guriis sajaro skolebis gatbobis sistemis, bufetebisa da … · 2019. 7. 5. · bavsvta uflebebis...

ozurgeTi2011 — 2013

`axalgazrda pedagogTa kavSiri~

guriis sajaro skolebis gaTbobis sistemis,

bufetebisa da eleqtrificirebis

monitoringis angariSi

monitoringis angariSebi:

bavSvTa uflebebis monitoringi (gaTbobis sistemis funqcionireba

guriis sajaro skolebSi)

saskolo bufetebisa da saswavlo garemos ganaTebis (eleqtrificirebis)

monitoringi guriis sajaro skolebSi



bavSvTa uflebebis monitoringi (gaTbobis sistemis funqcionireba

guriis sajaro skolebSi)

ozurgeTi2011 – 2013


sarCevi

1. mokle informacia ganxorcielebuli monitoringis Sesaxeb 51.1. zogadi nawili 51.2 monitoringis geografia 61.3. monitoringis Catarebis meTodologia 8

2. ZiriTadi nawili 102.1. skolebi saqarTveloSi 102.2. monitoringis Sedegebi 122.3. saerTo daskvnebi 182.4. rekomendaciebi 18

danarTebis CamonaTvali 19Senobis gaTbobisTvis saWiro sawvavis xarjis gaangariSebis sqema 19

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1. mokle informacia ganxorcielebuli monitoringis Sesaxeb

1.1. zogadi nawili

saqarTvelo 1994 wlis 21 aprilidan SeuerTda bavSvis ufle-baTa konvencias, romlis 28-e muxli deklarirebs: monawile saxelmwifoebi aRiareben, rom bavSvs aqvs ganaTlebis ufleba da Tanabari SesaZleblobebis safuZvelze am uflebis TandaTa-nobiT ganxorcielebis mizniT isini:

`b) xels uwyoben rogorc zogadi, ise profesiuli saSualo ganaTlebis sxvadasxva formebis ganviTarebas, uzrunvelyofen yvela bavSvisaTvis maT xelmisawvdomobas da Rebuloben iseT aucilebel zomebs, rogoricaa ufaso ganaTlebis SemoReba da aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi finansuri daxmarebis gaweva;

e) Rebuloben zomebs skolebSi regularuli daswrebis xel-Sesawyobad da skolidan ganTesil moswavleTa ricxvis Sesamci-reblad~.

deklarirebuli uflebidan gamomdinare, saxelmwifos aRe-buli aqvs moswavleTa regularuli daswrebis xelSewyobis val-debuleba, rac upirvelesad gulisxmobs, Tu rogori saswavlo garemoa Seqmnili skolaSi. saswavlo garemos bevri faqtori gansazRvravs, magram Cven mier am etapze gamoyofil iqna saja-ro skolebis gaTboba.

monitoringis mizani iyo, gamogvevlina, ramdenad aris dacu-li sajaro skolebSi bavSvTa uflebebis konvenciis 28-e muxl-Si deklarirebuli sakiTxebi, anu Seqmnilia Tu ara skolebSi regularuli daswrebis xelSemwyobi pirobebi zamTris TveebSi.

miznidan gamomdinare, `axalgazrda pedagogTa kavSirma~ ga-naxorciela gaTbobis sistemis funqcionirebis monitoringi guriis samive municipalitetis 25 sajaro skolaSi, rac or saswavlo wels, gaTbobis or sezons moicavda. monitoringis procesi mimdinareobda 2011 wlis 1 dekembridan 2013 wlis 30

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ianvramde da mis ganxorcielebaSi ozurgeTis `axalgazrda pe-dagogTa kavSirTan~ erTad amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mSvi-dobis korpusis warmomadgenelic monawileobda.

pirvel saswavlo wels (2011-2012) ganxorcielda sruli mo-nitoringi, romelic, ZiriTadad, sami etapisagan Sedgeboda:

pirvel etapze: • Camoyalibdamonitoringisindikatorebi;• momzaddamonitoringisganxorcielebisinstrumentebi;gani-

sazRvra kvlevis geografia, meTodologia, samizne skolebi.

meore etapze:• Seswavlil iqna sajaro skolebidan da resurscentrebidan

gamoTxovnili oficialuri informacia; • momzaddakiTxvariskolebSigaTbobissistemisfunqcioni-

rebis monitoringisaTvis da Catarda 438 beneficiaris anke-tireba;

• Catardafokus-jgufisSexvedramSoblebTan,rissaSualebi-Tac Segrovda damatebiTi xarisxobrivi informacia sajaro skolebis winaSe mdgari problemebis Sesaxeb.

mesame etapze: • gaanalizda mopovebuli informacia, SPSS-is saSualebiT da-

muSavda anketirebis Sedegebi, SemuSavda rekomendaciebi da momzadda monitoringis angariSi. meore saswavlo wels (2012-2013) informacia ganmeorebiT

iqna gamoTxovnili da ganxorcielda misi Sedareba wina wlis monacemebTan.

1.2 monitoringis geografia

monitoringi ganxorcielda guriis regionis sam munici-palitetSi. informaciis maqsimaluri sizustis uzrunvel-yofis mizniT municipalitetebSi arsebuli yvela sajaro skolidan (100-mde sajaro skola) SerCeul iqna Semdegi 25 skola:

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# skolis dasaxeleba municipaliteti skolis direqtori

