfij/ j'D/ ukjhd/ jB, fijV/B/sk nfij/ j'D/ ukjhd/ jB, fijV/B/sk nfij/ j'D/ ukjhd/ jB, fijV/

B?fse n;{bK #s/ uZbD tkb/ j'DB?fse n;{bK #s/ uZbD tkb/ j'DB?fse n;{bK #s/ uZbD tkb/ j'DB?fse n;{bK #s/ uZbD tkb/ j'DB?fse n;{bK #s/ uZbD tkb/ j'D

ns/ d/F #s/ okFNo dk Gbk T[BQKns/ d/F #s/ okFNo dk Gbk T[BQKns/ d/F #s/ okFNo dk Gbk T[BQKns/ d/F #s/ okFNo dk Gbk T[BQKns/ d/F #s/ okFNo dk Gbk T[BQK

dk w[ Zy Nhuk j't/. fiE' I sedk w[ Zy Nhuk j't/. fiE' I sedk w[ Zy Nhuk j't/. fiE' I sedk w[ Zy Nhuk j't/. fiE' I sedk w[ Zy Nhuk j't/. fiE' I se

rokw gzukfJsK nkfd fJekJhnKrokw gzukfJsK nkfd fJekJhnKrokw gzukfJsK nkfd fJekJhnKrokw gzukfJsK nkfd fJekJhnKrokw gzukfJsK nkfd fJekJhnK

nkfd dk ;zpzX j?, T[BQK d/ u[D/nkfd dk ;zpzX j?, T[BQK d/ u[D/nkfd dk ;zpzX j?, T[BQK d/ u[D/nkfd dk ;zpzX j?, T[BQK d/ u[D/nkfd dk ;zpzX j?, T[BQK d/ u[D/

j'J/ B/sktK ~ JhwkBdkoh Bkbj'J/ B/sktK ~ JhwkBdkoh Bkbj'J/ B/sktK ~ JhwkBdkoh Bkbj'J/ B/sktK ~ JhwkBdkoh Bkbj'J/ B/sktK ~ JhwkBdkoh Bkb

ezw eoB dh }o{os do;kT[D dhezw eoB dh }o{os do;kT[D dhezw eoB dh }o{os do;kT[D dhezw eoB dh }o{os do;kT[D dhezw eoB dh }o{os do;kT[D dh

}o{os j? sK fe T[j ;G d/ Gb/}o{os j? sK fe T[j ;G d/ Gb/}o{os j? sK fe T[j ;G d/ Gb/}o{os j? sK fe T[j ;G d/ Gb/}o{os j? sK fe T[j ;G d/ Gb/

dh ekwBk eofdnK nkgD/ \o}dh ekwBk eofdnK nkgD/ \o}dh ekwBk eofdnK nkgD/ \o}dh ekwBk eofdnK nkgD/ \o}dh ekwBk eofdnK nkgD/ \o}

fBGkT[D.fBGkT[D.fBGkT[D.fBGkT[D.fBGkT[D.

Gkos tor/ pj[-B;bh, pj[-GkFkJh,

pj[-Xowh, pj[-w";wh ns/ pj[-;fGnkukoe

d/F ftu iBsk dhnK nk;K ns/ T[wzrK

ftu th ek\h fGzBsk ns/ \oe j?.

e[dosh rZb j? fe T[BQK d/ tZy-tZy okiK

ftu gqFk;fBe b'VK ns/ neKeFktK ftu

th \oe j't/. fJ; ekoB gqFk;fBe

spdhbhnK dk gqtkj th ubdk oj/rk go

b'V okFNoh J/esk ns/ nyzvsk dh j?,

fi; ~ ekfJw oZyD bJh ;k~ ;dk

ssgo ofjDk gt/rk.

(b/ye Bkwh ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)




Gkos ftu j[D se d/ gqFk;fBe ;[XkoGkos ftu j[D se d/ gqFk;fBe ;[XkoGkos ftu j[D se d/ gqFk;fBe ;[XkoGkos ftu j[D se d/ gqFk;fBe ;[XkoGkos ftu j[D se d/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko

;H;H ShBk;H;H ShBk;H;H ShBk;H;H ShBk;H;H ShBk

Fk;fBe ;[Xko dk noE j?

;oekoh eowukohnK tb'I nkgD/

ezw eoB d/ Yzr ftu T[j spdhbhnK

ehshnK ikD fijVhnK T[BQK dhnK ;/tktK

d/ gqdkB eoB ftu n:'rsk g?dk eodhnK

jB. rKXh ih nB[;ko @@;kvh irkj #s/

nkT[D tkbk rkje ;G s'I wjZstg{oB j?,

T[j ;kv/ #s/ fBoGo BjhI eodk, n;hI T[;

#s/ fBoGo eod/ jK. T[j ;kv/ ezw ftu

o[ektN g?dk BjhI eodk.## T[j jh ;kvk

T[d/F j?, T[j ;kv/ tgko ftu e'Jh

pkjobk BjhI ;r'I T[; dk fjZ;k j?. 29

wkou 1954 ~ iBse gqpzX dh ;z;Ek d/

T[dxkNBh ;wkrw ftu p'bfdnK itkjo

bkb Bfjo{ B/ fejk ;h fe ;kvk fJwfsjkB

j? l wB[Zyh iht ns/ T[; dk efbnkD.

;[szsosk s'I fJedw pknd d/F d/;[szsosk s'I fJedw pknd d/F d/;[szsosk s'I fJedw pknd d/F d/;[szsosk s'I fJedw pknd d/F d/;[szsosk s'I fJedw pknd d/F d/

B/sktK d/ ;kjwD/ fJj rZb pj[sB/sktK d/ ;kjwD/ fJj rZb pj[sB/sktK d/ ;kjwD/ fJj rZb pj[sB/sktK d/ ;kjwD/ fJj rZb pj[sB/sktK d/ ;kjwD/ fJj rZb pj[s

wjZstg{oB ;h fe gqFk;B ftuwjZstg{oB ;h fe gqFk;B ftuwjZstg{oB ;h fe gqFk;B ftuwjZstg{oB ;h fe gqFk;B ftuwjZstg{oB ;h fe gqFk;B ftu

T[BQK ;G so[ZNhnK ~ d{o ehskT[BQK ;G so[ZNhnK ~ d{o ehskT[BQK ;G so[ZNhnK ~ d{o ehskT[BQK ;G so[ZNhnK ~ d{o ehskT[BQK ;G so[ZNhnK ~ d{o ehsk

ikt/ fijVhnK iBsk se ;/tktKikt/ fijVhnK iBsk se ;/tktKikt/ fijVhnK iBsk se ;/tktKikt/ fijVhnK iBsk se ;/tktKikt/ fijVhnK iBsk se ;/tktK

gj[zukT[D ftu d/oh eodhnK jBgj[zukT[D ftu d/oh eodhnK jBgj[zukT[D ftu d/oh eodhnK jBgj[zukT[D ftu d/oh eodhnK jBgj[zukT[D ftu d/oh eodhnK jB

iK fiBQK ftu n:'rsk Fkfwb j?.iK fiBQK ftu n:'rsk Fkfwb j?.iK fiBQK ftu n:'rsk Fkfwb j?.iK fiBQK ftu n:'rsk Fkfwb j?.iK fiBQK ftu n:'rsk Fkfwb j?.

wjkswk rKXh ns/ itkjo bkbwjkswk rKXh ns/ itkjo bkbwjkswk rKXh ns/ itkjo bkbwjkswk rKXh ns/ itkjo bkbwjkswk rKXh ns/ itkjo bkb

Bfjo{ tor/ ftneshnK B/ gqFk;BBfjo{ tor/ ftneshnK B/ gqFk;BBfjo{ tor/ ftneshnK B/ gqFk;BBfjo{ tor/ ftneshnK B/ gqFk;BBfjo{ tor/ ftneshnK B/ gqFk;B

ftu w[Zy fXnkB, FfjohnK #s/ e/ftu w[Zy fXnkB, FfjohnK #s/ e/ftu w[Zy fXnkB, FfjohnK #s/ e/ftu w[Zy fXnkB, FfjohnK #s/ e/ftu w[Zy fXnkB, FfjohnK #s/ e/

Idfos ehsk ns/ FfjohnK d/Idfos ehsk ns/ FfjohnK d/Idfos ehsk ns/ FfjohnK d/Idfos ehsk ns/ FfjohnK d/Idfos ehsk ns/ FfjohnK d/

efbnkD ns/ GbkJh bJh T[BQKefbnkD ns/ GbkJh bJh T[BQKefbnkD ns/ GbkJh bJh T[BQKefbnkD ns/ GbkJh bJh T[BQKefbnkD ns/ GbkJh bJh T[BQK

;G spdhbhnK ~ gqpzX ftu fbnkT[D;G spdhbhnK ~ gqpzX ftu fbnkT[D;G spdhbhnK ~ gqpzX ftu fbnkT[D;G spdhbhnK ~ gqpzX ftu fbnkT[D;G spdhbhnK ~ gqpzX ftu fbnkT[D

bJh ;[u/s ehsk fi; Bkb jobJh ;[u/s ehsk fi; Bkb jobJh ;[u/s ehsk fi; Bkb jobJh ;[u/s ehsk fi; Bkb jobJh ;[u/s ehsk fi; Bkb jo

ftnesh ~ xZN'-xZN ;w/ I ftuftnesh ~ xZN'-xZN ;w/ I ftuftnesh ~ xZN'-xZN ;w/ I ftuftnesh ~ xZN'-xZN ;w/ I ftuftnesh ~ xZN'-xZN ;w/ I ftu

uzrhnK ;/tktK fwb ;eD.uzrhnK ;/tktK fwb ;eD.uzrhnK ;/tktK fwb ;eD.uzrhnK ;/tktK fwb ;eD.uzrhnK ;/tktK fwb ;eD.

gqFk;B d/ tZy-tZy ftfFnK ftu

pj[s ;kohnK spdhbhnK dh b'V ;h.

gqFk;B d/ tZy-tZy ftF/ ;B, okiBhse,

ek~Bh, ;EkgBk, seBheh, ftneshrs,

ftZsh, ;wkfie ns/ wkBf;e nkfd. fJ;

s'I fJbktk, fJe d/F ~ nzsookFNoh

;z;EktK fit/I ;z:[es okFNo, :{oghB

:{BhnB, nzsookFNoh w[dok \zv, :{B?;e'

nkfd ;z;EktK Bkb nkgD/ ;zpzX pDkT[D/

j[zd/ jB fi; ftu Bk f;o\ ftZsh bkG

;r'I nkw iBsk bJh ;wkfie bkGK dhnK

;zGktBktK j[zdhnK jB fiBQK ~ tZX s'I tZX

gqkgs eoBk jo d/F dk w[Zy T[d/F j[zdk

j?. fJ; bJh fJj }o{oh pDdk j? fe

gqFk;B ftu :'rsk fbnKdh ikt/. soZ[NhnK

d{o ehshnK ikD ns/ ;w/I d/ pdbD

Bkb BthnK nkJhnK spdbhnK nB[;ko

;[Xko fbnKdk ikt/.

;[szsosk s'I gfjbK tZy-tZy ftGkrK

ftu eowukohnK dh fijVh ftt;Ek pDh

j'Jh ;h ns/ T[BQK d/ ezw pko/ fBohyD

eoB bJh 1951 ftu ;qh J/HvhH r'otkbk

d/ nXhB :'iBk efwFB tb'I fJe ew/Nh

pDkJh rJh ns/ T[; s'I pknd 1953

ftu fJe j'o ew/Nh pDkJh rJh sK fe

gqFk;Bh wFhBoh d/ ezw pko/ ft;Eko

;fjs nfXn?B ehsk ikt/. fJ; efwFB

~ n?gbph efwFB fejk iKdk j?. 1954

ftu gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK ~ e/Ido d/ wzsoh

wzvb tb'I ftukfonk frnk ns/ fJ; B/

fijV/ w[Zy w[Zd/ ftuko/ T[j ;B, g?;/ dh

pZus eoBh, ftF/FskJh tkb/ ezwK #s/

fBrokBh, ftGkrK ftu fwbtosB ns/

skbw/b, gqFk;fBe eowukoh ns/ ftek;,

ns/ fGqFNkuko ~ o'eDk nkfd. fJBQK ;G

dk ;zpzX f;o\ fJe jh w[Zd/ Bkb ;h fe

d/F d/ jo Ffjoh ~ xZN'-xZN bkrs #s/

xZN'-xZN ;w/I ftu n;kBh Bkb gqpzXeh

;/tktK fwb ;edhnK j'D.

fe;/ th ;cb gqpzX ftu gqpzX d/

fszBK nzrK dk ;[szso ns/ fJe d{i/ d/

gqGkt s'I w[es j'Dk pj[s }o{oh j?. ;G

s'I gfjbK ek~B pDkT[D bJh okiK ftu

ftXkB ;GktK ns/ e/Ido ftu ;z;d, fiBQK

dh u'D ;zpzXh ;G t/ot/ ;zftXkB ftu

fds/ rJ/ jB. go ;w/I-;w/I T[BQK ftu th

;[Xko d/ T[d/F Bkb e[M ;'XK ehshnK

rJhnK jB. ekoiekoBh fi; ftu e/Ido

ftu gqXkB wzsoh id fe okiK ftu w[Zy

wzsoh d/ Bkb-Bkb T[BQK d/ wzsoh wzvb

d/ wzsoh fiBQK d/ nXhB tZy-tZy ftGkrK

d/ n\;o, eowukoh ns/ nwbk fB:[es

j[zdk j?. sh;ok nzr j? fBnKgkfbek i'

;ko/ d/F bJh ;[gohw e'oN, fco okiK dh

gZXo #s/ jkJh e'oN, f}bQk gZXo #s/ ;?FB

e'oN ns/ T[g-wzvb dh gZXo #s/ iZiK ftu

tZy-tZy y/soK nB[;ko tzfvnk j'fJnk j?.

uzr/ gqpzX bJh }o{oh j? fe fszB/ jh nzr

;[szso s"o s/ ezw eoB.

okiK d/ nXhB go ;[zsso s"o s/

;EkBe ;oekoK fiBQK ftu Bro gkfbektK

iK fBrw ns/ fgzvK ftu gzukfJsK dh

ftt;Ek ehsh rJh. e[M ftGkr fJBQK

;z;EktK d/ nXhB ehs/ rJ/ Gkt/I fe

gqgqgqgqgq


;oekoh ;ogq;sh d/ nXhB fJj ;z;EktK

ezw eodhnK jB go fJBQK d/ fizw/ e[M

ezw bkJ/ iKd/ jB. Gkt/I fe ;EkBe

;oekoK d/ you g{o/ eoB bJh T[BQK ~

oki dh ;oeko #s/ jh fBoGo eoBk g?Idk

j?. fco th T[BQK tb'I nkwdB fJeZmh

eoB bJh T[BQK ~ eo bkT[D dhnK e[M

FeshnK d/ fdshnK iKdhnK jB fi;

Bkb T[j T[BQK d/ fizw/ bZr/ ezwK ~ g{ok

eodhnK jB.

Gkos dh f}nkdkso nkpkdh fgzvK

ftu ofjzdh j? ns/ fJj fgzv d{o-d{o se

f}bQ/ ns/ sfj;hb d/ w[Zy d\soK s'I ek\h

d{o j[zd/ jB. fgzvK dhnK e[M ;wZf;nktK

T[j jB fijVhnK fgzv dh gZXo #s/ jh

jZb j' ;edhnK jB. ;[szsosk s'I fJedw

pknd gzukfJsh oki gqDkbh F[o{ ehsh

rJh. pknd ftu 1962 fJ; gqDkbh ~

fszB gZXoh gqDkbh pDk fdsk frnk fi;

ftu gzukfJsK s'I pknd pbke dh gZXo

#s/ gzukfJs ;zwsh fi; ~ gzukfJsK d/

B[wkfJzfdnK tb'I u[fDnk iKdk ;h ns/

fco f}bQk gfoFd fi; ~ gzukfJs ;zwshnK

tb'I u[fDnk iKdk ;h. gzukfJsK, gzukfJs

;zwshnK ns/ f}bQk gfoFd ftu ezwK dh

tzv ehsh iKdh j?. pknd ftu 1993

ftu gzukfJsh oki ek~B ftu ;'X eoe/,

gzukfJs ;zwshnK ns/ f}bQk gfoFd d/

u'D d/ Yzr ftu eJh spdhbhnK ehshnK

rJhnK fi; ftu w[Zy rZb fJj ;h fe

fgzvK ftu ofjD tkb/ jo ftnesh ~

fJBQK dh u'D ftu fjZ;k b?D dk w"ek

fdsk frnk ns/ gzukfJsK, gzukfJs ;zwshnK

ns/ f}bQk gfoFd d/ ezwK ftu tzv ehsh

rJh.

