grillo, rosa maria. emigracion italiana a las americas

8/17/2019 Grillo, Rosa Maria. Emigracion Italiana a Las Americas

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66Revista Hispanista Escandinava, núm. 2, enero 2013. ISSN: 2001-4538

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33 Fundador del sionismo, en 1895 escribió su Judenstaat , manifiesto fundacional del sionismo político.34 Podemos recordar el “Regio decreto d’emancipazione” de los no-católicos de 1848 (dirigido expresamente a

las comunidades judía y valdense) con el que Carlo Alberto de Saboya reconocía plenos derechos civiles a lasminorías religiosas: esto permitió la total adhesión de los judíos al proyecto unificador del Reino de Piamonte yluego su identificación con el Reino de Italia.


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35 Era un momento difícil de la historia uruguaya moderna, en plena transición, ya que los partidos habían sidolegalizados en 1980 pero las primeras elecciones ‘libres’ tuvieron lugar recién en noviembre de 1984, con la

elección de Julio María Sanguinetti.36 Texto inédito, de 13 hojas mecanografiadas, presente en la Biblioteca del Instituto ItaloLatinoAmericano deRoma.


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40 “En mi obra, me opongo franca y decididamente a la inmigración inferior europea, que reputo desastrosa paralos destinos a que legítimamente puede y debe aspirar la República Argentina; y no es sin pena que he leído laidea del primer magistrado de la Nación consignada en su último Mensaje al Congreso de costear el viaje a losinmigrantes que lo solicitaren”, escribe el autor en el Prólogo.41 “El cocoliche es un fenómeno lingüístico derivado del contacto entre los grupos emigrantes de diversasnaciones en Argentina y la población nativa de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Los que se considera como cocolichereal usado por los inmigrantes su sistema de base es el italiano o el dialéctico, pero el cocoliche literario -utilizado tanto en el sainete como en el grotesco- los elementos italianos vienen insertos en el sistema delespañol rioplatense de los escritores argentinos aunque de origen italiano, que imitan el modo de hablar de los

inmigrantes pero conservando su propia lengua” (BADAUNRC 2008: 2).42 “El grotesco aparece como la interiorización del sainete […] como el barroco del sainete, como el sainetedialectizado, como el grotesco del proyecto liberal” (VIÑAS 1997: 11 y 17).


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43En 1943 Standard Oil New Jersey y Shell firman un acuerdo con el gobierno venezolano, mediante el cual los beneficios de la industria petrolera se repartirían por igual entre el Estado y las concesionarias, multiplicando por seis los ingresos petroleros de la nación. Así el país entra en una etapa de crecimiento con transformacionessocioeconómicas espectaculares. En 1958 la caída del Presidente Pérez Jiménez, la primera crisis petrolera con

bajas continuas en los precios y creciente descontento entre los países exportadores, la convicción de que alritmo de producción de la época el petróleo venezolano alcanzaría sólo para unos 16 años, hicieron que elgobierno decidiera que las concesiones no fueran prolongadas. Todo esto significó el fin de una época y de una

ilusión para muchos inmigrados (cfr. PERDOMO).44 La siguiente época democrática de Rómulo Betancourt no parece ofrecer muchas garantías a la comunidaditaliana de inmigrados, y empieza el proceso inverso de regreso.


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grillo, rosa maria. emigracion italiana a las americas

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