1 ozurgeTis #1 sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

maia TavarTqilaZe


marina jafariZe


nana gagua


tariel kalandaZe


meri sabaSvili

6 vakijvris sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

ana gedevanova

7 Semoqmedis sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

nino sadraZe

8 baxvis sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

mzia vaSalomiZe

9 cxemlisxidis sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

lali siWinava

10 gaRma dvabzus sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

ciuri gogiberiZe

11 baileTis sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

mzevinar xavTasi

12 meriis sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

avTo keWaymaZe

13 lixauris sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

nato saluqvaZe

14 makvaneTis sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

amiran ToiZe

15 gurianTis sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

maia malazonia

16 meleqeduris sajaro skola ozurgeTis municipaliteti

naTela ToxaZe

17 lanCxuTis #1 sajaro skola lanCxuTis municipaliteti

Tamaz kilaZe


irine SarabiZe


maia jimSeleiSvili

20 SuxuTis sajaro skola lanCxuTis municipaliteti

iakob fircxalaiSvili

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21 lesis sajaro skola lanCxuTis municipaliteti

nana TavdiSvili

22 Coxatauris #1 sajaro skola Coxatauris municipaliteti

xaTuna wilosani

23 Suaganaxlebis sajaro skola Coxatauris municipaliteti

samson jibuti

24 xidisTavis sajaro skola Coxatauris municipaliteti

ioseb megreliZe

25 Caisubnis sajaro skola Coxatauris municipaliteti

malvina osefaiSvili

monitoringis pirvel wels skolebi SeirCa Semdeg kriteriu-mebze dayrdnobiT: a) kontingenti – gaTvaliswinebul iqna skolis moswavleTa

raodenoba da samizne skolebad SerCeul iqna rogorc maRa-lkontingentiani, aseve dabalkontingentiani skolebi.

b) geografiuli mdebareoba _ skolebi SerCeul iqna maTi geo-grafiuli specifikis gaTvaliswinebiTac. magaliTad, erTi skola ganlagebulia maRalmTian zonaSi, meore warmoadgens tipur agraruli zonis skolas, mesame _ urbanuli dasaxle-bisas.

d) gaTbobis sistemis tipi – anu skolebis SerCevisas gaviTva-liswineT, Tu gaTbobis ra sistema funqcionirebs skolaSi (bunebrivi airi, SeSis Rumeli, eleqtroenergia, dizelis sawvavi).

meore wels monitoringi, cvlilebebis ukeT analizis mizniT, imave skolebSi Catarda.

1.3. monitoringis Catarebis meTodologia

monitoringis procesSi da angariSis momzadebisas gamoye-nebul iqna Semdegi meTodebi: dokumentaciis analizi, benefi-ciarTa anketireba, fokus-jgufis Sexvedra da internetkvleva.

a) gamoTxovnil dokumentebze muSaoba monitoringis jgufis wevrebis mier Seswavlil iqna SerCeuli sajaro skolebi-dan orive saswavlo wels gamoTxovnili Semdegi infor-macia:

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• SenobissasargeblofarTi• skolismoswavleebisraodenoba• moswavleTagacdenebisstatistikaTiToTvisganmavlobaSi• maswavlebelTagacdenebisstatistikaTiToTvisganmavlo-

baSi• skolisbiujetebi

b) beneficiarTa anketireba sociologiuri gamokiTxvis aRniSnuli meTodis gamoyenebiT

Cven mier Seswavlil iqna skolis momxmarebelTa sami ZiriTadi tipi: moswavleebi, maswavlebelebi da mSoblebi. anketis mom-zadebisas, ZiriTadad, daxuruli tipis kiTxvebi iqna gamoye-nebuli. anketaSi gaTvaliswinebuli gvqonda e.w. sakontrolo kiTxva, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevda, gagvezoma, Tu ramdenad gulwrfelad iyo Sevsebuli anketa.

TiToeuli skolidan SerCeul iqna 18 gamosakiTxi responden-ti (6 moswavle, 6 maswavlebeli da 6 mSobeli). maswavlebelTa da mSobelTa anketirebas Cven TviTon vatarebdiT; rac Seexeba moswavleTa anketirebas, am SemTxvevaSi daxmarebas gviwevdnen skolebSi arsebuli moswavleTa TviTmmarTvelobis warmomad-genlebi.

g) fokus-jgufiCatarda erTi fokus-jgufis Sexvedra monitoringis proces-

Si CarTuli skolebis moswavleTa mSoblebis monawileobiT. fokus-jgufis mizani iyo sajaro skolebSi gaTbobis siste-

mis funqcionirebis monitoringisas Catarebuli anketirebis monacemebis gadamowmeba; skolebis gaTbobasTan dakavSirebuli realuri situaciis Seswavla; mSobelTa anketirebisas gamovle-nili pasiurobis mizezebis dadgena.

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2. ZiriTadi nawili

`Cven saqarTvelos skolebis 90%-ze meti gavaremonteT. me SesaZlebloba meZleva, vTqva, rom saqarTveloSi yvela

skolas gaaCnia individualuri centraluri gaTbobis sistema da SemiZlia, gavixseno is dro, roca prezidenti gavxdi.

am periodisaTvis ar arsebobda sajaro skola, romelsac centraluri gaTbobis sistema gaaCnda~.

mixeil saakaSvili2010 wlis 3 seqtemberi (qarTul-Turquli

skolis gaxsnis ceremonia baTumSi)

2.1. skolebi saqarTveloSi

miuxedavad imisa, rom ganaTlebis reforma intensiurad mi-mdinareobs, regionebSi arsebuli sajaro skolebis winaSe mra-vali problema dgas, romlebic, ZiriTadad, infrastruqturis mowesrigebas exeba. ase, magaliTad:• sasmeliwylisproblema;• merxebisada,zogadad,inventarissiZvele;• mouwesrigebeliasveliwertilebi;• sveliwertilebimdebareobsskolisezoSi;• mouwesrigebuliRobe;• skolasargaaCnia(arfunqcionirebs)kvebisbloki.

zemoT moyvanili CamonaTvali, sabednierod, yvela regionsa da yvela skolas ar exeba, magram skolebis mwiri dafinanseba mainc ar iZleva imis saSualebas, rom skolebma damoukideblad moawesrigon infrastruqturuli sakiTxebi. marTalia, zogier-Ti skola amzadebs proeqtebs da eZebs donorebs problemebis gadasaWrelad, magram maTi ricxvi metad mcirea.