;[szsosk s'I gfjbK d/F dk gqFk;fBe

YKuk pj[s r[zMbdko ;h. d/F ftu eJh

fonk;sK, wjkokfinK, BtkpK ns/ fB}kwK

d/ nXhB ;B fiBQK ftu S'N/ s'I tZv/

n\;o se dhnK fB:[eshnK dk Yzr

T[; fonk;s d/ w[yh #s/ fBoGo eodk

;h. e[M tZv/-tZv/ ]kBdkBK ns/ irhodkoK

~ eJh soQK d/ jZe jkf;b ;B. fpqfNF

;oeko d/ nXhB y/so ftu nzro/}K

dhnK b'VK nB[;ko Gosh dh fefonk d/

T[BQK dh wo}h nB[;ko fB:w pD/ j'J/

;B. fJE'I se fe Gkos dhnK f;tb

;/tktK d/ n\;oK bJh w[ekpb/ d/ fJwfsjkB

ftu th gZygks ehsk iKdk ;h ns/ T[j

fJwfsjkB bzvB ftu n:'fis ehsk iKdk

;h.

;[szsosk s'I pknd fJ; rZb;[szsosk s'I pknd fJ; rZb;[szsosk s'I pknd fJ; rZb;[szsosk s'I pknd fJ; rZb;[szsosk s'I pknd fJ; rZb

tZb fXnkB fdsk frnk fe jotZb fXnkB fdsk frnk fe jotZb fXnkB fdsk frnk fe jotZb fXnkB fdsk frnk fe jotZb fXnkB fdsk frnk fe jo

gZXo d/ eowukoh dh gqfefonkgZXo d/ eowukoh dh gqfefonkgZXo d/ eowukoh dh gqfefonkgZXo d/ eowukoh dh gqfefonkgZXo d/ eowukoh dh gqfefonk

eh j't/. feT[Ife Gkos B/ b'eszsoeh j't/. feT[Ife Gkos B/ b'eszsoeh j't/. feT[Ife Gkos B/ b'eszsoeh j't/. feT[Ife Gkos B/ b'eszsoeh j't/. feT[Ife Gkos B/ b'eszso

ngDkfJnk fi; ftu jo fJengDkfJnk fi; ftu jo fJengDkfJnk fi; ftu jo fJengDkfJnk fi; ftu jo fJengDkfJnk fi; ftu jo fJe

bJh pokpo jZe ;B. fJ;bJh pokpo jZe ;B. fJ;bJh pokpo jZe ;B. fJ;bJh pokpo jZe ;B. fJ;bJh pokpo jZe ;B. fJ;

bJh ;G s'I wjZstg{oB rZb ;hbJh ;G s'I wjZstg{oB rZb ;hbJh ;G s'I wjZstg{oB rZb ;hbJh ;G s'I wjZstg{oB rZb ;hbJh ;G s'I wjZstg{oB rZb ;h

fe B"eohnK dh jo gZXo #s/fe B"eohnK dh jo gZXo #s/fe B"eohnK dh jo gZXo #s/fe B"eohnK dh jo gZXo #s/fe B"eohnK dh jo gZXo #s/

xZN'-xZN :'rsk g{oh eoB s'IxZN'-xZN :'rsk g{oh eoB s'IxZN'-xZN :'rsk g{oh eoB s'IxZN'-xZN :'rsk g{oh eoB s'IxZN'-xZN :'rsk g{oh eoB s'I

pknd jo fJe d/ u[D/ ikDpknd jo fJe d/ u[D/ ikDpknd jo fJe d/ u[D/ ikDpknd jo fJe d/ u[D/ ikDpknd jo fJe d/ u[D/ ikD

bJh pokpo d/ w"e/ j'D ns/bJh pokpo d/ w"e/ j'D ns/bJh pokpo d/ w"e/ j'D ns/bJh pokpo d/ w"e/ j'D ns/bJh pokpo d/ w"e/ j'D ns/

fJ; u'D eoB tkbh ;z;Ek ;oekohfJ; u'D eoB tkbh ;z;Ek ;oekohfJ; u'D eoB tkbh ;z;Ek ;oekohfJ; u'D eoB tkbh ;z;Ek ;oekohfJ; u'D eoB tkbh ;z;Ek ;oekoh

gqGkt s'I fpbe[b w[es j't/.gqGkt s'I fpbe[b w[es j't/.gqGkt s'I fpbe[b w[es j't/.gqGkt s'I fpbe[b w[es j't/.gqGkt s'I fpbe[b w[es j't/.

fJ; T[d/F ~ ;kjwD/ oyd/ j'J/

e/Ido dh gZXo #s/ ;zx b'e ;/tk nk:'r

ns/ okiK dh gZXo #s/ okiK d/ ;oft;

;b?eFB p'ov fB:[es ehs/ rJ/. fJBQK

d/ w?Ipo ns/ u/now?BK dh fB:[esh dh

gqfefonk s? ehsh rJh ns/ fJj :ehBh

pDkfJnk frnk fe fJj p'ov fe;/ fe;w

dk gZygks Bk eo ;eD. fJ; ftu ;G

s'I tZvh rZb ;h fJBQK p'ovK d/ w?IpoK

bJh fe;/ fe;w d/ okiBhse iK ;oekoh

gqGkt s'I w[es j' e/ ezw eoB dh

ftt;Ek. eowukohnK dh fB:[esh s'I

fJbktk, T[BQK dh soZeh d/ fB:w fBFus

ehs/ rJ/ ns/ jo n;kwh bJh xZN'-xZN

:'rsk s? ehsh rJh.

gqFk;B ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJh

fJj }o{oh pDdk j? fe BthnK nkT[D

tkbhnK spdhbhnK ns/ b'VK nB[;ko

gqpzX ftu spdhbhnK ns/ ;[XkoK d/

;w/I-;w/I #s/ nfXn?B ehsk ikt/. fJ; rZb

~ w[Zy oZyfdnK gfjbK gqFk;fBe ;[Xko

efwFB 5 iBtoh 1966 ~ ;Ekfgs ehsk

frnk. fJ; d/ gfjb/ u/now?B ;qh w[okoih

d/;kJh ;B i' T[; t/b/ gkobhw?IN d/ w?Ipo

;B go pknd ftu T[j T[g gqXkB wzsoh

pDB eoe/ fJ; gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB

d/ u/now?B ;qh e/H jB{zwEZJhnk pDkJ/

rJ/. fJ; gqpzXeh efwFB ~ rqfj wzsokbk

d/ nXhB ;Ekfgs ehsk frnk. fJ; d/

fizw/ fJj rZb bkJh rJh fe T[j T[BQK

jkbsK dk nfXn?B eo/ fi; Bkb ;oekoh

eowukohnK dh :'rsk dk tZX s'I tZX

bkG b?Dk :ehBh pD ;e/ ns/ ;oekoh

eowukoh d/F d/ ftek; bJh ;wkfie

ns/ nkofEe gZXo #s/ T[uhnK gqkgshnK

eo ;eD.

fJ; efwFB tb'I j/m fdshnK rZbK

~ fXnkB ftu ofynk frnk fiBQK ftu

;oekoh Jh gqFk;fBe wFhBoh d/ ezw

eoB dk Yzr, :'iBktK dk jo gZXo #s/

bkr{ eoBk, e/Ido ns/ okiK d/ foFs/,

okiK dh gZXo dk gqFk;B, f}bQk gqFk;B,

y/sh gqFk;B ns/ jo Ffjoh dhnK fFekfJsK

dk fBgNkok eoBk. fJ; bJh fJ; efwFB

B/ tZy-tZy gfjb{nK dk nfXnB eoB s'I

pknd nkgDhnK 20 fog'oNK fdshnK

fiBQK ftu nkw FfjohnK dhnK fFekfJsK

dk fBgNkok eoBk, :'iBk dk YKuk, ;oekoh

gqpzX nXhB fJekJhnK, ftZs, b/yk ns/

nkfvN, e/Ido s/ okiK d/ ;zpzX, okiK dk

gqpzX fo}ot p?Ie nk\ fJzvhnk, vke ns/

sko ftGkr nkfd. fJBQK fog'oNK ftu

fJBQK ftGkrK d/ ezw ftu f}ndk :'rsk

fbnkT[D bJh tZy-tZy soQK dhnK 537

f;\koFK ehshnK i' fe fJ; efwFB d/

fJBQK Bkb ;zpzfXs wzsokbk Bkb skbw/b

eoB s'I pknd v{zx/ nfXn?B s'I pknd

ehshnK ;B. fJj efwFB 1970 d/ nZX

se fojk go fJBQK dhnK f;\koFK ~

Btzpo 1977 ftu gkobhw?IN d/ ;kjwD/


g/F ehsk frnk.

1991 ftu T[dkoheoB, fBZiheoB1991 ftu T[dkoheoB, fBZiheoB1991 ftu T[dkoheoB, fBZiheoB1991 ftu T[dkoheoB, fBZiheoB1991 ftu T[dkoheoB, fBZiheoB

ns/ ftFtheoB dh Bhsh ~ ;kohns/ ftFtheoB dh Bhsh ~ ;kohns/ ftFtheoB dh Bhsh ~ ;kohns/ ftFtheoB dh Bhsh ~ ;kohns/ ftFtheoB dh Bhsh ~ ;koh

d[BhnK ftu T[sFkfjs ehsk frnkd[BhnK ftu T[sFkfjs ehsk frnkd[BhnK ftu T[sFkfjs ehsk frnkd[BhnK ftu T[sFkfjs ehsk frnkd[BhnK ftu T[sFkfjs ehsk frnk

fi; bJh fJ; tksktoB ftufi; bJh fJ; tksktoB ftufi; bJh fJ; tksktoB ftufi; bJh fJ; tksktoB ftufi; bJh fJ; tksktoB ftu

gqpzXeh spdhbhnK dh b'V ;wMhgqpzXeh spdhbhnK dh b'V ;wMhgqpzXeh spdhbhnK dh b'V ;wMhgqpzXeh spdhbhnK dh b'V ;wMhgqpzXeh spdhbhnK dh b'V ;wMh

rJh. fJ; eoe/ fco 5 nr;srJh. fJ; eoe/ fco 5 nr;srJh. fJ; eoe/ fco 5 nr;srJh. fJ; eoe/ fco 5 nr;srJh. fJ; eoe/ fco 5 nr;s

2005 ~ d{;ok gqFk;fBe ;[Xko2005 ~ d{;ok gqFk;fBe ;[Xko2005 ~ d{;ok gqFk;fBe ;[Xko2005 ~ d{;ok gqFk;fBe ;[Xko2005 ~ d{;ok gqFk;fBe ;[Xko

efwFB ;Ekfgs ehsk frnk ns/efwFB ;Ekfgs ehsk frnk ns/efwFB ;Ekfgs ehsk frnk ns/efwFB ;Ekfgs ehsk frnk ns/efwFB ;Ekfgs ehsk frnk ns/

fJ; efwFB d/ gqXkB ;B thoZgkfJ; efwFB d/ gqXkB ;B thoZgkfJ; efwFB d/ gqXkB ;B thoZgkfJ; efwFB d/ gqXkB ;B thoZgkfJ; efwFB d/ gqXkB ;B thoZgk

w'fJbh id'I fe vkH J/HghH w[yoih,w'fJbh id'I fe vkH J/HghH w[yoih,w'fJbh id'I fe vkH J/HghH w[yoih,w'fJbh id'I fe vkH J/HghH w[yoih,w'fJbh id'I fe vkH J/HghH w[yoih,

vkH J/H n?u ekbo', vkH i?gqekFvkH J/H n?u ekbo', vkH i?gqekFvkH J/H n?u ekbo', vkH i?gqekFvkH J/H n?u ekbo', vkH i?gqekFvkH J/H n?u ekbo', vkH i?gqekF

BokfJDB fJ; d/ w?Ipo ;B ns/BokfJDB fJ; d/ w?Ipo ;B ns/BokfJDB fJ; d/ w?Ipo ;B ns/BokfJDB fJ; d/ w?Ipo ;B ns/BokfJDB fJ; d/ w?Ipo ;B ns/

tBhsk okJ/ fJ; efwFB d/ w?IpotBhsk okJ/ fJ; efwFB d/ w?IpotBhsk okJ/ fJ; efwFB d/ w?IpotBhsk okJ/ fJ; efwFB d/ w?IpotBhsk okJ/ fJ; efwFB d/ w?Ipo

;eZso ;B.;eZso ;B.;eZso ;B.;eZso ;B.;eZso ;B.

thoZgk w'fJbh d/ 2009 ftu n;sh\k

d/D s'I pknd th okwkuzdo ~ fJ;

efwFB dk u/now?B pDkfJnk frnk.

efwFB d/ fizw/ fJj bkfJnk frnk fe

T[j fJj nfXn?B eo/ fe fe; soQK :'r

gqFk;B fijVk brksko uZbD tkbk j't/

ns/ itkpd/j j't/ ns/ T[; bJh fe;

soQK d/ ;[Xko eoB dh b'V j?. fJ; bJh

fJ; efwFB ~ e[M rZbK #s/ ]k; fXnkB

d/D bJh fejk frnk.

ftF/ ;B l Gkos ;oeko dk gqFk;fBe

YKuk, gqFk;B dh B?fsesk, ftZsh gqpzX

pDkT[Dk, f}fbQnK dh gZXo #s/ :'r gqpzX

~ :ehBh pDkT[Dk, ;EBe ;oekoK ns/

gzukfJsK d/ gqpzX dk nfXn?B, ;wkfie

g{zih, No;N ns/ iBse ;/tktK ~ gqdkB

eoBk nkfd. efwFB B/ okiK dhnK

;oekoK dh ;bkj Bkb nkgD/ Yzr pDkT[D/

;B ns/ fJ; bJh T[j ew/NhnK, ;bkjeko

nkgDh ;jkfJsk bJh fB:[es eo ;ed/

;B. Gkos ;oeko d/ wzsoh ns/ ;zpzfXs

ftGkr fJ; bJh b'VhIdh ns/ }o{oh

ikDekoh gqdkB eoBr/.

fJ; d{;o/ gqFk;fBe ;[Xko efwFB

B/ ;oeko ~ 15 fog'oNK fdshnK fiBQK

ftu ;{uBk dk nfXeko, 2006 ftu

w[FfebK dk jZb eoBk, 2006 ftu, ;EkBe

gqFk;B 2007 ftu, ;wkfie g{zih 2008

ftu Gkos ;oeko dk gqFk;Bh YKuk

2009 ftu, okiK ns/ f}fbQnK d/ gqpzX

dh fog'oN 2009 ftu nkfd fdshnK.

30 wkou 2007 ~ T[; tes d/

ftd/Fh wkwfbnK d/ wzsoh dh gqXkBrh

nXhB ;oeko B/ wzsohnK d/ fJe ro[Zg

~ fB:[es ehsk fe T[j ;[Xko efwFB

dhnK f;\koFK #s/ fXnkB d/D ns/ T[BQK

dh ;whfynk eoB.

