grammatikh 001-013

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°Ú·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋ EãÎ·È ™Ùã¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡

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Page 1: GRAMMATIKH 001-013

°Ú·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋EãÎ·È ™Ùã¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡

Page 2: GRAMMATIKH 001-013

™À°°ƒ∞º∂π™ ∂ÈÚ‹ÓË ºÈÏÈ¿ÎË-Warburton, √ÌfiÙÈÌË ∫·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ Reading U.K.

ªÈ¯·‹Ï °ÂˆÚÁȷʤÓÙ˘, °ÏˆÛÛÔÏfiÁÔ˜°ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ∫ÔÙ˙fiÁÏÔ˘, °ÏˆÛÛÔÏfiÁÔ˜ª·ÚÁ·Ú›Ù· §Ô˘Î¿, ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜

∫ƒπ∆∂™-∞•π√§√°∏∆∂™ °ÂˆÚÁ›· ∫·ÙÛÈÌ·Ï‹, ∞Ó·ÏËÚÒÙÚÈ· ∫·ıËÁ‹ÙÚÈ· ¶·ÓÂÈÛÙËÌ›Ô˘ ∫Ú‹Ù˘ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˜ °ÎfiÏÈ·Ú˘, Ù. ™¯ÔÏÈÎfi˜ ™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ¶.∂.µ·ÛÈÏÈ΋ ¶·Ó·ÁÈÒÙÔ˘, ∂Î·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎfi˜

∂π∫√¡√°ƒ∞º∏™∏ ¶¤ÙÚÔ˜ ªÔ˘Ïԇ̷Û˘, ∂ÈÎÔÓÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜ – ™ÎÈÙÛÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˜

ºπ§√§√°π∫∏ ∂¶πª∂§∂π∞ £ÂÔ‰ÒÚ· ∆Û›Áη, ºÈÏfiÏÔÁÔ˜

À¶∂À£À¡√π ∆√À ª∞£∏ª∞∆√™ ¶¤ÙÚÔ˜ ªÂÚÂÚ‹˜, ™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘∫∞∆∞ ∆∏ ™À°°ƒ∞º∏ ÃÚ‹ÛÙÔ˜ ¶··Ú›˙Ô˜, ™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ Â.Ù. ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘

À¶∂À£À¡O™ ∆√À À¶√∂ƒ°√À ÃÚ›ÛÙÔ˜ ¶··Ú›˙Ô˜, ™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ Â.Ù. ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘

¶ƒ√∂∫∆À¶ø∆π∫∂™ ∂ƒ°∞™π∂™ ACCESS °ƒ∞ºπ∫∂™ ∆∂á∂™ ∞.∂.

°ã ∫.¶.™. / ∂¶∂∞∂∫ ππ / ∂Ó¤ÚÁÂÈ· 2.2.1 / ∫·ÙËÁÔÚ›· ¶Ú¿ÍÂˆÓ 2.2.1.·: «∞Ó·ÌfiÚʈÛË ÙˆÓ ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ¿ÙˆÓ ÛÔ˘‰ÒÓ Î·È Û˘ÁÁÚ·Ê‹ Ó¤ˆÓ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÒÓ ·Î¤ÙˆÓ»

¶∞π¢∞°ø°π∫√ π¡™∆π∆√À∆√¢ËÌ‹ÙÚÈÔ˜ °. µÏ¿¯Ô˜√ÌfiÙÈÌÔ˜ ∫·ıËÁËÙ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ∞.¶.£¶Úfi‰ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘

¶Ú¿ÍË Ì ٛÙÏÔ: «™˘ÁÁÚ·Ê‹ Ó¤ˆÓ ‚È‚Ï›ˆÓ Î·È ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ˘ÔÛÙËÚÈÎÙÈÎÔ‡ ÂÎ·È‰Â˘ÙÈÎÔ‡ ̆ ÏÈÎÔ‡ Ì ‚¿ÛËÙÔ ¢∂¶¶™ Î·È Ù· ∞¶™ ÁÈ· ÙÔ ¢ËÌÔÙÈÎfi Î·È ÙÔ NËÈ·ÁˆÁ›Ի

∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi˜ À‡ı˘ÓÔ˜ ŒÚÁÔ˘°ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ∆‡·˜™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘

∞Ó·ÏËÚˆÙ‹˜ ∂ÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎfi˜ À‡ı˘ÓÔ˜ ŒÚÁÔ˘°ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ √ÈÎÔÓfiÌÔ˘™‡Ì‚Ô˘ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ¶·È‰·ÁˆÁÈÎÔ‡ πÓÛÙÈÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘

ŒÚÁÔ Û˘Á¯ÚËÌ·ÙÔ‰ÔÙÔ‡ÌÂÓÔ 75% ·fi ÙÔ ∂˘Úˆ·˚Îfi ∫ÔÈÓˆÓÈÎfi ∆·ÌÂ›Ô Î·È 25% ·fi ÂıÓÈÎÔ‡˜ fiÚÔ˘˜.