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saxelmwifo programebis mixedviT, skolebis infrastruqtu-ris sruli mowesrigeba SesaZlebelia ramdenime weliwads gaWia-nurdes, radganac is etapobrivad xorcieldeba. aRniSnulis sailustraciod guriis regionis magaliTic gamodgeba, sadac 100-mde sajaro skolidan sruli reabilitacia mxolod oTxs Cautarda, danarCenebi ki nawilobriv garemontda. skolebSi, ZiriTadad, Seicvala fanjrebi (samwuxarod, arc erT skolaSi ar aris framugiani fanjrebi, romlebic aucilebelia zamTarSi haeris gasaniaveblad) da saxuravebi.

Cven mier Seswavlili skolebis umetesobaSi (62%) jer ki-dev SeSis RumlebiT Tbebian. am kategorias, ZiriTadad, so-flis skolebi miekuTvneba, Tumca monitoringis dros Ser-Ceuli qalaqis tipis 9 skolidan mxolod 6-Sia damontaJebu-li bunebriv airze momuSave centraluri gaTbobis sistema (monitoringis meore wels bunebrivi airis momxmarebeli sko-lebis raodenoba mxolod erTiT (7.41 %) gaizarda). Seswavli-li skolebidan orSi ki SeSasTan erTad gasaTbobad eleq-troenergiasac iyeneben.

gaTbobis sistemis tipis Sesabamisad, arsebuli problemebic or ZiriTad jgufad SeiZleba daiyos:

pirveli: skolebi, romlebSic centraluri gaTboba bune-briv airzea, zamTarSi eleqtroenergiis xSiri gaTiSvis gamo ver uzrunvelyofen siTbos skolaSi. calke ganxilvis Temaa uxarisxod damontaJebuli gaTbobis sistema aseTi tipis sko-lebSi.

meore: metad mZimea mdgomareoba skolebSi, romlebSic pro-blemas warmoadgens Tunuqis RumeliTa da SeSiT gaTbobis sis-tema; Tanac ar arsebobs cecxlfareSis Stati. amitom Rumelis danTebas erTi gakveTili eTmoba da, Sesabamisad, is cdeba. xSi-rad soflis skolebis moswavleebs uwevT didi manZilis gavla skolamde. zamTris periodSi sveli, gayinuli bavSvebi pirvel gakveTilze jer kidev civ saklaso oTaxSi imyofebian. aRniSnu-lis dadastureba SesaZlebelia anketirebisas dasmul SekiTxva-ze miRebuli pasuxebis analiziT. gamokiTxulTa 43,84 % ambobs, rom pirvel gakveTilze rogorc moswavleebi, ise maswavleble-bi qurTukebiT sxedan.

zemoT Tqmulidan gamomdinare, didi qalaqebis skolebTan SedarebiT, regionebis skolebis konkurentunarianoba erovnul gamocdebze Tu olimpiadebSi dabalia; Sesabamisi infrastruq-

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turis ararsebobis gamo bavSvTa ZiriTadi uflebebis (usafr-Txo garemo, jansaRi cxovrebis wesis danergva, xarisxiani ga-naTlebis miReba) dacva rTuldeba.

2.2. monitoringis Sedegebi

monitoringis Sedegebis detalurad gacnobamde erTmniS-vnelovnad SeiZleba Semdegi daskvna gakeTdes: zamTris Tveeb-Si swavla-swavlebis procesi droSi gacilebiT SezRuduli da naklebad aqtiuria. gamokiTxulTa 31-mde procenti ambobs, rom wlis am dros gakveTilebis xangrZlivoba da raodenoba Semcirda.

zemoT moyvanili daskvnis argumentirebis mizniT moviSvelie-bT skolebidan gamoTxovnili gacdenebis oficialur statis-tikas. rogorc diagramidan Cans, orive saswavlo wlis seqtem-bris Semdeg matulobs gacdenebis raodenoba (aRsaniSnavia, rom dekemberi `mokle~ Tvea, radganac zamTris ardadegebi 24 dekem-bers iwyeba).

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saintereso suraTs iZleva maswavlebelTa gacdenebis sta-tistikac.

2012-2013 saswavlo wlebSi maswavlebelTa gacdenebis raode-noba (28 saaTi) naklebia, magram ismis kiTxva: xom ar aris es si-mcire gamowveuli mandaturebis uflebamosilebis SemcirebiT da aRricxvianobis moSliT?

monitoringma saSualeba mogvca, gagvekeTebina aseve mniSvne-lovani daskvna: skolebi mkveTrad gansxvavebul pirobebSi imyo-febian.

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argumentirebisTvis moviSveliebT skolebidan mowodebu-li oficialuri informaciis analizs, romelic diagramis saxiTaa warmodgenili (skolebis dasaxelebebi Segnebulad ar mivuTiTeT).

rogorc diagramidan Cans, erT dReze gaTvlili xarji mkve-Trad gansxvavebulia da meryeobs 94.51 laridan (max), 7.14 la-ramde (min) 2011-2012 saswavlo wels, xolo 109.89 laridan 8.79 laramde _ 2012-2013 saswavlo wels.

mowodebuli monacemebis analizma gviCvena, rom 8 skola, sa-dac gaTbobis sistema bunebriv airzea, xarjavs TiTqmis 2-jer mets, vidre 17 skola, sadac gaTboba SeSazea.

mkveTrad gansxvavebuli xarjebi gvxvdeba im skolebs Soris, romlebic sawvavad SeSas moixmaren da maTSi moswavleTa raode-nobac TiTqmis erTnairia.

Semdegi diagrama asaxavs zamTris ganmavlobaSi dRiurad erT moswavleze gamoyofili gaTbobisTvis saWiro Tanxis si-dides, romelic 2011-2012 saswavlo wels saSualod 16 TeTri gamovida, xolo 2012-2013 wels 3 TeTriT gaizarda. xarjis mkveTri gansxvaveba, ra Tqma unda, am diagramazec gamoCnda. Sesabamisad, SegviZlia, davaskvnaT, rom arsebobs skolebi, romlebic erTi moswavlis gaTbobaze dReSi 42 TeTrs xarja-ven, maSin, roca sxva skolebSi gasaTbobad mxolod 7 TeTri ixarjeba.