Gkt/I fe b'egkb dk fpb eJh fuoK

s'I ;z;d ftu g/F ehsk iKdk fojk ;h go

T[; ~ rzGhosk Bkb 2011 ftu g/F

ehsk frnk ns/ fco fJ; ~ ;kohnK

okiBhse gkoNhnK d/ ;fj:'r Bkb 2013

ftu gk; eo fdsk frnk. fJ; ;z;Ek

Bkb ;z;d d/ w?Ipo ns/ wzsohnK d/

ezweki #s/ fXnkB ofynk ikt/rk ns/

T[BQK d/ ezw eoB d/ Yzr ns/ T[BQK

;zpzXh fGqFNkuko dhnK nkJhnK fFekfJsK

dh ;[DtkJh ehsh ikt/rh. fJ; ;z;Ek ~

fpbe[b ;oeko gqGkt s'I ;[szso oZyD dh

ftt;Ek ehsh ikt/rh sK fe ;oeko d/

gqGkt Bkb fJ; ;z;Ek d/ ezweki #s/ e'Jh

gqGkt Bk gt/ ns/ gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK ftu

e'Jh o[ektN Bk nkt/.

gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK ftu ;{uBk d/ nfXeko

dk jZe i' 2006 ftu bkr{ ehsk frnk

fJe pj[s wjZstg{oB edw j?. fJ;

Bkb fe;/ th ;oekoh eowukoh pko/ jo

soQK dh ;{uBk iK fe;/ ekotkJh bJh

ehsh rJh gqfefonk dh ;koh ;{uBk T[gbpX

eokT[D dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh. fJ;

nfXeko Bkb e'Jh th ftnesh E'VQh fijh

ch; d/ e/ fe;/ th ftnesh iK wfjew/

pko/ ;{uBk gqkgs eo ;edk j? ns/

;zpzfXs wfjew/ iK eowukoh ~ T[j

;{uBk ;hws ;w/I d/ nzdo d/Dh gt/rh

ns/ e[skjh eoB dh jkbs ftu T[;

eowukoh d/ nXhB ek~Bh ekotkJh ehsh

ik ;e/rh. fJ; nfXeko okjhI e'Jh th

ftnesh, oki, e/Ido iK ;EkBe ;oeko

dh fe;/ th ekotkJh ;zpzXh ;{uBk gqkgs

eo ;edk j?. fJ; Bkb ;ko/ jh nfXekoh

ns/ eowukoh ;[u/s j' rJ/ jB ns/ fJ;

fJe jh nfXeko Bkb gqFk;B ftu pj[s

tZvh :'rsk nk rJh j?.

g qFk;fBe ;[XkoK dh fefonkg qFk;fBe ;[XkoK dh fefonkg qFk;fBe ;[XkoK dh fefonkg qFk;fBe ;[XkoK dh fefonkg qFk;fBe ;[XkoK dh fefonk

brksko ikoh oj/rh feT[Ife i'brksko ikoh oj/rh feT[Ife i'brksko ikoh oj/rh feT[Ife i'brksko ikoh oj/rh feT[Ife i'brksko ikoh oj/rh feT[Ife i'

;w/I-;w/ I #s/ nkJhnK spdhbhnK;w/I-;w/ I #s/ nkJhnK spdhbhnK;w/I-;w/ I #s/ nkJhnK spdhbhnK;w/I-;w/ I #s/ nkJhnK spdhbhnK;w/I-;w/ I #s/ nkJhnK spdhbhnK

Bkb BthnK b'VK g?dk j' iKdhnKBkb BthnK b'VK g?dk j' iKdhnKBkb BthnK b'VK g?dk j' iKdhnKBkb BthnK b'VK g?dk j' iKdhnKBkb BthnK b'VK g?dk j' iKdhnK

jB fi; eoe/ gfjbhnK jkbsKjB fi; eoe/ gfjbhnK jkbsKjB fi; eoe/ gfjbhnK jkbsKjB fi; eoe/ gfjbhnK jkbsKjB fi; eoe/ gfjbhnK jkbsK

pdb iKdhnK jB fi; bJhpdb iKdhnK jB fi; bJhpdb iKdhnK jB fi; bJhpdb iKdhnK jB fi; bJhpdb iKdhnK jB fi; bJh

Bt/I ;[XkoK dh b'V pD iKdh j?.Bt/I ;[XkoK dh b'V pD iKdh j?.Bt/I ;[XkoK dh b'V pD iKdh j?.Bt/I ;[XkoK dh b'V pD iKdh j?.Bt/I ;[XkoK dh b'V pD iKdh j?.

fJBQK gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dk T[d/FfJBQK gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dk T[d/FfJBQK gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dk T[d/FfJBQK gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dk T[d/FfJBQK gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dk T[d/F

f;o\ fJe j? fe nkw ftneshf;o\ fJe j? fe nkw ftneshf;o\ fJe j? fe nkw ftneshf;o\ fJe j? fe nkw ftneshf;o\ fJe j? fe nkw ftnesh

~ n;kBh Bkb ;oekoh ;/tktK~ n;kBh Bkb ;oekoh ;/tktK~ n;kBh Bkb ;oekoh ;/tktK~ n;kBh Bkb ;oekoh ;/tktK~ n;kBh Bkb ;oekoh ;/tktK

ns/ \?;b/ fwb ;ed/ jB.ns/ \?;b/ fwb ;ed/ jB.ns/ \?;b/ fwb ;ed/ jB.ns/ \?;b/ fwb ;ed/ jB.ns/ \?;b/ fwb ;ed/ jB.

(b/ye noEFk;soh s/ ;/tk w[es gq'c?;o

j?.)


ftukoftukoftukoftukoftuko

• uzrk oki ubkT[D bJh, uzr/ ek~BK

dh T[Bh b'V BjhI j[zdh fizBh fe

;[fjod nfXekohnK dh. -(no;s{)

• fijVk oki ;t?-;BwkB dh f;Zfynk

fdzdk j? T[j ;op'sw wzfBnk iKdk

j?. - (r/N/)

• T[j jh ;oeko ;G s'I tXhnk j?,

fijVh tZX s'I tZX e[ZM d/ ;edh j?.

- (t'bNoHn?b)

• ;oeko dh ;koh ebk T[; dh JhwkBdkoh

ftu j[zdh j?. - (E"w;H i/)

• T[j ;oeko uzrh wzBh iKdh j? fijVhrohp s/ ew}'o wB[Zy Bkb j'Jh

tXheh ~ ;GBK dk ngwkB wzBdh

j?. - (;'bB)



gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK d/ T[d/F s/ gqkgshnKgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK d/ T[d/F s/ gqkgshnKgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK d/ T[d/F s/ gqkgshnKgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK d/ T[d/F s/ gqkgshnKgqFk;fBe ;[XkoK d/ T[d/F s/ gqkgshnK

;oski f;zx;oski f;zx;oski f;zx;oski f;zx;oski f;zx

Xko dk noE j?, gfjbK s'I e[M

uzrk eoBk sK fe T[; ftu

;[Xko j' ;e/ iK fe;/ soZ[Nh ~ d{o

eoBk. id'I gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dh rZb

ehsh iKdh j? sK fJ; dk ;zpzX gqpzX ftu

gfjbK s'I uzr/ YKu/ ns/ gqDkbh Bkb j?

sK fe gfjbK s'I ub ojhnK so[NhnK ~

d{o ehsk ik ;e/. 1947 s'I gfjbK Gkos

fpqfNF ;kwoki dk fjZ;k ;h. jo ftnesh

~ t'N dk nfXeko BjhI ;h ns/ gqpzX dk

w[Zy wzst nzro/} ;oeko dh :'rsk Bkb

;/tk eoBh ;h. ;[szsosk s'I pknd BtK

;zftXkB ngDkfJnk frnk sK fJ; ;zftXkB

~ F[o{ jh @@n;hI Gkos d/ b'e## Bkb F[o{

ehsk frnk fi; dk noE ;h fe jo fe;/

bJh okiBhse, nkofEe y/so nkfd ftu

pokpo d/ w"e/. e'Jh T[sw iK xZN

fwnko dk Ffjoh BjhI.

T[gozs, gfjbk fijVk gqFk;fBe ;[Xko

ehsk frnk, T[j ;h Gkos ftu ;z;dh

Yzr dh ;oeko ngDkJh rJh fi; ~ jo

fJe pkbr Ffjoh tb'I t'NK Bkb u[fDnk

iKdk ;h. b'eK tb'I u[Dh j'Jh ;oeko

gqFk;B bJh g{oh soQK ;woE ;h. fJ;

bJh ;zftXkB nB[;ko Bt/I gqpzX d/ sfjs

;oeko fszBK nzrK, ek~B pDkT[D tkbh

;z;d, gqpzXe wFhBoh ns/ fBnKgkfbek

ftu ezwK dh tzv ehsh rJh. fJBQK ~

fJe d{;o/ s'I fpbe[b ;[szso ehsk frnk.

ek~B xVD tkbh ;Gk ftu'I ekoiekoBh

;oeko d/ o{g ftu pDdh ;h. go fJ;

ekoiekoBh d/ sfjs e/Ido ns/ okiK d/

nfXekohnK bJh ezw eoB dh gqDkbh

:ehBh pDkJh rJh. T[BQK tb'I gqpzX

eod/ ;w/I ezw ftu e'Jh th d]b BjhI

;h d/ ;edk. fBnKgkbek ekoiekoBh s'I

fpbe[b ;[szso j' e/ ezw eodh ;h.

fBnKgkfbek d/ nXhB fJj f}zw/tkoh nkT[Idh

;h fe T[j fXnkB oy/ fe ekoiekoBh

fe;/ t/b/ th nkgDhnK FeshnK ns/

\o}K s'I nZr/ Bk ikt/ ns/ fJj :ehBh

pDkJ/ fe d/F ftu ofjD tkb/ ;ko/

FfjohnK d/ wB[Zyh nfXeko jo/e dh gj[zu

ftu jB ns/ ekoiekoBh T[BQK ~ edh th

gqGkts BjhI eo ;edh. ;w/I-;w/I ek~B

xVB tkbh ;Gk, ekoiekoBh ns/

fBnKgkfbek d/ ezwK dh ftt;Ek ftu eJh

soQK dhnK spdhbhnK ehshnK rJhnK.

w[Zy T[d/F ;h T[BQK dhnK so[ZNhnK ~ d{o

eo e/, tZX s'I tZX :'rsk Bkb gqpzX ftu

;[Xko fbnKd/ ikD.

fco ekoiekoBh d/ sfjs ezw eoB

tkb/ eowukohnK dh fB:[esh d/ YzrK ~

:ehBh pDkfJnk frnk. e/Ido ;oeko

ns/ oki ;oekoK d/ S'N/ s'I b? e/ T[u/

doi/ se d/ eowukohnK dhnK fB:[eshnK

d/ Yzr fJ; gqeko pDkJ/ rJ/ fe d/F d/

jo ftnesh bJh i/ T[j xZN'-xZN :'rsktK

g{ohnK eodk j't/ sK u'D bJh pokpo d/

w"e/ fds/ ikD. fJ; d/ nXhB e/Ido ftu

ns/ okiK ftu ;oft; ;b?eFB p'ov

pDkJ/ rJ/ fi; ftu fe;/ th ftnesh ~

Xow, p'bh, oki, iks iK y/so nkfd d/

sfjs fe;/ th fB:[esh d/ w"e/ s'I bKG/

BjhI ehsk ik ;edk. fJj fB:[eshnK

eoB dk gqpzX fJzBk gkodoFh pDkT[D dh

e'fFF ehsh rJh fe Bk sK ekoiekoBh

ns/ Bk jh oki iK e/Ido dh ;z;d d/

w?Ipo iK ekoiekoBh d/ w?Ipo fJBQK

eowukohnK dh fB:[esh ~ gqGkts eo

;eD ns/ T[BQK dh fB:[esh dk nkXko

f;o\ T[BQK dh :'rsk jh j't/.

gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK dk fJe tZvk gZy

;h FeshnK ns/ ezwK dk fte/IdoheoB

eoBk, e/Ido dhnK FeshnK ns/ \o},

okiK d/ ezw ns/ fJ; s'I fJbktk, Ffjoh

y/soK dk ;EkBe gqpzX ns/ fgzvK ftu

;EkBe gqpzX iK gzukfJsK dh u'D dh

gqfefonk s? eoBh. w?IpoK dh frDsh,

T[BQK dh fwnkd ns/ T[BQK ~ fwbD tkb/

nfXeko ns/ T[BQK tb'I g{o/ ehs/ ikD

tkb/ \o}K dh ftnkfynk ehsh rJh.

fte/IdoheoB dh fJ; gqfefonk ftu ;w/I-

;w/I spdhbhnK ehshnK iKdhnK ojhnK

fiBQK dk w[Zy T[d/F, fJBQK d/ ezw eoB dh

:'rsk ftu tkXk eoBk ns/ fJ; rZb #s/

fXnkB d/Dk ;h fe jo fJe bJh pokpo

d/ w"e/ j'D.

1951 ftu :'iBk efwFB tb'I J/HvhH

r'otkbk ew/Nh dh fB:[esh ehsh rJh

ns/ T[; s'I d' ;kb pknd 1953 ftu

n?gbph efwFB ;Ekfgs ehsk frnk.

T[; t/b/ fJj rZb t/yh rJh ;h fe

:'iBktK ~ mhe soQK bkr{ eoB ns/ T[BQK

s'I uzr/ f;ZN/ gqkgs eoB bJh fJj }o{oh

;h fe eowukohnK dh fB:[esh ns/ T[BQK

;[;[;[;[;[


tb'I tZy-tZy ftGkrK ftu skbw/b bJh

e[M uzrhnK spdhbhnK ehshnK ikD.

1956 ftu :'iBk nk:'r B/ fco :'iBk

d/ gqki?eNK ;zpzXh ;bkjeko ew/Nh dh

;EkgBk ehsh fe T[j fJj nfXn?B eo/

fe T[j fejVhnK :'r ;z;EktK, Yzr,

fwnko ns/ seBheK j' ;edhnK jB fiBQK

Bkb \}{b youh ~ o'fenk ik ;e/ ns/

gq'i?eNK ~ :'rsk Bkb bkr{ ehsk ik

;e/. Gkt/I fJ; ew/Nh ~ 1970 ftu

ysw eo fdsk frnk go fJ; tb'I

ehshnK rJhnK f;\koFK ftek; ftu s/}h

fbnkT[D ns/ so[ZNhnK d{o eoB bJh

pj[s ;jkfJe ;kfps j'JhnK.

gqFk;fBe ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJhgqFk;fBe ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJhgqFk;fBe ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJhgqFk;fBe ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJhgqFk;fBe ;[Xko fbnkT[D bJh

1966 ftu ;qh w[okoih d/;kJh dh1966 ftu ;qh w[okoih d/;kJh dh1966 ftu ;qh w[okoih d/;kJh dh1966 ftu ;qh w[okoih d/;kJh dh1966 ftu ;qh w[okoih d/;kJh dh

gqXkBrh j/m fJe efwFB ;EkfgsgqXkBrh j/m fJe efwFB ;EkfgsgqXkBrh j/m fJe efwFB ;EkfgsgqXkBrh j/m fJe efwFB ;EkfgsgqXkBrh j/m fJe efwFB ;Ekfgs

ehsk frnk. efwFB B/ tZy-tZyehsk frnk. efwFB B/ tZy-tZyehsk frnk. efwFB B/ tZy-tZyehsk frnk. efwFB B/ tZy-tZyehsk frnk. efwFB B/ tZy-tZy

ftGkrK ftu ;[Xko eoB ns/ftGkrK ftu ;[Xko eoB ns/ftGkrK ftu ;[Xko eoB ns/ftGkrK ftu ;[Xko eoB ns/ftGkrK ftu ;[Xko eoB ns/

:'rsk fbnkT[D bJh ;w/I-;w/I 20:'rsk fbnkT[D bJh ;w/I-;w/I 20:'rsk fbnkT[D bJh ;w/I-;w/I 20:'rsk fbnkT[D bJh ;w/I-;w/I 20:'rsk fbnkT[D bJh ;w/I-;w/I 20

fog'oNK fdshnK fiBQK ftu 500fog'oNK fdshnK fiBQK ftu 500fog'oNK fdshnK fiBQK ftu 500fog'oNK fdshnK fiBQK ftu 500fog'oNK fdshnK fiBQK ftu 500

d/ brGr f;\koFK ehshnK rJhnKd/ brGr f;\koFK ehshnK rJhnKd/ brGr f;\koFK ehshnK rJhnKd/ brGr f;\koFK ehshnK rJhnKd/ brGr f;\koFK ehshnK rJhnK

;B. f;\koFK ftu w[Zy f;\koF;B. f;\koFK ftu w[Zy f;\koF;B. f;\koFK ftu w[Zy f;\koF;B. f;\koFK ftu w[Zy f;\koF;B. f;\koFK ftu w[Zy f;\koF

fJj ;h fe fe;/ eowukoh dhfJj ;h fe fe;/ eowukoh dhfJj ;h fe fe;/ eowukoh dhfJj ;h fe fe;/ eowukoh dhfJj ;h fe fe;/ eowukoh dh

