Grammar

Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.

-- Look at the excited boy! Why is he so happy?-- He has got the first prize in the contest.-- No wonder he is excited!

• 过去分词作表语一般用来表示感受或状态（系动词 + 过去分词 )

No wonder he is excited! (predictive)

可以用作表语的常见的过去分词有：delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited, frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied

• 过去分词作定语： 1. 分词可以用作前置定语，此时，分词和名

词之间有两种语意关系：一种是分词表示主动（但时间上已经过去）；一种是分词表被动。

He is a retired worker.他是一个退休工人。This is a newly-developed device. 这是一个新开发的工具。2. 过去分词作后置定语时，其功能当于一个定语从句。

Past Participle as the Attributive

. Example: So many thousands of terrified people died. (In the text)

Now find two more examples in the reading passage.

1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.

2. With this evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the disease

过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。 Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train. 他们当中有一些人 , 生长在农村，从未见过火车。

用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，变成所谓的转移形容语。这种过去分词在形式上直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。The general stared at him in startled admiration.将军以惊讶而赞赏的眼光注视着他。

Attention

eg. We asked two of China’s many talented journalists to tell us more about new.

I want to write about people addicted to drugs.

•When the past participle is a single word, where do you put, before the noun modified or after it? When the past participle is a phrase, where do you put?

过去分词短语用作定语时，一般皆至置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于笔语中。

There were twenty or thirty monkeys huddled along the branches as still as statues.有二三十个猴子蜷缩在树枝上 , 静如雕像。

Trucks and buses were driven on gas carried in large bags on the roof.

卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气是装载车顶上的袋中。

Look at the dialogue and find the use of the past participle.

-- I hear you and James are engaged at last.-- Yes, we are.-- When are you getting married?-- In the spring.-- Oh, lovely. Where’s the wedding going to be?

Past Participle as the PredicativeExample: But he became inspired when he

thought about helping ordinary people.

Now find two more examples 　　　　　　　　 in the reading passage.

He got interested in two theories explaining how cholera killed people.

Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.

Past Participle as an attribute

Past Participle asthe predicative

1.terrified people2.reserved seats3.polluted water4.acrowded room5.a pleased winner

1.people who are terrified2.seats which are reserved3.water that is polluted4.a room that is crowded5.a winner who is pleased

Practice 1: Complete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.

Past Participle as an attribute

Past Participle asthe predicative6.children who look

astonished7.a vase that is broken8.a door that is closed9.the audience who feel

tired10.an animal that is trapped

6.astonished children

7.a broken vase8.a closed door9.the tired

audience10. a trapped animal

Practice 2: Change the following into English using “make + n.” and past participles.

make an appointmentmake a gossipmake an apologymake a contestmake a choice

约会闲言碎语道谦竞争选择

crowded streets

struck speeches

inspired contestant受到鼓舞的竞赛者拥挤的街道打动人的演讲

unexpected visitorsdiscouraged students

不速之客感到沮丧的学生

1.He got ______ about losing the money.

2.Why do you always look so ____? Do you sleep well these days?

blamed

tired

3 Complete the sentences using the past participle as the predicative.(P5)

4.Everybody was ________________ to hear the death of the famous film star.

shocked/ depressed

3.I was ___________ with the film I saw

last night. I had expected it to be

better.

disappointed

5.The children are really _______ about going to the zoo.6.His wound became _______with a new virus.

excited

infected

Practice 2: Rewrite the following sentences with the past participle as attributive.• Let’s try the bookstore that was

opened last month.

Let’s try the bookstore opened last month.

Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it.

Yesterday, the President went to visit the retired workers.

•Nine out of ten women who were interviewed about the product said they liked it.

•Yesterday, the President went to visit the workers who had retired.

Further information: Difference between the Present Participle

and the Past participle

Choose appropriate verbs to complete the following sentences, using the past participle. Explain the use of the past participle in each sentence. (P44)

1

1. They were ________ to accept my idea.

2. I'll be _________ to hear what he has

to say.

3. The mayor said that he was

_______about the _________ rise of

the water level in the river bed.

prepared

interested

worried continued

4. Recently ________ soldiers are helping to take the victims to safe areas from the flood.

5. Most of the newspaper seems to be _________ with pop stars.

6. He was _________ of going alone into the empty house.

arrived

concernedfrightened

Rewrite these sentences as one sentence using the past participle as the attribute or predicative.(P44)

2

1. I found this plate on the floor. The plate was broken in pieces. I found this broken plate on the floor.

2. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man. His name is Xiao Ming. I saw a tall, dark and handsome man called Xiao Ming.

3. I looked at that modem abstract ( 抽象 ) painting. It was colored in yellows and greens. I looked at that modem abstract painting colored in yellows and greens.

4. Yesterday I got the answer to my question. It was the one I expected. Yesterday I got the expected answer to my question. 5. She is one of my friends. She is devoted

to my interests. She is my friend devoted to my interests.

6. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles. They were marked in green ink. On the doorstep I found a lot of bottles were labelled in green ink.7. We saw many windows in that room. They were all cracked. We saw many cracked windows in that room.