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gaTbobis xarjebs Soris aseTi mkveTri gansxvavebebis gamo, SevecadeT, gagvekeTebina analizi skolis Senobis farTobis mixedviT; sezonze skolis gasaTbobad gamoyofili Tanxis si-dide gavyaviT skolis Senobis sasargeblo farTobis monace-mze. samwuxarod, dafinansebis kanonzomierebis dadgena aqac ver moxerxda da diagramaze kargad Cans 1 kv. metris gasaT-bobad gamoyofili Tanxebis mkveTri gansxvaveba skolebis mi-xedviT.

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2012-2013 saswavlo wels Senobis 1 kv. metr farTis gaTboba-ze daxarjuli dRiuri Tanxa wina saswavlo welTan SedarebiT 0.0017 TeTriT gaizarda.

Semdegi saxis analizi warmoaCens, Tu ramdeni Tanxaa gamoyo-fili skolebis gasaTbobad finansuri klasebis raodenobis mi-xedviT. Sesabamis diagramazec TvalsaCinod aisaxa dafinansebis araTanabari odenoba.

2012-2013 saswavlo wels mowodebuli monacemebis analizma gviCvena, rom erT finansur klasze gamoyofili Tanxa 2011-2012 saswavlo welTan SedarebiT 36.36 lariT gaizarda.

sajaro skolebSi gaTbobis sistemis funqcionirebis monito-ringisas Catarebuli anketirebis monacemebis gadamowmebis miz-niT fokus-jgufis Sexvedra CavatareT, romlis drosac daisva erTi mniSvnelovani kiTxva: mSoblebis azriT, rogori unda iyos skolaSi gaTbobis sistema?

fokus-jgufis monawile mSoblebma erTxmad aRiares, rom `roca maswavlebeli da moswavle qurTukebiT sxedan, sagakve-Tilo process xeli eSleba.~ Tumca maT ar ician, Tu ramde-ni gradusi unda iyos saklaso oTaxSi temperatura. `arsebobs standartebi?~ _kiTxulobdnen isini.

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Catarebulma fokus-jgufma kidev ufro ganamtkica Cveni va-raudi, rom zamTris TveebSi swavla-swavlebis procesi droSi ga-cilebiT SezRuduli da naklebad aqtiuria. `bavSvebi wuwuneben, gayinul oTaxSi mecadineoba ar undaT; arada, Rumelis danTe-basa da SeSis SekeTebas bevri dro miaqvs. Tanac, Tu droulad ar SeukeTeb, Rumeli qreba. am procesSi CarTuli arian rogorc maswavleblebi, ise moswavleebi. qarian amindSi SeSis Rumelidan kvamli gamodis, xelebi esvrebaT, Tvalebi ecremlebaT, sun-Tqvac Wirs xolme. warmoudgenelia, aseT situaciaSi sagakveTi-lo procesi normalurad mimdinareobdes,~ _ iTqva Sexvedraze.

sayuradRebo iyo Semdegi frazac: `mdgomareoba aSkarad gaumjobesda. mSoblebi vfiqrobT, rom problemebi gvardeba da amitomac maTze saubari saWirod aRar CavTvaleT. adre SeSis fulsac Cven vdebdiT da SeSa skolaSi Cvenive xeliT migvqonda~. mSoblebi aRiareben, rom gaTbobis mxriv problemebi arsebobs, Tumca miaCniaT, rom isini maTi Tanamonawileobis gareSec ga-moswordeba da ZiriTad aqcents mainc skolis administraciaze akeTeben.

gaTbobis sakiTxSi skolebis mier win gadadgmul nabije-bs adasturebs monacemebis SedarebiTi analizic. mowodebu-li informaciis mixedviT, 2012-2013 saswavlo wels 2011-2012 saswavlo welTan SedarebiT gaTbobis xarjebi mniSvnelovnad, 14304 lariTaa gazrdili.

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25-dan 19 skolaSi gaTbobisaTvis gamoyofili xarjebi gai-zarda; 6 skolaSi ki gaTbobis xarjebi TiTqmis igive darCa. zo-gadad, erT dReze gaTvlili gaTbobis xarji 6.29 lariT gai-zarda.

2.3. saerTo daskvnebi

• skolebis dafinansebis dRevandeli sistema arasamarTliania, ris gamoc skolebi mkveTrad gansxvavebul pirobebSi eqce-vian. dafinansebis sistema daxvewas moiTxovs.

• zamTrisTveebSiswavla-swavlebisprocesidroSigacilebiTSezRuduli da naklebad aqtiuria.

• skolebisgaTbobisTvissaWiroTanxebiswinaswarigaangari-Sebisas ar iTvaliswineben Senobis moculobas, sawvavis saxes da sxva aucilebel parametrebs.

2.4. rekomendaciebi

sasurvelia, rom: • saqarTvelosganaTlebisadamecnierebissaministromga-

daxedos skolebis dafinansebis arsebul models da cvli-lebebi Seitanos masSi, raTa is qmediTunariani gaxdes da realurad SeZlos skolaSi arsebuli yvela saWiroebis mo-gvareba.

• skolebmagaTbobisaTvissaWirosavaraudosawvavismara-gisa da Tanxis gasaangariSeblad aucilebelia, gamoiyenon sistemuri midgoma (danarTSi nimuSis saxiT moyvanilia formula).