B"eoh d"okB T[; ~ T[u/oh ;fEshB"eoh d"okB T[; ~ T[u/oh ;fEshB"eoh d"okB T[; ~ T[u/oh ;fEshB"eoh d"okB T[; ~ T[u/oh ;fEshB"eoh d"okB T[; ~ T[u/oh ;fEsh

g q kgs eoB bJh w[ekpb/ d/g q kgs eoB bJh w[ekpb/ d/g q kgs eoB bJh w[ekpb/ d/g q kgs eoB bJh w[ekpb/ d/g q kgs eoB bJh w[ekpb/ d/

fJwfsjkB okjhI T[j ;fEsh gqkgsfJwfsjkB okjhI T[j ;fEsh gqkgsfJwfsjkB okjhI T[j ;fEsh gqkgsfJwfsjkB okjhI T[j ;fEsh gqkgsfJwfsjkB okjhI T[j ;fEsh gqkgs

eoB dk w"ek fdsk ikt/. ew/NheoB dk w"ek fdsk ikt/. ew/NheoB dk w"ek fdsk ikt/. ew/NheoB dk w"ek fdsk ikt/. ew/NheoB dk w"ek fdsk ikt/. ew/Nh

tb'I ehshnK rJhnK f;\koFK ftu'Itb'I ehshnK rJhnK f;\koFK ftu'Itb'I ehshnK rJhnK f;\koFK ftu'Itb'I ehshnK rJhnK f;\koFK ftu'Itb'I ehshnK rJhnK f;\koFK ftu'I

e[M ~ wzB fbnk frnk ns/ e[Me[M ~ wzB fbnk frnk ns/ e[Me[M ~ wzB fbnk frnk ns/ e[Me[M ~ wzB fbnk frnk ns/ e[Me[M ~ wzB fbnk frnk ns/ e[M

~ oZd th eo fdsk frnk ;h.~ oZd th eo fdsk frnk ;h.~ oZd th eo fdsk frnk ;h.~ oZd th eo fdsk frnk ;h.~ oZd th eo fdsk frnk ;h.

fJ; bJh fe T[BQK ~ bkr{ eoB iK

oZd eoB dk nfXeko ;zpzfXs wzsokfbnK

iK ftGkrK e'b j[zdk j?. eJh f;\koFK ~

sK s[os wzB fbnk j? go eJh f;\koFK

~ bkr{ eoB bJh pj[s f}nkdk ;wK

bZr iKdk j?.

gqFk;fBe ;[XkoK ~ bkr{ eokT[D

bJh j'o th eJh gqfefonktK ftu'I bzxDk

g?Idk j?. fit/I, gfjb/ gqpzXeh ;[XkoK d/

efwFB tb'I @b'egkb# dh fB:[esh dh

f;\koF ehsh rJh ;h. fco b'egkb fpb

;z;d ftu eJh tko fbnKdk frnk go

eJh w[FfebK eoe/ T[j gk; Bk j[zdk

fojk ns/ ek~B Bk pD ;fenk. b'egkb

dh ;z;Ek Bkb wzsokfbnK ns/ ;z;d d/

w?IpoK d/ ezwK dh fBrokBh ehsh ikDh ;h

ns/ fJ; ;z;Ek B/ ;[szso s"o s/ ;oekoh

eowukohnK tb'I ehs/ rJ/ fGqFNkuko d/

wkwfbnK Bkb fBgNDk ;h. ;z;Ek tb'I

jh ;oekoh eowukohnK d/ f]bk\ no}hnK

gqkgs eoBhnK ;B ns/ T[BQK d/ fBgNko/

bJh SkDphD eokT[Dh ;h. fJ; gqFk;fBe

efwFB dhnK f;\koFK s'I pknd eJh

okiK B/ @b'e nk:[es# dh fB:[esh eo

fdsh i' ;oekoh eowukohnK fiBQK ftu

okiBhse nj[fdnK #s/ bZr/ ftnesh th

nkT[Id/ jB, d/ pko/ SkDphD ns/ T[BQK d/

ezw pko/ nkJhnK fFekfJsK ;[Dd/ ;B.

fJBQK ftu okiK dhnK ftXkB ;GktK d/

w?Ipo ns/ T[u nj[d/ #s/ bZr/ eowukoh

th nkT[Id/ jB. b'e nk:[es tb'I @@gqFk;B

dh B?fsesk## pko/ ftnkfynk g{oB f;\koFK

th ehshnK iKdhnK jB.

b'e gqFk;B ftu ;[Xko fbnkT[D

bJh d{;ok gqpzXeh ;[Xko efwFB 2005

ftu ;Ekgs ehsk frnk ns/ fJ; d/ f}zw/

T[j Yzr fsnko eoB bJh fejk frnk

fi; sfjs ;oeko d/ jo gZXo #s/ fJe

f}zw/tko, itkpd/jh, brksko ubD tkbk

ns/ :'r gqpzX fwb ;e/. fJ; ;G dk

T[d/F fJj ;h fe d/F d/ Ffjoh dhnK

;j{bsK bJh T[j ;G e[M gqdkB ehsk

ikt/ fi; Bkb d/F d/ jo Ffjoh ~

;oekoh ;/tktK gqkgs eoB ftu n;kBh

ns/ xZN'-xZN bkrs you eoBh gt/ ns/

T[j gqpzX d/F d/ fjZs ftu j'D. efwFB

~ j/m fby/ w[ZfdnK dk fBohyD eoB

bJh fejk frnk, itkpd/jh tkbk ns/

xZN'-xZN d/oh Bkb S/sh s'I S/sh f;ZN/

d/D tkbk gqFk;B, brksko ftek; eoB

tkbk gqFk;B i' gqfefonk ~ nk;kB pDkJ/

nkfd w[ZfdnK #s/ ]k; fXnkB d/D bJh

fejk frnk.

fGqFNkuko o'eD bJh pDkJh rJh

ew/Nh fi; ~ ;EkBe ew/Nh fejk iKdk

;h, dhnK f;\koFK #s/ Gkos ;oeko B/

1964 ftu e/Idoh ftihb?I; efwFB ;Ekgs

ehsk. fJ; ;z;EK ~ th ;[szso ;fEsh

gqdkB ehsh rJh. e/Idoh ftihb?I; efwFB

e/Idoh ;oeko ~ gqFk;B ftu :'rsk

fbnkT[D ns/ gqFk;B dh G{fwek ~ b'eK

d/ fjZsK bJh pDkT[D bJh ;bkj fdzdk

j?. fJj e/Idoh fpT{o' nk\ fJBt?;Nh-

r/FB #s/ th fBrokBh eodk j? i' fe

fGqFNkuko ~ o'eD bJh e/Ido ;oeko dh

w[Zy J/iz;h j?. fJ; J/iz;h e'b fGqFNkuko

;zpzXh no}hnK fdshnK iKdhnK jB ns/

T[BQK dk fBohyD ehsk iKdk j?.

1977 ftu okFNoh ;{uBk e/Ido dh

;EkgBk ehsh rJh. Gkos ftu Jh-

rtoB?I; ;zpzXh fJj gfjbk edw ;h.

fJ; s'I pknd ;oekoh d\soK dk

ezfgT{NoheoB ehsk frnk. 1980 se

d/F d/ pj[s ;ko/ d\soK ftu ezfgT{No

brk fds/ rJ/ ;B. fJ; Bkb ezw ftu

pj[s s/}h fbnKdh rJh. fJ; ftt;Ek

d/ sfjs no}hnK gqkgs eoBhnK F[o{

ehshnK rJhnK ns/ T[BQK d/ T[so th

ezfgT{N okjhI d/D dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh.

fiE/ fJ; Bkb pj[s ;ko/ nwb/ dk ezw

th ezfgT{No Bkb j'D bZr fgnk. fJ;

dk ;G s'I tZvk bkG fJj j'fJnk fe jo

soQK dh ikDekoh b?D ns/ b'VhIdh gqfefonk

fi; bJh wjhB/ bZr iKd/ ;B, T[j e[M

e[ fwzNK dh rZb ofj rJh. fco fJ;

ftt;Ek Bkb e/Ido d/ okiK d/ tZy-tZy

ftGkrK Bkb ;zpzX th ;Ekgs j' rJ/ ns/

ezw ns/ gqpzX dh :'rsk ftu pj[s tZvk

tkXk j'fJnk.

nkofEe ;[XkoK ;zpzXh Mk efwFB

;Ekgs ehsk frnk ns/ fJ; B/ fB:w

pDkT[D ns/ fe;/ fefonk ~ g{ok eoB d/

Yzr s'I fJbktk, eowukohnK dh itkpd/jh


#s/ }'o fdsk. fJ; Bkb fe;/ eowukoh

tb'I ehs/ rJ/ ezw dh wksok ns/ T[;

ftu gkodofFsk #s/ }'o fdsk. fJ;

efwFB tb'I ;oeko d/ nXhB eoB tkb/

tkb/ T[dwK ftu fbnKd/ ikD tkb/ ;[XkoK

#s/ }'o fdsk frnk ;h sK fe ;oekoh

ezweki ftu f}nkdk :'rsk fbnKdh ik

;e/. fJ; s'I pknd ;[XkoK dh o[uh ~

ftneshrs gqkgshnK tZb w'fVnk frnk.

rqfj wzsokbk nXhB f;tb eowukohnK

dh Gosh, f;ybkJh, soZeh, eowukohnK

ns/ wzsokbk d/ ;zpzX, B"eoh dhnK FosK

pko/ BhshnK pDkJhnK rJhnK fiBQK dk

w[Zy T[d/F tZX s'I tZX gqpzXeh :'rsk g?dk

eoBh ns/ fJBQK gqpzXK okjhI ftneshnK ~

fwbD tkbhnK ;/tktK ~ xZN s'I xZN

;w/I ns/ you #s/ fwbD ;zpzXh BhshnK

pDkJhnK rJhnK.

gzzit/I ns/ S/t/I sB]kj efwFB B/gzzit/I ns/ S/t/I sB]kj efwFB B/gzzit/I ns/ S/t/I sB]kj efwFB B/gzzit/I ns/ S/t/I sB]kj efwFB B/gzzit/I ns/ S/t/I sB]kj efwFB B/

fco eJh ;[XkoK pko/ f;\koFKfco eJh ;[XkoK pko/ f;\koFKfco eJh ;[XkoK pko/ f;\koFKfco eJh ;[XkoK pko/ f;\koFKfco eJh ;[XkoK pko/ f;\koFK

e hs hnK ns / eowuko hnK dhehs hnK ns / eowuko hnK dhehs hnK ns / eowuko hnK dhehs hnK ns / eowuko hnK dhehs hnK ns / eowuko hnK dh

JhwkBdkoh B/ w[Zy fXnkB e/IdfosJhwkBdkoh B/ w[Zy fXnkB e/IdfosJhwkBdkoh B/ w[Zy fXnkB e/IdfosJhwkBdkoh B/ w[Zy fXnkB e/IdfosJhwkBdkoh B/ w[Zy fXnkB e/Idfos

ehsk ns/ T[; d/ nkXko #s/ sB]kjKehsk ns/ T[; d/ nkXko #s/ sB]kjKehsk ns/ T[; d/ nkXko #s/ sB]kjKehsk ns/ T[; d/ nkXko #s/ sB]kjKehsk ns/ T[; d/ nkXko #s/ sB]kjK

d/ tkX/ pko/ ftt;Ek ehsh. BthId/ tkX/ pko/ ftt;Ek ehsh. BthId/ tkX/ pko/ ftt;Ek ehsh. BthId/ tkX/ pko/ ftt;Ek ehsh. BthId/ tkX/ pko/ ftt;Ek ehsh. BthI

T[d:'fre Bhsh d/ bkr{ j'D BkbT[d:'fre Bhsh d/ bkr{ j'D BkbT[d:'fre Bhsh d/ bkr{ j'D BkbT[d:'fre Bhsh d/ bkr{ j'D BkbT[d:'fre Bhsh d/ bkr{ j'D Bkb

ns/ fBZiheoB, T[dkoheoB ns/ns/ fBZiheoB, T[dkoheoB ns/ns/ fBZiheoB, T[dkoheoB ns/ns/ fBZiheoB, T[dkoheoB ns/ns/ fBZiheoB, T[dkoheoB ns/

ftFtheoB d/ tXd/ j'J/ o[MkB d/ftFtheoB d/ tXd/ j'J/ o[MkB d/ftFtheoB d/ tXd/ j'J/ o[MkB d/ftFtheoB d/ tXd/ j'J/ o[MkB d/ftFtheoB d/ tXd/ j'J/ o[MkB d/

sfjs iBsk ns/ fBZih GkJhtkbh,sfjs iBsk ns/ fBZih GkJhtkbh,sfjs iBsk ns/ fBZih GkJhtkbh,sfjs iBsk ns/ fBZih GkJhtkbh,sfjs iBsk ns/ fBZih GkJhtkbh,

Jh-rtoB?I;, |?o fBt/F ~ iBseJh-rtoB?I;, |?o fBt/F ~ iBseJh-rtoB?I;, |?o fBt/F ~ iBseJh-rtoB?I;, |?o fBt/F ~ iBseJh-rtoB?I;, |?o fBt/F ~ iBse

y/so dhnK fJekJhnK ftu tXkT[Dy/so dhnK fJekJhnK ftu tXkT[Dy/so dhnK fJekJhnK ftu tXkT[Dy/so dhnK fJekJhnK ftu tXkT[Dy/so dhnK fJekJhnK ftu tXkT[D

bJh BhshnK pDkJhnK rJhnK fi;bJh BhshnK pDkJhnK rJhnK fi;bJh BhshnK pDkJhnK rJhnK fi;bJh BhshnK pDkJhnK rJhnK fi;bJh BhshnK pDkJhnK rJhnK fi;

d/ sfjs ;{uBk ~ S/sh s'I S/sh jod/ sfjs ;{uBk ~ S/sh s'I S/sh jod/ sfjs ;{uBk ~ S/sh s'I S/sh jod/ sfjs ;{uBk ~ S/sh s'I S/sh jod/ sfjs ;{uBk ~ S/sh s'I S/sh jo

se gj[zukT[D ns/ E'VQ/ ;w/I ftuse gj[zukT[D ns/ E'VQ/ ;w/I ftuse gj[zukT[D ns/ E'VQ/ ;w/I ftuse gj[zukT[D ns/ E'VQ/ ;w/I ftuse gj[zukT[D ns/ E'VQ/ ;w/I ftu

tZX s'I tZX gqkgshnK b?D ;zpzXhtZX s'I tZX gqkgshnK b?D ;zpzXhtZX s'I tZX gqkgshnK b?D ;zpzXhtZX s'I tZX gqkgshnK b?D ;zpzXhtZX s'I tZX gqkgshnK b?D ;zpzXh

;[XkoK dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh.;[XkoK dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh.;[XkoK dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh.;[XkoK dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh.;[XkoK dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh.

;[szso Gkos d/ fJfsjk; ftu ;{uBk

gqkgs eoB dk nfXeko fJe T[j nfXeko

j? fi; B/ jo gZXo #s/ ;oekoh eowukohnK

~ nkgD/ ezw eoB d/ Yzr ftu ;[Xko

eoB bJh gq/fonk. 2006 ftu pD/ fJ;

ek~B d/ sfjs e'Jh th ftnesh, fe;/ th

ftGkr d/ eowukoh ;zpzXh f;o\ Bkwkso

\h; Go e/ jo soQK dh ikDekoh gqkgs

eo ;edk j? ns/ wzrh rJh ikDekoh,

fJe ;hws ;w/I d/ nzdo T[; ftGkr ~

T[; ftnesh ~ G/iDh gt/rh BjhI sK

T[; eowukoh ~ i' T[; ikDekoh d/D

bJh gkpzd ;h, T[; ~ ek~Bh ekotkJh

dk ;kjwDk eoBk gt/rk. fJ; nfXeo

dk w[Zy T[d/F ;oekoh eowukohnK d/ ezw

ftu gkodofFsk g?dk eoBh sK fe ;wki

d/ efbnkD ftu tkXk j' ;e/. fJ;

;{uBk gqkgsh d/ nfXeko Bkb jo Ffjoh

ftu fJj GktBk g?dk j[zdh j? fe T[j

d/F d/ b'eszso ftu pokpo dk GkJhtkb

j? ns/ T[; ~ nkgD/ Bkb iK fe;/ ]k;

ftnesh Bkb j'Jh p/fJB;k\h pko/ ikDekoh

se jh BjhI, ;r'I gqpzX ftu ;[Xko

fbnkT[D dh Fesh fwbdh j?.

gqFk;B dh n:'rsk d/ f]bk\ fJe

w[Zy fFekfJs fJj ehsh iKdh j? fe

n\;oFkjh, ;oeko tb'I ubkJhnK rJhnK

b'e efbnkD dhnK ;ehwK ftu o[ektNK

g?dk eodh j? fi; Bkb T[j ;ehwK mhe

;w/I #s/ bkr{ BjhI j[zdhnK ns/ d{;ok T[BQK

~ bkr{ eoB ftu n:'rsk tosh iKdh

j?. fJzi gqFk;B fJ; soQK dk j'Dk

ukjhdk j? fe okiBhse, ;wkfie ns/

nkofEe gZy #s/ ftnesh ~ xZN'-xZN

;w/I ftu ;oeko tb'I fdshnK ik ojhnK

;/tktK gqkgs j' ikD. ;oeko tb'I ubkJ/

ik oj/ gqki?eNK d/ f;ZN/ sK jh mhe gqkgs

j' ;ed/ jB i/ T[BQK ~ p|?o fe;/

o[ektN d/ S/sh s'I S/sh bkr{ ehsk ik

;edk j't/. fJj rZb nkw d/yh rJh j?

fe gqki?eNK ~ bkr{ eoB bJh fJe iK

;wkB w[Zd/ bJh eJh soQK d/ ek~B j[zd/

jB i' T[; ~ ;gZFN BjhI eod/ ns/

tZy-tZy ftGkrK ftu skbw/b ns/ fwbtosB

dh xkN j[zdh j?.