Page 3: GRAMMATIKH 001-013

À¶√Àƒ°∂π√ ∂£¡π∫∏™ ¶∞π¢∂π∞™ ∫∞𠣃∏™∫∂Àª∞∆ø¡

¶ ∞ π ¢ ∞ ° ø ° π ∫ √ π ¡ ™ ∆ π ∆ √ À ∆ √

∂ÈÚ‹ÓË ºÈÏÈ¿ÎË-Warburton ªÈ¯·‹Ï °ÂˆÚÁȷʤÓÙ˘

°ÂÒÚÁÈÔ˜ ∫ÔÙ˙fiÁÏÔ˘ ª·ÚÁ·Ú›Ù· §Ô˘Î¿

ANA¢OXO™ ™Y°°PAºH™:

OP°ANI™MO™ EK¢O™Eø™ ¢I¢AKTIKøN BIB§IøN

A£HNA

°Ú·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋EãÎ·È ™Ùã¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡

Page 4: GRAMMATIKH 001-013
Page 5: GRAMMATIKH 001-013

¶ÚfiÏÔÁÔ˜

™Ùfi¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚȉ›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÂÈ Ì ÙÚfiÔ Â˘¯¿ÚÈÛÙÔ Î·È ·ÈÁÓÈÒ‰Ë ÙÔ˘˜ ÌÈÎÚÔ‡˜ Ì·ıË-

Ù¤˜ ÛÙË Û˘ÓÂȉËÙÔÔ›ËÛË ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙËÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ̄ ·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú· Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜. ∏ ËÏÈΛ· ÙˆÓ Ì·ıËÙÒÓ, ·fi

ÙË Ì›· ÏÂ˘Ú¿, Î·È Ë Ê‡ÛË ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘ ·˘ÙÔ‡ ̂ ˜ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚȉ›Ô˘ ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿˜ (Û‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙÔ ∞Ó·Ï˘ÙÈ-

Îfi ¶ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ™Ô˘‰ÒÓ), ·fi ÙËÓ ¿ÏÏË, ηÙ‡ı˘Ó·Ó Û ÌÂÁ¿ÏÔ ‚·ıÌfi ÙȘ ÂÈÏÔÁ¤˜ Ì·˜. ™ÎÔfi˜

Ì·˜, ÏÔÈfiÓ, Â›Ó·È Ó· ÚÔÛʤÚÔ˘Ì ÛÙÔ˘˜ Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Î·È ÙÔ˘˜ ‰·ÛοÏÔ˘˜ ¤Ó· Â˘Û‡ÓÔÙÔ, ‡¯ÚËÛÙÔ

Î·È ÌÂıÔ‰ÈÎfi ‰È‰·ÎÙÈÎfi ÂÚÁ·Ï›Ô.

∆· ȉȷ›ÙÂÚ· ·˘Ù¿ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘ °Ú·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋ ∂ãÎ·È ™Ùã¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ˘·ÁfiÚÂ˘Û·Ó

οÔȘ ··Ú·›ÙËÙ˜ ·ÏÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÔÚÈṲ̂Ó˜ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈ‹ÛÂȘ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈÂ-

¯fiÌÂÓÔ ÙÔ˘ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚȉ›Ô˘ ÙfiÛÔ ·fi ÙȘ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˜ ÁψÛÛÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÌÂϤÙ˜ ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ ÁÏÒÛ-

Û· (Ô˘ ·Â˘ı‡ÓÔÓÙ·È Û ÂȉÈÎÔ‡˜) fiÛÔ Î·È ·fi ÙȘ ·Ú·‰ÔÛȷΤ˜ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈΤ˜. ŒÙÛÈ, ÁÈ· ÚÒÙË

ÊÔÚ¿ ÂÈÛ¿ÁÔÓÙ·È Û ٤ÙÔÈÔ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚ›‰ÈÔ ÎÂÊ¿Ï·È· ÁÈ· ÙËÓ ¶Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›· / ÁψÛÛÈ΋ ̄ Ú‹ÛË, ÙË ™‡-

ÓÙ·ÍË Î·È ÙË ™ËÌ·ÛÈÔÏÔÁ›·. ∂›Û˘, Û fiÏÔ ÙÔ ‚È‚Ï›Ô ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· Ó· ·ÍÈÔÔÈËıÔ‡Ó Ù· Ô-

Ú›ÛÌ·Ù· Ù˘ ÁψÛÛÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ¤Ú¢ӷ˜ Î·È ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹˜ Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ··Ú·›-

ÙËÙ· Î·È ÛÙÔÓ ‚·ıÌfi Ô˘ οÙÈ Ù¤ÙÔÈÔ Â›Ó·È ·È‰·ÁˆÁÈο ÂÊÈÎÙfi. ¶ÚÔÛʤÚÂÙ·È, ÁÈ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ÌÈ·

Ó¤· ÂÚÈÁÚ·Ê‹ ÙÔ˘ ÚËÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ (Ì ¤ÌÊ·ÛË ÛÙË ‰È¿ÎÚÈÛË ¯ÚÔÓÈ΋˜ ‚·ıÌ›‰·˜ / ÔÈÔ‡

ÂÓÂÚÁ›·˜ Î·È Ì ·ÚΤÛÙÂÚË ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙˆÓ Ù‡ˆÓ Ù˘ ˘ÔÙ·ÎÙÈ΋˜), Û˘ÓÔÙÈ΋ ÂÈÛ·ÁˆÁ‹ ÛÙËÓ

¤ÓÓÔÈ· Ù˘ ‰ÔÌ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ÊÚ¿ÛÂˆÓ Î·È ÙˆÓ ·Ú·ÁfiÓÙˆÓ Ô˘ ÂËÚ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙË ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ

Ù˘ ÚfiÙ·Û˘, Î·È Ï‹ıÔ˜ ¿ÏÏˆÓ ‚ÂÏÙÈÒÛÂˆÓ ÛÙË ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜. ∞fi ÙËÓ ¿Ï-

ÏË ÏÂ˘Ú¿, ÔÚÈṲ̂ӷ ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ÁψÛÛÈο Ê·ÈÓfiÌÂÓ· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Û ÂÍ·ÈÚÂÙÈο ·ÏÔ˘ÛÙÂ˘Ì¤-

