Grammar

Modal Verb I

情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。表示“需要、可以、必须、应当”等。

什么是情态动词？ (Modal Verbs)

情态动词 + have done 用法1.must have done 想必 / 准是 / 一定做

了

否定式为： can’t /couldn’t/+have doneIt must have rained last night for the road is quite muddy.

2.Can/could have done

1. 本来能够做

2. 过去可能会做

Can he have gone to his aunt?

他有可能去她姨妈家了吗？

3.Cannot/could not have done

1. 过去不可能

2. 过去没能够

He cannot have forgotten it.

他不可能忘了那件事。

3.may/might have done

也许、或许已经做了，一般只用于肯定句或否定句中（在否定句中表示“可能不” ) ，不用于疑问句。用 might 表示语气更加不肯定。

It’s too late. I think he may have gone to bed.

He may not have finished the work.

他也许还没完成那项工作。

4.should/ ought to have done

本该做，而实际上未做

You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.

你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。

5.should not/

ought not to have done

本不该做而做了

You shouldn’t have told her truth.

你本不该告诉她真相。

6.needn’t have done

本不必做而做了

You needn’t have taken a taxi here, for it was very near to my house.

7. had better (not) have done

当时最好（没）做了某事

You had better not have scolded her.

8.would rather (not) have done

宁愿当时（没）做了某事

I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather have not done that.

9.would like/love to have done

过去愿意做但未做成

I would love to have gone to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.

昨晚我本来很想去参加聚会的，但我得加班完成一个报告。

1. — ____ I go out to play, mum?

— No, you _____. You should do

your homework first.

A. Might; wouldn’t

B. May; had better not

C. Must; mustn’t

D. Need; mustn’t

课堂练兵

2. — Where is Emma? — I can’t say for sure where she is, but she _______ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _________ cleaned. A. can’t have been B. couldn’t be C. may have been D. would be

4. There ______ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t5. This umbrella looks like mine, but it isn’t. Whose ______ it be? A. must B. can C. may D. might

6. — May I sit beside you, sir?

— Sorry, you ______. Look, my daughter

is coming.

A. can’t B. mustn’t

C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

7. Peter ______ be really difficult at times

even though he is a nice person in general.

A. shall B. should

C. can D. must

8. You ______ be hungry already — you

had lunch only two hours ago!

A. wouldn’t B. can’t

C. mustn’t D. needn’t

9. Although this ______ sound like a

simple task, great care is needed.

A. must B. may

C. shall D. should

10. — She looks very happy. She ______ have passed the exam. — I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might11. — I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. — It ______ Harry’s. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be

1. Some aspects of a pilot’s job _____ be

boring, and pilots often _____ work at

inconvenient hours. (2006 湖南卷 )

A. can; have to B. may; can

C. have to; may D. ought to; must

2. The weather turned out to be fine

yesterday. I _____ the trouble to carry

my umbrella with me. (2006 江西卷 )

A. should have taken

B. could have taken

C. needn’t have taken

D. mustn’t have taken

3. — How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? — It ________ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (2007 全国 I 卷 ) A. will B. would C. should D. must 4. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I ________ have driven her there. (2007 陕西卷 ) A. could B. must C. night D. should

5. — She looks very happy. She ___ have passed the exam. — I guess so. It’s not difficult after all. (2007 江苏卷 ) A. should B. could C. must D. might6. — Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. — You ______ it in the wrong place. (2007 江西卷 ) A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put

7. According to the air traffic rules, you ______ switch off your mobile phone boarding. (2008 上海卷 ) A. may B. can C. would D. should8. Although this ______ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. (2008 四川卷 ) A. must B. may C. shall D. should

9. Thank you for all your hard work last

week. I don’t think we ______ it

without you. (2008 山东卷 )

A. can manage

B. could have managed

C. could manage

D. can have managed

10. But for their help, we _________ the program in time. (2009 安徽卷 ) A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finished D. could not have finished11. The doctor recommended that you _______ swim after eating a large meal. (2009 浙江卷 ) A. wouldn't B. couldn't C. needn't D. shouldn't

12. — It’s the office! So you _______ know eating is not allowed here. 　　 — Oh, sorry. (2009 湖南卷 )　 A. must B. will C. may D. need13. The traffic is heavy this day. I _______ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (2009 辽宁卷 ) A. can B. must C. need D. might

14. Just be patient. You_____ except the world to change so soon. (2010 全国 I卷 ) A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not15. — I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. — Don’t worry. You ______ have it by Friday. (2010 江苏卷 ) A. could B. shall C. must D. may

16. “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There's no one of that name here.” (2010 浙江卷 ) A. need B. can C. must D. would17. — May I take this book out of the reading room? — No, you _____. You read it in here. (2010 陕西卷 ) A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t