Gkos dh pj[-t;'I fgzvK ftu ofjzdh

j?. T[; dh ;j{bs bJh gzukfJsh oki

;z;EktK dh ftt;Ek ehsh rJh ;h sK fe

e[M jZd se MrV/ ns/ fttkdK ~ fgzvK

dh gzukfJs ftu jh jZb ehsk ik ;e/

ns/ T[BQK b'eK dk nkgD/ fttkd ;[bMkT[D

bJh d{o-d{o FfjoK ftu ik e/ ;wK ns/

XB popkd Bk j't/. fJ; d/ Bkb jh jo

fgzv dhnK b'VK dh ftbZyD ;fEsh j'D

eoe/, T[BQK d/ ftek; bJh gzukfJsh oki

gqDkbh ~ 1962 ftu fszB gZXoh ehsk

frnk ns/ fco 1993 ftu fJ; dh u'D

ftu e[M j'o ;[Xko ehs/ rJ/ ns/ pj[s/

ezwK ~ gzukfJsK, gzukfJs ;zwshnK ns/

f}bQk gfoFdK d/ f}zw/ eo fdsk frnk.

fJ; dk fJe jh T[d/F ;h fe jo

ftnesh nkgD/ nkg ~ b'eoki ftu

GkJhtkb ;wM/ ns/ b'eszso dh gqfefonk

~ ;wMdk j't/. i/ fe;/ tes n\;oFkjh

tb'I e'Jh e[skjh ehsh iKdh j't/ sK T[;

#s/ fBrokBh th eo ;e/.

nkX[fBe efbnkDekoh ;oekoK dhnK

gqkgshnK dk nkXko T[BQK tb'I wB[Zyh

;kXBK d/ ftek; ~ wzfBnk iKdk j?.

gqpzX dk noE jh b'eK bJh ehsh ftt;Ek

dh gqDkbh j?. fJ; gqDkbh Bkb ;oekoh

;/tktK dk w[Zy T[d/F ftnesh jh j? fi;

ftu ftnesh dh ftZfdnk, nkofEe ;fEsh,

okiBhse ;[szsosk, nkofEe w"e/ ns/

ftneshrs ftek; d/ w"e/ nkfd nkT[D/

jB. b'eszso ftu jo fJe bJh pokpo

w"e/, fiBQK ftu wB[Zyh nfXekoK dk fwbDk

ns/ tZX s'I tZX ;wkfie ;[oZfynk d/D

bJh gqpzX eoBk j[zdk j?. fJBQK nfXekoK

~ wkBt ns/ jo fJe bJh ftek; d/

tZX s'I tZX w"e/ g?dk eoB bJh id'I edh

th ;wki tb'I fJj wfj;{; ehsk ikt/, fe

fJBQK ;/tktK ftu spdhbhnK Bkb ;oekoh

;/tktK j'o uzr/ Yzr Bkb fwb ;edhnK

j'D, T[d'I gqpzXeh ;[XkoK dh ftt;Ek ehsh

iKdh j?.

(b/ye ;[szso gZsoeko j?.)


p?Ifezr ;[Xkop?Ifezr ;[Xkop?Ifezr ;[Xkop?Ifezr ;[Xkop?Ifezr ;[Xko

p?Ifer ;[Xko s/ ftZsh ;wkt/Fp?Ifer ;[Xko s/ ftZsh ;wkt/Fp?Ifer ;[Xko s/ ftZsh ;wkt/Fp?Ifer ;[Xko s/ ftZsh ;wkt/Fp?Ifer ;[Xko s/ ftZsh ;wkt/F

i;tzs f;zx ;?Dhi;tzs f;zx ;?Dhi;tzs f;zx ;?Dhi;tzs f;zx ;?Dhi;tzs f;zx ;?Dh

;/ th d/F dh nkofEe ftt;Ek

ftu T[E/ dh p?Ifezr gqDkbh

fezBh w}p{s j?, dh pj[s wjZst-

g{oB G{fwek j[zdh j?. p?Ifezr g;ko s/

;wkt/Fsk fJ; gqDkbh dh w}p{sh dk

nkXko jB. fgSbh nZXh ;dh ftu Gkosh

noEftt;Ek ftu ;wkt/Fsk tXkT[D ns/

p?Ifezr ekoB gqDkbh ~ s/} s/ gqGktFhb

eoB tZb ek\h fXnkB fdsk frnk j?.

2011 dh nzsookFNoh w[dok \zv dh

fJe ;ot/ fog'oN nB[;ko Gkos ns/ uhB

ftu p?Ifezr d/ e[M s[bBkswe nzeV/ j/m

fdsh skfbek-1 ftu do;kJ/ rJ/ jB.

fJ; s'I nB[wkB brkfJnk ik

;edk j? fe ;w[Zuh iB;zfynk bJh p?Ifezr

;wkt/F s'I Gkos ni/ pj[s fgZS/ j? ns/

p?Ifezr ;j{bsK xo-xo gj[zukT[D bJh

(fit/I fe e/Idoh ;oeko ns/ Gkosh fo}ot

p?Ie dkntk eodk j?) Gkosh p?Ifezr

gqDkbh B/ ni/ pj[s ;\o sfj eoBk j?.

fJ; d/ bJh ;oeko, Gkosh fo}ot p?Ie

ns/ tgkoe p?Ie, fszBK dh G{fwek wjZstg{oB

j?. nfijk BjhI fe ;zpzfXs fXoK fJ;

Gkos uhB

gqfs 1000 feHwhH p?Ie FkyktK dh frDsh 30 1428

y/soh g;ko ftu J/HNhHn?wH dh frDsh 25 2975

gqfs fJe bZy p?Ie FkyktK dh frDsh 11 24

iB;zfynk bJh J/HNhHn?wH 9 50

p?Ie iwQK okFhnK e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd 68H43 gqfsFs 433H96 gqfsFs

p?Ie eo}/ e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd 51H75 gqfsFs 287H89 gqfsFs

b'V gqfs ;[u/s BjhI jB. T[dkjoD bJh,

1969 ftu p?IeK dk okFNoheoB fJ;

gk;/ fbnk frnk gfjbk ns/ eqKshekoh

edw ;h. fJ; s'I pknd 1990 ftu

fBZih tgkoe p?IeK ~ bkfJ;z; d/D dk

fBoDk fJ; gqkgsh tZb d{;ok wjZstg{oB

T[gokbk ;h. fJBQK BhshnK ;dek nkw

nkdwh se p?Ifezr gj[zukT[D ftu :ehBB

f}eo :'r soZeh j'Jh j?. skfbek-2 ftu

fds/ rJ/ nzeV/ fJ; soZeh dh rtkjh

God/ jB.

fiE/ 1969 ftu g/Iv{ y/soK ftu p?Ie

poKuK dk e[M ;zfynk ftu nB[gks e/tb

22H18 gqfsFs ;h, 1995 ftu fJj tX

e/ 52H91 gqfsFs j' frnk. fJ; d/

T[bN Ffjoh ns/ wjKBroh y/soK ftu

fJj nB[gks 37H60 gqfsFs s'I xN e/

26H58 gqfsFs ofj frnk. ;gZFN j? fe

fJ; d"okB g/Iv{ y/soK ftu poKuK y'bQD

#s/ f}nkdk }'o fdsk frnk sK fe g/Iv{

iBsk dh g{oB Fw{bhns ftZsh wkwfbnK

ftu j' ;e/. go fit/I nkozG ftu fds/

rJ/ nzefVnK s'I ;gZFN j? T[go'es :sB

ek\h BjhI ;B. fit/I fJzBh ;wZf;nk jh

ek\h BjhI ;h, 1995 s'I 2012 se p?Ifezr

B?Ntoe dk g;ko ;wM s'I go/ j?. fJ;

d"okB BthnK y[ZbQhnK 40010 poKuK ftu'

f;o\ 3599 (10 gqfsFs s'I th xZN)

g/Iv{ fJbkfenK ftu y'bQhnK rJhnK ns/

23708 (50 gqfsFs s'I th tZX) Ffjoh

ns/ wjKBroh fJbkfenK ftu. fJzM brdk

j? fe e/Idoh p?Ie gqDkbh B/ nkgDh Bhsh

g{oh soQK f;o Gko eo fdsh j't/. Ffjoh

y/soK ftu gfjbK jh p?Ie FkyktK dh

nfXesk j?. fJ; Bhsh ekoB g/Iv{ poKuK

dk nB[gks xN e/ 35H65 gqfsFs ofj

frnk ns/ Ffjoh poKuK dk tX e/

38H80 gqfsFs j' frnk.

21thI ;dh d/ nkozG ftu fo}ot

p?Ie B/ p?Ifezr FkyktK dk B?Ntoe tXkT[D

bJh j'o T[gokb/ F[o{ ehs/ fiBQK ftu fJe

tkoh fco fBZih$;fjekoh ndkfonK ~

Bt/I p?Ie y'bQD bJh bkfJ;z; d/Dk Fkfwb

;h. bkfJ;z; d/D bJh fB:wK ftu th

e[M spdhbh ehsh rJh fi; nB[;ko L

1) ;Ekgsh d/ fszB ;kbK d/ nzdo

Bt/I p?IeK bJh fe;/ ;Nke n?e;u/Ii s/

fb;fNzr bk}wh eo fdsh rJh. fi; dk

1969 1980 1995 2012

e[Zb p?Ie FkyktK 8262 32419 62367 102377

g/Iv{ y/so ftu 1833 15105 33004 36503

noX Ffjoh 3342 8122 13341 26144

Ffjoh 1584 5178 8868 20650

wjKBroh 1503 4041 7154 19080

skfbek-1skfbek-1skfbek-1skfbek-1skfbek-1

sk fbek-2sk fbek-2sk fbek-2sk fbek-2sk fbek-2

fefefefefe


wsbp ;h fe fJBQK p?IeK ~ F[o{ s'I jh

eo}k g;ko ns/ nekT{IfNzr d/ eoV/

wkgdzv ngDkT[D/ g?D/ ;B.

2) gfjb/ d; ;kbK d/ nzdo-nzdo

gq'w'NoK dh fjZ;/dkoh ~ xNk e/ 40

gqfsFs ns/ gzdoK ;kbK nzdo 15 gqfsFs

se fbnkT[Dk bk}wh eo fdsk frnk

fi; dk noE ;h bkGKF ftu gq'w'NoK d/

fjZ;/ ftu ewh.

fo}ot p?Ie dk wzBDk j? fe ni'eh

ezfgT{Nohfeqs ns/ ;{uBk seBhe dhnK

gqDkbhnK ngDk e/ xZN ehwsK #s/ g/Iv{

Fw{bhns w[wfeB j?. tZv/ xokfDnK B/

Bt/I p?Ie y'bQD bJh e'Jh ]k; fdbu;gh

BjhI fdykJh. wfjzdok n?Iv wfjzdok ns/

NkNk tor/ tZv/ tgkoe ekog'o/NK B/

Bt/I p?Ie y'bQD bJh nkgDhnK no}hnK

tkg; b? bJhnK jB. fJ; ;w/I fo}ot

p?Ie e'b e/tb 25 no}hnK gJhnK jB

fiBQK ftu'I e/tb fszB ekog'o/N xokfDnK

tb'I jB - nkfds: fpobk, piki ns/

fobkfJz; jo fe;/ ~ p?Ie y'bQD dh

fJik}s BjhI fdsh ik ;edh. fJ; bJh

gq'w'NoK dh Go';/:'rsk, JhwkBdkoh ns/

w[jkos dh goy wjZstg{oB j?. ;gZFN

j? fe Fw{bhns dk b'VhIdk gZXo gqkgs

eoB bJh ;oeko$fo}ot p?Ie ~ iBse

y/so p?IeK #s/ jh fBoGo eoBk gt/rk.

fJ;/ Nhu/ ~ w[Zy oyd/ j'J/ nr;s

2013 ftu fo}ot p?Ie B/ @Gkos ftu

p?Ifezr YKuk - nr/ok okj# ftF/ #s/ fJe

ftuko-tNKdok d;skt/} ikoh ehsk j?.

j'o w[ZfdnK s'I fJbktk, fJ; d;skt/}

ftu j/m fby/ w[Zd/ ftukoB dk gqpzX j? L

• S'N/ p?Ie pBkw tZv/ p?Ie LS'N/ p?Ie pBkw tZv/ p?Ie LS'N/ p?Ie pBkw tZv/ p?Ie LS'N/ p?Ie pBkw tZv/ p?Ie LS'N/ p?Ie pBkw tZv/ p?Ie L p?Ie-

ofjs ns/ xZN p?Iev y/soK ftu S'N/

T[dwhnK ns/ fe;kBK ~ y/sh eof}nK

bJh S'N/ p?Ie fBFu/ jh wjZstg{oB G{fwek

fBGk ;ed/ jB. ftuko-tNKdok g/go

ftu fo}ot p?Ie B/ fJBQK p?IeK ~ w}p{sh

gqdkB eoB bJh ;[Mkn th wzr/ jB.

••••• ;ot-ftnkge ;ot-ftnkge ;ot-ftnkge ;ot-ftnkge ;ot-ftnkge (:{Bhto;b) p?Ifezr

dh F[o{nks - fit/I fBt/F p?Ifezr, ftso/eh

p?Ifezr (fvco?INo/Nv), w[Yb/ YKu/ bJh

p?Ifezr nkfd.

••••• fBozso nfXeqsheoB L fBozso nfXeqsheoB L fBozso nfXeqsheoB L fBozso nfXeqsheoB L fBozso nfXeqsheoB L w"i{dk

Bhsh nXhB Bt/I p?IeK bJh fJik}s jo

;w/I BjhI fdsh iKdh - e[M ;kbK pknd

(15$20$25) jh fJj wFe ehsh iKdh

j?. fo}ot p?Ie fJ; Bhsh ~ pdbD

pko/ ;'u fojk j?.

••••• w}p{sheoB L w}p{sheoB L w}p{sheoB L w}p{sheoB L w}p{sheoB L w"i{dk p?IeK bJh.

••••• ftd/Fh p?IeK bJh dk]bk L ftd/Fh p?IeK bJh dk]bk L ftd/Fh p?IeK bJh dk]bk L ftd/Fh p?IeK bJh dk]bk L ftd/Fh p?IeK bJh dk]bk L

fJ; pko/ th Bhsh pdbD dh :'iBk j?.

;jkfJe ezgBhnK ;w/s.

••••• ;oekoh wkbeh L ;oekoh wkbeh L ;oekoh wkbeh L ;oekoh wkbeh L ;oekoh wkbeh L gqGktFhbsk,

g{zih g;ko$nkXko ns/ ftZsh fNekn ftu

;zs[bB oZyD bJh eJh edw u[ZeD/ }o{oh

jB i' p?IeK ~ y[dw[yfsnkoh fds/ fpBK

BjhI nk ;ed/. fJ; bJh ;oekoh wkbeh

d/ Bt/I wkBdzv s? eoBk }o{oh j? fi;

Bkb ;oekoh d]b xN ;e/. fJ; bJh

fpBK t'fNzr g{zih dk ;zebg ftukfonk ik

fojk j?.