ÓË ÌÔÚÊ‹ ÛÙÔ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚ›‰ÈÔ, ÒÛÙ ÔÈ ÌÈÎÚÔ› Ì·ıËÙ¤˜ Ó· ¿ÚÔ˘Ó ÌfiÓÔ ÌÈ· ÚÒÙË Á‡ÛË ÁÈ· ÁψÛÛÈΤ˜

¤ÓÓÔȘ ÙȘ Ôԛ˜ ı· ‰È‰·¯ıÔ‡Ó ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈÎfiÙÂÚ· Û ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚË Û¯ÔÏÈ΋ ‚·ıÌ›‰·. ŒÙÛÈ, ÁÈ· ·Ú¿-

‰ÂÈÁÌ·, ÛÙËÓ ÂÓfiÙËÙ· 3, ÂÓÒ ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ì ٷ ʈӋ̷ٷ Ù˘ ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋˜, ̄ ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈԇ̠ÙÔÓ fiÚÔ

ÊıfiÁÁÔÈ ÁÈ· Ó· ·ÔʇÁÔ˘Ì ÙË ̄ Ú‹ÛË Ù˘ ·ÊËÚË̤Ó˘ ÁψÛÛÔÏÔÁÈ΋˜ ¤ÓÓÔÈ·˜ ÊÒÓËÌ·. øÛÙfi-

ÛÔ, ‰ÂÓ ÂÍÂÙ¿˙Ô˘Ì ÏÂÙÔÌÂÚÒ˜ ÙÔ˘˜ ÊıfiÁÁÔ˘˜ Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ Ì·˜, ÁÈ·Ù› ‰Â ı¤ÏÔ˘Ì ӷ ÚÔηϤ-

ÛÔ˘Ì ۇÁ¯˘ÛË Û ̷ıËÙ¤˜ Î·È ‰·ÛοÏÔ˘˜ Ì ÙËÓ ·Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ê·ÈÓÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ·ÏÏÔʈӛ·˜.

™ÙÔ Û‡ÓÔÏfi Ù˘, Ë °Ú·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋ ∂ãÎ·È ™Ùã¢ËÌÔÙÈÎÔ‡ ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ Ù˘ Û‡Á¯ÚÔÓ˘ ·Ó¿-

Ï˘Û˘ Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜. ¢›ÓÂÈ ÚÔÙÂÚ·ÈfiÙËÙ· ÛÙË ÌÂϤÙË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÊÔÚÈÎÔ‡ ÏfiÁÔ˘ Î·È ÛÙË ¯Ú‹ÛË Ù˘

ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ ̂ ˜ ÂÚÁ·Ï›Ԣ ÛΤ„˘ Î·È ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›·˜. ŒÙÛÈ, ÙÔÓ›˙ÂÙ·È Ô ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÈÎfi˜ ̄ ·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú·˜ Ù˘

ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜, Ë ÔÔ›· ÚÔÛʤÚÂÈ ÛÙÔÓ ÔÌÈÏËÙ‹ ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó· ÂÎÊÚ¿ÛÂÈ ÙÔ Ì‹Ó˘Ì¿ ÙÔ˘ Ì ÂÓ·Ï-

5

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Ï·ÎÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜, ÁψÛÛÈο Û˘Ó·Ê›˜ ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓȷο ‰È·ÎÚÈÙÔ‡˜. ™ÙÔ Ï·›ÛÈÔ ·˘Ùfi, ÛÙfi-

¯Ô˜ ÙÔ˘ ÂÁ¯ÂÈÚȉ›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È Ó· ÂÍÔÈÎÂȈı› Ô ÌÈÎÚfi˜ Ì·ıËÙ‹˜ Ì ʷÈÓfiÌÂÓ· ÔÏ˘Ù˘›·˜ Û fiÏ· Ù· ›-

‰· ÏfiÁÔ˘ (.¯. ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ ¤ÎÊÚ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ›‰ÈˆÓ ÏÂÎÙÈÎÒÓ Ú¿ÍˆÓ, ÔÏ˘Ù˘›· ÛÙȘ

ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ηٷϋÍÂȘ ÙˆÓ ÎÏÈÙÒÓ ÌÂÚÒÓ ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÁÔ˘, ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ÙÚfiÔ˘˜ ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ·fi-

‰ÔÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ›‰ÈˆÓ Û˘ÓÙ·ÎÙÈÎÒÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÈÒÓ Î·È ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ›‰· ‡ÊÔ˘˜ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙËÓ ÂÈ-

ÎÔÈÓˆÓȷ΋ ÂÚ›ÛÙ·ÛË).

∆Ô ‚È‚Ï›Ô ·˘Ùfi ̄ ˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È Û ¤ÓÙ ̤ÚË (·. ¶Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›·, ‚. ºˆÓËÙÈ΋ – ºˆÓÔÏÔÁ›·, Á. ∫ÏÈ-

ÙÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›·, ‰. ™‡ÓÙ·ÍË, Â. ™ËÌ·ÛÈÔÏÔÁ›· – ™‡ÓıÂÛË – ¶·Ú·ÁˆÁÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›·), Ù· ÔÔ›·

¤¯Ô˘Ó ̂ ˜ ·ÊÂÙËÚ›· Ù· ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· ›‰· ÁψÛÛÈ΋˜ ·Ó¿Ï˘Û˘.

