Grammar unit4 定语从句小节 2011.11.21 高一。 A

谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。

结局好 , 一切都好。

真正的友谊犹如健康的身体 , 失去时方知其可贵。

Proverbs

Friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom know until it is lost.

All is well that ends well.

He who laughs last laughs best.

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或者代词用作定语的句子就叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。引导定语从句的关联词有：

定语从句

关系代词： who, whom

whose, which, that, as

关系副词： when, where,why

定语从句的位置定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。

e.g. This is the car which he bought last year. 先行词 定语从句

Do you know the man?

He spoke just now.

Do you know the man who spoke just now?

whom 指人 , 在从句中作宾语 , 可省略。

e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we

saw at the Beijing Hotel?

The girl is from America.

I called her just now.

The girl (whom ) I called just now is from America.

which 指物 , 在句中作主语或宾语 ,

作宾语时可以省略。

e.g. I’m not interested in the book

which has just been published.

I have read the newspaper.

It carries the important news.

I have read the newspaper which

carries the important news.

I showed him the letter.

I received it this morning

I showed him the letter (which)

I received this morning.

that 指人或物，在从句中做主语或宾语 , 作宾语时可以省略。

The house that I’m going to buy faces south.

They’re talking about the film.

I have seen the film.

They’re talking about the film (that)

I’ve seen.

It was written by Laoshe.

Jane has borrowed the book.

Jane has borrowed the book

that was written by Laoshe.

* 先行词前有下列词语修饰时 , 定语从句必须用 that 引导。all, every, any, little, few, much, no, only,

very, the+ 序数词 , the+ 形容词最高级e.g. This is the cleanest park that you

can imagine.

e.g. This is the only book that has been

written in French.

e.g. He talked about the things and

persons he had visited in the city.

* 在 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导。

that

e.g. Who is the man is standing

over there.

that

* 先行词在从句中作表语时 , 限制性定语从句通常用 that 引导。 ( 常可省略 )

e.g. She is no longer the girl that she

was before she went to the country.

That is the new machine.

The parts of it are too small to see.

That’s the machine whose parts are

too small to see.

当先行词是 one, ones, anybody, anyone,

all, none, those 等 , 指人时一般用 who,

不用 that 。Those who want to go to the cinema

will have to wait at the gate of the school.

在以疑问词 who 开头的句子中 , 或关系代词在从句中作表语时 , 用 that, 不用 who 。Who is the man that is shouting there?She is not the girl that she used to be.

3. 先行词是人 , 从句中缺动词宾语或 介词宾语时 , 用 whom 或 that( 介词 后不用 that) 。The teacher wants to return the book

to the girl from whom he borrowed it.

He is the student (whom, who, that) you

want to see.

关系代词 that, which , whom 在从句中作

宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。

* whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。

The girl got first.

Her father had given us a report.

The girl whose father had given us a report got first.

e.g. That’s the man whose house was

burned down.

1. The famous basketball star, ____ tried

to make a comeback, attracted a lot of

attention.

A. where B. when C. which D. who

解析 : 本题考察定语从句关联词的选择 ,

从句意可知先行词 the famous basketball

star( 著名的篮球明星 ) 是人 , 所以应用 表示人的关联词 who 。

真题解析D

2. (2006 北京 ) Women ___ drink more than

two cups of coffee a day have a greater

chance of having heart disease than

those ___ don’t.

A. who;/   B. /; who  C. who; who   D. /;/

Key: C

解析 : 本题考查两个定语从句 , 这两个定语

从句都缺少主语 , 在定语从句中 , 如果是关系代词做定语从句的主语 , 关系代词不能省略 , 故答案选 C 。

3. (2006 福建 ) Look out! Don’t get too

close to the house ___ roof is under

repair.

A. whose B. which C. of which D. that

Key A

　解析 : whose 在定语从句中做 roof 的 定语 , 用于修饰 house 。

1. This is all ____ I know about the matter.

A. that B. what C. who D. whether

2. Is there anything else _____ you want?

A. which B. that C. who D. what

3. The last place _____ we visited was

the Great Wall.

A. which B. that C. where D. it

Choose the best answers:

4. Please take the second chair __ is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that

5. Is oxygen the only gas __ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it

6. Finally, the thief handed everything _____ he had stolen to the police. (NMET98’) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that

7. All of the flowers now raised here have

developed from those ____ in the forest.

A. once the grew B. they grew once

C. that once grew D. once grew.

8. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.

A. the way B. the way in that

C. the way which D. the way of which

9. The weather turned out to be very good,

____ was more than we expected.

A. what B. which C. that D. it

10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten

windows; most of ____ hadn’t been

cleaned for ten years.

A. these B. those C. that D. which

1. The man ____ I saw told me to wait.2. The man to _____ I spoke was a foreigner.3. I know a boy ______ father is an acrobat. ( 杂技演员 )4. He saw a house _____ windows were all broken.

Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.

who

whom

whose

whose

5. All the apples ____ fall are eaten by

wild boars.

6. Can you think of anyone ____ could

look after him?

7. This is the best hotel ____ I know.

8. He showed a machine _____ parts are

too small to be seen.

that

that

that

whose

基础练习

1. Is that the house ____ you bought last y

ear? A. where B. which

2. Is that the picture ___ you are laughing

at? A. which B.where

3. It is the most interesting book ___ I’ll ev

er read. A. which B. that

B

B

A

4. The street ___ is to the park is very

narrow. A. where B. which

5. The person ___ finds my watch will get

a reward. A. who B. when

6. This is the room __ we listened to the

lecture. A. which B. where

B

A

B

7. The boy ___ mother is ill can not

come to the party.

A. who B. whose

8. Tell me the reason ___ you are late.

A. which B. why

B

B

填空：1. Look at that lady ______ name is Pochi.

2. He is a teacher _________ I like very mu

ch.

3. Those pictures _________ were drawn b

y Tom are nice.

4. Those _____ will go to the park stay here.

5. That was all the money ______ I had.

whose

whom/that

which/that

who

that

6. Tom is the first boy _____ left the room.

7. Look at the boy and his dog _____ are

coming this way.

8. You can read any book _____ I have.

9. That was the year _____ I went to

America.

10. we came to the town, ______ we stayed

for 2 hours.

that

that

that

when

where

1. It is reported that two schools, ____ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007 四川 ) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which2. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of ___ are healthy. (2007 北京 ) A. that B. which C. what D. whom

高考链接D

D

3. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ____ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (2007 浙江 ) A. that B. which C. who D. where 4. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ____ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重庆卷 ) A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which

B

B

5. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ____ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽 ) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom6. Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big company. (2007 辽宁 )

A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this

D

B

9. Yesterday she sold her car, ____ she

bought a month ago. (2008 浙江 )

A. whom B. where

C. that D. which

D

翻译1. 他指给我看他丢钱包的地方。 He showed me the place where he lost

his wallet.2. 我不认识那个和你说话的女孩。 I don’t know the girl whom/that you

speak to.3. 她是一个叫玛丽的女孩。 She is a girl who is called Mary.

4. 那些正在打网球的男孩是我的朋友。 Those boys who are playing tennis are

my friends.

5. 你记不记得我们到这儿的那一天 ?

Do you remember the day when we

arrived here?

Homework

1. Finish the exercises on page 29.

2. Read the passage on Page 64.

Complete the sentences below, using

who, whom, which, that or whose.