• Ffjoh ;fjekoh p?IeK ~ tgkoep?IeK ftu pdbDk.

• p?Ifezr YKu/ ftu g[Bo;/X.fJ; d;skt/} ftu ftuko-tNKdo/

bJh ;[MkJ/ rJ/ w[ZfdnK d/ w[Zy B[es/

- BthnK FkyK y'bQDk

- p?Ifezr gqDkbh ftu s/}h s/ w}p{sh

fbnkT[Dk

- p?IeK dh nzdo{Bh w}p{sh tXkT[Dk

ns/ gq;goe w[ekpbk tXkT[D T[s/ j?.

BthI Bhsh ftu ;G s'I tZX wjZstg{oB

gfjb{ j? tZv/-tZv/ p?IeK Bkb S'N/ p?IeK dh

j'Id ~ ikoh oZyDk ns/ T[BQK ~ w}p{s

eoBk fJ; d;skt/} ftu uko gzesh

p?Ifezr YKu/ dh rZb ehsh rJh j?. fJj

uko gzeshnK jB L

••••• tZv/ Gkosh p?Ie L tZv/ Gkosh p?Ie L tZv/ Gkosh p?Ie L tZv/ Gkosh p?Ie L tZv/ Gkosh p?Ie L fszB iK uko

tZv/ Gkosh p?Ie fit/I Gkosh ;N/N p?Ie, i'

nzsookFNoh gZXo T[s/ ezw eoB d/ :'r

j'D - w[jkos nB[;ko th s/ w}p{sh

nB[;ko th.

••••• wZX nkekoh p?Ie L wZX nkekoh p?Ie L wZX nkekoh p?Ie L wZX nkekoh p?Ie L wZX nkekoh p?Ie L fJBQK ftu

@nkbQk p?Ie# Gkt ftF/F ekoiK bJh tZy-

tZy p?Ie j'Dr/ fit/I, T[gG'rsk eo}/ bJh,

wekB T[;koh eo}/ bJh, w[Ybk YKuk

czfvzr bJh.

••••• fB Zih y /so d/ p ? Ie ns/ fB Zih y /so d/ p ? Ie ns/ fB Zih y /so d/ p ? Ie ns/ fB Zih y /so d/ p ? Ie ns/ fB Zih y /so d/ p ? Ie ns/

y/soh rqkwhD p?Ie Ly/soh rqkwhD p?Ie Ly/soh rqkwhD p?Ie Ly/soh rqkwhD p?Ie Ly/soh rqkwhD p?Ie L fJj p?Ifezr ;/tktK

d/ ftnkgeheoB ns/ c?bkn ftu wdd

eoBr/.

••••• S'N/ fBZih wkbeh p?Ie L S'N/ fBZih wkbeh p?Ie L S'N/ fBZih wkbeh p?Ie L S'N/ fBZih wkbeh p?Ie L S'N/ fBZih wkbeh p?Ie L pj[s

E'VQ/ ftZs bJh.

1995-2012 se dk p?Ie FkyktK dk

g;ko ;gZFN o{g ftu dZ;dk j? fe

ezfgT{NoheoB dh ueku¯X ftu fo}ot

p?Ie ns/ tgkoe p?Ie 1995 se ngDkJh

rJh Bhsh ~ fpbe[b G[Zb rJ/ jB. fJ;

dk Bshik fJj j'fJnk fe g/Iv{ y/soK dk

ftZsh ;wkt/F ek\h gSV frnk j?. fJ;

bJh fJ; Bhsh ~ w[V ;'XD dh b'V j?.

nr;s 2013 d/ ftuko-tNKdo/ d;skt/}

d/ ikoh j'D s'I brdk j? fe fo}ot

p?Ie B/ nkgDh Bhsh g[Bo fBoXkos eo

bJh j?. shi/ ns/ u"E/ Nhno d/ p?Ie

:ehBB fJ; w;b/ ~ fXnkB ftu oyDr/

ns/ g/Iv{ Fw{bhns ~ b'VhId/ gZXo #s/

fbnkT[Dr/.

p?Ifezr ftu ftnkge iB-;wkt/F d/

fpBK 21thI ;dh ftu ;zs[fbs nkofEe

ftek; dh nk; BjhI ehsh ik ;edh.

][Fh ns/ ;zs'y dk ftFk fJj j? fe

fo}ot p?Ie fJ; ;wZf;nk gqfs ikro{e

j?.

(b/ye ;kpek p?Ieo, No/Bo, bkJh\ ;feb

e'u j?.)




fBnK :ehBh pDkT[Idk fBnK gqFk;BfBnK :ehBh pDkT[Idk fBnK gqFk;BfBnK :ehBh pDkT[Idk fBnK gqFk;BfBnK :ehBh pDkT[Idk fBnK gqFk;BfBnK :ehBh pDkT[Idk fBnK gqFk;B

vh fBnK gqDkbh nB[;ko Gkos

d/ b'eK ~ nfijh ndkbsh

ftt;Ek d/Dh j? i' fBogZy fBnK fdzdh

j't/, fttkdK dk tXhnk Yzr Bkb fBgNkok

eodh j't/ ns/ :ehBh pDkT[Idh j't/ fe

ek~B dk Fk;B ;kfonK d/ nfXekoK dh

oZfynk eo/rk. go w[eZdfwnK d/ tXd/

p'M ns/ ifNb ndkbsh gqfefonktK s'I

ndkbsK ftu tZvh frDsh ftu wkwb/

bwe/ gJ/ jB. tZvh frDsh ftu wkwfbnK

d/ bwe/ j'D d/ eJh ekoB jB. fiBQK

ftu'I iZiK dh xkN, p[fBnkdh YKu/ dh

ewh, ndkbsK ftu w[eZdfwnK dk tko-

tko nZr/ g?Dk Fkfwb j?. ;oeko tb'I

eJh edw u[Ze/ rJ/ jB fiBQK ftu

ndkbsK #u fpjso p[fBnkdh YKuk gqdkB

eoBk, ndkbsK ftu ;{uBk ;zuko seBkb'ih

fJ;s/wkb s/ j/mbhnK ndkbsK ftu iZiK

dh frDsh ftu tkXk eoBk, wkwfbnK d/

S/sh fBgNko/ bJh ndkbsh gqfefonk ftu

fJe BtK o{g d/Dk Fkfwb j?.

nk; j? fe wkou 2014 se brGr

300 ndkbs GtBK dk fBowkD j'

ikt/rk. fJ; bJh e/Ido ;oeko tb'I oki

;oekoK ~ p[fBnkdh YKu/ d/ ftek; bJh

eJh :'iBktK okjhI okFh w[jZJhnk eotk

ojh j?. Jh-e'oN gqki?eN wkou, 2014

sfjs 14 j}ko 249 f}bQk ns/ j/mbhnK

ndkbsK d/ ezfgT{NoheoB dk Nhuk w[ezwb

j' frnk j?. 31 d;zpo 2013 se 13

j}ko 227 ndkbsK dk ezfgT{NoheoB j'

u[Zek j?, fiBQK ftu eJh ndkbsK ftu

e/; doi eoBk ofi;Nq/FB, ekoi ;{uh

ns/ o'}kBk ekotkJh ns/ \?;b/ ezfgT{No

;/tk okjhI i[V rJ/ jB. p[fBnkdh YKu/

dh fpjso T[gbpZXsk ns/ ndkbsK ftu

;{uBk ;zuko seBkb'ih nkT[D Bkb okiK

B/ th jkJh e'oN Bkb ;bkj eoe/ f}bQk

gZXo dhnK ndkbsK dh frDsh tXkT[D

bJh }o{oh edw u[Ze/ jB. fJ; Bkb

toswkB ndkbsK ftu w[eZdfwnK dk p'M

xN/rk ns/ fBnK d/D ftu ;[Xko j't/rk.

okiK B/ pbkseko wkwfbnK dh ;[DtkJh

bJh ck;N Nq?e ndkbsK th rfms ehshnK

jB.

d/F dhnK ;kohnK ndkbsK d/ ezweki

d/ ftFb/FD, ;ko/ fBnKfJe nfXekohnK

dk gqdoFB gqpzXB ns/ fBnK y/so dhnK

:'iBktK ;[XkoB bJh nKXo gqd/F, eoBkNe,

e/ob ns/ wjkokFNo ftu B?FBb i{vhFhnb

vkNk frqv gfjb gqki?eN F[o{ ehsk frnk

j?. fJj gqki?eN ;ko/ okiK ftu S/sh jh

T[gbpX j't/rk s/ Bkb-Bkb jkJhe'oN

ndkbsh gqfefonk ftu fJe BtK o{g

d/D bJh ezw eo fojk j?.

;oeko tb'I ;wki d/ jkFhJ/ T[s/

gJ/ b'eK gqfs fXnkB fdzd/ j'J/ fBnK se

gj[zu ~ nk;kB pDkT[D bJh d' gqki?eN

bkr{ ehs/ rJ/ jB. fJe gqki?eN wZX

Gkos d/ 8 okiK ftu ub fojk j? s/

d{ik 8 g{op T[`so okiK ns/ izw{-eFwho

ftu ub fojk j?. gfjbh :'iBk d"okB

20 bZy s'I tZX b'eK ~ ek~Bh ikro{esk

g?dk ehsh rJh j? ns/ 7 j}ko g?ok

bhrb ;Nk\ ns/ 300 tehbK ~ f;ybkJh

fdsh rJh j?. SZsh;rVQ ns/ Mkoyzv

ftu 25-25 ;EkBK T[s/ ;{uBk p{E pDkJ/

rJ/ jB fijV/ b'eK ~ ek~B ns/

nfXekoK dh ikDekoh d/Dr/. jkb jh

ftu ;oeko ns/ fBnK gkfbek tb'I eJh

edw u[Ze/ ikD T[s/ j/mbhnK ndkbsK

ftu w[eZdfwnK d/ bwe/ j'D dh frDsh

ftu ewh nkJh j?. wfjbktK, pZu/, p}[orK

ns/ ;wki d/ ew}'o tor d/ b'eK Bkb

ehs/ rJ/ ngokXK ;w/s w[ZYb/ nkXko T[s/

g[okD/ w[eZdfwnK dh ;[DtkJh ehsh ik

ojh j?.

okFNoh wsdksk fdt; 2014okFNoh wsdksk fdt; 2014okFNoh wsdksk fdt; 2014okFNoh wsdksk fdt; 2014okFNoh wsdksk fdt; 2014

25 iBtoh dk fdB okFNoh wsdksk

fdt; d/ s"o s/ wBkfJnk iKdk j?. fJj

T[j fdB j? id ;kv/ d/F d/ ;zftXkB

fBowksktK B/ d/F d/ BkrfoeK ~ Gkos

dk u'D efwFB gqdkB ehsk ;h ns/

fJ; efwFB B/ u'D T[s/ fBrokBh oZyD,

fBod/F d/D ns/ fB:zsqD oZyD dh

f}zw/dkoh ;¯gh ;h. fJj efwFB Gkos ~

nk}kd, fBogZy ns/ ftFtk;:'r u'D

eotkT[D bJh gqfspZX j?. go b'eszso

~ ;kofEe pDkT[D bJh u'D efwFB dh

gqfefonk ftu b'eK dh tZX s'I tZX Gkrhdkoh

pj[s }o{oh j?.

u'D d/ ;zukbB ftu u'D ;{uh ftu

doi jo/e Gkosh dh fJj f}zw/tkoh j? fe

T[j ;[oZfyns s"o s/ wsdkB eoB. fJ;

d/ fJbktk, u'D ftu BkrfoeK dk fjZ;k

b?Dk :ehBh pDkT[Dk, b'eszso dh Fesh

dk ;{ue j?. okFNoh wsdkB fdt; dh

ebgBk fgZS/ fJj GktBk ojh j? fe

wsdksk, ]k; s"o s/ Bt/I wsdksktK d/

gziheoB dh frDsh ftu tkXk j't/.

okFNoh wsdkB fdt; b'eK ftukb/ T[BQK

ekoBK dk nfXn?B eodk j? fe fJ;

;k;k;k;k;k


gqfefonk s'I b'e T[e iKd/ jB ns/ fJ;

gqfefonk ftu b'e fjZ;k feT[I BjhI b?Id/.

fJ; fdB ~ n;hI u'D gqfefonk ftu

gqGkth ;fj:'r d/ ;zpzX ftu b'eK ~

ikro{e eoB bJh th T[g:'r ftu fbnkT[Id/

jK. fJ; fdB Bt/I wsdksk tb'I bJh

ikD tkbh ;j[z ;kv/ ;t? gqfs, okFNo gqfs

ns/ b'eszso gqfs ;kv/ ftFtk; ~ w}p{s

eodh j?.

j[D se Gkos dk u'D efwFB b'e

;Gk dhnK 15 nkw u'DK ns/ eJh tko

oki ftXkB ;GktK d/ nkw u'DK eotk

u[Zek j?. fJ; ;{uh ftu oki ;Gk ns/

oki ftXkB gfoFdK d/ T[u/ ;zftXkBe

nj[d/ T[s/ u'D dh f}zw/tkoh th j?.

nk}kd, fBogZy ns/ gkodoFh u'D eokT[D

d/ nkgD/ :sBK ftu efwFB B/ nkgD/

ftFtk; ~ g{oh skes d/ Bkb ekfJw

oZfynk j? ns/ Bkb jh :ehBh pDkfJnk

j? fe jo/e gkso Gkos dk t'N fJ; ftu

wjZssk oZydk j?. j[D fJ; ;kb nrbh

b'e ;Gk u'D eotkT[D dh BthI u[B"sh

u'D efwFB d/ ;kjwD/ j?. fiZE/ B"itkB,

f;Zfyns, seBheh frnkB s'I Gog{o :[tk

wsdksktK dh G{fwek pj[s }o{oh j?.

2011 dh iBrDBk w[skfpe fJ; ;kb

149H36 fwbhnB wsdksk ~ gfjbh tko

t'N gkT[D dk nfXeko fwfbnk j?. fJ;

s'I gsk brdk j? fe 725 fwbhnB t'NoK

ftu 20 gqfsFs s'I tZX t'No 2014 ftu

wsdkB d/ gkso j'Dr/. gfjbh tko

t'NoK dh e[Zb ;zfynk wJh 2014 se

brGr 160 fwbhnB j' ikt/rh. ftFt

ftu u'D gqpzXB dh ftnkge gqfefonk ~

t/yd/ j'J/ u'D efwFB T[BQK b'eK ftu

T[whd oZydk j? fijV/ fe ]k; s"o s/

:[tk tor u'D ftu fjZ;k BjhI b?Id/ ns/

fBokFkiBe fttjko oZyd/ jB, T[j j[D

tZX s'I tZX fJ; gqfefonk ftu fjZ;k

b?Dr/.

- ghHnkJhHphH ibzXo

ckowckowckowckowckow-----IV(d/y' fB:w)(d/y' fB:w)(d/y' fB:w)(d/y' fB:w)(d/y' fB:w)

:'iBk (gzikph) dh wkbeh pko/ s/ j'o t/ot/:'iBk (gzikph) dh wkbeh pko/ s/ j'o t/ot/:'iBk (gzikph) dh wkbeh pko/ s/ j'o t/ot/:'iBk (gzikph) dh wkbeh pko/ s/ j'o t/ot/:'iBk (gzikph) dh wkbeh pko/ s/ j'o t/ot/

1HgqekFB ;EkB1HgqekFB ;EkB1HgqekFB ;EkB1HgqekFB ;EkB1HgqekFB ;EkB L BthI fdZbh

2HgqekFB ;wK2HgqekFB ;wK2HgqekFB ;wK2HgqekFB ;wK2HgqekFB ;wK L wkf;e

3HSkge dk BK3HSkge dk BK3HSkge dk BK3HSkge dk BK3HSkge dk BK L Jhok i'Fh

e"whnse"whnse"whnse"whnse"whns L Gkosh

gskgskgskgskgsk L gqekFB ftGkr, ;{uBk GtB,

;hHihHUH ezgb?e;, b'Xh o'v,

BthI fdZbh - 110003

4HgqekFe dk BK4HgqekFe dk BK4HgqekFe dk BK4HgqekFe dk BK4HgqekFe dk BK L Jhok i'Fh


gskgskgskgskgsk L gqekFB ftGkr, ;{uBk GtB,

;hHihHUH ezgb?e;, b'Xh o'v,

BthI fdZbh - 110003

5H;zgkde dk BK5H;zgkde dk BK5H;zgkde dk BK5H;zgkde dk BK5H;zgkde dk BK L pbpho wkX'g[oh


gskgskgskgskgsk L Jh;N pbke-4, b?tb-7, nkoHe/Hg[ow,

BthI fdZbh- 110066

6Hwkbe dk BK s/6Hwkbe dk BK s/6Hwkbe dk BK s/6Hwkbe dk BK s/6Hwkbe dk BK s/ L ;{uBk s/ gq;koB wzsokbk,

gskgskgskgskgsk Gkos ;oeko, BthI fdZbh-110001

w?I, Jhok i'Fh n?bkB eodh jK fe T[go'es t/ot/ w/oh ikDekoh ns/ ftFtk; nB[;ko

;Zu ns/ ;jh jB.

d;s]sd;s]sd;s]sd;s]sd;s]s

(Jhok i'Fh)

fwsh L 21H2H2014fwsh L 21H2H2014fwsh L 21H2H2014fwsh L 21H2H2014fwsh L 21H2H2014 gqekFe


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eJh soQK dhnK ;orowhnK ftu Fkfwb

ehsk ikt/rk.