∞˜ ‰Ô‡Ì ÙÒÚ· ÙÔ˘˜ ÎÂÓÙÚÈÎÔ‡˜ ̄ ·Ú·ÎÙ‹Ú˜ ÙÔ˘ ‚È‚Ï›Ô˘:

∫È ÂÁÒ Â›Ì·È Ô µÚ·Û›‰·˜. ™˘¯Ó¿, ‚ÔËı¿ˆ ÙÔÓ √Ú¤ÛÙË Ó·

ÂÍȯÓÈ¿ÛÂÈ Ù· Ì˘ÛÙ‹ÚÈ· Ù˘ ÁÏÒÛÛ·˜ ηÈÙÔ˘ ÂÍËÁÒ ÙÔ˘˜ ηÓfiÓ˜ Ù˘

ÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈ΋˜.

∂›Ì·È Ô√Ú¤ÛÙ˘ ηÈ

ı¤Ïˆ Ó··Ó·Î·Ï‡„ˆ Ò˜

ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› Ë ÂÏÏËÓÈ΋ÁÏÒÛÛ·. ™˘¯Ó¿·Ó·ÚˆÙÈ¤Ì·È Î·È

„¿¯Óˆ. ∞Ó ‰ÂÓ Í¤Úˆ οÙÈ, ÌÂ

‚ÔËıÔ‡Ó Ô ı›ԘÌÔ˘ Î·È ÙÔ¯ÂψӿÎÈ.

∫È ÂÁÒ ÂÈÛËÌ·›Óˆ ÌÂÚÈο ‰‡ÛÎÔÏ· ÛËÌ›· ηÈ

οÔȘ ÂÍ·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ.

6

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7

¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ·

¶¶ƒƒøø∆∆√√ ªª∂∂ƒƒ√√™™ÃÃÚÚËËÛÛÈÈÌÌÔÔÔÔÈÈÒÒ ÙÙËË ÁÁÏÏÒÒÛÛÛÛ·· ÁÁÈÈ·· ÓÓ·· ÂÂÈÈÎÎÔÔÈÈÓÓˆ̂ÓÓ‹‹ÛÛˆ̂ ¶¶ÚÚ··ÁÁÌÌ··ÙÙÔÔÏÏÔÔÁÁ››·· –– °°Ïψ̂ÛÛÛÛÈÈÎ΋‹ ¯̄ÚÚ‹‹ÛÛËË

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 1: ∆È Î¿Óˆ Ì ٷ ÏfiÁÈ·; ...............................................................................................12∂‡¯ÔÌ·È, ˘fiÛ¯ÔÌ·È, ‰ËÏÒÓˆ, Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï‡ˆ, ·Ú·Î·ÏÒ – ˙ËÙÒ, ‰È·Ù¿˙ˆ –··ÁÔÚ‡ˆ, ÂÎÊÚ¿˙ˆ ÊÈÏÈ΋ Î·È Â˘ÁÂÓÈ΋ ‰È¿ıÂÛË (.¯. ¤·ÈÓÔ, Û˘Ì¿ıÂÈ·)

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 2: ¶Ò˜ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÒ ¤Ó· ΛÌÂÓÔ; ..................................................................................202.1 ∞Ó·ÁÓˆÚ›˙ˆ Ù· ›‰Ë ÙˆÓ ÎÂÈ̤ӈÓ.....................................................................................20

¶ÂÚÈÁڿʈ, ·ÊËÁԇ̷È, ‰›Óˆ Ô‰ËÁ›Â˜, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒ ÂȯÂÈÚ‹Ì·Ù· 2.2 ™˘Óı¤Ùˆ ΛÌÂÓÔ .................................................................................................................25

™˘Óı¤Ùˆ ·Ú¿ÁÚ·ÊÔ, ÎÂÈÌÂÓÈÎÔ› ‰Â›ÎÙ˜2.3 ∂ÈϤÁˆ ÙÔ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏÔ ‡ÊÔ˜ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙËÓ ÂÚ›ÛÙ·ÛË ................................................28

∂›ÛËÌÔ (Ù˘ÈÎfi) – ·Ó›ÛËÌÔ (ÔÈΛÔ) ‡ÊÔ˜2.4 ∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ıÒ Î·ÓfiÓ˜ ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ›· ................................................................................29

∫·ÓfiÓ˜ Û˘ÓÂÚÁ·Û›·˜, ηÓfiÓ˜ Û˘ÌÂÚÈÊÔÚ¿˜

¢¢∂∂ÀÀ∆∆∂∂ƒƒ√√ ªª∂∂ƒƒ√√™™ªªÈÈÏÏÒÒ Îη·ÈÈ ÁÁÚÚ¿¿Êʈ̂ -- ººııfifiÁÁÁÁÔÔÈÈ,, ÁÁÚÚ¿¿ÌÌÌÌ··ÙÙ·· Îη·ÈÈ ÛÛ˘̆ÏÏÏÏ··‚‚¤¤˜̃ººˆ̂ÓÓÔÔÏÏÔÔÁÁ››·· Îη·ÈÈ ÁÁÚÚ··ÊÊ‹‹

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 3: ¶Ò˜ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÒ Ï¤ÍÂȘ; ...........................................................................................343.1 ºıfiÁÁÔÈ ...............................................................................................................................343.2 °Ú¿ÌÌ·Ù·.............................................................................................................................39

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 4: ¶Ò˜ ÚÔʤڈ Î·È Áڿʈ ϤÍÂȘ Î·È ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ; .......................................................444.1 §¤ÍÂȘ, Û˘ÏÏ·‚¤˜, Û˘ÏÏ·‚ÈÛÌfi˜ ........................................................................................444.2 ∞·ÏÔÈÊ‹ ʈӋÂÓÙÔ˜ .........................................................................................................464.3 ∆fiÓÔ˜ Î·È ¿ÏÏ· ÔÚıÔÁÚ·ÊÈο ÛËÌ›·.................................................................................48