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danarTebis CamonaTvali

1. Senobis gaTbobaze saWiro sawvavis xarjis gaangariSebis sqema

danarTi #1

1. siTbos maqsimaluri saaTobrivi xarji Senobis gasaTbobad

Qо = α Vq(ts – tg )(1 + Кinf)

aRniSvna aRwera sidide

S Senobis farTobi (m2) 1800.4 m2

H sarTulebis simaRle – (metri) 3 metri

V =S*H m3 gasaTbobi Senobis moculoba (m3) 5401.2 m3

α gare temperaturis makoreqtirebe-li koeficienti

1.06

q Senobis siTbokargvis koeficienti – kkal/m3saaTiºС

0.6kilokaloria/m3saaTiºС - betonis ke-dlebi

Кinf infiltraciis koeficienti (gamoi-yeneba mxolod mravalsarTuliani SenobebisTvis)

0 – Cvens SemTxvevaSi ar gamoiyeneba

ts Senobis Sida temperatura 18 ºСtg gare saSualo temperatura (Cvens

pirobebSi)5 ºС

tp Senobis gare saproeqto temperatu-ra (daaxloebiT -3ºC)

-3 ºС

d dReSi ramdeni saaTis ganmavlobaSi unda iyos CarTuli gaTboba?

8 saaTi

N zamTris dReebis raodenoba 91 dRe

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Qо = α Vq(ts – tg )(1 + Кinf) = 1.06·5401.2·0.62 [18 – (5)] = 44657.12 kkal/saaTi = 0.045 gigakaloria/saaTi

1. siTbos xarjvis saSualo saaTobrivi xarji gaTbobis perio-dis ganmavlobaSi

Qss = Qо · (ts – tp)/( ts – tg) kkal/saaTi

Qss = 0.045·(18-(-3))/(18-(5))=0.0276449 gigakaloria/saaTi

2. siTbos wliuri xarji ganisazRvreba formuliT:Qw = d · Qss· N(gigakaloria/weli)

Qw = 8 · 0,0276449 · 91 = 20.1255 gigakaloria/weli

3. sawvavis wliuri xarjipirobiTi sawvavis wliuri maragi dgindeba formuliT:

Вsac = Qw · 106/Qsa · nsadac: Qsa – pirobiTi sawvavis Tbogamtaroba — saSualod

7000 kilokaloria/kg (aiReba cxrilidan #1)

sxvadasxva saxis sawvavis kaloriulobis cxrili #1

sawvavis saxe raodenobakaloriuloba

erTeulidan mde

SeSa 1 kg 3005 kilokaloria

torfi 1 kg 3500 kilokaloria

mura naxSiri 1 kg 1000 5000 kilokaloria

qvanaxSiri 1 kg 7000 8500 kilokaloria

navTi 1 kg 9000 11000 kilokaloria

bunebrivi gazi 1 kub.metri 8000 13500 kilokaloria

n – Rumelis margi qmedebis koeficienti - 90%

Вsac = Qw · 106/Qsa · n = 20.1255 ·106/7000·0.9=2587.5612 (pirobiTi

sawvavi)

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I. varianti - Tu skola Tbeba bunebrivi gaziT - wliuri xarji

Вgazi= 20.1255 ·106/8000·0.9=2264.1161 m3/weliwadSi

1 m3 gazis Rirebuleba sawarmoebisaTvis – 0.75 TeTri

1800.4 m2 farTis mqone skolis Senobis gaTbobisaTvis wliu-rad saWiroa 2264.1161 m3 gazi, rac Tanxobrivad Seadgens 1698.09 lars.

II. varianti - Tu skola Tbeba SeSis RumelebiT - wliuri xarji

ВSeSa= 20.1255 ·106/3005·0.9=6027.5968 kg/weliwadSi

1 satvirTo avtomobilze (Газ51) eteva 4.4 m3 SeSa, romlis sabazro Rirebuleba 500 laria.

1 m3 SeSa miaxloebiT 650 kilogramia. 1 m3 SeSa Tanxobrivad 114 laria (dRes arsebuli sabazro

fasebiT).Cven sul gvWirdeba 6027.5968 / 650 =9.27 m3 SeSa.

1800.4 m2 farTis mqone skolis Senobis gaTbobisaTvis wliu-rad saWiroa 9.27 m3 SeSa, rac Tanxobrivad Seadgens 1056.78 lars.

saskolo bufetebisa da saswavlo garemos ganaTebis (eleqtrificirebis) monitoringi guriis sajaro skolebSi


ozurgeTi2013

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sarCevi

1. mokle informacia ganxorcielebuli monitoringis Sesaxeb 251.1. zogadi nawili 251.2 monitoringis geografia 271.3. monitoringis Catarebis meTodologia 28

2. ZiriTadi nawili 302.1. saskolo infrastruqturis standartebi saqarTveloSi 302.2. monitoringis Sedegebi 31 2.2.1 skolebidan mowodebuli raodenobrivi informacia 312.3. saerTo daskvnebi 342.4. rekomendaciebi 35

gamoyenebuli wyaroebi 36

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1. mokle informacia ganxorcielebuli monitoringis Sesaxeb

1.1. zogadi nawili saqarTvelo 1994 wlidan SeuerTda bavSvis uflebaTa konven-

cias, romelic deklarirebs: bavSvTa uflebebi uzrunvelyofs bavSvebis sicocxlis SenarCunebas, maT ganviTarebasa da keTil-dReobas.

2011 wels UNICEF-is mier momzadebuli morigi angariSi `sa-qarTvelo da bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia~, romelic saqarTve-loSi bavSvTa mdgomareobas exeba, gvauwyebs Semdegs: `wyalmoma-rageba da sanitariuli momsaxureba, TavisTavad, umniSvnelova-nesia, magram mas agreTve didi mniSvneloba aqvs bavSvTa kvebis gaumjobesebisa da sayovelTao dawyebiTi ganaTlebis uzrun-velyofis TvalsazrisiTac... srulfasovani kveba umniSvnelo-vanesia yoveli bavSvisTvis cxovrebis saukeTeso dasawyisis uzrunvelsayofad. arasakmarisi kveba mxolod sakvebis naklebo-bas ar gulisxmobs da Semdegi faqtorebiTacaa gamowveuli: ara-sakmarisi cilebi, energia da mikroelementebi, xSiri infeqciebi an daavadeba, arasaTanado movla da kvebis reJimi, jandacvis arasaTanado momsaxureba, uxarisxo wyali da sanitariuli pi-robebi~. angariSSi naxsenebi kvebis reJimi pirdapir ukavSirdeba skolebSi bufetebis (sasdiloeb arsebobas, radganac sabazo da saSualo safexuris moswavleebs 9.00 saaaTidan minimum 15.00 sa-aTamde skolaSi uxdebaT yofna.

