gvj‡qwkqv-`w¶y †kvwiqv-ga¨cÖvp¨ · ga¨cv‡p¨i †gvu avqzb 70,12,019 em© wk‡jvwguvi|...

185

Gwkqv gnv‡`k

gvj‡qwkqv-`w¶Y †Kvwiqv-ga¨cÖvP¨

f‚wgKv

Avgiv †h gnv‡`‡k evm Kwi Zvi bvg Gwkqv| G gnv‡`‡ki `w¶‡Y Avgv‡ì †`k

evsjv‡`k Aew¯’Z| Gwkqv 10° `w¶Y A¶‡iLv †_‡K ïiy K‡i DË‡i 80° DËi

A¶‡iLv Ges 25° c~e© `ªvwNgv‡iLv †_‡K 170° cwðg `ªvwNgv‡iLv ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z| GB

gnv‡`‡ki c~‡e© cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMi, cwð‡g BD‡ivc, f‚ga¨mvMi, my‡qR Lvj, †jvwnZ mvMi;

DË‡i DËi gnvmvMi Ges `w¶‡Y fviZ gnvmvMi Aew¯’Z| AvqZ‡bi w`K w`‡q Gwkqv

e„nËg gnv‡`k| GB gnv‡`‡ki AvqZb 4,40,30,000 eM© wK.wg.| Gwkqv gnv‡`k DËi

`w¶‡Y †gvUvgywU 8,528 wK. wg. Ges c~e© cwð‡g 9,654 wK. wg. we¯Í„Z| RbmsL¨vi

wfwË‡ZI Gwkqv e„nËg| me©cÖKvi Rjevqy Gwkqvq cwijw¶Z nq| Gwkqv gnv‡`‡k

i‡q‡Q 48wU ¯vaxb ivóª| gvj‡qwkqv Ges `w¶Y †Kvwiqv Gwkqvi Ab¨Zg Dbœqbkxj

ivóª| G ivóª `ywUi gvby‡li gv_vwcQy Avq, wk¶vi nvi, Mo Avqy, K…wl, wkí BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î

cÖe„w× †e‡o‡B P‡j‡Q| Aciw`‡K Gwkqvi GK Z…Zxqvsk ivóªB ga¨cÖv‡Pï AšÍf©y³|

ga¨cÖv‡Pï †gvU AvqZb 70,12,019 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| GB AvqZb mgMÖ Gwkqvi cÖvq

GK mßgvsk| êwPÎ¨gq f‚-cÖK…wZ, LwbR m¤ú`, Zx_© ’vb Avi cÖvPxb mf¨Zvi wb`k©b

m¤wjZ GB ga¨ cÖv‡Pï †jvKmsL¨v gvÎ 2185 j¶| GB BDwb‡U gvj‡qwkqv, `w¶Y

†Kvwiqv Ges ga¨cÖv‡Pï †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY Zz‡j aiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU 5

186

gvj‡qwkqvi : cwiwPwZ : Ae¯’vb I AvqZb

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb

l gv‡jwkqvi cwiwPwZ w`‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvj‡qwkqvi AvqZb D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvj‡qwkqvi Ae¯’vb ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.1.1 : gvj‡qwkqvi cwiwPwZ

gvj‡qwkqv `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi GKwU †`k| gvj‡qwkqv †ZiwU A½ivR¨ I `ywU †K›`ªxq

kvwmZ †UwiUwi wb‡q MwVZ| `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi gvjq DcØx‡ci `w¶Yvsk Ges †evwb©I

Øx‡ci mvevn I mvivIqvK wb‡q gvj‡qwkqv MwVZ| gvjq DcØxc‡K cwðg gvj‡qwkqv

Ges mvevn I mvivIqvK‡K c~e© gvj‡qwkqv e‡j| gvj‡qwkqv evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg eÜz

ivóª| we‡`wk AvwacZ¨ I kvmb †_‡K gy³ n‡q gvj‡qwkqvi Awaevmxiv AK¬všÍ cwikª‡g

Zv‡ì A_©‰bwZK DbœwZ Z¡ivwb¦Z K‡i‡Q| evsjv‡`‡ki m‡½ G‡`‡ki cvi¯úvwiK

A_©‰bwZK mn‡hvwMZv DË‡ivËi e„w× cv‡”Q| G‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v 204 j¶| cÖwZ eM©

wK‡jvwgUv‡i M‡o RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ 58 Rb| GB †`‡k Bmjvg, †eŠ×, wLª÷ªvb, Kb©d~mxq,

ZvI, wkL, evnvB I wn›`y ag©vej¤x †jvK evm K‡i| Z‡e AwaKvskB gymjgvb| G‡`‡ki

84% Rb †jvKB wkw¶Z| G‡`‡ki gvby‡li Mo Avqy®‹vj 70.2 eQi| gvj‡qwkqvi

ivRavbx Kzqvjvjvgcyi, G‡`‡ki gy`ªvi bvg wiswMU, G‡`kwU 1957 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni

m`m¨c` jvf K‡i| G‡`‡k Pxbv gvjqx Ges fviZxq Zvwgj‡ì wgwkªZ Rb‡Mvôx evm

K‡i| G‡`‡ki miKvix fvlv gvjqx| Bs‡iwR ni‡d gvjqx fvlv eënvi K‡i|

Ae¯’vb : gvj‡qwkqvi DË‡i `w¶‡Y Pxb mvMi, `w¶Y B‡›`v‡bwkqv, c~‡e© †mwjwem mvMi,

Ges cwð‡g gvjv°v cÖYvjx Aew¯’Z| †`kwU 2° `w¶Y A¶‡iLv †_‡K 8° DËi A¶‡iLv

Ges 100° cye© `ªvwNgv‡iLv †_‡K 120° c~e© `ªvwNgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| evsjv‡`k †_‡K

gvj‡qwkqv c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z| gvj‡qwkqvi ¯’vbxq mgq evsjv‡`‡ki cÖgvY mgq A‡c¶v

2 NÈv †ewk|

AvqZb I Awaevmx : gvj‡qwkqvi AvqZb 3,32,640 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| Gi g‡a¨ gvjq

DcØxc 1,35,800 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi, mvevn 75,110 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Ges mvivIqvK

1,21,730 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi AvqZb wewkó|

mvivsk

gvj‡qwkqv `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †`k| Gi DË‡i `w¶Y Pxb mvMi,

`w¶‡Y B‡›`v‡bwkqv, c~‡e© †mwjwem mvMi Ges cwð‡g gvjv°v cÖYvjx i‡q‡Q| †`kwUi

AvqZb 3,32,640 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| G‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v 204 j¶| RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡

cvV 5.1

187

cÖwZ eM© wK‡jvwgUv‡i 58 Rb| G‡`‡ki ivóªxq fvlv gvjqx| ivRavbxi bvg Kzqvjvgcyi

Ges gy`ªvi bvg wiswMU|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb 5.1

mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK () wPý w`b|

1. gvj‡qwkqv †KvbwUi AšÍf‚©³?

(K) `w¶Y Gwkqv (L) `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqv

(M) ga¨ Gwkqv (N) ga¨cÖvP¨

2. †KvbwU gvj‡qwkqvi cwð‡g Aew¯’Z?

(K) cK cÖYvjx (L) †ewis cÖYvjx

(M) gvjv°v cÖYvjx (N) wReªvëvi cÖYvjx

3. RbmsL¨v cÖwZ eM© wK‡jvwgUv‡i KZRb?

(K) 8,96,180 (L) 58 Rb

(M) 68 Rb (N) 78 Rb

4. gvj‡qwkqvi AvqZb KZ eM© wK‡jvwgUvi?

(K) 58 (L) 6,64,260

(M) 5,42,420 (N) 3,32,640

5. gvj‡qwkqvi ivRavbxi bvg wK?

(K) gv‡j (L) gvjq

(M) Kzqvjvjvgcyi (N) Kj‡¤v

DËi : 1| L 2| M 3| L 4| N 5| M

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. ms‡¶‡c gvj‡qwkqvi cwiwPwZ wjLyb|

2. gvj‡qwkqvi †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb wjLyb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. gvj‡qwkqvi cwiwPwZ we¯ÍvwiZ D‡jøL Kiyb|

188

gvj‡qwkqvi f‚-cÖK…wZ

D‡Ïk¨


l gvj‡qwkqvi †Kv_vq mgf‚wg I gvjf‚wg i‡q‡Q Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvj‡qwkqvi f‚wgiƒ‡ci eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvj‡qwkqvi b`-b`xi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvbwP‡Î gvj‡qwkqvi f‚-cÖK…wZ †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.2.1 gvj‡qwkqvi f‚-cÖK…wZ

c~e© Ges cwðg gvj‡qwkqvi Dfq As‡kB DcK‚j I mgf‚wg AÂj i‡q‡Q| Gi ga¨fv‡M

DuPy gvjf‚wg Øviv MwVZ| gvjq DcØx‡ci c~e© I cwðg DcK~‡j msKxY© mgf‚wg i‡q‡Q|

`w¶Y DcK~‡ji mgf‚wg A‡c¶vK…Z cÖk¯Í| mvivIqv‡Ki cwðg DcK~‡ji `w¶Yvsk †ek

cÖk¯—, DËivs‡kI cÖk¯— mgf‚wg i‡q‡Q| cvnvwoqv gvjq DcØx‡c gvÎ K‡qKwU eo

AvKv‡ii mgZj f‚-fvM i‡q‡Q| cÖavb cve©Z¨ RjwefvwRKvwU cwðg DcK‚‡ji Kv‡Q

Aew¯’Z| Gi K‡qKwU Ask 2,100 wgUv‡ii †P‡qI †ewk DuPy| †gvUvgywU DcK‚j †iLvi

mgvšÍivjfv‡e A‡bK¸‡jv ˆkjwkiv i‡q‡Q|

cÖavb Rj wefvwRKvi cwð‡gi f‚-fvM Zi½vwqZ Ges f‚wg De©i| GLv‡b K…wl Ges

wk‡íi e¨vcKfv‡e Dbœqb mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| wKšÍz GKB RjwefvwRKvi c~e© w`‡Ki GjvKv

ebf‚wg Øviv Ave„Z cve©Z¨f‚wg Ges Kg DbœZ| gvjq DcØx‡ci cÖavb cve©Z¨

ˆkjwkiv¸‡jv DËi-`w¶‡Y we¯—„Z Ges cÖavbZ MÖvbvBU wkjv Øviv MwVZ| Aek¨B c~e©

w`‡Ki †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ce©Z †KvqvR©vBU I †kj Øviv MwVZ| DcØx‡ci cwð‡g LvovB cvk¦©

wewkó Pybvcv_i Øviv MwVZ K‡qKwU f‚LÛ i‡q‡Q| wewfbœ cÖKvi wkjvi wgkª‡Y MwVZ †QvU

†QvU AeevwnKv¸‡jv wewfbœ ¯’v‡b †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| Kzqvjvjvgcy‡ii Kv‡Q Giƒc GKwU

AeevwnKv i‡q‡Q| gvj‡qwkqvi DËi †evwb©Ii mvevn I mviIqvK GjvKvØq‡K wZbwU

As‡k fvM Kiv nq| (1) DcK‚jeZ©x mgf‚wg (2) cvnv‡oi cv`‡`‡kxq Ges (3) cvnvox

GjvKv| DcK~j GjvKv cwj MwVZ mgf‚wg, cv`‡`kxq GjvKv †QvU †QvU cvnv‡oi

mgb¦‡q MwVZ| Aek¨ †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ¯’vb cÖej el©‡Yi cÖfv‡e Abye©i n‡q c‡o‡Q| DËi-

`w¶‡Y we¯—„Z GjvKv ˆkjwkiv †kªYx Øviv MwVZ n‡q‡Q| cvnvox GjvKv µgk 1.805

wgUv‡ii †ewk DuPy n‡q‡Q| wKbvevjy k„‡½i D”PZv 4,050 wgUvi|

5.2.2 gvj‡qwkqvi b`x

†civK, evb©vg, g~qvi b`x cwðg gvj‡qwkqvi cwðg w`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| †KjvbZvb,

cvnvs I †UªsMvby b`x †`‡ki c~e© w`‡K cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| †Kv‡bv b`xB `xN© bq|

mvivsk

cvV 5.2

189

gvj‡qwkqvi DcK~j mgf‚wg Ges ga¨fvM gvjf‚wg Øviv MwVZ| cªavb Rj wefvwRKvwU

cwðg DcK~‡ji Kv‡Q Aew¯’Z| gvj‡qwkqvi ˆkj wkjv¸‡jv DËi-`w¶‡Y we¯Í„Z| mvevn

I mvivIqvK DcK~jeZ©x mgf‚wg; cvnv‡oi cv`‡`kxq GjvKv Ges cvnvox GjvKv

i‡q‡Q| G‡`‡ki b`x¸‡jv `xN© bq|



1. †KvbwU gvj‡qwkqvi ga¨fv‡M i‡q‡Q?