ŒÁÎÏÈÛË ÙÔ˘ ÙfiÓÔ˘, ‰È·Ï˘ÙÈο – ·fiÛÙÚÔÊÔ˜ – ˘Ô‰È·ÛÙÔÏ‹4.4 ™ËÌ›· ÛÙ›Í˘ ......................................................................................................................524.5 ∆ÂÏÈÎfi -Ó ..............................................................................................................................55

∆∆ƒƒππ∆∆√√ ªª∂∂ƒƒ√√™™™™¯̄ËËÌÌ··ÙÙ››˙̇ˆ̂ ÏϤ¤ÍÍÂÂÈȘ̃ ∫∫ÏÏÈÈÙÙÈÈÎ΋‹ ÌÌÔÔÚÚÊÊÔÔÏÏÔÔÁÁ››··

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 5: ¶Ò˜ Û¯ËÌ·Ù›˙ˆ ϤÍÂȘ;............................................................................................585.1 ∆· ̤ÚË ÙÔ˘ ÏfiÁÔ˘..............................................................................................................58

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5.2 ∆‡ÔÈ ÙˆÓ Ï¤ÍÂˆÓ – £¤Ì·, ηٿÏËÍË.................................................................................595.3 °¤ÓÔ˜, ·ÚÈıÌfi˜, ÙÒÛË........................................................................................................595.4 ∆· ¿ÚıÚ· .............................................................................................................................60

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 6: ªÈÏÒ ÁÈ· ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜, ˙Ò·, Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù·, ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂȘ, ηٷÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È È‰ÈfiÙËÙ˜................................................................................................................................63∆Ô Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎfi6.1 ∂›‰Ë Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ................................................................................................................646.2 ∫Ï›ÛË Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈÎÒÓ..............................................................................................................64

∞ ∞ÚÛÂÓÈο ........................................................................................................................65 ∞.1 πÛÔÛ‡ÏÏ·‚· Û -˘, -·˜, -Ô˜ ...............................................................................65 ∞.2 ∞ÓÈÛÔÛ‡ÏÏ·‚· Û -·˜, -˘, -˜, -Ô˘˜..................................................................71∞.3 ∞ÓÒÌ·Ï· ·ÚÛÂÓÈο .............................................................................................72

µ £ËÏ˘Î¿ ...........................................................................................................................73µ.1 πÛÔÛ‡ÏÏ·‚· Û -·, -Ë, -ˆ ....................................................................................73µ.2 ∞ÓÈÛÔÛ‡ÏÏ·‚· Û -·, -Ô˘ ...................................................................................78µ.3 §fiÁÈ· ÎÏ›ÛË ıËÏ˘ÎÒÓ Û -Ô˜ .............................................................................79µ.4 √˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ÎÔÈÓÔ‡ Á¤ÓÔ˘˜ .................................................................................81

° √˘‰¤ÙÂÚ·........................................................................................................................82°.1 πÛÔÛ‡ÏÏ·‚· Û -Ô, -È, -Ô˜....................................................................................82 °.2 ∞ÓÈÛÔÛ‡ÏÏ·‚· Û -Ì·, -ÈÌÔ, -˜ , -Ó, -˘ ................................................................86

¢ ∞ÓÒÌ·Ï· Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο .....................................................................................................91

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 7: ¢›Óˆ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÁÈ· ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜, ˙Ò·, Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù· Î·È Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ ................................................................................................................................93∆Ô Â›ıÂÙÔ 7.1 ∫Ï›ÛË ÂÈı¤ÙˆÓ ...................................................................................................................96

∞ ∂›ıÂÙ· Û -Ô˜, -Ë/-·, -Ô ................................................................................................96µ ∂›ıÂÙ· Û -Ô˜, -È·, -Ô....................................................................................................98° ∂›ıÂÙ· Û -‡˜, -È¿, -‡ ...................................................................................................99¢ ∂›ıÂÙ· Û -‹˜, -È¿, -› ..................................................................................................100∂ ∂›ıÂÙ· Û -˘, -·, -ÈÎÔ................................................................................................101™∆ ∂›ıÂÙ· Û -¿˜/-‹˜, -Ô‡, -¿‰ÈÎÔ/-Ô‡‰ÈÎÔ/-‹‰ÈÎÔ ...........................................................102∑ ∂›ıÂÙ· Û -ˆÓ, -Ô‡Û·, -ÔÓ Î·È Û -ˆÓ/-ÔÓ·˜, -ÔÓ.......................................................103∏ ∂›ıÂÙ· Û -‡˜, -›·, -‡ Î·È Û -˘, -˜ ......................................................................104£ ∆Ô Â›ıÂÙÔ Ôχ˜.........................................................................................................105

7.2 ÕÎÏÈÙ· ›ıÂÙ· ................................................................................................................. 105 7.3 ¶·Ú·ıÂÙÈο ÂÈı¤ÙˆÓ .......................................................................................................107

∞ µ·ıÌÔ› Û‡ÁÎÚÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÈı¤ÙˆÓ.................................................................................107µ ™˘ÁÎÚÈÙÈÎfi˜ ‚·ıÌfi˜ .....................................................................................................108° ÀÂÚıÂÙÈÎfi˜ ‚·ıÌfi˜ ....................................................................................................108¢ ∂Í·ÈÚ¤ÛÂȘ ÛÙ· ·Ú·ıÂÙÈο.........................................................................................110