angariSSi aseve xazgasmulia soflisa da qalaqis skolebs Soris arsebuli mkveTri gansxvaveba saskolo infrastruqtu-ris cudi xarisxis mxriv: `komiteti kvlavac SeSfoTebulia, rogorc ganaTlebis zogadi xarisxisa da bevri skolis infras-truqturis mZime mdgomareobis, aseve sofelsa da qalaqs Soris saganmanaTleblo standartebis mzardi gansxvavebis gamo. gar-da amisa, komiteti SeSfoTebas gamoTqvams ganaTlebis farul xarjebTan dakavSirebiT, ramac dabalSemosavliani ojaxebis

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bavSvebs SeiZleba ar misces ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZlebloba, aseve imasTan dakavSirebiTac, rom skolidan bavSvis gamosvlis maCvenebeli TandaTanobiT matulobs maRal klasebSi, gansaku-TrebiT soflad~.

skolamdel da zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi moswavleTa swavlebis procesis optimalurad warmarTvis, mavne fizikuri faqtorebis zemoqmedebisagan mozardis organizmis dacvis mizniT, aucilebelia maTi janmrTelobis dacvis saba-ziso moTxovnebis Sesruleba. sxva iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxTa Soris, rogoricaa: skolebis gaTboba, sveli wertilebis sani-tariul- higienuri mdgomareoba, wyalmomarageba da a.S., aseve mniSvnelovania zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis kvebis organizebisa da saswavlo sivrcis ganaTebis sakiTxebi.

guriis sajaro skolebSi saskolo bufetebisa da saswavlo garemos ganaTebis (eleqtrificirebis) monitoringis procesi 2013 wlis 1 aprilidan 2013 wlis 10 maisamde mimdinareobda.

monitoringis mizani iyo, gamovleniliyo, Tu ramdenad Seesa-bameba saqarTveloSi rekomendebul saaRmzrdelo normebsa da standartebs guriis regionis sajaro skolebSi arsebuli md-gomareoba saskolo bufetebis da saswavlo garemos ganaTebis (eleqtrificirebis) kuTxiT.

zemoaRniSnuli miznidan gamomdinare, `axalgazrda pedago-gTa kavSiris~ mier aRniSnul periodSi ganxorcielda guriis samive municipalitetis (ozurgeTi, lanCxuTi, Coxatauri) 24 sajaro skolis monitoringi.

monitoringi, ZiriTadad, sami etapisagan Sedgeboda:

pirvel etapze: • Camoyalibdamonitoringisgegma,indikatorebi;• momzaddamonitoringisganxorcielebisinstrumentebi;ga-

nisazRvra kvlevis geografia, meTodologia, samizne skole-bi. meore etapze:

• SeswavliliqnasajaroskolebidangamoTxovnilioficialu-ri informacia.

mesame etapze: • gaanalizdamopovebuliinformacia,momzaddamonitoringis

angariSi da SemuSavda rekomendaciebi;

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1.2 monitoringis geografia

monitoringi ganxorcielda guriis regionis sam municipali-tetSi. informaciis maqsimaluri sizustis uzrunvelyofis miz-niT municipalitetebSi arsebuli yvela sajaro skolidan (100 sajaro skola) SerCeul iqna Semdegi 24 skola:

# skola direqtorimoswav. raod.

munici-paliteti

skolis tipi

1ozurgeTis #1 sajaro skola

maia TavarTqilaZe

480 ozurgeTi qalaqi


marina jafariZe 849 ozurgeTi qalaqi


nana gagua 151 ozurgeTi qalaqi


tariel kalandaZe

640 ozurgeTi qalaqi


meri sabaSvili 108 ozurgeTi qalaqi

6vakijvris sajaro skola

ana gedevanova 111 ozurgeTi sofeli

7Semoqmedis sajaro skola

nino sadraZe 199 ozurgeTi sofeli

8baxvis sajaro skola

mzia vaSalomiZe 153 ozurgeTi sofeli

9cxemlisxidis sajaro skola

lali siWinava 171 ozurgeTi sofeli

10gaRma dvabzus sajaro skola

ciuri gogiberiZe

92 ozurgeTi sofeli

11baileTis sajaro skola

mzevinar xavTasi

78 ozurgeTi sofeli

12meriis sajaro skola

avTo keWaymaZe 380 ozurgeTi sofeli

13lixauris sajaro skola

nato saluqvaZe 245 ozurgeTi sofeli

14gurianTis sajaro skola

maia malazonia 103 ozurgeTi sofeli

15meleqeduris sajaro skola

naTela ToxaZe 114 ozurgeTi sofeli

16lanCxuTis #1 sajaro skola

Tamaz kilaZe 585 lanCxuTi qalaqi

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irine SarabiZe 169 lanCxuTi qalaqi


lamzira kervaliSvili

315 lanCxuTi qalaqi

19SuxuTis sajaro skola

iakob fircxalaiSvili

163 lanCxuTi sofeli

20lesis sajaro skola

nana TavdiSvili 156 lanCxuTi sofeli

21Coxatauris #1 sajaro skola

xaTuna wilosani 514 Coxatauri qalaqi

22Sua amaRlebis sajaro skola

samson jibuti 76 Coxatauri sofeli

23xidisTavis sajaro skola

ioseb megreliZe 129 Coxatauri sofeli

24Caisubnis sajaro skola

malvina osefaiSvili

101 Coxatauri sofeli

skolebi SeirCa Semdegi kriteriumebis mixedviT: a) kontingenti – gaTvaliswinebul iqna skolis moswavleTa

raodenoba da samizne skolebad SerCeul iqna rogorc maRa-lkontingentiani, aseve dabalkontingentiani skolebi.

b) geografiuli mdebareoba _ skolebi SerCeul iqna maTi geo-grafiuli specifikis gaTvaliswinebiTac. magaliTad, erTi sko-la ganlagebulia maRalmTian zonaSi, meore warmoadgens tipur agraruli zonis skolas, mesame _ urbanuli dasaxlebisas.