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sK ftu M'B/ dh gBhoh bkT[D

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B/ fJ; tk;s/ jZEhI M'Bk gBhoh bkT[D

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;h ns/ 2008 ftu ;'fXnk j'fJnk o{g

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(b/ye UvhFk d/ f}bQ/ ;zpbg[o s'I j?.)

y/y/y/y/y/

M'B /M 'B /M 'B /M 'B /M 'B / dh gBhoh bkT[Ddh gBhoh bkT[Ddh gBhoh bkT[Ddh gBhoh bkT[Ddh gBhoh bkT[D

tkbh wFhBtkbh wFhBtkbh wFhBtkbh wFhBtkbh wFhB


nzsfow piN 2014-15nzsfow piN 2014-15nzsfow piN 2014-15nzsfow piN 2014-15nzsfow piN 2014-15

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ftZsh wzsoh B/ Bhshrs mfjokt dh

dbhb ~ ykoi eofdnK :{HghHJ/H ;oeko

d/ n;kXkoB tkXk fog'oN ~ g/F ehsk.

T[BQK B/ ;oeko tb'I u[Ze/ rJ/ d; w[Zy

edwK d/ Bkb GftZy dh fdqFNh th g/F

ehsh. ftZsh xkN/ ~ e[Zb xo/b{ T[sgkd

d/ 4H1 gqfsFs oZyD ns/ oZfynk eowukohnK

bJh fJe o?Ie fJe g?BFB dh g[okDh wzr

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nzsfow piN d/ w[Zy w[Zd/ jB.

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toBD ehsk j?. fJ; ftu yzv ~ fB:zsqD

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;zrs pDkT[Dk, Bt/I p?IeK bJh bkfJ;z;

ikoh eoB dh gqfefonk ns/ fv;ekw ~

BtK YKuk d/Dk Fkfwb j?. ;qh fudzpow

B/ fejk fe uZb oj/ wkbh ;kb dh gfjbh

fswkjh ftu tkXk uZeo pdb/rk. T[BQK B/

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ns/ u"Eh fswkjh ftu xZN'-xZN 5H2 gqfsFs

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fe :{HghHJ/H-1 ftu fJj tkXk do 8H4

gqfsFs ;h id fe :{HghHJ/H-2 ftu 6H6

gqfsFs ;h.

2014-15 ftu nB[wkfBs :'iBk you

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fJj brGr fgSb/ ;kb d/ pokpo j?.

|?o :'iBk you ftu wkw{bh tkXk

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th fdshnK. Gkos B/ d; ;kb gfjbK

21 eo'V 30 bZy NB T[sgkdB d/

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j}ko 451 eo'V o[gJ/ j' frnk j?. id

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2013-14 ftu y/sh y/so B/ tXhnk

ekor[}koh fdykJh j?. y/sh pokwd d/ 45

fpbhnB vkbo NZg ikD dh ;zGktBk j?.

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j'D dh ;zGktBk j?. ukb{ wkbh ;kb

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frnk ns/ gzi j'o nfifjnK ~ f;XKse

wB}{oh fdsh rJh j?.

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fBrw ~ fJe j}ko eo'V o[gJ/ d/D dk

gq;skt j?.


bZy eo'V o[gJ/ dk ;h. T[BQK B/ fejk fe

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j?. T[BQK B/ 2006-07 d"okB ftnki S'N

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fNT{p gkT[D s'I gfjbK, dtkJh dh

fJe ;go/n Bkb rba/ ~ ;[zB eo

fbnk iKdk j?. eJh tko o'rh dh

fceowzdh d{o eoB bJh e'Jh r'bah iK

e?g;{b th ytkfJnk iKdk j?.

pkfJUg;h LpkfJUg;h LpkfJUg;h LpkfJUg;h LpkfJUg;h L n?Iv';e'gh ftu pbp

d/ e'b jh dzdK tkbh fuwNh bZrh j[zdh

j? fi; Bkb FZeh irkj s'I wk; dk S'Nk

fijk N[eVk b? fbnk iKdk j? fi; dh

][odphBh iKu g?Ekb'fi;N eod/ jB.

e?I;o j'D iK Bk j'D pko/ iKu dk fJjh

fJe gZek sohek j?.

fwjd/ dk e?I;o n"osK d/ w[ekpb/fwjd/ dk e?I;o n"osK d/ w[ekpb/fwjd/ dk e?I;o n"osK d/ w[ekpb/fwjd/ dk e?I;o n"osK d/ w[ekpb/fwjd/ dk e?I;o n"osK d/ w[ekpb/

wodK ftu tX/o/ feT[I j[zdk j?<wodK ftu tX/o/ feT[I j[zdk j?<wodK ftu tX/o/ feT[I j[zdk j?<wodK ftu tX/o/ feT[I j[zdk j?<wodK ftu tX/o/ feT[I j[zdk j?<

wodK ftu firo, tZvh nzsVh s/

fwjd/ d/ e?I;o tX/o/ j[zd/ jB. w?;kfuT{N;

fJB;NhfuT{N nk\ N?eB'b'ih d/ y'iekoK

B/ u{fjnK #s/ ehshnK nkgDhnK y'iK okjhI

f;ZX ehsk j? fe n"osK dk jkow'B

(Jh;No'iB), fJ; e?I;o s'I pukn eodk

j? ]k; eoe/ @j?bhe'p?eNo gkfJb'okJh#

p?eNhohnk dh fJBc?eFB tkb/ wkwfbnK

ftu. go fJ; dk wsbp fJj BjhI fe

n"osK ftu fJj o'r j[zdk jh BjhI,

w?B'gk} s'I pknd id wkdk jkow'BK

(Jh;No'iB) dh g?dktko xN iKdh j? sK

n"osK ftu fJj e?I;o T[sgzB j' ;edk

j?. id w?I fJj b/y fby fojk jK fJ;

d/ d"okB, nZi jh w/o/ e'b fJe e/;

nkfJnk j? fi; dk, Ugo/FB okjhI fwjdk

eZfYnk frnk ;h. 48 ;kbk fJ; phph d/

fwjd/ dh ft;fsqs ][odphBh iKu s'I

pknd fJ; d/ e?I;o dh f;w s/ rq/v pko/

fog'oN fdsh rJh j?. fiBQK n"osK dk

w?B'gk} d/oh Bkb j[zdk j?, T[BQK ~ th

fJ; e?I;o dk ]sok xZN j[zdk j?.

fJbki LfJbki LfJbki LfJbki LfJbki L fJ; e?I;o dk w[Yb/

gVkn #s/, E'VQ/ wkwfbnK ftu jh gsk

brdk j? go nfij/ woh}K ftu ekch

jZd se fJbki ;zGt j[zdk j?. fit/I fe;/

th j'o nzr d/ e?I;o ftu ehsk iKdk j?

T[t/I jh fNT{wo dh g[}hFB, T[jdk c?bkn,

gVkn, s/ ftnesh dh nkw f;js ~

wZd/-B}o oZy e/ fJbki ti'I ;oioh iK

j'o ftXhnK Bkb fJbki ehsk iKdk j?.

fNT{wo dh g[}hFB, c?bkn s/ ;N/i d/

nB[;ko E'VQ/ fjZ;/, nZX/ fwjd/ iK g{o/

fwjd/ ~ ;oioh okjhI eZY fdsk iKdk

j?. i/ fJj e?I;o, nkb/-d[nkb/ d/ nzrK

fit/I G'iB-Bkbh, fsZbh, S'Nh nzsVh, bpbpk

iK nzve'F (n"osK ftu ) ftu c?b u[Zek

j't/ sK g{o/ fwjd/ d/ Bkb-Bkb fJj

th eZYD/ g?Id/ jB. s/ i/ fJj, firo,

c/cfVnK, jZvhnK nkfd ftu c?b u[Zek j't/

sK @@g?bhJ/fNt ;oioh## (E'VQh okjs d/D

bJh e[M fjZ;k eZYDk) jh ehsh iKdh

j?. o'r d/ g{o/ nfXn?B s'I pknd

ehw'E?o/gh s/ iK o/vhJ/FB Bkb th

}o{os nB[;ko fJbki ehsk iKdk j?.

pkfJnkb"iheb E?o/gh LpkfJnkb"iheb E?o/gh LpkfJnkb"iheb E?o/gh LpkfJnkb"iheb E?o/gh LpkfJnkb"iheb E?o/gh L fwjd/

d/ e?I;o tk;s/ fJj E?o/gh ni/ NokfJb

tkbh ;N/i #s/ jh j?. ehw'E?o/gh f;ZXh

e?I;o d/ ;?bK ~ ]sw eodh j? go

pkfJnkb'iheb E?o/gh fJfwT{B f;;Nw

okjhI nkgDk n;o ftykT[Idh j?. fJ;

d/ nkgD/ e[M ;kfJv nc?eN j[zd/

jB.

fejV/ G'iB pukn eod/ jB<fejV/ G'iB pukn eod/ jB<fejV/ G'iB pukn eod/ jB<fejV/ G'iB pukn eod/ jB<fejV/ G'iB pukn eod/ jB<

johnK ;p}hnK, ]k; eoe/ r'Gh

iksh dhnK, ndoe, b;D, rzYk,

;'fJnkphB, cb, nkfd.

fejVhnK t;sK s'I puDk ukjhdkfejVhnK t;sK s'I puDk ukjhdkfejVhnK t;sK s'I puDk ukjhdkfejVhnK t;sK s'I puDk ukjhdkfejVhnK t;sK s'I puDk ukjhdk

j ?<j ?<j ?<j ?<j ?<

f;roNB'Fh, Fokp, j'o BF/f;roNB'Fh, Fokp, j'o BF/f;roNB'Fh, Fokp, j'o BF/f;roNB'Fh, Fokp, j'o BF/f;roNB'Fh, Fokp, j'o BF/

tkbhnK iK }fjohbhnK uh}K,tkbhnK iK }fjohbhnK uh}K,tkbhnK iK }fjohbhnK uh}K,tkbhnK iK }fjohbhnK uh}K,tkbhnK iK }fjohbhnK uh}K,

s /} s/ eoko / fwou w;kb/,s /} s/ eoko / fwou w;kb/,s /} s/ eoko / fwou w;kb/,s /} s/ eoko / fwou w;kb/,s /} s/ eoko / fwou w;kb/,

tX/o/ fEzd/ iK uoph tkb/ ykD/,tX/o/ fEzd/ iK uoph tkb/ ykD/,tX/o/ fEzd/ iK uoph tkb/ ykD/,tX/o/ fEzd/ iK uoph tkb/ ykD/,tX/o/ fEzd/ iK uoph tkb/ ykD/,

b'V s'I tZX ykDk. ftnkjK iKb'V s'I tZX ykDk. ftnkjK iKb'V s'I tZX ykDk. ftnkjK iKb'V s'I tZX ykDk. ftnkjK iKb'V s'I tZX ykDk. ftnkjK iK

gkoNhnK ftu Gkt/I y[ZbQk s/ tkX{gkoNhnK ftu Gkt/I y[ZbQk s/ tkX{gkoNhnK ftu Gkt/I y[ZbQk s/ tkX{gkoNhnK ftu Gkt/I y[ZbQk s/ tkX{gkoNhnK ftu Gkt/I y[ZbQk s/ tkX{

G'iB fwbdk j't/ go fJj ;wMG'iB fwbdk j't/ go fJj ;wMG'iB fwbdk j't/ go fJj ;wMG'iB fwbdk j't/ go fJj ;wMG'iB fwbdk j't/ go fJj ;wM

fe ykU fe g/N sK nkgDk jhfe ykU fe g/N sK nkgDk jhfe ykU fe g/N sK nkgDk jhfe ykU fe g/N sK nkgDk jhfe ykU fe g/N sK nkgDk jh

j?.j?.j?.j?.j?.

(b/ye gq'c?;o s/ w[yh g?Ekb'ih ftGkr, ;oekoh

w?vheb ekbi s/ okfizdok j;gskb, gfNnkbk

j?.)


bhtobhtobhtobhtobhto

;Zik b'p;Zik b'p;Zik b'p;Zik b'p;Zik b'pyZpk b'pyZpk b'pyZpk b'pyZpk b'pyZpk b'p


g[;se gVu'bg[;se gVu'bg[;se gVu'bg[;se gVu'bg[;se gVu'b

g[;seg[;seg[;seg[;seg[;se LLLLL ihtB ;zrokwihtB ;zrokwihtB ;zrokwihtB ;zrokwihtB ;zrokw

pkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBkpkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBkpkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBkpkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBkpkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBk

b/ye-;zgkde L gq'H wbftzdo ihsb/ye-;zgkde L gq'H wbftzdo ihsb/ye-;zgkde L gq'H wbftzdo ihsb/ye-;zgkde L gq'H wbftzdo ihsb/ye-;zgkde L gq'H wbftzdo ihs

f;zx tV?u s/ ;hsk okw pK;bf;zx tV?u s/ ;hsk okw pK;bf;zx tV?u s/ ;hsk okw pK;bf;zx tV?u s/ ;hsk okw pK;bf;zx tV?u s/ ;hsk okw pK;b

gqekFegqekFegqekFegqekFegqekFe LLLLL soe Gkosh gqekFB,soe Gkosh gqekFB,soe Gkosh gqekFB,soe Gkosh gqekFB,soe Gkosh gqekFB,

poBkbkpoBkbkpoBkbkpoBkbkpoBkbk

gzB/ L112, w[Zb L 70 o[gJ/gzB/ L112, w[Zb L 70 o[gJ/gzB/ L112, w[Zb L 70 o[gJ/gzB/ L112, w[Zb L 70 o[gJ/gzB/ L112, w[Zb L 70 o[gJ/

jEbh g[;se |do gkoNh d/ gfjb/

gqXkB pkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBk dh nksw

eEk j? fi; dh ;zgkdBk wbftzdo ihs

f;zx tV?u ns/ ;fj ;zkgdBk ;hsk okw

pK;b tZb'I ehsh rJh j?. d/F GrsK,

;{ophoK ns/ nDyh :'fXnK dhnK ihtBhnK

nZi dh ghVQh ns/ nkT[D tkbh ghVQh bJh

;dk jh ukBD w[Bkok j'fJnk eodhnK

jB. ni'eh ghVQh ~ nkgD/ ;{opho

d/F GrsK d/ fJfsjk; s'I ikD{ eokT[D

ns/ nshs d/ ;{ophosk Gog{o ;w/I Bkb

i'VB bJh nksweEktK tZvk gq/oBk ;o's

j[zdhnK jB. fJ;/ wB'oE ~ w[Zy oZy e/

;zgkde ns/ ;fj-;zgkde B/ pkpk ;'jD

f;zx GeBk d/ ihtB ;zrokw ~ Fpdh

ikwk gfjBk e/ g[;se dh f;oiDk ehsh

j?.

g[;se ftu pkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBk

d/ pugB s'I b? e/ ;w[Zu/ ihtB d"okB

xNhnk xNBktK ~ ;[uZi/ Yzr Bkb

ebwpzd ehsk frnk j?. ;kb tko T[bhfenk

frnk j? fe ed'I pkpk ih B/ fejVk

;zxoF ftZfYnk ns/ fet/I ekw:kph jk;b

ehsh. pkpk ih d/ pugB s'I nkozG eoe/

T[BQK d/ ihtB d/ jo gfjb{ T[s/ Mks

g[nkJh rJh j?. T[BQK d/ ;wkfie, okiBhse

ns/ d/F Grsh tkb/ ihtB #s/ Gog{o

ikDekoh gq;s[s ehsh rJh j?.

g[;se @ihtB ;zrokw pkpk ;'jD

f;zx GeBk# ftu fiE/ gfjbh ftFt izr

t/b/ fSVh fJBebkph bfjo pko/ ikDekoh

fdsh rJh j?, T[E/ pkpk ih ~ dog/F

w[FebK ~ th pVh fFZds Bkb T[bhfenk

frnk j?. g[;se ni'e/ B"itkB tor

bJh fJe u[B"sh j?. T[BQK ~ nkgDh

}who dh nktk} ;[DB ns/ nkgD/ d/F

bJh e[M eo r[}oB bJh tzrkodh j?.

fJj f;Zfynk fdzdh j? fe pkpk ;'jD f;zx

GeBk dh soQK i[Mko{ pD e/ d/F bJh

e[opkB j't/.

g[;se dh gqekFBk bJh ;zgkdeK B/

pkpk ih d/ nBw'b ftukoK ~ e[M b'eK

dh ofjB[wkJh eoB bJh ;KM/ :sB i[NkJ/

jB. fJj g[;se fJ; rZb bJh gq/odh j?

fe fit/I pkpk ih ~ nkgD/ ihtB d/ eJh

fJwfsjkBK ftu'I r[}oBk fgnk, fJt/I jh

nkw wB[Zy ~ nkgD/ fdqVQ nehd/ Bkb

nkgD/ d/F dh ;/tk eoBh ukjhdh j?.

g[;se ftu S'N/-S'N/ f;ob/y d/ e/ pkpk

ih d/ ihtB #s/ ;cb Mks g[nkJh rJh

j?. tke ouBk ftu ;zy/gsk ns/ ;ziwsk

dk g{ok fXnkB oZfynk frnk j?.