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 8: ªÈÏÒ ÁÈ· ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜, ˙Ò·, Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù· Î·È Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ì ¿ÏÏÔ ÙÚfiÔ..............112 √È ·ÓÙˆÓ˘Ì›Â˜8.1 ¶ÚÔÛˆÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙˆÓ˘Ì›Â˜...................................................................................................1148.2 ∫ÙËÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙˆÓ˘Ì›Â˜.........................................................................................................1158.3 ∞˘ÙÔ·ı›˜ ·ÓÙˆÓ˘Ì›Â˜....................................................................................................1168.4 √ÚÈÛÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙˆÓ˘Ì›Â˜.......................................................................................................1178.5 ¢ÂÈÎÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙˆÓ˘Ì›Â˜........................................................................................................118 8.6 ∞Ó·ÊÔÚÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙˆÓ˘Ì›Â˜ ...................................................................................................1198.7 ∂ÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ·ÓÙˆÓ˘Ì›Â˜................................................................................................1208.8 ∞fiÚÈÛÙ˜ ·ÓÙˆÓ˘Ì›Â˜........................................................................................................121

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 9: ªÂÙÚÒ, ‰ËÏÒÓˆ ÔÛfiÙËÙ· Î·È ÛÂÈÚ¿ ....................................................................122∆· ·ÚÈıÌËÙÈο9.1 ∞fiÏ˘Ù· ·ÚÈıÌËÙÈο..........................................................................................................123

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9.2 ∆·ÎÙÈο ·ÚÈıÌËÙÈο............................................................................................................1249.3 ¶ÔÏÏ·Ï·ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ·ÚÈıÌËÙÈο .........................................................................................1279.4 ∞Ó·ÏÔÁÈο ·ÚÈıÌËÙÈο .......................................................................................................1289.5 ¶ÂÚÈÏËÙÈο ·ÚÈıÌËÙÈο ....................................................................................................128

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 10: ∫¿Óˆ οÙÈ, ·ı·›Óˆ οÙÈ ‹ ‚Ú›ÛÎÔÌ·È Û ÌÈ· ηٿÛÙ·ÛË ...................................130∆Ô Ú‹Ì·10.1 °ÂÓÈο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο.....................................................................................................131

∞ ¶ÚfiÛˆÔ Î·È ·ÚÈıÌfi˜ ................................................................................................131µ ¶ÔÈfiÓ ÂÓÂÚÁ›·˜ Î·È ¯ÚfiÓÔÈ.......................................................................................131° ºˆÓ‹ Î·È ÌÂÙ·‚·ÙÈÎfiÙËÙ· ..........................................................................................138¢ ŒÁÎÏÈÛË ......................................................................................................................141

10.2 ∫Ï›ÛË ÙÔ˘ Ú‹Ì·ÙÔ˜............................................................................................................142∞ ∆Ô Ú‹Ì· ¤¯ˆ...............................................................................................................143µ ∞ã Û˘˙˘Á›·..................................................................................................................144° µã Û˘˙˘Á›· ..................................................................................................................149¢ ™¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌfi˜ ÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Û -¿Áˆ, -‚¿Ïψ ...................................................................153∂ ™˘ÓËÚË̤ӷ Ú‹Ì·Ù·...................................................................................................155™∆ ∂ÏÏÂÈÙÈο, ·ÚfiÛˆ· & ·ÓÒÌ·Ï· Ú‹Ì·Ù· ..............................................................155

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 11: ¢›Óˆ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÁÈ· ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘˜, ˙Ò·, Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù· Î·È Î·Ù·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ì ¤Ó·Ó ·ÎfiÌË ÙÚfiÔ ..........................................................................................158√È ÌÂÙÔ¯¤˜11.1 ∫ÏÈÙ‹ ÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ....................................................................................................................16011.2 ÕÎÏÈÙË ÌÂÙÔ¯‹ ..................................................................................................................160

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 12: ¢›Óˆ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ ÁÈ· ÌÈ· ÂÓ¤ÚÁÂÈ· ‹ ηٿÛÙ·ÛË .....................162∆Ô Â›ÚÚËÌ·12.1 ∂›‰Ë ÂÈÚÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ............................................................................................................16312.2 ∂ÈÚÚ‹Ì·Ù· Û -· Î·È -ˆ˜ ................................................................................................16412.3 ¶·Ú·ıÂÙÈο ÂÈÚÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ................................................................................................165

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 13: ¢ËÏÒÓˆ Û¯¤ÛÂȘ ·Ó¿ÌÂÛ· Û ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ...............................................................167∏ ÚfiıÂÛË13.1 ∞Ϥ˜ Î·È Û‡ÓıÂÙ˜ ÚÔı¤ÛÂȘ .......................................................................................16713.2 §fiÁȘ ÚÔı¤ÛÂȘ.............................................................................................................168

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 14: ¶Ò˜ ÂÓÒÓˆ ϤÍÂȘ, ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ;.......................................................169™‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔÈ Î·È ÌfiÚÈ·14.1 ™‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔÈ.........................................................................................................................169

∞ ¶·Ú·Ù·ÎÙÈÎÔ› Û‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔÈ .............................................................................................170µ ™‡Ó‰ÂÛÌÔÈ Ô˘ ÂÈÛ¿ÁÔ˘Ó ÂÍ·ÚÙË̤Ó˜ ‰Â˘ÙÂÚ‡ԢÛ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ..........................171

14.2 ªfiÚÈ·................................................................................................................................171

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 15: ¶Ò˜ ‰ËÏÒÓˆ Û˘Ó·ÈÛı‹Ì·Ù·; ...............................................................................173∂ÈʈӋ̷ٷ

∆∆∂∂∆∆∞∞ƒƒ∆∆√√ ªª∂∂ƒƒ√√™™™™˘̆ÓÓıı¤¤ÙÙˆ̂ ÊÊÚÚ¿¿ÛÛÂÂÈȘ̃ Îη·ÈÈ ÚÚÔÔÙÙ¿¿ÛÛÂÂÈȘ̃ ™™‡‡ÓÓÙÙ··ÍÍËË