(K) mgf‚wg (L) gvjf‚wg

(M) Z…Yf‚wg (N) cve©Z¨ f‚wg

2. gvj‡qwkqvi cÖavb cve©Z¨ RjwefvwRKv †Kv_vq?

(K) DËi cÖv‡šÍ (L) `w¶Y cÖv‡šÍ

(M) c~e© DcK‚‡ji Kv‡Q (N) cwðg DcK~‡ji Kv‡Q

3. gvjq DcØx‡ci cÖavb ˆkjwkjv¸‡jv cÖavbZ †Kvb wkjv Øviv MwVZ?

(K) †KvqvURvBU (L) e¨vmë

(M) MÖvbvBU (N) Wv‡qvivBU

4. gvj‡qwkqvi DËi †evwY©Ii mvevn I mvivIqvK GjvKvØq‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv nq?

(K) wZb (L) cvP

(M) mvZ (N) bq

5. †KvbwU gvj‡qwkqvi b`x bq?

(K) †civK (L) eivK

(M) evb©vg (N) gyqvi

DËi : 1| L 2| N 3| M 4| K 5| L

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. gvj‡qwkqvi b`xmg~‡ni bvg wjLyb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. gvj‡qwkqvi f‚-cÖK…wZ eY©bv Kiyb|

190

gvj‡qwkqvi Rjevqy

D‡Ïk¨


l gvj‡qwkqvi Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨¸‡jv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvj‡qwkqvi e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvj‡qwkqvi Rjevqy eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvbwP‡Î gvj‡qwkqvi evqy cÖev‡ni w`K wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.3.1 Rjevqy

gvj‡qwkqv wbi¶‡iLvi DË‡i Aew¯’Z| d‡j GLvbKvi Rjevqy wbi¶xq Ges mviv eQi

e„wócvZ nq| AwaKvsk e„wócvZ cwiPjb e„wói AvKv‡i msNwUZ nq| wbi¶xq AÂ‡j

Aew¯’Z n‡jI †`kwU †gŠmygx evqy Øviv cÖfvweZ| DËi-c~e© I `w¶Y-cwðg †gŠmygx

evqycÖev‡ni cÖwZwU Qq gvm ch©šÍ ¯’vqx nq| gvj‡qwkqvi evwl©K Mo DËvc 25°-27°

†mjwmqvm Gi g‡a¨ _v‡K| gvjq DcØx‡ci c~e© DcK‚j mivmwi DËi-c~e© †gŠmygx

evqycÖev‡ni AšÍM©Z nIqvq †mLv‡b b‡f¤i †_‡K gvP© ch©šÍ Av`ª© FZz _v‡K| Gmg‡q

cv‡ki mvMi¸‡jv‡Z h‡_ó S‡ov cwi‡ek m„wó nq| G Av`ª© FZzi ¯’vqxZ¡ †g †_‡K

†m‡Þ¤i gvm ch©šÍ nq| mygvÎv Øxc `w¶Y-cwðg †gŠmygx evqyi MwZc‡_ evavi m„wó

K‡i| d‡j gvjq DcØx‡ci cwðgvsk AvswkKfv‡e GB evqyi cÖZ¨¶ cÖfve †_‡K ewÂZ

_v‡K| mygvÎv Øxc I gvjq DcØx‡ci ga¨eZ©x gvjv°v cÖYvjx G mgq Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e

kvšÍ _v‡K| GRb¨ gvjq DcØx‡ci cwðgvs‡k A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Z¡ivwb¦Z n‡q‡Q| gvjq

DcØx‡ci AwaKvsk ¯’v‡b Mo e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY 2,540 †mw›UwgUvi| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv

Db¥y³ GjvKvq e„wócvZ 6,860 †mw›UwgUvi ch©šÍ e„w× cvq| wKšÍz Ave„Z DcZ¨Kv¸‡jv‡Z

e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY AbwaK 1,524 †mw›UwgUvi nq| wb¤œf‚wg AÂ‡j mviv eQi 27°

†mjwmqvm Mo DËvc Abyf‚Z nq|

GwcÖj I A‡±vei gvm evqy cÖev‡ni w`K cwieZ©‡bi mgq| mvevn-Gi DËi DcK~jxq

GjvKvq 27° †mjwmqvm Mo DòZv eZ©gvb| †mLv‡b eQ‡i `yBwU FZz Abyf‚Z nq| GKwU

FZz A‡±vei †_‡K GwcÖj ch©šÍ ¯’vqx nq| G mg‡q A‡c¶vK…Z ï®‹Zv weivR K‡i|

gvj‡qwkqvq Rvbyqvwi Ges †deªyqvwi gv‡m me‡P‡q †ewk e„wócvZ nq|

mvivsk

Rvbyqvwi Ges †deªyqvwi gv‡m me‡P‡q †ewk e„wócvZ nq| gvj‡qwkqvq cÖvq mviv eQiB

e„wócvZ nq| b‡f¤i †_‡K gvP© gv‡m mvM‡i S‡ov cwi‡ek _v‡K| mygvÎv Øxc AšÍivq

m„wó Kivq `w¶Y-cwðg †gŠmygx evqy cÖev‡ni mgq mvevn I mvivIqv‡K cÖPyi e„wó nq|

A‡±vei †_‡K GwcÖj ch©šÍ DËi-c~e© †gŠmygx evqycÖev‡ni mgq mvevn I mvivIqv‡K cÖPyi

e„wó nq| mviv †`‡k 25°†mjwmqvm Mo DËvc Abyf‚Z nq|

cvV 5.3

191



1. gvj‡qwkqvq †Kvb ai‡Yi e„wócvZ †ewk nq?

(K) cwienY (L) cwiPjb

(M) NyY©evZ (N) ˆk‡jvr‡¶c

2. †gŠmygx evqyi AšÍM©Z nIqvq gvjq DcØx‡c †Kvb gvm †_‡K †Kvb gvm ch©šÍ Av`ª©

FZz _v‡K?

(K) GwcÖj †_‡K Ryb (L) RyjvB †_‡K A‡±vei

(M) †m‡Þ¤i †_‡K wW‡m¤i (N) b‡f¤i †_‡K gvP©

3. gvjq DcØx‡ci Db¥y³ GjvKvq m‡e©v”P KZ †mw›UwgUvi ch©šÍ e„wócvZ nq?

(K) 1,524 †m.wg. (L) 2,540 †m.wg.

(M) 6,860 †m.wg. (N) 8,660 †m.wg.

4. gvj‡qwkqvi evwl©K Mo DËvc KZ wWwMÖ †mjwmqv‡mi g‡a¨ _v‡K?

(K) 25-27 (L) 20-23

(M) 17-21 (N) 13-15

DËi : 1| L 2| N 3| M 4| K

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. gvj‡qwkqvi e„wócv‡Zi Ae¯’v wjLyb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. gvj‡qwkqvi Rjevqyi weeiY w`b|

192

gvj‡qwkqvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`

D‡Ïk¨


l gvj‡qwkqvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb,

l wewfbœ cÖKvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvbwPÎ A¼b K‡i cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì eÈb †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.41 : gvj‡qwkqvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`

gvj‡qwkqvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cÖvK…wZK Dw™¢ , K…wlm¤ú` I

LwbR m¤ú`|

5.4.2 : cÖvK…wZK Dw™¢

RjevqyMZ Kvi‡Y gvj‡qwkqvi cÖvK…wZK Dw™¢ wbweo I wPi k¨vgj| GB Dw™¢‡ì eb

mgy`ª mgZj †_‡K myD”P ce©Z‡kªYx ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z| gvjq DcØx‡ci cwðg DcK‚‡j mgf‚wg

GjvKvq i‡q‡Q wekvj RjR ÔMivb' ev Ôg¨vb‡MÖvW' ebf‚wg| c~e© DcK~‡ji evjyKvgq

Zxif‚wg‡Z M‡o D‡V‡Q SvD RvZxq ÔK¨vwmDqvevBbv' Mv‡Qi msKxY© ebf‚wg| G‡`‡ki

wbi¶xq ebf‚wg‡Z `xN©, mij, kvLv- cÖkvLvnxb eû cÖRvwZi MvR¸‡jv AZ¨šÍ wbweofv‡e

†e‡o D‡V‡Q| G e‡bi AwaKvsk Mv‡Qi D”PZv 30 wgUv‡ii †ewk| eo eo MvQ¸‡jvi

Wvjcvjv cyiy cvZv †f` K‡i e„wói cvwb wb‡P G‡m †cuŠQv‡jI m~‡h©i Av‡jv ebf‚wgi wb‡P

Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| cÎ-cjø‡ei wb‡P, euvk †eZ I jZv RvZxq Dw™¢ weKvk jvf K‡i‡Q|

wbi¶xq e‡b wewfbœ cÖRvwZi MvQ wbweofv‡e †e‡o IVvi d‡j †Kv‡bv GK RvqMvq GKB

cÖRvwZi A‡bK MvQ †`Lv hvq bv| G Kvi‡YB †h †Kv‡bv GK cÖRvwZi Mv‡Qi ¸wo †ewk

msL¨vq msMÖn Kiv LyeB KóKi| gvj‡qwkqvi eb †_‡K Avqib DW, †ivRDW, Avejym,

†gnMwb, ivevi BZ¨vw` g~jëvb k³ Kv‡Vi MvQ i‡q‡Q| GQvov G eb †_‡K cvg, euvk,

gvjqx, †eZ, gvjv°v BZ¨vw` msMÖn Kiv nq| Aek¨ e‡bi Hiƒc cÖvK…wZK cwi‡e‡k

evwY‡R¨ cÖZ¨¶fv‡e eënv‡ii Dc‡hvMx †Kv‡bv Dw™¢ ch©vß cwigv‡Y cvIqv hvq bv|

5.4.3 : K…wl

gvj‡qwkqvq `y'ai‡Yi K…wl c×wZ †`Lv hvq h_v : †`wkq K…wl Ges Avev`x K…wl|

DcØx‡ci cwðg DcKzjxq DcZ¨Kv¸‡jv‡Z Ges c~e© DcKzjxq GjvKvq avb Drcvw`Z

nq| K…lKiv †KejgvÎ wbR‡ì cÖ‡qvRb †gUvevi Dc‡hvMx avb Drcv`b K‡i| GQvovI

K…lKiv Pv, Kwd, ZvgvK, Kc~©i, mv¸; gmjv I U¨vwcIKv Drcv`b K‡i| DcK~j I

DcZ¨Kv¸‡jv †_‡K `~ieZ©x GjvKvq Lye KgB K…wlKvR Kiv nq|

cvV 5.4

193

1895 mvj †_‡K Avev`x K…wl wn‡m‡e ivevi Pvl ïiy n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b eo ivevi

Lvgvi¸‡jv‡Z evwYwR¨K nv‡i ivevi Drcvw`Z nq| cÖavbZ cwðg DcK~‡ji wbPy cvnvox

GjvKvq I wbPy mgZj f‚wg‡Z 30 j¶ GK‡iiI †ewk GjvKvq ivevi Pvl Kiv nq|

e‡bi eo eo ¸wowewkó MvQ¸‡jv †K‡U †d‡j Ges Ab¨vb¨ Dw™¢ cywo‡q †d‡j ivevi

Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx Rwg †ei Kiv nq| mvaviYZ mvZ eQ‡ii Av‡M †Kv‡bv MvQ †_‡K ivevi

msMÖn Kiv nq bv|

Aek¨ fv‡jvfv‡e Drcv`b cvIqvi Rb¨ AviI K‡qKwU eQi A‡c¶v Ki‡Z nq| ivevi

evMvb¸‡jv DcK~‡ji A`~‡i, cwienY eë¯’v DbœZ, Mv‡Qi †Mvovq †Rvqv‡ii cvwb,

cÖ‡qvRbxq kªwgK mnRjf¨, Drcvw`Z ivevi `ªyZ e›`‡i cvVv‡bv m¤¢e I we‡`‡k iev‡ii

cÖPyi Pvwn`v _vKvi Kvi‡Y gvj‡qwkqvq ivevi Avev` h‡_ó ¸iyZ¡ jvf K‡i‡Q| G‡`‡k

Ab¨vb¨ Avev`x Dw™¢‡ì g‡a¨ bvi‡Kj, cvg MvQ, Avbvim I ZvgvK D‡jøL‡hvM¨| mvevn

I mvivIqv‡K ivevi I ZvgvK Avevw` dmj wn‡m‡e Drcbœ nq| GQvov G †`‡ki GB

As‡k mv¸ I †Mvj gwiP Drcvw`Z nq|

5.4.4 : LwbR m¤ú`

AvKwiK wUb gvj‡qwkqvi cÖavb LwbR `ªe¨| G‡`‡k cÖPyi cwigv‡Y wUb cÖ ÍzKvix g~jëvb

avZz ivs cvIqv hvq| gvjq DcØxc †_‡K AvnwiZ ivs Gi cÖvq hZUzKzB cvjwjK ¯Íi

†_‡K msMÖn Kiv nq| cwðg DcK~‡ji DcZ¨Kv¸‡jv‡Z DbœZgv‡bi ivs mwÂZ i‡q‡Q|

msM„nxZ AvKwiK ivs cwi‡kva‡bi Rb¨ †cbvs G cvVv‡bv nq| wU‡bi cvZ ˆZwii Rb¨

GB ivs LyeB ¸iyZ¡c~Y© m¤ú`|

gvjq DcØx‡ci cÖvPxb n« AeevwnKv¸‡jv †_‡K Kqjv msMÖn Kiv nq| gvjqx †ijBwÄ‡b

I Ab¨vb¨ ¯qswµq hv‡b G Kqjv eëüZ nq| mvevn cvnv‡oi cv`‡`kxq GjvKvq

†c‡Ævwjqvg †¶Î¸‡jv h‡_ó ¸iyZ¡ jvf K‡i‡Q| mvivIqv‡Ki cvnv‡oi cv`‡`kxq ej‡qi

DaŸ©f½ fuv‡R ¸iyZ¡c~Y© †Zj †¶Î¸‡jv Aew¯’Z| G Qvov gvj‡qwkqvq †mvbv I AvKwiK

†jvnv D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq|

mvivsk

wbweo wPik¨vgj ebf‚wgi †`k gvj‡qwkqv| gvjq DcØx‡ci cwðg DcK‚‡ji mgf‚wg‡Z

wekvj mgf‚wg gv¨vb‡MÖvf Ges c~e© DcK~‡ji evjyKvgq GjvKvq SvD RvZxq e„‡¶i

ebf‚wg i‡q‡Q| ga¨fv‡Mi wbi¶xq ebf‚wg‡Z Avqib DW, †ivRDW, Avejym, †gnMwb,

ivevi cÖf…wZ g~jëvb k³ Kv‡Vi MvQ Ges cvg, euvk †eZ BZ¨vw` cÖPyi Rb¥vq|

gvj‡qwkqvi K…wl c×wZ `yBfv‡M wef³, h_v- †`wkq K…wl Ges Avev`x K…wl| gvjq

DcØx‡ci cwðg DcK‚jxq DcZ¨vKv¸‡jv‡Z Ges cye© DcK~jxq GjvKvq avb Drcvw`Z

nq| gvj‡qwkqvi K…lKiv ZvgvK Kc~©i, mv¸, gmjv, Kwd, †Kv‡Kv Pv I UªvwcIKv

Drcv`b K‡i| Avev`x K…wl wn‡m‡e ivevi Mv‡Pi Pvl cÖmvi jvf K‡i‡Q| GQvov bvi‡Kj,

cvg, Avbvim, ZvgvKI D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Avev`x K…wl| mvevn I mvivIqv‡K Avev`x dmj

wn‡m‡e ivevi I ZvgvK Drcbœ nq| AvKwiK wUb gvj‡qwkqvi cÖavb LwbR `ªe¨| mvevn

Gi cvnv‡oi cv`‡`kxq ej‡q †Zj †¶Î¸‡jv Aew¯’Z| gvj‡qwkqvq †mvbv I AvKwiK

†jvnv D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq|

194



1. gvjq DcØx‡ci cwðg DcK~‡j †Kvb ai‡Yi ebf‚wg †`Lv hvq?

(K) cvgMv‡Qi (L) my›`yix Mv‡Qi

(M) g¨vb‡Mªvf (N) cb©‡gvPx e„‡¶i

2. gvj‡qwkqvi eb †_‡K †Kvb Mv‡Qi KvV msMÖn Kiv nq bv?

(K) Avqib DW (L) †ivRDW

(M) †gnMwb (N) RjcvB

3. †Kvb mvj †_‡K gvj‡qwkqvi ivevi Pvl ïiy n‡q‡Q?

(K) 1785 (L) 1895

(M) 1905 (N) 1995

4. mvaviYZ KZ eQi Av‡M PvlK…Z MvQ †_‡K ivevi msMÖn Kiv hvq bv?

(K) 3 eQi (L) 5 eQi

(M) 7 eQi (N) 9 eQi

5. gvj‡qwkqvi cÖavb LwbR m¤ú` †KvbwU?

(K) AvKwiK wUb (L) cÖvK…wZK M¨vm

(M) †mvbv (N) †jvnv

DËi : 1| M 2| N 3| L 4| M 5| K

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. gvj‡qwkqvi K…wlR cY¨mg~n wK wK?

2. gvj‡qwkqvq LwbR m¤ú‡ì bvg wjLyb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. gv‡jqwkqvi cÖvK…wZK Dw™¢‡ì weeiY w`b|

2. gv‡jqwkqvi K…wli weeiY w`b|

3. gvj‡qwkqvi LwbR m¤ú‡ì weeiY w`b|

195

gvj‡qwkqvi RbmsL¨v I Dbœq‡bi aviv

D‡Ïk¨


l gvj‡qwkqvi RbmsL¨v D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l RbmsL¨v mswkøó Rb¥nvi, g„Z‚¨nvi, wk¶vi nvi, bvix cyiy‡li nvi D‡jøL Ki‡Z

cvi‡eb,

l gvj‡qwkqvi Dbœqb aviv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.5.1 : RbmsL¨v

gvj‡qwkqvi RbmsL¨v cÖvq 23 wgwjqb| gymjgvbB msL¨v¸iy a‡g©i Awaevmx| AwaK

Rb¥kxjZv, Kg giYkxjZv Ges AwfMgb RbmsL¨v e„w×i wbqvgK| 1999 mv‡ji Z_¨

Abyhvqx gvj‡qwkqvi RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi eQ‡i 2.1% Rb¥nvi 26% g„Zz¨nvi 5%| wkï

g„Zz¨nvi cÖwZnvRv‡i 8wU AwfMgb nvi 0%| RbmsL¨v e„w× w¯’wZkxj ivLvi Rb¨ cwievi

cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q| cwiKwíZfv‡e Rbm¤ú` Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b †QvU cwievi

MVb Ges Rb¥nvi Kwg‡q Avbvi Rb¨ Rb¥ kvm‡bi wewfbœ c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡”Q|

G‡`‡k 59% gvjqx I Ab¨vb¨ †`wkq †jvK, ˆPwbK 32% Ges fviZxq 9%| †gvU

RbmsL¨vi 84% wkw¶Z| G‡ì g‡a¨ cyiyl 86% Ges gwnjv 70%| 15 eQi I Gi

†ewk eq‡mi mK‡jB wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡i|

5.5.2 : Dbœq‡bi aviv

1957 mv‡ji 31 †k AvM÷ hy³iv‡Rï kvmb †_‡K gy³ n‡q gvj‡qwkqv ¯vaxb ivóª

wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk K‡i| Gici †_‡K †`kwU µgk DbœwZi w`‡K GwM‡q hv‡”Q|

K…wl‡¶‡Î DbœwZi aviv †ewk| wk‡í, we‡kl K‡i ¶z`ª I KzwUi wk‡í DbœwZi aviv Ae¨vnZ

ivLvi Rb¨ miKvi h‡_ó m‡Pó| †`‡k cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq kªgkw³ Kg _vKvq eÜz

ivóª ‡jv †_‡K Rbkw³ Avg`vwb K‡i K…wl, wkí I eëmv-evwY‡Rï wewfbœ †¶‡Î wb‡qvM

Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki eû †jvK gvj‡qwkqvq PvKzix K‡i| Kzqvjvjvgcyi gvj‡qwkqvi

ivRavbx, RR©UvDb †cbvi Gi cÖavb bMi, †Zvbvs †`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb mgy`ª e›ì|

wk¶v †¶‡ÎI gvj‡qwkqvi Dbœqb cwijw¶Z nq| eZ©gv‡b kZKiv 84 fvM †jvKB

wkw¶Z, G‡`‡ki cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK wk¶v me©Rbxb I A‰eZwbK wKšÍz eva¨Zvg~jK bq|

me we`¨vjqB miKvix|

mvivsk

RbmsL¨v e„w×i wbqvgK AwaK Rb¥kxjZv, Kg giYkxjZv I AwfMgb| gvj‡qwkqvq

cwievi cwiKíbv MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g RbmsL¨v e„w× w¯’wZkxj ivLv nq| †QvU cwievi MVb

Ges Rb¥nvi Kwg‡q Avbvi †¶‡Î cwiKwíZfv‡e Rbm¤ú` Dbœq‡bi cÖ‡qvR‡b

Rb¥kvm‡bi wewfbœ c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q| †`kwU 1957 mv‡j hy³iv‡Rï kvmb

cvV 5.5

196

†_‡K gy³ n‡q ¯vaxb ivóª wn‡m‡e AvZ¥cÖKvk Kivi ci µgk DbœwZi w`‡K GwM‡q

P‡j‡Q| gvj‡qwkqvi K…wl †¶‡Î DbœwZi aviv me‡P‡q †ewk| Kzqvjvjvgcyi gvj‡qwkqvi

ivRavbx I †cbvs †`‡ki Ab¨Zg cÖavb mgy`ªe›`i| 15 eQi Gi †ewk eq‡mi mK‡jB

wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡i|



1. gvj‡qwkqvi RbmsL¨v KZ?

(K) 20 wgwjqb (cÖvq) (L) 22 wgwjqb (cÖvq)

(M) 23 wgwjqb (cÖvq) (N) 25 wgwjqb (cÖvq)

2. gvj‡qi RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi KZ?

(K) 2.1% (L) 2.2%

(M) 4.2% (N) 3.1%

3. gvj‡qwkqvi KZ eQ‡ii †ewk mevB wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡i?

(K) 6 eQi (L) 12 eQi

(M) 15 eQi (N) 18 eQi

4. gvj‡qwkqvi cÖv_wgK I gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wk¶v wKiƒc?

(K) eva¨Zvg~jK (L) A‰eZwbK

(M) me©Rbxb I A‰eZwbK (N) A‰eZwbK I eva¨Zvg~jK

5. KLb gvj‡qwkqv hy³iv‡R¨i KvQ †_‡K ¯vaxbZv jvf K‡iwQj|

(K) 1357 mv‡j (L) 1947 mv‡j

(M) 1957 mv‡j (N) 1967 mv‡j

DËi : 1| M 2| K 3| M 4| M 5| M

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. gvj‡qwkqvi Dbœq‡bi avivi KviYmg~‡ni weeiY w`b|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. gvj‡qwkqvi RbmsL¨vi weeiY w`b|

197

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi cwiwPwZ-AvqZb I Ae¯’vb

D‡Ïk¨


l A¶vsk I `ªvwNgvi wfwË‡Z `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi Ae¯’vb D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi AvqZb D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvbwPÎ Gu‡K `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi mxgv‡iLv wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.6.1 : `w¶Y †Kvwiqv cwiwPwZ

`w¶Y †Kvwiqv Gwkqvi GKwU ¯vaxb‡`k| GB †`kwU `~i cÖv‡P¨i †`k wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|

evsjv‡`k †_‡K `w¶Y †Kvwiqv c~e©w`‡K Aew¯’Z| Avgv‡`i †`‡ki cÖgvY mgq A‡c¶v

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi mgq 3 NÈv †ewk| Gi ivRavbxi bvg wmDj| 1991 mv‡j †`kwU

RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨c` jvf K‡i|

5.6.2 : Ae¯’vb I AvqZb

`w¶Y †Kvwiqv 32.20° DËi A¶‡iLv †_‡K 38° DËi A¶‡iLv Ges 124.40° c~e©

`ªvwNgv‡iLv †_‡K 129.30° c~e© `ªvwNgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z|

mxgv‡iLv : G‡`‡ki c~‡e© Rvcvb mvMi Ges `w¶Y I cwð‡g cxZ mvMi Aew¯’Z| Rvcvb

mvMi I cxZ mvMi ms‡hvMKvix 193 wK‡jvwgUvi cÖk¯Í †Kvwiqv cÖYvjx Rvcvb I `w¶Y

†Kvwiqvi g‡a¨ Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| †`kwUi DË‡i DËi †Kvwiqv Aew¯’Z|

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi †gvU AvqZb 99,714 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi|

mvivsk

`w¶Y †Kvwiqv c~e© Gwkqvi GKwU ¯vaxb †`k| Gi DË‡i DËi †Kvwiqv, c~‡e© Rvcvb

mvMi Ges `w¶Y I cwð‡g cxZ mvMi Aew¯’Z| †Kvwiqv cÖYvjx Rvcvb †_‡K `w¶Y

†Kvwiqv‡K c„_K K‡i‡Q| G‡`‡ki †gvU AvqZb 99,714 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| `w¶Y

†Kvwiqv 1991 mv‡j RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ c` jvf K‡i|

cvV 5.6

198



1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqv †Kvb gnv‡`‡k Aew¯’Z?

(K) Avwd«Kv (L) Gwkqv

(M) BD‡ivc (N) A‡÷ªwjqv

2. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi `w¶Y I cwðg w`‡K †Kvb mvMi Aew¯’Z?

(K) Rvcvb mvMi (L) K…ò mvMi

(M) cxZ mvMi (N) †jvwnZ mvMi

3. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi †Kvb w`‡K Rvcvb mvMi Aevw¯’Z?

(K) c~‡e© (L) cwðg

(M) DË‡i (N) `w¶‡Y

4. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi AvqZb KZ eM© wK‡jvwgUvi?

(K) 9714 (L) 89,417

(N) 98147 (N) 99,714

5. †Kvb mv‡j `w¶Y †Kvwiqv RvwZms‡Ni m`m¨ c` jvf K‡i?

(K) 1904 (L) 1910

(M) 1991 (N) 1950

DËi : 1| K 2| M 3| K 4| N 5| M

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqv mxgv‡iLvi eY©bv w`b|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi Ae¯’vb, AvqZb I mxgv‡iLv eY©bv Kiyb|

199

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi f‚-cÖK…wZ

D‡Ïk¨


l f‚-cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi fvM¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb,

l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi f‚-cÖK…wZi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb,

l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi b`x¸‡jvi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvbwPÎ Gu‡K `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi f‚-cÖvK…wZK AÂj †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.7.1 : f‚-cÖK…wZ

`w¶Y †Kvwiqv GKwU ce©Zgq †`k| G‡`‡ki DËi c~e©vsk cve©Z¨ GjvKv| G‡`‡k

cve©Z¨ †giy`ÛwU cwðg DcK‚‡ji †P‡q c~e© DcK~‡ji wbKUeZ©x| cve©Z¨ GjvKv µgk

wbPy n‡q †`‡ki gvSvgvwS ch©šÍ †b‡g G‡m‡Q| f‚-cÖvK…wZK MVb Abymv‡i G †`k‡K wZb

fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq : (1) DcK~jeZ©x mgf‚wg AÂj (2) ce©Z cv`‡`kxq AÂj Ges (3)

cve©Z¨ AÂj|

1. DcK‚jeZ©x mgf‚wg AÂj : cye© w`‡K DcK‚jeZ©x mgf‚wg msKxY©| G mgf‚wg `w¶Y

w`‡K µgk cÖk¯Í n‡q‡Q| `w¶Y I cwðg DcK‚j cÖk¯Í wbPy mgf‚wg Øviv MwVZ|

f‚wgi ¯vfvweK Xvj cwðg w`‡K|

2. ce©Z cv`‡`kxq AÂj : G AÂ‡ji †ewk GjvKv b`x DcZ¨Kv Øviv wef³ †QvU

†QvU cvnvo I wUjvi mgb¦‡q MwVZ| DuPyf‚wg¸‡jv wew¶ß Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q| cÖej

el©‡Yi d‡j G AÂ‡ji AwaKvsk ¯’vb ¶qxf‚Z n‡q‡Q|

3. cve©Z¨ AÂj : †ek K‡qKwU wew¶ß k„½, gvjf‚wg I DcZ¨Kvi mgb¦‡q cve©Z¨ AÂj

MwVZ| cve©Z¨ GjvKvi k„½¸‡jv 2,400 wgUv‡ii †ewk DuPy| GLvbKvi gvwU my`„p

MÖvbvBU wkjv Øviv MwVZ| KvBgv `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gvjf‚wg| G gvjf‚wgwU

`w¶‡Y ZvB‡nvKz ce©Z‡kªYxi m‡½ wg‡k‡Q| `w¶Y-cwð‡g gvjf‚wg c„_KKvix cÖk¯Í

wbPy I `xN© mgf‚wg ms‡hvM ¯’vcK c_ i‡q‡Q| G c_ `w¶‡Yi mgf‚wg‡K cwð‡gi

mgf‚wgi m‡½ †hvM K‡i‡Q|

5.7.2 : b`x

DcK~jxq mgf‚wg Ges cve©Z¨ GjvKvq AmsL¨ b`x i‡q‡Q| Rvcvb mvM‡i cwZZ

b`x¸‡jv cªk¯Í I bvwZ`xN©| c¶všÍ‡i, cxZ mvM‡ii w`‡K cÖevwnZ b`x¸‡jv A‡bK `~i

ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z Ges bve¨| cwðg cv‡ki b`x¸‡jv‡Z †Rvqv‡ii cvwbi D”PZv 10 wgUvi

ch©šÍ nq| †mvgvwRb, Kzs, bvKUs, n¨vbq I cyLvb G‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x|

mvivsk

`w¶Y †Kvwiqv GKwU ce©Zgq †`k| cªvK…wZK MVb Abymv‡i G †`k‡K wZb fv‡M fvM

Kiv nq (1) DcK‚jeZ©x mgf‚wg AÂj (2) ce©Z cv`‡`kxq AÂj (3) cve©Z¨ AÂj|

cvV 5.7

200

KvBgv `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ gvjf‚wg| †mvgvRb, Kzs, bvKUs, n¨vbq Ges cyLvb

G‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x|



1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqv †Kgb †`k?

(K) Rbeûj (L) ce©Zgq

(M) b`xgvZ…K (N) hy×evR

2. f‚-cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i `w¶Y †Kvwiqv‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q?

(K) Qq (L) cuvP

(M) Pvi (N) wZb

3. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi cve©Z¨ GjvKvi k„½¸‡jvi D”PZv KZ wgUv‡ii †ewk?

(K) 240 (L) 2400

(M) 3400 (N) 4200

4. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi cwÂg cv‡ki b`x¸‡jv‡Z †Rvqv‡ii mgq cvwbi D”PZv KZ wgUvi

nq?

(K) 20 (L) 15

(M) 10 (N) 5

5. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi †mvgvwRb wK?

(K) b`x (L) kni

(M) ce©Z (N) gvjf‚wg

DËi : 1| L 2| N 3| L 4| M 5| K

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi b`xmg~n wK wK?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. f‚-cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i `w¶Y †Kvwiqv‡K Kqfv‡M fvM Kiv hvq? wPÎmn eY©bv Kiyb|

201

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi Rjevqy

D‡Ïk¨


l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi Rjevqyi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvbwPÎ Gu‡K `w¶Y †Kvwiqvq cÖevwnZ evqyi w`K wb‡`©k Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.8.1 : Rjevqy

`w¶Y †Kvwiqv bvwZkx‡Zvò AÂ‡j Aew¯’Z| G‡`‡ki Rjevqy‡Z mgy‡`ªi cÖfve c~Y©gvÎvq

we`¨gvb|†`‡ki `w¶Yvs‡ki Rjevqy Dò I Av`ª©, wKšÍz Aewkóvs‡ki Rjevqy mgfvevcbœ|

†gŠmygx evqyi cÖvavb¨ mviv‡`‡ki Rjevqy‡Z cwijw¶Z nq| G‡`‡k MÖx®§Kv‡j `w¶Y-c~e©

w`K †_‡K Ges kxZKv‡j DËi-cwðg w`K †_‡K evqy cÖevwnZ nq| MÖx‡®§i †gŠmygx evqyi

cÖfv‡e GwcÖj †_‡K †m‡Þ¤i ch©šÍ G‡`‡k cÖPyi e„wócvZ nq| me‡P‡q †ewk e„wócvZ nq

Ryb gv‡m Ges Mo e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY 127 †mw›UwgUvi| Gwkqvi g~j f‚fv‡Mi Ici w`‡q

AvMZ ï®‹ †gŠmygx evqyi cÖfv‡e kxZKv‡j e„wócvZ nq bv| Gmgq Kgc‡¶ GKgvm Mo

DËvc wngv‡¼i wb‡P †b‡g hvq| G‡`‡ki ivRavbx wmD‡ji DòZv `yB gvm wngv‡¼i wb‡P

_v‡K| mv‡eK †mvwf‡qU ivwkqvi føvwWf÷‡Ki cvk¦©eZ©x kxZj GjvKv †_‡K mgy‡`ªi

Ici w`‡q AvMZ DË‡ii evqy GLv‡b cÖevwnZ nq| G evqyi cÖfv‡e `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi c~e©

DcK‚j AZ¨šÍ kxZj nq Ges ZzlvicvZ N‡U| RyjvB I AvM÷ gv‡m GLv‡b cÖvqktB

UvBdzb So †`Lv hvq| G mgq DcK‚j GjvKvi Nievwo I †bŠhvb¸‡jv S‡oi Ke‡j

c‡o ¶wZMª Í nq|

mvivsk

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi `w¶Yvs‡ki Rjevqy Dò I Av`ª© Ges Aewkóvsk mgfvevcbœ| Mªx®§Kv‡j

`w¶Y-c~e© w`K †_‡K Ges kxZKv‡j DËi-cwðg w`K †_‡K evqy cÖevwnZ nq| Mªx‡®§i

†gŠmygx evqyi cÖfv‡e GwcÖj †_‡K †m‡Þ¤i ch©šÍ e„wócvZ nq| Gwkqvi g~j f‚-fvM †_‡K

AvMZ kx‡Zi †gŠmygx evqyi cÖfv‡e GLv‡b e„wócvZ nq bv| G‡`‡ki evwl©K Mo e„wócvZ

127 †m.wg.| G‡`‡ki gvP© gv‡m ¯’j N~wY©So Ges RyjvB †_‡K AvM÷ gv‡m UvBdzb So

n‡q _v‡K| ivRavbx wmD‡ji DòZv `yB gvm wngv‡¼i wb‡P _v‡K|

cvV 5.8

202



1. `w¶Y Gwkqv g~jZ †Kvb Rjevqy AÂ‡j Aew¯’Z?

(K) giy (L) Zz›`ªv

(M) f‚-ga¨mvMixq (N) bvwZkx‡Zvò

2. wmD‡ji DòZv Kq gvm wngv‡¼i wb‡P _v‡K?

(K) `yB (L) wZb

(M) Pvi (N) cuvP

3. `w¶Y Gwkqvi evwl©K Mo e„wócvZ KZ †m.wg?

(K) 721 (L) 712

(M) 217 (N) 127

4. †Kvb gv‡m `w¶Y †Kvwiqvq ¯’j So n‡q _v‡K?

(K) Rvbyqvwi (L) gvP©

(M) Ryb (N) b‡f¤i

DËi : 1| N 2| K 3| N 4| L

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi e„wócv‡Zi weeiY w`b|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi Rjevqyi weeiY w`b|

203

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`

D‡Ïk¨


l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb,

l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb,

l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi gvbwPÎ Gu‡K wewfbœ cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡ì eÈb †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.9.1 : `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvq cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cÖvK…wZK Dw™¢ , K…wlRvZ cY¨ Ges

LwbR m¤ú`|

cÖvK…wZK Dw™¢ : `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi cÖvK…wZK Dw™¢‡ì cÖvPyh© †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| GLvbKvi

ebf‚wg‡Z mijeM©xq MvQ I cvZvSiv Mv‡Qi wgkªY i‡q‡Q| †`‡ki cve©Z¨ GjvKvq

cvZvSiv Mv‡Qi eb Ges `w¶‡Yi mgf‚wg GjvKvq bvwZkx‡Zvò e„wóeûj eb †`Lv hvq|

cve©Z¨ GjvKvi MvQ¸‡jv‡Z MÖx®§Kv‡j NbmeyR cÖk¯Í cvZv MRvq| kxZKv‡j Gme Mv‡Qi

cvZv S‡i c‡o| Gjg, †gcj, wjb‡fb, evP© I G¨vk QvovI †mvRv Muywoi k³ jvj cvBb

Gme e‡b R‡b¥| `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi †gvU f‚-fv‡Mi 65 kZvs‡k ebf‚wg i‡q‡Q| e¨vcKfve

MvQ KvUv I Ae‡njvi d‡j AwaKvsk GjvKv µgk Db¥y³ n‡q co‡Q| eZ©gv‡b ebvq‡bi

cÖ‡Póv †Rvi`vi Kiv n‡q‡Q|

K…wl : `w¶Y †Kvwiqv A_©‰bwZK w`K †_‡K g~jZ K…wlcÖavb †`k| †`‡ki 20.6% Rwg

K…wli AšÍM©Z| DcK~jxq mgf‚wg AÂ‡ji 8% GjvKvq Ges cve©Z¨ b`x DcZ¨Kv¸‡jv‡Z

e¨vcKfv‡e K…wlKvR Kiv nq| cÖavbZ MÖx‡®§i †gŠmygx e„wócv‡Zi Ici wbf©i K‡i

MÖx®§Kv‡j K…lK‡ì Kg©e¨¯ÍZv †e‡o hvq| kxZKv‡j K…wlf‚wg‡Z cvwb‡mP K‡i Pvlvev`

Kiv nq| †`‡ki 80% †jvK Pvlvev‡ì m‡½ RwoZ| G‡`‡k gvQwkKvi ¸iyZ¡c~Y© wØZxq

ch©v‡qi †ckv| GwcÖj gv‡m e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY me‡P‡q Kg| wKšÍz G e„wó avb Pv‡li Rb¨

¸iyZ¡c~Y©| cÖ_g e„wócv‡Zi w`b¸‡jv‡Z avb MvQ¸‡jv `ªyZ †e‡o I‡V| †`‡ki `w¶Y I

cwðg AÂ‡j avb Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY LyeB †ewk| G †`‡k †Rvqvi, he, Mg,

mqvweb, jvjmxg ev fvUKjvB BZ¨vw` Drcbœ nq| A_©Kix dmj wn‡m‡e ZuyZ, Zzjv,

ZvgvK, kb I wRb‡ms Drcbœ nq| `w¶Y †Kvwiqvq cÖPyi ZuyZ Ges mqvweb Pvl Kiv nq|

eZ©gv‡b G‡`k †ikg Drcv`‡b L¨vwZ AR©b K‡i‡Q|

†`wkq Zzjvi cvkvcvwk GLv‡b Av‡gwiKvb D”Pf‚wgi ZzjvI cÖPyi cwigv‡Y Pvl nq|

wRb‡ms `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi GKwU Ab¨Zg K…wlRvZ dmj| Gi wkK‡oi im A‡bK †ivM

cvV 5.9

204

cÖwZ‡iva K‡i| GRb¨ †`‡k-we‡`‡k wRb‡ms Gi Pvwn`v Lye †ewk| miKvix ZË¡veav‡b

e¨vcKfv‡e wRb‡ms I ZvgvK Drcv`b Kiv nq|

K…wli DcRvZ wn‡m‡e `w¶Y †Kvwiqvq cïPviY cÖmvi jvf K‡i‡Q| AvKvi I DbœZgv‡bi

Rb¨ †Kvwiqvi Miy Ges ï‡qvi mycwiwPZ| Rvcvbmn A‡bK †`‡kB `w¶Y †Kvwiqv Miy

Ges ï‡qvi ißvwb K‡i|

LwbR : `w¶Y †Kvwiqvq LwbR m¤ú‡ì cwigvY Kg| A_©‰bwZK w`K wePvi K‡i

†Kvwiqvi LwbR m¤ú`‡K `y'fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq :

(K) cÖavb LwbR (L) mvaviY LwYR

(K) cÖavb LwbR : `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi ¸iyZ¡c~Y© Ges cÖavb LwbR n‡”Q Kqjv| G †`kwUi

A_©‰bwZK mg„w×i †¶‡Î Kqjv m¤ú‡ì ¸iyZ¡ Acwimxg| Kqjvi c‡i `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi

Ab¨vb¨ LwbR`ª‡eï g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q mxmv I MÖvdvBU|

L) mvaviY LwbR : `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi mvaviY LwbR¸‡jv msL¨vq †ewk bv n‡jI A_©‰bwZK

Dbœq‡b wKQyUv Ae`vb ivL‡Q| Gme Lwb‡Ri g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Pybvcv_i, iƒcv, `¯Ív, AvKwiK

†jvnv, Zvgv, Uvs‡÷b BZ¨vw`| `w¶Y †Kvwiqv LwbR m¤ú‡` mg„× bq Z_vwc cÖvK…wZK

m¤ú` wnmv‡e G¸‡jv h_vh_ eënvi Ges D‡Ëvj‡b `w¶Y †Kvwiqv m‡Pó|

mvivsk

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvq mijeM©xq I cvZSiv Mv‡Qi wgkªY †`Lv hvq| cve©Z¨ GjvKv cvZvSiv

Mv‡Qi Ges mgf‚wg GjvKvq e„wóeûj eb i‡q‡Q| †`‡ki gvÎ 20.6% fvM Rwg

K…wlKv‡Ri AšÍM©Z| avb cÖavb K…wlRvZ dmj; †`‡ki cwðg I `w¶YvÂ‡j MÖx®§Kv‡j

av‡bi Qvl nq| we‡kl A_©Kix dmj wn‡m‡e ZuyZ, mqvweb, Zzjv, ZvgvK, kb I wRb‡ms

Drcbœ nq| Kqjv G‡`‡ki cÖavb LwbR m¤ú`|

GLv‡b ¯í cwigv‡Y Pybvcv_i, iƒcv, `¯Ív, Uvs‡÷b, AvKwiK †jvn, Zvgv, mxmv, MÖvdvBU

cvIqv hvq|

205



1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi †gvU f‚-fv‡Mi kZKiv KZ As‡k ebf‚wg i‡q‡Q?

(K) 35 (L) 45

(M) 65 (N) 85

2. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi †gvU f‚-fv‡Mi KZ kZvs‡k K…wl KvR nq?

(K) 10.3 (L) 20.6

(M) 30.2 (N) 40.8

3. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi RbM‡Yi wØZxq ch©v‡qi †ckv †KvbwU?

(K) mewR Pvl (L) dj Pvl

(M) cï cvjb (N) gvQ wkKvi

4. †Kvb dmjwU `w¶Y †Kvwiqvq miKvix ZË¡veav‡b Drcv`b Kiv nq?

(K) wRb‡ms (L) ZuyZ

(M) avb (N) mqvweb

DËi : 1| M 2| L 3| N 4| K

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`¸‡jv wK wK?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi cÖvK…wZK m¤ú‡`i msw¶ß weeiY w`b|

206

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi RbmsL¨v I Dbœq‡bi aviv

D‡Ïk¨


l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi wewfbœ eq‡mi RbmsL¨vi kZKiv nvi D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi RbmsL¨vi Rb¥ nvi, g„Zy¨nvi I e„w×i nvi D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi RbmsL¨vi Dbœq‡bi aviv eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.10.1 : `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi RbmsL¨v I Dbœq‡bi aviv

RbmsL¨v : weMZ `ywU `k‡K `w¶Y †Kvwiqvq weÁvb I cÖhyw³ Dbœq‡bi †Quvqv‡Z RbM‡Yi

AfvweZ Dbœqb mvwaZ n‡q‡Q| wk¶v, ¯v¯’ , gv_vwcQy Avq, Mo Avqy BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î cÖe„w×

n‡q‡Q| 1999 mv‡ji RyjvB Gi Z‡_¨ †`Lv hvq †h, †`kwUi †gvU RbmsL¨v cÖvq 47

wgwjqb| GB †`‡k 0-14 eQ‡ii eq‡mi RbmsL¨v 22%, 15-64 eQi eq‡mi RbmsL¨v

71% Ges 65 I Zvi DaŸ© eq‡mi RbmsL¨v 7%| `w¶Y †Kvwiqvq RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi

1.04%, Rb¥nvi 15%, g„Zz¨nvi 6%, wbU AwfMgb nvi 0.9%, wkï g„Zz¨nvi cÖwZ

nvRv‡i 11% G‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi AwaKvskB cxZ bi‡Mvôxf‚³| GQvov G‡`‡k wewfbœ

DcRvZxq cðvrc` †jvKI emevm K‡i| ˆPwbK‡ì msL¨v cÖvq 20,000 Rb| 15 eQi

Gi DaŸ© eq‡mi mK‡jB wjL‡Z I co‡Z cv‡i| †gvU RbmsL¨vi 98% wkw¶Z| Zb¥‡a¨

cyiyl 99% I gwnjv 94% wkw¶Z| G‡`‡ki gvby‡li eZ©gvb Mo Avqy¯‹vj 74 ermi|

5.10.2 : Dbœq‡bi aviv

`w¶Y †Kvwiqv `xN©w`b civaxbZvi bvMcv‡k Ave× wQj| 1948 mv‡ji 15B AvM÷

we‡`wk kvmb †_‡K gy³ n‡q‡Q| Gici †`kwU µgk A_©‰bwZK w`K †_‡K DbœwZ jvf

Ki‡Q|G‡`‡ki MwZkxj A_©‰bwZK DbœwZi cðv‡Z i‡q‡Q ißvwbgyLx A_©‰bwZi

cwiKwíZ Dbœqb| 1986 †_‡K 1991 Gi gaëZ©x mg‡q evwl©K Mo cÖK…Z wRwWwc 10%

e„w× †c‡q‡Q| my`„p kªg evRvi, gy`ªvùxwZi cÖej Pvc Ges e¨vs‡K gy`ªv mÂ‡qi `ªyZ e„w×i

gva¨‡g G‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K Pv½v K‡i ivLv n‡q‡Q| G‡`‡ki cÖvq 2 †KvwU †jvK kªg

kw³i AšÍM©Z| PvKwi I Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡R 52%, LwbR D‡Ëvjb I wk‡í 27% Ges K…wl,

gvQ wkKvi I ebR m¤ú` msMÖ‡ni Kv‡R 21% †jvK wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| me©‡kl 1998

mv‡ji cwimsL¨vb Abyhvqx †`Lv hvq G‡`‡ki †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi gvÎ 1.9%| †ij c_ I

moK c‡_i gva¨‡g G †`‡k †hvMv‡hvM eë¯’v fv‡jv| †`‡ki `w¶Y-c~e©vs‡k †hvMv‡hvM

eë¯’v me‡P‡q DËg| wmDj `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi ivRavbx| cymvb cÖvPxbZg I e„nËg e›ì|

DbœZgv‡bi †cvkvK `ªe¨, B‡j±ªwb·, Kw¤úDUvi hš¿vsk I AvaywbK RvnvR wkí †Kvwiqv‡K

Gwkqvi Ab¨Zg GKwU mg„×kvjx †`k wnmv‡e M‡o Zz‡j‡Q|

cvV 5.10

208

mvivsk

`w¶Y †Kvwiqvi †gvU RbmsL¨v 4 †KvwU 36 j¶¨| NbZ¡ M‡o cÖwZ eM© wK‡jvwgUv‡i 437

Rb| 1995 mv‡ji Z_¨ Abymv‡i `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi RbmsL¨v e„w×i nvi 1.04%, Rb¥nvi

15.63%, g„Zz¨nvi 6.18%, wbU AwfMgb 0.9%, wkï g„Z‚¨nvi 20.9%| Rxeb cÖZ¨vkv

70-80 eQi| †`kwU 1948 mv‡j we‡`wk kvmb †_‡K gy³ n‡q µgk A_©‰bwZK w`K

†_‡K DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Q| 1986 †_‡K 1991 Gi ga¨eZ©x mg‡q evwl©K Mo cÖK…Z wRwWwc

e„w× †c‡q‡Q 10%| my`„p kªg evRvi, gy`ªvùxwZi cÖej Pvc Ges e¨vs‡K gy`ªv mÂ‡qi `ªyZ

e„w× `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi g~j KviY| G‡`‡ki cÖvq 2 †KvwU †jvK kªg

kw³i AšÍM©Z| G †`‡ki †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi LyeB Kg| GB nvi gvÎ 1.9%| wmDj `w¶Y

†Kvwiqvi ivRavbx I cymvb e„nËg e›`i|



1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi 0-14 eQ‡ii RbmsL¨vi nvi KZ fvM?

(K) 22% (L) 18%

(M) 24% (N) 30%

2. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi Rb¥nvi KZ?

(K) 10.53% (L) 16.18%

(M) 20.09% (N) 15.63%

3. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvq KZ eQ‡ii DaŸ© eq‡mi †jv‡Ki mK‡jB wjL‡Z Ges co‡Z cv‡i|

(K) 20 eQi (L) 15 eQi

(M) 10 eQi (N) 5 eQi

4. †Kvb mv‡j `w¶Y †Kvwiqv we‡`wk kvmb †_‡K gy³ nq?

(K) 1991 mv‡j (L) 1948 mv‡j

(M) 1951 mv‡j (N) 1938 mv‡j

5. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi †eKvi‡Z¡i nvi KZ?

(K) 1.9% (L) 2.8%

(M) 3.7% (N) 4.6%

DËi : 1| K 2| N 3| L 5| K

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi Dbœq‡bi avivq KviYmg~n wK?

209

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. `w¶Y †Kvwiqvi RbmsL¨vi weeiY w`b|

ga¨cÖv‡Pï AÂj cwiwPwZ : AvqZb I Ae¯’vb

D‡Ïk¨


l ga¨cÖv‡Pï †`k¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï †`k¸‡jvi ivRavbxi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï †`k¸‡jvi AvqZb ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï Ae¯’vb ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï RbmsL¨vi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï gvbwPÎ AsKb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.11.1 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï †`kmg~n

ga¨cÖv‡P¨ me©‡gvU 17wU ¯vaxb mve©‡fŠg †`k i‡q‡Q| †`k¸‡jv nj AvdMvwb¯Ívb, Bivb,

BivK, Kz‡qZ, KvZvi, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ, BmivBj, Igvb, B‡q‡gb, †mŠw` Avie,

RW©vb, wmwiqv BmivBj, †jevbb, Zzi¯‹, mvBcÖvm I wgmi| GB †`k¸‡jv mw¤§wjZfv‡e

ga¨cÖvP¨ bv‡g cwiwPZ| GKgvÎ BmivBj Qvov Ab¨ me ivóª gymwjg kvwmZ| BmivBj

ivóªwU Bûw` ivóª|

ga¨cÖv‡Pï Av‡iKwU ¯vaxb iv‡óªi cÖwZôv AwP‡iB m¤¢e| †mB ivóªwU n‡e c¨v‡j÷vBb|

1994 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤‡i gvwK©b hy³iv‡óª BmivB‡ji cÖavb gš¿x AvBR¨vK ivexb Ges

wdwjw¯—b gyw³ ms¯’vi †cÖwm‡W›U Bqvwmi Avivdv‡Zi g‡a¨ Pyw³i gva¨‡g RW©vb b`xi

cwðg Zx‡i BmivB‡ji `LjK…Z GjvKv mvgviv I †Rwi‡Kv bvgK `ywU kni Ges MvRv

wb‡q ¯^-k¦vwmZ GjvKv c¨v‡j÷vBb bv‡g MwVZ nq| †m mgq Gi AvqZb wQj 2,410

eM©wK‡jvwgUvi Ges RbmsL¨v 1731 nvRvi gvÎ| Pyw³ Abyhvqx BmivBj µgk Ab¨vb¨

kn‡iI ¯vqZ¡kvm‡bi my‡hvM †Ìqvi A½xKvi K‡i‡Q|

5.11.2 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï AvqZb

mgMÖ ga¨cÖv‡Pï †gvU AvqZb 80,13,467 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi| AÂjwU c~e©-cwð‡g 4,505

wK‡jvwgUvi Ges DËi-`w¶‡Y 3,379 wK‡jvwgUvi cÖmvwiZ| ga¨cÖv‡P¨ AvqZ‡bi w`K

†_‡K †mŠw` Avie cÖ_g, Bivb wØZxq, wgmi Z…Zxq, Zzi¯‹ PZz_© Ges AvdMvwb¯Ívb cÂg

¯’vb AwaKvi K‡i‡Q|

5.11.3 : Ae¯’vb

cvV 5.11

210

ga¨cÖv‡Pï DË‡i KvRvwK¯Ívb ZzK©‡gwb¯Ívb, K¨vw¯úqvb mvMi, AvRvievBRvb, Av‡g©wbqv,

RwR©qv, K…ò mvMi, cwð‡g GwRqvb mvMi, f‚-ga¨mvMi, wjweqv, †jvwnZ mvMi, `w¶‡Y

my`vb, Avie mvMi, I cvim¨ DcmvMi Ges c~‡e© cvwK¯Ívb Aew¯’Z| mgMÖ ga¨cÖvP¨ 13° DËi A¶‡iLv †_‡K 42° DËi A¶‡iLv Ges 25° c~e© `ªvwNgv‡iLv †_‡K 74° c~e©

`ªvwNgv‡iLvi g‡a¨ Aew¯’Z| 50° c~e© `ªvwNgv‡iLv ga¨cÖv‡Pï ga¨ w`‡q AwZµg K‡i‡Q|

5.11.4 : RbmsL¨v

1999 mv‡ji Z_¨ Abyhvqx GB AÂ‡ji †gvU RbmsL¨v 327 wgwjqb| M‡o cÖwZ

eM©wK‡jvwgUv‡i emwZi NbZ¡ 45 Rb| bxj b‡ì AeevwnKv Ges ZvBwMÖm-BD‡dªwUm

AeevwnKvq emwZi NbZ¡ A‡bK †ewk| RbmsL¨vi w`K †_‡K Zzi®‹ cÖ_g, Bivb wØZxq,

wgmi Z…Zxq, BivK PZz_© Ges †mŠwÀvie cÂg| ga¨cÖv‡Pï me‡P‡q †QvU †`k nj

mvBcÖvm| Avevi emwZ Nb‡Z¡i w`K †_‡K †jevbb cÖ_g, BmivBj wØZxq, Kz‡qZ Z…Zxq,

Zzi¯‹ PZz_© Ges wmwiqv cÂg| me‡P‡q Kg Nb‡Z¡i †`k `y‡Uv nj evnivBb Ges Igvb|

GLv‡b cÖwZ eM©wK‡jvwgUv‡i M‡o 76 Rb †jvK evm K‡i|

mviYx 5 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï wewfbœ †`‡ki AvqZb, RbmsL¨v, NbZ¡ I ivRavbx 1999|

†`‡ki bvg AvqZb RbmsL¨v NbZ¡ ivRavbx

(eM©wK‡jvwgUvi) (wgwjqb) (cÖwZ eM©wK‡jvwgUv‡i)

1. c~e©vÂj

AvdMvwb¯Ívb 6,47,497 26 40 Kveyj

Bivb 16.47,992 66 40 †Znivb

†gvU 22,95,489 92 40

2. ga¨ AÂj

BivK 4,34,921 23 53 evM`v`

Kz‡qZ 17,818 2 111 Kz‡qZ

evnivBb 68,775 1 14 gvbvgv

KvZvi 11,438 1 91 †`vnv

mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ 83,657 3 36 Aveyavex

†gvU 6,16,609 30 49 \

3. `w¶Y AÂj

†mŠw` Avie 21,49,691 21 10 wiqv`

B‡q‡gb 5,31,000 16 30 mvbv

Igvb 3,09,191 3 10 gvmKvZ

†gvU 29,90,191 40 13 \

4. cwðgvÂj

Zzi¯‹ 7,80,242 66 85 Av¼viv

wmwiqv 1,85,184 16 86 `v‡g¯‹

RW©vb 97,738 5 61 Av¤§vb

211

†jevbb 10,394 4 400 êiyZ

BmivBj 26,922 6 222 †Zj Avwee

wgmi 10,01,446 67 67 Kvq‡iv

mvBcÖvm 9,252 1 111 wb‡Kvwkqv

†gvU 21,11,178 165 78 \

Drm : PRB.1999 Population Data Sheet, 1999.

5.11.5 : Awaevmx‡ì RvwZ aviv-ag©-fvlv

ga¨cÖv‡Pï AwaKvsk Awaevmx K‡Kkxq| GLv‡b Bmjvg, wLª÷vb, Bû`x, `ªyR Ges me©

cÖvYev‡` wek¦vmx †jvK evm Ki‡jI gymjgvb‡ì msL¨v kZKiv 96 Rb| gymjgvb‡ì

g‡a¨ mybœx I wkqv m¤úª v‡qi †jvK i‡q‡Q| Awaevmxiv ¯’vb‡f‡` Aviex, divmx I ckR

fvlvq K_v e‡j| Gme †`‡k Bs‡iwR Rvbv †jv‡Ki msL¨v Kg|

mvivsk

ga¨cÖvP¨ 17wU ¯vaxb †`k wb‡q MwVZ, c¨v‡j÷vBb ga¨cÖv‡Pï GKwU ¯^-kvwmZ GjvKv|

ga¨cÖv‡Pï DË‡i KvRvwK¯Ívb, ZzK©‡gwb¯Ívb, Kvw¯úqvb mvMi, AvRvievBRvb, Av‡g©wbqv,

RwR©qv, K…ò mvMi, cwð‡g GwRqvb mvMi, f‚ga¨mvMi, wjweqv, †jvwnZ mvMi, `w¶‡Y

my`vb, Avie mvMi I cvim¨ DcmvMi Ges c~‡e© cvwK¯Ívb Aew¯’Z| ga¨cÖv‡Pï †gvU

AvqZb 80,13,467 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi| GB AÂ‡ji emwZ NbZ¡ cÖwZ eM©wK‡jvwgUv‡i gvÎ

31 Rb| GB AÂ‡j Bmjvg, Bûw`, wLª÷vb, `ªyR ag©vej¤x †jvK emevm K‡i G‡ì g‡a¨

gymjgvb‡ì msL¨v kZKiv 96 Rb| ga¨cÖv‡Pï AwaKvsk Awaevmx K‡Kkxq bi‡Mvôx

f‚³|



1. ga¨cÖv‡P¨ KqwU ¯vaxb ivóª Av‡Q?

(K) 15 (L) 17

(M) 20 (N) 27

2. †KvbwU ga¨ cÖv‡Pï ¯^-kvwmZ GjvKv?

(K) Igvb (L) KvZvi

(M) mvBcÖvm (N) c¨v‡j÷vBb

3. AvqZ‡bi w`K w`‡q ga¨cÖv‡Pï me‡P‡q eo †`k †KvbwU?

(K) Bivb (L) BivK

(M) †mŠw` Avie (N) mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ

4. mgMÖ ga¨cÖv‡Pï AvqZb KZ eM© wK‡jvwgUvi?

(K) 80,13,467 (L) 70,23,357

(M) 60,13,247 (N) 50,03,137

212

5. ga¨ cÖv‡Pï †Kvb †`kwUi RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ me‡P‡q †ewk?

(K) KvZvi (L) Zzi¯‹

(M) †jevbb (N) †mŠw` Avie

6. †Kvb c~e© `ªvwNgv †iLvwU ga¨cÖv‡Pï ga¨ w`‡q wM‡q‡Q?

(K) 40 (L) 50

(M) 60 (N) 80

7. B‡q‡gb Gi ivRavbx †KvbwU?

(K) wiqv` (L) Av¤§vb

(M) mvbv (N) †`vnv

8. ga¨cÖv‡Pï Awaevmx‡ì kZKiv KZfvM Awaevmx gymjgvb?

(K) 66 (L) 76–

(M) 86 (N) 96

DËi : 1| M 2| N 3| M 4| K 5| M 6| L 7| M 8| N

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï Awaevmx‡ì ag©mg~n wK wK?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï Ae¯’vb I AvqZb eY©bv Kiyb|

213

cvV 5.12

ga¨cÖv‡Pï f~-cÖK…wZ

D‡Ïk¨


l ga¨cÖvP¨‡K cÖvK…wZK MVb Abymv‡i KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï cÖvK…wZK wefvM¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï cÖvK…wZK wefvM¸‡jvi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb;

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï gvbwPÎ Gu‡K cÖvK…wZK AÂj¸‡jv †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.12.1 : f‚-cÖK…wZ

cÖvK…wZK MVb Abymv‡i ga¨cÖv‡P¨ cÖavbZ (K) cve©Z¨ AÂj (2) gvjf‚wg I DuPy f‚wg

AÂj Ges (3) mgf‚wg AÂj GB wZb fv‡M wef³|

5.12.2 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï cÖvK…wZK AÂj

1. cve©Z¨ AÂj : cvgxi gvjf‚wg †_‡K cwðg w`‡K cÖmvwiZ wn›`yKzk ce©Z

AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi DËivs‡k Aew¯’Z| Biv‡bi DË‡i GjeyR© Ges `w¶‡Yi Rv‡MÖvm ce©Z

`ywU cwð‡g AMÖmi n‡q Av‡g©wbqv MÖwš’‡Z wg‡k‡Q| Av‡g©wbqv MÖwš’ †_‡K cwðg w`‡K

†ewi‡q Avmv cw›UK I Uvivm bv‡g cwiwPZ ce©Z `ywU h_vµ‡g Zzi‡¯‹i DË‡i I

`w¶‡Y Aew¯’Z|

2. gvjf‚wg I DuPy AÂj : DË‡i wn›`yKzk I GjeyR© Ges `w¶‡Y RvMÖm ce©‡Zi g‡a¨

Aew¯’Z Bivb gvjf‚wg cÖK…Zc‡¶ †ejywP¯Ívb, AvdMvwb¯Ívb I Biv‡bi AwaKvsk

GjvKv `Lj K‡i‡Q| GB gvjf‚wgi D”PZv 902 †_‡K 1,504 wgUv‡ii g‡a¨| Mo

D”PZv 1,200 wgUvi Ges ga¨fvM A‡c¶vK…Z wbPy|

cw›UK I Uvivm ce©ZØ‡qi g‡a¨ Avbv‡Zvwjqv gvjf‚wg (ev Gwkqv gvBbi gvjf‚wg)

Aew¯’Z| Gi Mo D”PZv 750 wgUvi| GB gvjf‚wg µgk cwðg w`‡K Xvjy n‡q‡Q|

Avie gvjf‚wg cÖvq mg¯Í Avie DcØxc I wmbvB DcØxc wb‡q MwVZ| Gi cwðgvsk

h‡_ó DuPy Ges c~‡e© cvim¨ DcmvM‡ii w`‡K µgk Xvjy n‡q mgf‚wgi m‡½ wg‡k‡Q|

c~e© wgk‡i bxj b‡ì c~‡e© wKQy DuPyf‚wg i‡q‡Q|

3. mgf‚wg AÂj : Biv‡Ki UvBwMÖm I BD‡d«wZ‡mi gaëZ©x †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv Ges wgm‡ii

bxj b‡ì AeevwnKv ga¨cÖv‡Pï cÖavb mgf‚wg AÂj| b`xwe‡aŠZ G mgf‚wgØq

cwjgvwU mg„× nIqvq h‡_ó De©i| GQvov Kvw¤úqvb mvM‡ii cv‡k DËi Biv‡bi

mgf‚wg, cvim¨ DcmvM‡ii cwð‡g †mŠwÀvie, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ I Kz‡q‡Zi

mgf‚wg, Avie DcØx‡ci cwð‡g †jvwnZ mvM‡ii cv‡k© `xN© msKxY© mgf‚wg Ges DËi

AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b Avgy`wiqvi `w¶Y cv‡k ¯í cwimi mgf‚wg i‡q‡Q|

mvivsk

cÖvK…wZK MVb Abymv‡i ga¨ cÖvP¨‡K (1) cve©Z¨ AÂj (2) gvjf‚wg I EuPyf‚wg AÂj Ges

(3) mgf‚wg AÂ‡j wef³ Kiv nq| ga¨cÖv‡Pï A‡bK †`‡ki cÖvšÍ mxgvq Ges Af¨šÍi

214

fv‡M †hme ce©Z i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv nj- cw›UK, Uvivm, wn›`yKzk, GjeyR©, Rv‡MÖvm, cÖf…wZ|

Avbvqv‡Zvwjqv Ges Avie cÖavb gvjf‚wg AÂj| †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv Ges bxj AeevwnKv ga¨

cÖv‡P¨i cÖavb mgf‚wg AÂj|

215



1. cÖvK…wZK MVb Abymv‡i ga¨cÖvP¨‡K KqwU AÂ‡j fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q?

(K) 3 wU (L) 4wU

(M) 5wU (N) 6wU

2. AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi DËivs‡k †Kvb ce©ZwU Aew¯’Z?

(K) cw›UK (L) Uvivm

(M) Rv‡MÖvm (N) wn›`yKzk

3. †h gvjf‚wg AvdMvwb¯Ívb I Biv‡bi AwaKvsk GjvKv K‡i‡Q Zvi Mo D”PZv KZ

wgUvi?

(K) 920 (L) 1200

(M) 1504 (N) 1608

4. Biv‡Ki UvBwMÖm I BD‡d«wUmi gaëZ©x mgf‚wg AÂj wU wK bv‡g cwiwPZ?

(K) Avbv‡Zvwjqv (L) GjeyR©

(M) †g‡mvc‡Uwgqv (N) bxj AeevwnKv

DËi : 1| K 2| N 3| L 4| K

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï AvqZb wjLyb|

2. ga¨cÖv‡Pï Ae¯’vb wjLyb|

3. ga¨cÖv‡Pï 5wU †`‡ki bvg I ivRavbxi bvg wjLyb|

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï f‚-cÖK…wZi weeiY w`b|

216

cvV 5.13

ga¨cÖv‡Pï Rjevqy

D‡Ïk¨


l ga¨cÖv‡Pï Rjevqyi êwkó¨ D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï Rjevqy AÂj¸‡jvi bvg D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l Rjevqy AÂj¸‡jvi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb,

l gvbwPÎ Gu‡K Rjevqy AÂj¸‡jv †`Lv‡Z cvi‡eb|

cvV 5.13.1 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï Rjevqyi êwkó¨

ga¨cÖv‡Pï msKxY© cwðg DcK~‡j kxZKv‡j e„wócvZ nq| Ab¨ me RvqMvq e„wócv‡Zi

cwigvY LyeB Kg| kxZ I MÖx®§ FZzi ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ LyeB †ewk| Pigfvevcbœ Rjevqy

G AÂ‡ji êwkó¨| AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b ¯í cwigvY el©‡Yi AwaKvskB Zzlvi AvKv‡i cwZZ

nq| kxZKv‡j Bivb gvjf‚wg‡Z Zxeª kxZ Abyf‚Z nq Ges iv‡Z Zzlvi c‡o| MÖx‡®§

AvKvk †gNk~b¨ I evZvm ï®‹ _v‡K e‡j ZLb Amn¨ DËvc Abyf‚Z nq| Biv‡K

kxZKv‡j f‚ga¨mvMi †_‡K Avmv NywY©evqyi cÖfv‡e e„wó nq|cÖPÛ DËvc MÖx®§Kv‡ji

êwkó¨|Zzi‡¯‹i f‚ga¨mvMi DcK~j me‡P‡q Dò| GwRqvb mvMi DcK~‡ji DcZ¨Kv¸‡jv

kxZj, MÖx®§ I kxZjZi kxZ FZz Dc‡fvM K‡i| wmwiqv DcK~‡j kxZKv‡j e„wó nq|

wKš—z †`‡ki Af¨šÍi e„wónxb I ï®‹ _v‡K| `w¶Y wmwiqvq giyf‚wg m„wó n‡q‡Q| RW©v‡b

MÖx®§Kvj e„wónxb Ges kxZKv‡j e„wó nq|

†jevbb, c¨v‡j÷vBb I BmivB‡j f‚ga¨mvMixq Rjevqy cwijw¶Z nq| †mŠw` Avie

e„wónxb, ï®‹ I giygq †`k|

5.13.2 : Rjevqy AÂj

mgy`ª †_‡K `~iZ¡, gnvmvMixq Ae¯’vb I ¯’vbxq f‚wgiƒ‡ci cÖfv‡ei Ici wfwË K‡i

ga¨cÖv‡Pï Rjevqy AÂj‡K cÖavbZ wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|

1. Dò giy Rjevqy AÂj : Avie DcØxc I wgki G Rjevqyi AšÍM©Z| `w¶Y wmwiqv I

`w¶Y BivK, RW©vb, †mŠw` Avie, B‡q‡gb, Igvb, mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ I KvZv‡i

kxZ I MÖx‡®§i DòZvi ZviZg¨ Lye †ewk Ges evZvm cÖvq memgq Rjxq ev®únxb

Ae¯’vq _v‡K| N~wY©evqyi cÖfv‡e K`vwPr e„wó nq|

2. kxZj giy Rjevqy AÂj : Bivb I AvdMvwb¯Ívb G Rjevqyi AšÍM©Z| ce©ZcÖvPxi

Øviv †ewóZ nIqvq Rjxqev®ú cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| d‡j GB AÂj e„wónxb|

D”PZv †ewk nIqvq GLv‡b Rjevqy †ek kxZj| kxZ I MÖx‡®§i DòZvi cv_©K¨ Lye

†ewk| Rjevqy Pigfvevcbœ|

3. f‚ga¨mvMixq Rjevqy AÂj : Zzi¯‹, wmwiqv, †jevbb, c¨v‡j÷vBb, BmivBj, wmbvB

DcØxc, mvBcÖvm Øxc I wgk‡ii Askwe‡k‡l GB Rjevqy Abyf‚Z nq| cÖZ¨vqb evqyi

cÖfv‡e GLv‡b kxZKv‡j cÖPyyi e„wócvZ nq| ¯’jfvM †_‡K AvMZ ï®‹ Avqb evqyi

217

cÖfv‡e GLv‡b MÖx®§Kv‡j e„wó nq bv| Aek¨ mvMi †_‡K †Kv‡bv AskB `~‡i Aew¯’Z

bv nIqvq GB AÂ‡ji Rjevqy Pigfvevcbœ bq|

mvivsk

ga¨cÖv‡Pï AwaKvsk GjvKvq Pigfvevcbœ Rjevqy †`Lv hvq| GLv‡b kxZ I MÖx‡®§i

DòZvi cv_©K¨ cÖPyi| GKgvÎ msKxY© cwðg DcK~j Qvov Ab¨me RvqMvq e„wócv‡Zi

cwigvY Lye Kg| mgy`ª n‡Z `~iZ¡, gnv‡`kxq Ae¯’vb I ¯’vbxq f‚wgiƒ‡ci cÖfv‡ei

wfwË‡Z ga¨cÖvP¨‡K wZbwU Rjevqy AÂ‡j wef³ Kiv nq| AÂj¸‡jv nj (1) Dò †giy

AÂj (2) kxZj giy AÂj Ges (3) f‚ga¨mvMixq Rjevqy AÂj|



1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï msKxY© cwðg DcK‚‡j KLb e„wócvZ nq?

(K) MÖx®§Kv‡j (L) kirKv‡j

(M) kxZKv‡j (N) emšÍKv‡j

2. ga¨cÖv‡Pï †Kvb †`kwU cÖvq e„wónxb?

(K) †mŠw` Avie (L) BivK

(M) Bivb (N) BmivBj

3. ga¨cÖv‡Pï †Kvb †`kwU Dò giy Rjevqy AÂ‡ji AšÍM©Z bq?

(K) RW©vb (L) Igvb

(M) B‡q‡gb (N) mvBcÖvm

4. ga¨cÖv‡Pï †Kvb `yywU †`k kxZj giy Rjevqy AÂ‡ji AšÍfy©³?

(K) BivK I Igvb (L) Zzi¯‹ I wmwiqv

(M) Bivb I AvdMvwb¯Ívb (N) RW©vb I †mŠw` Avie

DËi: 1| M 2| K 3| N 4| M

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï Rjevqyi cÖavb cÖavb êwkó¨ wK?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï Rjevqy AÂj¸‡jvi weeiY w`b|

5.14

ga¨cÖv‡Pï LwbR m¤ú`

D‡Ïk¨


l ga¨cÖv‡Pï D‡jøL‡hvM¨ LwbR m¤ú`¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb,

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï †Kv_vq †Kvb LwbR †ewk cvIqv hvq Zv D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb,

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï LwbR m¤ú` D‡jøL‡hvM¨fv‡e D‡ËvwjZ bv nIqvi KviY¸‡jv ej‡Z

cvi‡eb,

218

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï †h me †`k LwbR †Zj †ewk D‡Ëvjb K‡i †m me †`‡ki bvg I

Drcv`‡bi cwigvY D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.14.1 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï LwbR m¤ú`

ga¨cÖv‡Pï cÖvq meKwU †`‡kB g~jëvb LwbR m¤ú` mwÂZ i‡q‡Q| GB GjvKvi LwbR

m¤ú‡ì g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q †Zj, M¨vm, ¯Y©, AvKwiK †jvnv, mxmv, iƒcv, MÜK, jeb, Kqjv,

Zvgv, wb‡Kj, `¯Ív, †KvgvBU, †eviv·, cUvk, dm‡dU, wkjv I gg©i cv_i BZ¨vw`|

AbybœZ cwienb eë¯’v I cÖhyw³ Áv‡bi mxgve×Zv _vKvq g~jëvb LwbR m¤ú` AvniY

Kiv m¤¢e nqwb|

5.14.2 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï LwbR m¤ú` cÖvwß¯’vb

AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b AvKwiK Zvgv, AvKwiK †jvnv, mxmv, iƒcv, MÜK I jeY cÖPyi cwigv‡Y

mwÂZ _vK‡jI D‡Ëvjb Kiv nqwb| Kzw`© Ív‡b AvKwiK †jvnv, wn›`yKz‡k AvKwiK Zvgv

Ges nvRvivq AvKwiK mxmv mwÂZ i‡q‡Q| Bivb LwbR m¤ú‡` mg„×| wKšÍz GKgvÎ

LwbR‡Zj Qvov Ab¨vb¨ LwbR Avni‡Y DbœZ nqwb| G‡`‡ki AwaKvsk †Zj‡¶Î `w¶Y-

cwð‡g Aew¯’Z| gmwR`-B-myjvBgvb, nvdZ‡Lj, MvPmviv, AvMvRvwi, bvdZ G mvwd`

I jvwj cÖwm× †Zj‡¶Î| Biv‡bi Avev`v‡b c„w_exi e„nËi †Zi †kvavbvMvi i‡q‡Q|

wewfbœ †Zj‡¶Î †_‡K cvBc †hv‡M Avev`v‡b †Zj cvVv‡bv nq| DËi-cwðg Biv‡b

Kqjv I AvKwiK †jvnv D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq| G‡`‡k mxmv, g¨vsMvwbR, Zvgv, wb‡Kj,

†eviv·, †µvgvBU, `¯Ív, MÜK, jeY, wkjv gg©i cv_i cvIqv hvq| †c‡Ævwjqvg Biv‡Ki

cÖavb LwbR m¤ú`| wKiKzK, LvbvwKj, nvw`Zv, nveevwb©qv, emiv I Lyeig kvn I †gvmyj

†Zj‡¶Î weL¨vZ| wKiKzK †_‡K 1,850 wK‡jvwgUvi `xN© cvBc †hv‡M f‚ga¨mvMi

DcK~‡j BmivB‡ji nvBdv e›`‡i Ges †jevb‡bi wewfbœ e›`‡i †c‡Ævwjqvg wb‡q we‡`‡k

ißvwb Kiv nq| `w¶Y Biv‡Ki bvdZ Lv‡iP D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †Zj‡¶Î| wKdwi wjMbvBU

Drcv`b K‡i| G‡`‡k ¯í cwigvY LwbR jeY I wRcmvg D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq|

Zzi¯‹ LwbR m¤ú‡` mg„×| Kqjv, AvKwiK †jvnv, Zvgv, †c‡Uªvwjqvg, AvKwiK, iƒcv,

cvi` I MÜK G‡`‡ki cÖavb LwbR `ªe¨| †jevb‡b ¯í cwigv‡Y wjMbvBU, Gmdvë I

weUzwgb cvIqv hvq| RW©v‡b cUvk, jeY I dm‡dU wkjv i‡q‡Q| BmivB‡j ¯í cwigv‡Y

g¨vsMvwbR, †mvbv, Zvgv, †µvwgqvg, mxmv I g¨vM‡bwkqvg Drcbœ nq| GQvov MÜK,

Pybvc_i, wRcmvg cvIqv hvq| G‡`‡k cUvk, †eªvgvBb I †c‡Uªvwjqvg Drcbœ nq|

†mŠwÀvi‡ei cÖavb LwbR †c‡Uªvwjqvg| G‡`‡ki kvIqvi, Ave‡KvqvBK, `vggvb, ûd‚d,

mvdvwbqv, `vnivb, KvwZK, Lyi gvwbqv cÖavb †Zj‡¶Î|

5.14.3 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï D‡jøL‡hvM¨ K‡qKwU †`‡ki †Zj Drcv`‡bi cwigvY I †¶Îmg~n

†`k 1993 mv‡ji †Zj D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †¶Î

Drcv`b

(†KvwU †gwUªKUb)

†mŠw` Avie 42.80 eviMvb, `vnivb, KzqvwZd

`v¤§vb, ûd‚d I mvjIqv|

Bivb 17.01 nvgv`vb, †Kigvbkvn bvdUkvn,

219

jvjx I AvNRvwi|

mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ 11.47 Aveyavwe, `yevB I mviRvn

Kz‡qZ 8.15 eviMvb, gvMqvb I Avngw`

Igvb 4.26 \

KvZvi 1.89 \

BivK 1.34 †gvm~j, wKiKzK, LvbvwKb

nvw`Zv, Lyiigkvn I emiv

mvivsk

ga¨cÖv‡Pï AwaKvsk †`‡kB LwbR m¤ú` i‡q‡Q| †c‡Uªvwjqvg ga¨cÖv‡Pï cÖavb LwbR

m¤ú`| GQvov ¯’vb‡f‡` AvKwiK Zvgv, AvKwiK †jvnv, mxmv, iƒcv, †mvbv, MÜK, jeY,

g¨vsMvwbR, wb‡Kj, †eviv·, †µvgvBU, `¯Ív, gg©i cv_i, Kqjv, Avw›Ugwb, cvi`,

Gmdvë, cUvk, dm‡dU, Pybvcv_i, wRcmvg cÖf…wZ ¯í cwigv‡Y D‡Ëvjb Kiv nq|



1. ga¨ cÖv‡Pï cÖavb LwbR m¤ú` bq †KvbwU?

(K) ¯Y© (L) †jvnv

(M) Kqjv (N) †c‡Uªvwjqvg

2. ga¨cÖv‡Pï LwbR m¤ú` AvniY bv nIqvi Rb¨ †Kvb KviY `ywU `vqx?

(K) Kg Rbm¤ú` I D‡Ïv‡Mi Afve

(L) Pig Rjevqy I Pvwn`vnxbZv

(M) AbybœZ cwienb I cÖhyw³Áv‡bi Afve

(N) A_©‰bwZK `yive¯’v I ivR‰bwZK msKU|

3. ga¨cÖv‡Pï †Kvb †`kwU me‡P‡q †ewk LwbR †Zj D‡Ëvjb K‡i?

(K) KvZvi (L) †mŠw` Avie

(M) Bivb (N) evnivBb

4. †gvm~j †Kvb †`‡ki †ZjLwb?

(K) Kz‡qZ (L) Bivb

(M) BivK (N) †mŠw` Avie

DËi : 1| M 2| M 3| L 4| M

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï LwYRmg~n wK wK?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï LwbRm¤ú‡ì weeiY wjLyb|

cvV 5.15

ga¨cÖv‡Pï wkí

D‡Ïk¨


220

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï wewfbœ wkí¸‡jvi bvg ej‡Z cvi‡eb,

l ga¨cÖv‡Pï wk‡íi eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

5.15.1 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï wkí

mvgMÖxKfv‡e ga¨cÖv‡Pï A‡bK †`kB wk‡í mg„× bq| Aaybv †`k¸wj †hme wk‡í mg„w×

jvf K‡i‡Q Zvig‡a¨ †Zj‡kvab, wm‡g›U, wPwb, Kvc©vm, †ikg, ckg, eqb, mvevb,

myMwÜ, jeb, dj cÖwµqvRvZKiY, ivevi U¨vbvwi I wmMv‡iU|

5.15.2 : ga¨cÖv‡Pï wewfbœ †`‡ki wkí

Bivb : Bivb AvaywbK hš¿ wk‡í DbœwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| G‡`‡ki wewfbœ wk‡íi g‡a¨ wm‡g›U,

wPwb, Kvc©vm, †ikg I ckg, eqb I Zvwc©b Drcv`b cÖwm×| ZvweªR I B¯úvnvb ckg

wk‡í; gvnwi, ZvweªR, GR` I †Znivb Kvc©vm eqb wk‡í; Pvj~m †ikg wk‡í; KvivR,

KvnwiRvK I kvnev` wPwb wk‡í DbœwZ jvf K‡i‡Q| GQvov G‡`‡k wmMv‡iU, mvevb, KuvP

dj I Pvgov msi¶Y wkí M‡o D‡V‡Q|

BivK : BivK hvwš¿K wk‡í we‡kl DbœwZ jvf K‡iwb| G‡`‡ki wk‡íi g‡a¨ eqb,

wm‡g›U, mvevb, wmMv‡iU I Dw™¢R †Zj wkí D‡jøL‡hvM¨| eqb wk‡íi g‡a¨ K¤j Kv‡c©U,

ckg, Kvc©vm, †ikg e¯¿ cÖwm×| eZ©gv‡b ivmvqwbK wkí, wPwb wkí I †Zj †kvabvMvi

wkí ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| G‡`‡ki kZKiv 90 fvM wkí evM`v‡` Ges Ab¨vb¨ wkí, †gvm~j,

wKiKzK I emiv AÂ‡j cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q|

Zzi¯‹ : Zzi‡¯‹ wPwb, Kvc©vm eqb, ckg eqb, KuvP, Wzgyi msi¶Y, `y»RvZ `ªe¨ I †Mvjvc

wbh©vm wkí weKvk jvf K‡i‡Q|

†jevbb : †jevb‡b Kvc©vm, †ikg, †iqb wkí M‡o D‡V‡Q| êiy‡Z avZzi KvR KzwUi

wk‡í cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| Lv`¨km¨ cÖwµqvRvZKiY †jevb‡bi Avi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkí|

RW©vb : RW©v‡b jeY †kvab, †Zj †kvab, U¨vbvwi wkí cÖmvi jvf K‡i‡Q| GQvov G‡`‡k

Lv`¨ I dj cÖwµqvRvZKiY I Kvc©vm eqbwkí i‡q‡Q|

BmivBj : BmivB‡ji nvBdv I †ZjAvwe‡e Kvc©vm I ckg eqbwkí i‡q‡Q| Bû`x emwZ

GjvKvq A‡bK ¶z`ª KviLvbv I KzwUi wkí i‡q‡Q| gvR`vj Avie emwZ GjvKvq ¶z`ª

eqbwkí weKvk jvf K‡i‡Q| wKšÍz †Kv‡bv cÖwZôv‡bB 50 Gi †ewk ZuvZ †bB| †bRvi‡_i

¶z`ª †jm wkí cÖwm×| bv_vwbqv I †ZjAvwe‡e nxiv wkí Ges †ZjAvwe‡e K…wÎg ùvZ

ˆZwi wkí cÖmvi jvf K‡i‡Q| Avg`vwbK…Z `ª‡eï mvnv‡h¨ †gvUi Mvwo Uªv±Ui, M„n¯’vjx

`ªe¨ ms‡hvRb wkí M‡o D‡V‡Q| G‡`‡ki nvjKv wkí¸‡jv nj KvP, KvMR, mvi,

ivmvqwbK `ªe¨, ivevi I cøvw÷K|

c¨v‡j÷vBb : c¨v‡j÷vBb ¶z`ª I KzwUi wk‡íi Rb¨ cÖwm×| RywWqv DuPyf‚wgi eû ¯’v‡b

KzwUi wkí i‡q‡Q| MvRvi ¶z`ª eqbwkí cÖwm×|

mvivsk

ga¨cÖv‡Pï AwaKvsk †`kB wk‡í mg„× bq| Bivb, BivK, Zzi®‹, BmivBj wk‡í DbœwZ

jvf Ki‡Q| †`k‡f‡` Kvc©vm eqb, ckg eqb, w`qvkjvB, mvevb, wPwb, †ikg, Kv‡c©U,

221

wmMv‡iU, KvP Ges Pvgov msi¶Y wkí M‡o D‡V‡Q| ¯’vbxq Pvwn`vc~i‡b AwaKvsk

wkíRvZ `ªe¨ eënvi Kiv nq| idZvwbRvZ wk‡íi cwigvY Kg|



1. Biv‡bi †Kvb `ywU GjvKv ckg wk‡í DbœZ?

(K) GR` I †Znivb (L) ZvweªR I B¯úvnvb

(M) kvnvix I Pvj~m (N) Avivd I mgy‡m`

2. Biv‡Ki kZKiv KZ fvM wkí evM`v`, GjvKvq cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Q?

(K) 90 (L) 80

(M) 70 (N) 60

3. ga¨cÖv‡Pï †Kvb GjvKvwU‡Z avZzi KvR KzwUi wk‡í cwiYZ n‡q‡Q?

(K) nvBdv (L) ZvweªR

(M) êiyZ (N) emiv

4. bv_wbqv I †ZjAvwee †Kvb wk‡íi cÖmvi jvf K‡i‡Q?

(K) Kvc©vm (L) K…wÎg ùvZ

(M) wPwb (N) nxiv

DËi : 1| L 2| K 3| M 4| N

msw¶ß cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï wkímg~n wK wK?

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ

1. ga¨cÖv‡Pï wk‡íi weeiY w`b|

DËi ms‡KZ

cvV-5.1 : 1| L 2| M 3| L 4| N 5| M

cvV-5.2 : 1| L 2| N 3| M 4| K 5| L

cvV-5.3 : 1| L 2| N 3| M 4| K

cvV-5.4 : 1| M 2| N 3| L 4| M 5| K

cvV-5.5 : 1| L 2| M 3| M 4| M 5| M

cvV-5.6 : 1| L 2| M 3| K 4| N 5| M

cvV-5.7 : 1| L 2| N 3| L 4| M 5| K

cvV-5.8 : 1| N 2| K 3| M 4| L

cvV-5.9 : 1| M 2| M 3| N 4| K

cvV-5.10 : 1| M 2| N 3| L 4| L 5| K

cvV-5.11 : 1| M 2| N 3| M 4| K 5| M 6| L

7| M 8| N

cvV-5.12 : 1| K 2| N 3| L 4| K

cvV-5.13 : 1| M 2| K 3| N 4| M

cvV-5.14 : 1| N 2| M 3| L 4| M

cvV-5.15 : 1| L 2| K 3| M 4| N

gvj‡qwkqv-`w¶y †kvwiqv-ga¨cÖvp¨ · ga¨cv‡p¨i †gvu avqzb 70,12,019 em© wk‡jvwguvi|...

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