1.3. monitoringis Catarebis meTodologia

monitoringis procesSi da angariSis momzadebisas gamoyene-bul iqna dokumentebze muSaobisa da analizis meTodi. monito-ringis jgufis wevrebis mier Seswavlil iqna SerCeuli sajaro skolebidan gamoTxovnili Semdegi informacia: • ramdenisaklasooTaxiaskolaSi?• eleqtrificirebuliaTuarayvelasaklasooTaxi?• sulramdenisaklasooTaxiaeleqtrificirebuli?• ramdensaklasooTaxSiaminimumerTiStefselimainc?• ramdensaklasooTaxSiinTebaSuqi?• arisTuaraSabaTisaswavlodReTqvensskolaSi?

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• gTxovT,mogvawodoT2011-2012saswavlowlebSiskolismiergadaxdili eleqtroenergiis safasuri (Tanxis raodenoba) Tveebis mixedviT.

• raxangrZlivobisaadasvenebebigakveTilebsSoris?• gaqvTTuaradididasveneba?• raxangrZlivobisaadididasveneba?• funqcionirebsTuaraTqvensskolaSibufeti?• ramdenikvadratulimetriukaviasaskolobufets?• arisTuarabufetSimowyobilixelsabani?• Tubufetiarfunqcionirebs,miuTiTeTmizezi.

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2. ZiriTadi nawili

`am bavSvebma da maTma mSoblebma ician, rom ganaTlebis miReba ara mxolod maTi uflebaa, aramed saSvi ukeTesi momavlisaken...“

hari belafonte gaeros bavSvTa fondis keTili nebis elCi

2.1. saskolo infrastruqturis standartebi saqarTveloSi

saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros oficialur vebgverdze `saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macne~ ganTavsebulia saqarTve-los Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZaneba #308/n (2001 wlis 16 agvisto, saxelmwifo saregis-tracio kodi 470.230.000.11.119.004.931) `skolamdeli da zo-gadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mowyobis, aRWurvisa da samuSao reJimis sanitariuli wesebisa da normebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~. https://matsne.gov.ge/index.php?option=com_ldmssearch&view=docView&id=52630&lang=ge#

`saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo macnes~ Tanaxmad, brZaneba mo-qmedia da masSi gansazRvrulia sxvadasxva tipis Tanamedrove zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi higienuri moTxovnebi moswavleTa swavlebis pirobebisadmi, maT Soris, I muxlis me-2 punqtis `v~ da `m~ qvepunqtebiT _ bunebrivi da xelovnuri ga-naTebis, aseve moswavleTa kvebis organizebis mimarT arsebuli sanitariul-higienuri moTxovnebi.

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT, skolaSi sanitariuli moTxo-vnebis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebloba zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis administracias ekisreba. sakmaod bundovnadaa gawerili saxelmwifo sanitariuli zedamxedvelobisa da kon-trolis sakiTxi. zemoT moyvanili brZanebis I muxlis me-6 pun-qtis Sesabamisad, `sanitariuli wesebis Sesrulebaze kontrols

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saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sanitariuli zedamxedvelobis sam-saxurebi axorcieleben~.

brZanebis me-5 muxlis 47-e, 51-e, 52-e da 53-e punqtebiT, `kve-bis organizebas axdens sasadilo, romelic unda muSaobdes sa-kveb produqtebze da naxevarfabrikatebze. bufetSi, saidanac xdeba sakvebis gacema, daculi unda iyos saTanado sanitariuli wesebi da normebi. sasadilo unda gaaCndes skolas, sadac swav-lobs aranakleb 100 moswavlisa. skolis sasadilosa da bufetSi unda arsebobdes sasadilo darbazi farTobiT _ 1 moswavleze 0,7 m2. igi unda itevdes moswavleTa 100%-s 3 wyebad dasxdomi-sas. sasadilo darbazTan an kvebis blokSi Sesasvlel koridor-Si unda damontaJdes xelsabani niJarebi _ 1 c 20 adgilze. so-flis skolebSi kvebis organizeba xdeba iseve, rogorc qalaqis skolebSi~.

amave brZanebis me-7 muxliT gansazRvrulia moTxovnebi bu-nebrivi da xelovnuri ganaTebisadmi: `zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas unda gaaCndes xelovnuri ganaTeba. zogadsagan-manaTleblo dawesebulebaSi uzrunvelyofili unda iyos ga-naTebis normirebuli done da ganaTebis xarisxis maCvenebeli (diskomfortis maCvenebeli da ganaTebadobis koeficienti). igi unda Seesabamebodes samSeneblo normebis da wesebis moTxovne-bs. saskolo dawesebulebaSi xelovnuri ganaTebis daproeqtebi-sas upiratesoba eniWeba luminescenciur ganaTebas. dasaSvebia gamoyenebul iqnes varvarebis naTurebic. xelovnuri ganaTebis sistemis daproeqtebisas saklaso oTaxebSi unda daigegmos ga-naTebis xazis ramdenime damoukidebeli CamrTveli~.

2.2. monitoringis Sedegebi

2.2.1 skolebidan mowodebuli raodenobrivi informacia.

monitoringSi CarTuli skolebidan 9 (62.5%) qalaqis tipis, xolo 15 (37.5%) soflis tipis skolebs warmoadgenda.

kiTxvaze, eleqtrificirebulia Tu ara yvela saklaso oTaxi, Semdegi pasuxebi miviReT:

diax _ 10 skola, ara – 14. Sesabamisad, diagramaze Cans pa-suxebis procentuli gadanawileba (ix. diagrama #1)

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monitoringis Sedegad miRebuli monacemebiT, 15 soflis skolidan mxolod 33.3%-ia (5 skola) srulad eleqtrifici-rebuli, anu yvela saklaso oTaxSi inTeba Suqi, qalaqis tipis skolebis _ 55.6% (5 skola). samwuxarod, monitoringisas ver gaizoma ganaTebis Sesabamisoba arsebul standartTan.

skolebidan mowodebuli informaciis gadamuSavebis Sedegad, gavarkvieT, rom 24 skolidan mxolod 10 skolaSi funqcionire-bs saskolo kvebis bloki.

am parametriTac qalaqis tipis skolebis monacemebi rao-denobrivad isev mkveTrad aRemateba soflis tipis skolebis monacemebs: 15 soflis skolidan mxolod 26.7%-Si (4 skola) funqcionirebs saskolo bufeti, xolo qalaqis tipis skolebis 66.7%-Si (6 skola). Sesabamisi monacemebi asaxulia qvemoT moce-mul diagramaze.

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Zalian cudi mdgomareobaa saskolo bufetebSi xelsabanebis raodenobis mxrivac. im skolebSic ki, sadac saskolo kvebis bloki funqcionirebs (10 skola), mxolod 7 skolis bufetSia mowyobili xelsabani.

bufeti rom ar funqcionirebs, amis mizezad skolebis ume-tesobam miuTiTa Semdegi mizezi: `aravin gamoTqva survili, mo-nawileoba mieRo tenderSi bufetis daqiravebis Sesaxeb, Tumca farTi gvaqvs~. Zalian mniSvnelovania aseve faqtorebi, romle-bic gamokiTxulTa mcire procentma daafiqsira, rogorc mi-zezi: proceduruli sirTuleebi da dokumentaciis mouwesri-gebloba.

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skolebidan mowodebuli informaciis analizis Sedegad dad-ginda, rom aseve darRveulia saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelo-bisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZaneba #308/n-iT (`sko-lamdeli da zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mowyobis, aRWurvisa da samuSao reJimis sanitariuli wesebisa da normebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~, 2001 wlis 16 agvisto, saxelmwifo saregis-tracio kodi 470.230.000.11.119.004.931) gansazRvruli normebi 1 moswavleze garkveuli farTis arsebobis mixedviT. bufetian 10 skolaSi bufetis farTi 1 moswavleze 0.05 kv. metridan 0.55 kv. metramde meryeobs, saSualod ki 0,24 kv. metria, rodesac is 0,7 kv. metrs unda Seadgendes.

2.3. saerTo daskvnebi

skolebidan mowodebuli raodenobrivi informaciis anali-zis Sedegad Cven mier Semdegi daskvnebi iqna gakeTebuli:• umravlesSemTxvevaSisajaroskolebSixelovnuriganaTeba

(eleqtrificireba) mouwesrigebelia (saklaso oTaxi ar aris eleqtrificirebuli);

• im skolebSi, romlebic nawilobriv eleqtrificirebulia,SeuZlebelia axali teqnologiebis gamoyeneba sagakveTilo procesSi, rac swavlebis xarisxze uaryofiTad moqmedebs;

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• skolebismwiribiujetiTSeuZlebeliaskolebiseleqtrifi-cirebis problemis mowesrigeba;

• skolebisumetesobaSiarfunqcionirebsbavSvTakvebisblo-ki;

• imskolebSicki,sadackvebisblokimuSaobs,bufetisfarTiar Seesabameba arsebul standarts;

• zogierTiskoliskvebisblokSiararisxelsabani;• skolebis administraciebis nawils sWirdeba kvalificiuri

daxmareba saskolo kvebis blokis gaxsnisaTvis saWiro mo-Txovnebis Sesasruleblad da procedurebis dasacavad, Sesa-bamisi dokumentaciis mosamzadeblad;

• zogierTiskolisdireqciaTvlis,rombufetisgaxsnisaTvissaWiro procedurebs gamartiveba sWirdeba;

• saxelmwifos (saministro, adgilobrivi xelisufleba, sko-lis administracia) mxridan saTanado yuradReba ar eTmoba saskolo bufetebisa da skolebis eleqtrificirebis amJamad arsebul problemebs.

2.4. rekomendaciebi

sasurvelia, rom: • saxelmwifomuzrunvelyossaskoloinfrastruqturisstan-

dartebis dacva; adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebTan Tanam-SromlobiT sajaro skolebis sruli eleqtrificireba da skolebSi xelovnuri ganaTebis mowyoba.

• saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministrom ga-daxedos saskolo bufetebis gaxsnisTvis aucilebel proce-durebs da kidev, rac SeiZleba, gaamartivos arsebuli mode-li.

• ganaTlebisadamecnierebissaministromuzrunvelyossko-lis direqciebisTvis konsultaciebis Catareba saskolo bu-fetebis gaxsnis procedurebTan dakavSirebiT.

• saxelmwifosanitariul-higienurizedamxedvelobissamsaxu-rebma meti yuradReba miaqcion skolebSi wyalmomaragebisa da sanitariul-higienuri pirobebis, kvebis blokis funqcio-nirebis monitorings.

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gamoyenebuli wyaroebi:

1. bavSvTa uflebebis konvencia2. UNICEF-is 2011 wlis angariSi `saqarTvelo da bavSvis ufle-

baTa konvencia~.3. „saganmanaTleblo da samecniero infrastruqturis ganviTa-

rebis saagentos“ mier momzadebuli zogadi rekomendaciebi saskolo infrastruqturis Sesaxeb.

4. saqarTvelos Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris brZaneba #308/n (2001 wlis 16 agvisto, saxelwi-fo saregistracio kodi 470.230.000.11.119.004.931) `skolam-deli da zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis mowyobis, aRWurvisa da samuSao reJimis sanitariuli wesebisa da nor-mebis damtkicebis Sesaxeb~.



guriis sajaro skolebis gaTbobis sistemis,

bufetebisa da eleqtrificirebis


guriis sajaro skolebis gatbobis sistemis, bufetebisa da … · 2019. 7. 5. · bavsvta uflebebis...

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