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 16: ¶Ò˜ Û˘Óı¤Ùˆ ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ Î·È ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ; ................................................................17616.1 ªÂ ÙËÓ ÚfiÙ·ÛË Û˘Ó‰¤ˆ ‰‡Ô ÊÚ¿ÛÂȘ ...........................................................................17616.2 ∆· ›‰Ë ÙˆÓ ÊÚ¿ÛÂˆÓ ......................................................................................................181

∞ √ÓÔÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÊÚ¿ÛË.......................................................................................................181

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µ ƒËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÊÚ¿ÛË .........................................................................................................182° ¶ÚÔıÂÙÈ΋ ÊÚ¿ÛË .......................................................................................................184¢ ∂ÈÚÚËÌ·ÙÈ΋ ÊÚ¿ÛË ..................................................................................................184

16.3 ∆· ›‰Ë ÙˆÓ ÚÔÙ¿ÛˆÓ...................................................................................................185A •Â¯ˆÚ›˙ˆ ÙȘ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ Ì ‚¿ÛË Ù· Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈο ÙÔ˘˜ ..............................................185

∞.1 ∏ ÛÂÈÚ¿ ÙˆÓ Û˘ÛÙ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Ù˘ ·Ï‹˜ ÚfiÙ·Û˘................................................188 µ •Â¯ˆÚ›˙ˆ ÙȘ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ·Ó ÂÍ·ÚÙÒÓÙ·È ·fi ¿ÏϘ ‹ fi¯È ..............190

16.4 ∂Í·ÚÙË̤Ó˜ / ‰Â˘ÙÂÚ‡ԢÛ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ......................................................................192∞ ∂ȉÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ......................................................................................................192µ ¶Ï¿ÁȘ ÂÚˆÙËÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ.............................................................................193° µÔ˘ÏËÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ...............................................................................................193¢ ∂Ó‰ÔÈ·ÛÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ............................................................................................194∂ ∞Ó·ÊÔÚÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ..............................................................................................195™∆ ÀÔıÂÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ ...............................................................................................196∑ ÃÚÔÓÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ...................................................................................................196∏ ∞ÈÙÈÔÏÔÁÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ .............................................................................................197£ ∂Ó·ÓÙȈ̷ÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ – ·Ú·¯ˆÚËÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ.........................................198π ∆ÂÏÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ .....................................................................................................199π∞ ∞ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ‹ Û˘ÌÂÚ·ÛÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ÚÔÙ¿ÛÂȘ....................................................199

16.5 ∂˘ı‡˜ – Ï¿ÁÈÔ˜ ÏfiÁÔ˜ ...................................................................................................200

¶¶∂∂ªª¶¶∆∆√√ ªª∂∂ƒƒ√√™™µµÚÚ››ÛÛÎΈ̂ ÙÙÈȘ̃ ÛÛ¯̄¤¤ÛÛÂÂÈȘ̃ ÙÙˆ̂ÓÓ ÏϤ¤Í͈̂ÓÓ¶¶··ÚÚ··ÁÁˆ̂ÁÁÈÈÎ΋‹ ÌÌÔÔÚÚÊÊÔÔÏÏÔÔÁÁ››·· –– ™™‡‡ÓÓııÂÂÛÛËË –– ™™ËËÌÌ··ÛÛÈÈÔÔÏÏÔÔÁÁ››··

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 17: ¶Ò˜ ÊÙÈ¿¯Óˆ Ӥ˜ ϤÍÂȘ; ...................................................................................202¶·Ú·ÁˆÁÈ΋ ÌÔÚÊÔÏÔÁ›· – ™‡ÓıÂÛË17.1 ¶·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹ ........................................................................................................................20317.2 ™‡ÓıÂÛË............................................................................................................................20617.3 ∞ÚÎÙÈÎfiÏÂÍ· – ™˘ÓÙÔÌÔÁڷʛ˜ ......................................................................................207

∂ÓfiÙËÙ· 18: TÈ ÛËÌ·›ÓÔ˘Ó ÔÈ Ï¤ÍÂȘ; ........................................................................................209√È ÛË̷ۛ˜ ÙˆÓ Ï¤ÍˆÓ18.1 ∫˘ÚÈÔÏÂÍ›· – ªÂÙ·ÊÔÚ¿ .................................................................................................20918.2 ™˘ÓÒÓ˘Ì· – ∞ÓÙÒÓ˘Ì· (·ÓÙ›ıÂÙ·).................................................................................. 21018.3 √ÌÒÓ˘Ì· – ¶·ÚÒÓ˘Ì· ....................................................................................................21018.4 ¶ÔχÛËÌ· ........................................................................................................................211

¶¶··ÚÚ··ÚÚÙÙ‹‹ÌÌ··ÙÙ··∞. ¶›Ó·Î·˜ ·ÓÒÌ·ÏˆÓ ÚËÌ¿ÙˆÓ ...............................................................................................213µ. °ÏˆÛÛ¿ÚÈ ..............................................................................................................................217

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¶Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÔÏÔÁ›· - °ÏˆÛÛÈ΋ ¯Ú‹ÛËXÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒ ÙË ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ‹Ûˆ¶ƒø∆√ ª∂ƒ√™