;zgkdeK B/ g[;se @ihtB ;zrokw

pkpk ;'jD f;zx GeBk# ftu pkpk ih d/

fsnkrh ihtB #s/ Gog{o o'FBh gkJh j?.

g[;se ;G torK bJh bkj/tzd f;ZX

j't/rh. o"fuesk ~ ekfJw oZyD bJh

tkoskbkg ftu u[;sh ns/ :EkoEesk

Goh rJh j?. g[;se dh ni'e/ ;w/I ftu

pj[s b'V j?, feT[Ife fJj g[;se fiE/

wkor doFB eo/rh, T[E/ Bkb jh pkpk

;'jD f;zx GeBk dh d/F Grsh dh

GktBk s'I ikD{ eokJ/rh. nfijh g[;se

gVQ e/ ][d-p-][d Bsw;se j'D ~ wB

b'udk j?. ;zgkde gqFz;k d/ jZedko

jB.

- pbftzdo e"o- pbftzdo e"o- pbftzdo e"o- pbftzdo e"o- pbftzdo e"o

g[;seg[;seg[;seg[;seg[;se LLLLL ;{\hws ns/ o{jkBhns;{\hws ns/ o{jkBhns;{\hws ns/ o{jkBhns;{\hws ns/ o{jkBhns;{\hws ns/ o{jkBhns

b/ye L g'qH r[ouoB f;zx sbtkVkb/ye L g'qH r[ouoB f;zx sbtkVkb/ye L g'qH r[ouoB f;zx sbtkVkb/ye L g'qH r[ouoB f;zx sbtkVkb/ye L g'qH r[ouoB f;zx sbtkVk

gzB/ L 272, w[Zb L 350 o[gJ/gzB/ L 272, w[Zb L 350 o[gJ/gzB/ L 272, w[Zb L 350 o[gJ/gzB/ L 272, w[Zb L 350 o[gJ/gzB/ L 272, w[Zb L 350 o[gJ/

gqekFegqekFegqekFegqekFegqekFe LLLLL tkfo; Fkj ckT{Iv/FB, tkfo; Fkj ckT{Iv/FB, tkfo; Fkj ckT{Iv/FB, tkfo; Fkj ckT{Iv/FB, tkfo; Fkj ckT{Iv/FB,

nzfwqs;o nzfwqs;o nzfwqs;o nzfwqs;o nzfwqs;o

gzikph ;{\h ekft nkb'uBk d/ y/so

ftu gq'\?;o r[ouoB f;zx sbtkVk dk

ftF/F ;EkB j?. fJ; s'I gfjbK fJ; ftF/

T[s/ T[; dhnK fszB j'o g[;seK ;{\hws

L ftukoXkok, ftek; ns/ f;bf;b/ l fJ;bkw

ns/ ;{\hws L f;XKs, fJfsjk; ns/

p[fBnkdh ;zebg ns/ sh;oh gqw[Zy gzikph

;{\h eth L ihtB ns/ fuzsB gqekfFs j'

u[ZehnK jB. fJ;bkw, ;{\h fuzsB ns/

gzikph ;{\h eftsk Bkb ;zpzfXs fJBQK

g[;seK ~ gzikph ;kfjs dh f}eo:'r

gqkgsh fejk ik ;edk j?.

;{\htkd fJ;bkwh fuzsB d/ sfjs

fJe fJbwh, o{jkBh ns/ nwbh ihtB

iku j?. b/ye nB[;ko, @@fJ;bkwh ojZ;tkd

~ s;Zt[\, ;{\htkd iK ;{\hws fejk iKdk

j?. fJj fJ;bkw ftu'I jh T[gih fJe

ftukoXkok j?. HHHfJj fJe nwbh ;kXBk

gZXsh j? fi; dk ;zpzX o{jkBhns Bkb

j?. fJj o{jkBhns ihtB iku, feskph

frnkB se jh ;hws BjhI ;r'I ;kXBk dk

nfijk ;kro j? fi; ftu nwb dh

f}nkdk nfjwhns j?.## }kfjo j? fe

;{\htkd e/tb fJbw jh BjhI ;r'I

nB[Gt$fJjbkw #s/ th nkXkfos j?. fJ;/

ekoB ;{\htkd ~ ;wMD ns/ fJ; dh

sfj se ikD bJh i/ ;{\h BjhI sK xZN'-

xZN ;{\hnK tork }o{o pDBk g?Idk j?.

ftukokXhB g[;se @;{\hws ns/

o{jkBhns# d/ nfXn?B ns/ fuzsB dk

dkfJok ek\h t;hj j?. g[;se d/ e[Zb

10 nfXnkfJ jB fiBQK ~ nZr'I T[g-GkrK

ftu tzfvnk frnk j?. g[;se d/ gfjb/


nfXnkfJ ftu ;{\htkd d/ fBek; ns/

ftek; ~ o/yKfes ehsk frnk j?. fJ; s'I

pknd b/ye B/ ;{\h doFB d/ sfjs

fJbkjh }ks ns/ f;\ks ;zpzXh ftfGzB

fdqFNhe'DK$f;XKsK dk nfXn?B gq;s[s ehsk

j? i' wjZstg{oB th j? ns/ frnkBtoXe

th. shik nfXnkfJ Gkos ftu ;{\htkd

dh nkwd ns/ fJ; d/ gquko-gq;ko Bkb

;zpzfXs j?. b/ye B/ Gkosh ns/ gzikph

;{\h ;kfjs d/ gq;zr ftu ftF/F wjZst

tkb/ ekdoh, fuFsh, BeFpzdh ns/ ;[jotodh

f;bf;fbnK ;w/s e[M j'o nfjw ;{\h

f;bf;fbnK pko/ th ftbZyD ikDekoh

gqdkB ehsh j?.

g[;se dk nfXnkfJ @;{\h ftukoXkokL

;o{g s/ bZSD# ftF/F wjZst dk XkoBh

j?. fJ; ftu b/ye B/ fJ;bkw ns/

;{\htkd d/ e[M gqw[Zy ;zebgK$f;XKsK

fit/I s"jhd, e[\o, fFoe, fJpkds, fJFe,

w[ofFd, seZp[o, set, stZe[b, o}k, ;po,

F[eo nkfd ;zpzXh Gktg{os ikDekoh gqdkB

ehsh j?. ;{\h ;kXBk ns/ o{jkBhns d/

sfjs th ;{\htkd d/ ;kXBksfwe gfjb{

~ gqGktFkbh o{g ftu gq;s[s eoB dk

:sB ehsk frnk j?.

g[;se d/ S/t/I nfXnkfJ @;{\htkd

ns/ Gkosh |?o-w[;fbw ;wki# ftu fJ;bkw

ns/ Xkofwe ;fjDFhbsk Bkb ;zpzfXs

e[M nfjw gZyK ~ nfXn?B dk nkXko

pDkfJnk frnk j?. ;{\h dot/FK dhnK

ihtBhnK d/ sfjs e[Zb 24 dot/FK d/

ihtB ns/ F];hns dk ;zy/g fusoB

ehsk frnk j?. ;{\h dh o{j ~ gSkDB

ns/ ftF/ ~ rzGhosk g{ote ;wMD bJh

fJj ;zy/g ihtBhnK ftF/F o{g ftu ;jkJh

j[zdhnK jB.

uouk nXhB g[;se d/ nfXnkfJ

@;{\hws ns/ Gkosh Xow gozgok# ftu

;{\hws dh t/dKfse ns/ r[owfs ftukoXkok

Bkb ;KM dh fBFkBd/jh ehsh rJh j?.

b/ye B/ ;{\hnK dh Gkosh ;wki ~ d/D

dk th pj[gZyh ikfJ}k fbnk j?. nzfsw

nfXnkfJ @;{\hws L toswkB gqk;zrfesk

ns/ ntZFesk# ftu ;{\htkd dh ;dhth

;kofEesk ns/ wjZst ~ o/yKfes ehsk

frnk j?.

jZEbh g[;se @;{\hws ns/ o{jkBhns#

gzikph gkme ~ eJh gZyK s'I nkgD/ tZb

nkeofFs eodh j?. ;{\htkd d/ ftfGzB

gfjb{nK ;zr rzGho, ;[fjod ns/ f;jswzd

;ztkd oukT[D d/ Bkb-Bkb fJj g[;se

fJ;bkwh fuzsB ns/ ;{\htkd pko/ nfijh

ikDekoh th gqdkB eodh j? i' ;{\htkd

Bkb ;zpzfXs nkw T[gbpX g[;seK ftu

BjhI fwbdh. b/ye dh fBZih F];hns dk

;{\hnkBk ihtB-iku Bkb nEkj brkU

j'Dk th fJ; g[;se d/ j[;B ns/ sk}rh

ftu tkXk eodk j?. T[od{ s/ \ko;h

Fpdktbh dk gq:'r ek\h j'fJnk j? i'

ftF/ dh b'V nB[;ko ;[Gkfte gqshs j[zdk

j?. b/ye dh GkFk ns/ F?bh dk ewkb

fJj j? fe nkb'uBk dh g[;se j'D d/

pkti{d th fJj f;oiDksfwe ;kfjse

feos tKr jh o"fue ns/ fdbu;g j?.

- vkH nBto fuok|- vkH nBto fuok|- vkH nBto fuok|- vkH nBto fuok|- vkH nBto fuok|

g[;seg[;seg[;seg[;seg[;se LLLLL ihn eod? gzSh pD iktKihn eod? gzSh pD iktKihn eod? gzSh pD iktKihn eod? gzSh pD iktKihn eod? gzSh pD iktK

(pkb eftsktK)(pkb eftsktK)(pkb eftsktK)(pkb eftsktK)(pkb eftsktK)

b/ye L vkH jopz; f;zx uktbkb/ye L vkH jopz; f;zx uktbkb/ye L vkH jopz; f;zx uktbkb/ye L vkH jopz; f;zx uktbkb/ye L vkH jopz; f;zx uktbk

gzB/ L 104, w[Zb L 220 o[gJ/gzB/ L 104, w[Zb L 220 o[gJ/gzB/ L 104, w[Zb L 220 o[gJ/gzB/ L 104, w[Zb L 220 o[gJ/gzB/ L 104, w[Zb L 220 o[gJ/

gqekFegqekFegqekFegqekFegqekFe LLLLL wBgqhs gqekFB, fdZbh. wBgqhs gqekFB, fdZbh. wBgqhs gqekFB, fdZbh. wBgqhs gqekFB, fdZbh. wBgqhs gqekFB, fdZbh.

vkH jopz; f;zx ukbtk gzikph ;kfjs

ftu ikfDnk gSkfDnk BK j?. fJ;

;kfjseko B/ gzikph ;kfjs ~ jEbh

g[;se s'I gfjbK th eJh pkb g[;seK

pkb ;kfjs dh M'bh gkJhnK jB ns/

f;Zy fJfsjk; ~ tZvw[Zbh d/D fdsh j?.

fJ; s'I fJbktk, e"V/ ;Zu ns/ ekb/

gZEo d' ejkDh ;zrqfj d/ e/ ejkDh

;kfjs ftu tkXk ehsk j?.

jZEbh g[;se @ihn eod? gzSh pD

iktK# b/ye dh nZmthI pkb-g[;se j?.

fJ; s'I gfjbK p[ZYh u[V/b, w[V/ j'J/ BZe

tkbh wZSh, gohnK dk Nkg{, fdU s/ p[ZYh

;'B fuVh s/ tfuZso o[Zy nkfd eJh pkb

g[;seK d/ e/ gzikph pkb ;kfjs ftu

fJe fBZro tkXk ehsk j?.

fJ; ebw dh ftF/Fsk Bk f;o\

pkb ;kfjs dh ouBk eoe/ sK j? jh ;r'I

fJ; rZb ftu th j? fe fgSbhnK ;Zs

dhnK ;Zs pkb-g[;seK ftu b/ye B/

ftd/Fh pkb ejkDhnK ftubhnK fwEK

ftd/Fh ;fGnkuko ns/ izrbh ikBtoK d/

ihtB ~ b? e/ i' i}p/, i' ;'u Gkosh

pkb ;kfjs ftu g/F ehsh j? T[j jo

pZu/ ~ fJe ;Zuh-;[Zuh ;/X fdzdh j?. fi;

Bkb pkb wB Bk f;o\ wB'oziB se jh

;hws ofjzdk j? ;r'I uzrh ihtB iku ~

th ngDkT[Idk j?. fJ; ebw okjhI fizBhnK

th g[;seK j[D se ouhnK rJhnK jB

T[j pkb gkmeK ~ wB'oziB d/ Bkb-Bkb

ihtB ihT[D dh ;/X th fdzdhnK jB.

]?o, @ihn eod? gzSh pD iktK# fJe

]{p;{os ekft-;zrqfj j? fi; ftu pZfunK

bJh fbyhnK eftsktK ftu fJfsjk; th

j? ns/ fwfEjk; th. f;Zy fJfsjk; d/

Bkb-Bkb ;kv/ S/ r[o{nK dh pkDh d/ e[M

nzF th jB s/ r[o{ xoK dh pho rkEk

th j?. ]k; eoe/ d;t/I r[o{ ;qh r[o{

r'fpzd f;zx d/ ;opz; dh e[opkBh pko/.

fiE/ b/ye B/ fJ; g[;se ftu tDK

d/ gzy-gzy/o{nK okjhI pkb wB ~ fBZehnK-

fBZehnK eftsktK okjhI ;Zu d/ okj T[s/

uZbD dh f;Zfynk fdsh j? T[E/ Xhoi ftu

ofjD dh ;'u th gqdkB ehsh j?.

E'VQ/ FpdK ftu, vkH jopz; f;zx

uktbk gzikph pkb ;kfjs ftu fJe

ftF/F ;kfjseko j? i' pkb wBK T[s/

nkgDhnK ouBktK okjhI nfijh T[uh-;[Zuh

s;tho tkj[zdk j? i' ihtB Go T[BQK ~

;jh ;'u Bkb i'VdhnK jB s/ pkb wB

~ fJe Bo'Jh ;/X fdzdhnK jB.

- pfuzs e"o- pfuzs e"o- pfuzs e"o- pfuzs e"o- pfuzs e"o

gqfk;fbe ;[xko fdjksh eo}k yku/ ~ w}p{s eobk oki gqpzxb l ... punjabi march 2014.pdf · march -2014...

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