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12

∆È Î¿Óˆ Ì ٷ ÏfiÁÈ·;EENNOOTTHHTTAA 11

∆È ·Ú¿ÍÂÓÔ Ú¿ÁÌ· Ô˘ ›ӷÈË ÁÏÒÛÛ·! ŸÏÔÈ ÁÂÓÓÈfiÌ·ÛÙÂÌ ·˘Ù‹…

M ÙË ÁÏÒÛÛ· ·ÊËÁԇ̷ÛÙÂÁÂÁÔÓfiÙ· ‹ ÂÚÈÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ÌÂÚfiÛˆ·, ˙Ò· Î·È Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù·. ∞ÏÏ¿ Ì ÙË ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÌÔÚÒ Â›Û˘ Ó· οӈ

Ú¿ÁÌ·Ù·: Ó· ηϤۈ ÙÔ˘˜ Ê›ÏÔ˘˜ ÌÔ˘, Ó·ÙÔ˘˜ ¢¯ËıÒ, Ó· ˘ÔÛ¯ÂıÒ Î¿ÙÈ ÛÙË Ì·Ì¿ÌÔ˘, Ó· ‰ÒÛˆ Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¤˜ ÛÙË ÌÈÎÚ‹ ÌÔ˘·‰ÂÚÊ‹, Ó· Ù˘ ˙ËÙ‹Ûˆ Ó· οÓÂÈ Î¿ÙÈ Î·È –ÙÔÛÔ˘‰·ÈfiÙÂÚÔ– Ó· Ù˘ ··ÁÔÚ‡ۈ Ó·Ì·›ÓÂÈ ÛÙÔ ‰ˆÌ¿ÙÈÔ ÌÔ˘ ¯ˆÚ›˜ Ó· ÌÂÚˆÙ‹ÛÂÈ. ∫¿ı ÊÔÚ¿ Ô˘ Ì·›ÓÂÈ Ê¤ÚÓÂÈηٷÛÙÚÔÊ‹!

…ÙË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈԇ̠οıÂÛÙÈÁÌ‹, Ì ·˘Ù‹ ÛÎÂÊÙfiÌ·ÛÙÂÎ·È ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓԇ̠̠ÙÔ˘˜Á‡Úˆ Ì·˜.

∞˜ ÌÈÏ‹ÛÔ˘Ì ÏÔÈfiÓ ÁÈ· ÙȘ ÏÂÎÙÈΤ˜ Ú¿ÍÂȘ: ™˘¯Ó¿, ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡-Ì ÙË ÁÏÒÛÛ· fi¯È ÌfiÓÔ ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÚÈÁÚ¿„Ô˘Ì ڿÁÌ·Ù· ‹ Ó· ·ÊËÁË-ıÔ‡ÌÂ, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÁÈ· Ó· οÓÔ˘Ì ·ÔÙÂÏÂÛÌ·ÙÈο ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ Ú¿ÍÂȘ(.¯. Ó· ¢¯ËıÔ‡ÌÂ, Ó· Û˘Ì‚Ô˘Ï¤„Ô˘ÌÂ, Ó· ˘ÔÛ¯Âıԇ̠οÙÈ).

M·Ì¿!

O OÚ¤ÛÙ˘̛ÏËÛÂ!

Ta aÔÁ‡̷ٷËÁ·›Óˆ ÛÙ·

Í·‰¤ÏÊÈ· ÌÔ˘ ÌÂÙÔ Î·ÈÓÔ‡ÚÈÔÌÔ˘ Ú¿ÛÈÓÔÔ‰‹Ï·ÙÔ.

Page 13: GRAMMATIKH 001-013

XÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÒ ÙË ÁÏÒÛÛ· ÁÈ· Ó· ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ‹Ûˆ

13

∂∂‡‡¯̄ÔÔÌÌ··ÈÈ

™Ù¤ÊÂÙ·È Ô ‰Ô‡ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ £ÂÔ‡ ∫ˆÓÛÙ·ÓÙ›ÓÔ˜

ÙË ‰Ô‡ÏË ÙÔ˘ £ÂÔ‡ ¢·Ó¿Ë...

µ·Ù›˙ÂÙ·È Ô ‰Ô‡ÏÔ˜ ÙÔ˘£ÂÔ‡ √Ú¤ÛÙ˘.

∂ÁηÈÓÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È ÙÔ ˘ÂڈοÓÈÔ™∞¡∆√ƒπ¡∏.

¡· ¯·›ÚÂÛ·È ÙÔÓ Ì·Ì¿ÛÔ˘, √Ú¤ÛÙË. ∫ÒÛÙ· ‰ÂÓ

ÙÔÓ Ï¤ÓÂ;

™ÙË ÁÏÒÛÛ· Ì·˜ ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÔÏϤ˜ ¢¯¤˜, ·ÏÏ¿·˘Ù¤˜ ÙȘ ͤڈ ÎÈ ÂÁÒ!

∫·Ïfi ™·‚‚·ÙÔ·ÚÈ·ÎÔ! ∫·Ï‹ ‚‰ÔÌ¿‰·! ∫·Ïfi Ì‹Ó·!∫·Ïfi ¯ÂÈÌÒÓ·! ∫·Ïfi ηÏÔη›ÚÈ! ∫·Ïfi ÌÂÛË̤ÚÈ! ∫·Ïfi ·fiÁÂ˘Ì·! ∫·Ïfi ‚Ú¿‰˘! ∫·Ï‹ fiÚÂÍË! ∫·Ï‹ ÍÂÎÔ‡Ú·ÛË! ∫·Ïfi Ì¿ıËÌ·! ∫·Ï¤˜ ‰È·ÎÔ¤˜! ∫·Ï¿ ÃÚÈÛÙÔ‡ÁÂÓÓ·! ∂˘Ù˘¯ÈṲ̂ÓÔ˜ Ô Î·ÈÓÔ‡ÚÈÔ˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜!