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3 - IZTOPHMATA - 3

H pvfipq zov e0vcxuiv 3colEpov (1912-22) ozqv E l L a 6 a

0 1 6Zj0 Bahxavlxoi n6hepol (1912-13), o n e d t o s IIayx6oplos n 6 - hepos ( to Maxe6ovlx6 Mbrwno) xa l q M~xeao laz~xf i E x o r e a z ~ i a (1919-22) anozdheoav Bva ~qyaozf igl nohhanhdv ahhaydv ozqv ~ h - hqvlxfi xowwvia. TO cph~y6p~v0 xapivl zov nohipov & m a ~ v v & ~ O ~ L Z L - xis E ~ E ~ @ L S , a v a 6 ~ 6 ~ 0 g w o e zqv o~xovopia, avb6elge vies xo~vwvlxBs o p a 6 ~ s xal68&o& v ia zaglxa alzfpaza. 0 1 zopds avzgs, nov ngox&h&- oav 01 < < E ~ Y L X O ~ n6h~pom zwv Ehhfivwv, 6lai@&aav zqv ~ h k q v ~ x f i L ~ Z O -

@<a OE <<ngonoh&p~xfi>> xa l <<p~zanoh~plxfi>> l. 0 1 ~ ~ E Q Y ~ ( s < & s nov ov- vz~h4ozqxav ~ ~ 6 s zov ~ h h q v ~ ~ 0 6 x ~ a z o v s ~ E Y ovv1oz06oav Pipala ~hhqvlxfi 16lalz~g6zqza fi nohhd p&hhov anoxh~ioz~x6zqza. Qnws n a g a z q ~ ~ i o Jon Davies, q pv.ijpq zov nohBpov ~ i v a i xopp&zl zqs ngw- z o y ~ v o 6 ~ xolvwvlxonoiqoqs zwv Evgwnaiwv: ozqv Evgdnq o 206s al-

d v a ~ og l00~z~iZa l p~ avacpogBs ozov n 6 h ~ p 0 (ngonohsp~xfi, pEoono- h~plxfi, p ~ z a n o h ~ p ~ x f i ~ E Q ~ O ~ O S ) . BBPala, 6nws ~ L E W ~ Q L Y GEL o C~LOS, TO

y ~ y o v 6 ~ 621 q <<&pn&igia TOW nohipov>>, 16iCOs TOW M~y&hov nohdpov ~ i v a i Pael& gi<wpCvq ozq <wfi zwv Evgwnaiwv, avz6 6 ~ v oqpa iv~ l anagaizilza 621 01 ~vgwna'ixBs xo~vwvks ~ i v a ~ cplhon6h~p~s (bellicose) xowwvk~, ahhd < < B ~ ~ E L Q E S TOW nohBpov>> (bellicogni~ant)~. 0 <<@OM- ~ a v l x 6 ~ n6h~pos>> xa i o <<pa<lx6~ B&vazos>> xa0ds xa l q h~y6psvq < < ~ p n ~ l ~ i a zov M~y&hov IIohBpov>> ocpgciyloav Pa06zaza z y ~vgwna'i- xis xoivwvi~s. Baolx6 0~pdhl0 zqs < < ~ p n ~ i g i a s zov M~y&hov IIohBpov>> a n o z d h ~ o ~ q ovyxg6zqoq zqs ovhhoylxfis pv.ijpqs TOW. 0 B g ~ z a v 6 ~

1. Bh. EVSELXZLX& OEOTOKAZ 1997, 190, 6xov yivszai h6yo5 yla zq apszanohsp~xfi Ehh&ba>>. ria zqv Cvvola <<n6Aspo~ TOY E ~ v ~ v > > , 0 1 onoio~ E X ~ O Q E ~ O V Z ~ L xazs~oxfiv an6 zo patJx6 ~vSlarpCeov yla zqv xolv6zqza <<CBvo5>>, TOWS ~ 0 ~ 1 x 0 6 ~ a z ~ a z 0 6 ~ (PET&

zo 1814) xal zqv xa0ohlxfi vnoxeCcr>aq E'xzlaq~ az~azlcr~zlxfi~ Bqzsia~, ph. HOWARD 2000, 169-202.

2. DANES 1993, 114-116.

i ozog ix6~ Alan Taylor n a g a z f i g q o ~ zo 1966 6zi: <<Av q p~yahoo'ljvq E V ~ S y ~ y o v 6 z o ~ p n o g ~ i va x ~ i e f i a n 6 zov agiep6 zov p v q p ~ i o v now a v ~ y ~ i g o v z a i neos npfiv TOW, [ T ~ X E ] o M ~ y d h o s I I 6 h ~ p o s [...I v n f i g c ~ l o pcyahzia~go y ~ y o v 6 ~ now owvE'Pq n o ~ i > > ~ . 01 gicixis zaEixis ava - pogcp6a~is, now ~ n i z 6 ~ w v ~ o M ~ y 6 h o s IIo'h~yos, p i o o TOW ~ 0 ~ h o v z i - opov' x a i zqs y~vixfis w n o ~ g ~ o z i x f i ~ ~ n i o z g 6 z ~ w o q ~ , anozwn60qxav Gwvapix6 o~ ovpPohix6 EninEGo. IIavzov' o~ x 6 0 ~ 6 ~ ~ 1 1 t q s Evgbnqs (OE x68e n6hq, ~ w g i 6 x a i ~ v o g i a ) xaraoxevhozqxav pv~lpeia. Zzq Bg&zavicr ~ . t h ~ q x a ~ T G E Q ~ C O W 54.000 pvqp&<a4. Z T ~ r a h h k TLS ~ E X C L E - .ti&< low 1920 x a i low 1930 o a g i e p 6 ~ zov p v q p ~ i o v 6 y y i E ~ 11s 36.0005. C.zq Powpavia o avz iozo i~os agi0p6s E E I G ~ Q ~ O E z a 3.5006.

0 ~ 8 ~ h o v z i o p 6 ~ x a i q pacix6zqaa tow Bav6aow, now a n o z w n 6 0 q x ~ whix6 oaq pacix6zqza zov pvqp~iov , ~ n i c p ~ g a v a v a n 6 z g ~ n z a zov EX- Gqpoxgaziop6 aqs pvfipqs. 0 A' IIayxo'o~iios I I 6 h ~ p o s anE 'pah~ ogi- 0 ~ 1 x 6 zov X O L V ~ V L X ~ ~h iz iop6 z o v p a w o o h ~ i o v x a i zov aqiGov, now aviygacpav p6vov a a ov6paza a g i o z o x ~ a z h v a ~ i o p a z i n 6 v , now cpo- v ~ 6 8 q x a v oGqy6vzas zq pov6Ga TOWS ozq p 6 ~ q , xai, 6 n o s ~ E q y ~ i o George Mosse, Gqpiov'eyqo~ x w ~ i o h ~ x z i x 6 pia o h 6 x h q ~ q c<hazg&ia>> x a i pw0ohoyia p~ o q p ~ i o avacpog6~ zq pvtvjpq zov V E X Q ~ V nohiz6v/ onhiz6v. H <<hazg~ia>> awl( z i 0 q x ~ ozo ~ n i x ~ v z g o aqs <<B~qox&ias>> TOW ~0vixiop06 p ~ z 6 'COY M ~ y 6 h o 116h~po x a i z a ozgaziozix6 V E ~ Q O - zacp~ia x a i hoin6 zacpix6 pvrlp~ia iyivav z a < < L E Q ~ > > TOW E ~ V L X O ~ ngo- oxwvfipazo~~. Tqv ~ n a v ' g i o low nohipow q Ewg6nq <<yipio~>> a n 6 pvq- p ~ i a < < ~ 0 v o p a g ~ v ' g ~ v ~ ~ (oP~hioxows/qg6a, ozeaziwzix6 v~xgozacpaicr, xsvoz6cpia, zv'~fiows xzh.) now ~Ewpvodoav zo nv~v 'pa awzo0woicr~ zwv ~ ~ a v 6 v v p o v ~ ~ l x o i v o v i x 6 6oqpov ozgazioz6v. 0 pacix6s 06vazos x a i q av6pvqoq Tow fizav avapcpiogfizqza p ia ng6Eq ~xGqpoxgaziopov' 77s xoivovic l~~. EVGELXZ~XG os neos awz6 .ijzav q ahcpaPqaixG n a g 6 8 ~ - oq zov ovopa~~novv 'p<1>~ z o v 8 a v 6 v ~ o v ~ . Awzoi o i (xaz6 zov Pierre Nora) <<z6noi zqs pvfipqs~ (lieux de m6moire) <<ozapazou'oav zov ~ g 6 - YO, pnh6xagav zq h ~ i z o v ~ y i a zqs h"ijqs, ana0av6zicav zov 86vazo

3. TAIYAOP 1973, 56-57. 4. STEVENSON 2004, 547. 5. BOUTHOUL 1970, 345. BECKER 1994, 315. KIDD 1997, 145. 6. B u c u ~ 2004, 163. 7. moss^ 1990, 7, 80. Bh. xaL KPHTIKOZ 2008, 178-179. 8. KOSELLECK 1994, 15. KIDD 1997, 145. 9. MORIARTY 1997, 135.

Grlpocplhfis en~ygacpfi <<Lest We Forget>>, q onoia E6gx~Ce TOY cp6P0 rqs

o6zega pvqpeia avey6geqxav v'orega a n 6 6qp6o1a ~grlparlxfi ovv- 6gopfi, x6r1 .to onoio vno6fihove 6z1 01 a v e ~ h n ~ v s s pvfipes xa l .to nvev'pa rqs avroevaias nov ovpP6hll;av firav 6qp6o~a vn60eaq rqs xo~v6zqrasl~. H pvfipq r o v Y E X Q ~ V qghov ou'vropa 6ha(je 0eop~xtj pogcpfi. To 1917 ~Ggv'eqxe orq Beetavia q Imperial War Graves Com- mission13. H paclxfi hazgeia rov qgolxov' Bav6rov xa l q <<vhonoiqoq rov pu'eov>> (bqha6fi q avanag6oraofi rov pe ra v h ~ x 6 pboa rqs ag- X ~ T E X Z O V ~ X ~ ~ S ) rqs epnelgias. rov Mey6hov IIohCpov eyxa lv~6oqxe pe rqv xaraoxevfi rev pvqpeiov z,ov Ayvhorov Czgarlhzq oro IIagiol (11 NoekPgiov 1919) x a ~ au'vropa ( a x g ~ p h s bvav X Q ~ Y O agy6rega ozo Westminster Abbey rov Aov6ivov) ~nexr60qxe oe 6hes ry evgo-

01 o n o i o ~ naglor&vovzav oav xglorlavoi p6grvges GlavelopE'vol p~ Bgqoxevr~x6 ov'pboha, 6 n o s 01 ozavgoi, 01 hyyehol xa l q pieta, ano- rehei zqv nghrq xaeohlxfi ex6fihooq zqs legonoiqoqs zqs nohlrlxfis ozov 206 auhva. T68qx~ o ro enixevrgo zqs xooplxfis <<8gqoxeias>> rov

gal5. Ahhooze, 6 n o s ~nloqpaivel o Anthony Smith, o n g a y p a z ~ x 6 ~

rqv avaeqparlxfi ozfihq r o v 28 neo6vrov cpo~rqzchv orov &hhqvorov~- x1x6 n6hepo rov 1897, q onoia anoxahu'cpeqxe ora IIgonv'ha~a rov I I av~n~orqp iov A0qvhv o r~s 25 Magriov 190117. H ox6qq yla xa t a - oxevfi 6~6regqs <<avapvqor~xf i~ orfihqs vn6g r o v neo6vrwv EY TO no-

ayhvw, xaL qzav ~pcpavfig q ~~gono iqoq zqg E ~ Y L X ~ noh~z~x"i): To zlpiov xai noAzjzipov a@a avzhv E ~ V E o ond~os , dorig p ~ < ~ni-

p ~ A ~ l a s xaAAi~~yozjp~vog nap& zois ~to'zi EY rq 6ovA~i'a ~v~ ioxop6- voiq a6~AqoLq quhv 06A~i ~ V Y Z E A C ~ E ~ ~ i g zqv n ~ ~ a i z 6 ~ w 6id60oiv xai ~&inAwoiv zov E0via;uov/ quhv, ws TO ndhai ~ V Y E Z ~ A E ~ E TO a(ua zwv n ~ h z w v x~ioziavc3v p a ~ z z j ~ w v wq o n d ~ o s &is zqv 6id60oiv xai E&-

nAwoiv zov x~ioziaviupov~'.

pagzu'gov>>, 6nog o IIazg~6igxqs rgqyogiog E' xaL o Pfiyas @gaios, zov onoiov za ay6hpaza xoopov'oav (an6 zo 1871) za I IgonGha~a~~ . Onus avQzv& ot11 hoyoGooia zov zov Aex6ppg~o tov 1914 o T. A6g- pas, o onoiog vhonoiqo~ zqv xazaox~vfi zov avapvqoz~xhv ozqhhv,

GiGaxz~x6 T C E Q L E X ~ ~ E V O . QS xazahhqhog z6nos yLa zqv zono06zqoq zov avaerlpaz~xhv ozqhhv B~ogf i0qx~ q E ~ ~ O G O S zov x~vzg~xou' xzq-

giow low IIav~nlozqpiow. IIg60~oq low ngo'iozap6vow low avoz&zow E X ~ ~ L ~ E W T L ~ O ~ 16g6paros fizav v a 81665~1 <<rows pihhovtas v a cpo~tfi- o o o ~ ELS awz6, 611, ngw pwq0ho~ za pwozfig~a zov ~ n ~ o z ~ ~ p h v , hcp~t,- hov v a oza0ho~ ~ v h n ~ o v zov ovop&zov ~x~ i l rov , oiziv~s US &hho~ ~ 6 0 1 TOWQXO~&XOL xal v6o~ Bowhya~oxz6vo~, x6oav . t~~ .to a ipa avzhv vn6g n ioz~os xal nazgi60~, 06howo1 G L ~ & ~ E L awz06~ 6z1, E&Y 06hoo~ va G~azqgfiooo~v axga~cpvfi xal ahhPqzov ow p6vov zqv nior~v TOW

Xg~oz06, ahh& xal zqv yhhooav X a L zqv ~ 0 v ~ x 6 z q ~ a , ocp~ihowo~ va panz~o0ho~ TO P&nz~opa TOW ahq006s xg~oz~av~opo6, .to p&nz~opa zov ~hhqv~xhv L ~ E ~ Y xal naga66o~ov, 61' ov ~ h n c ~ ~ a ~ q xaz& p ~ - xg6v anohv'zgooy zov ~1o6z1606hov a6~hcphv qphv xaL q anoxaz6- ozaoy pas p~y&hqs Ehh&60s>>~~. Ahhooz~, 6nos av6cp~g~ ozov h6yo TOW o 61660x6s ozqv ngwzav~iCI (Ioavvqs MEOO~WQ&S), 01 n ~ o 6 v z ~ s zo <<wnig p~y&hov L G E ~ Y 0vfiox~~v>> TO 6~6&~0qxav <<EY TOY T E ~ ~ Y E L zo6ro zov Mowohv, EY o ~ 6 ~ 6 & ~ 0 q o a v 'to vnig IIazgiGos 0v f iox~~v>>~~ . Tqv anox&hwvq zov ava0rlpazlxhv ozqhhv ngaypazonoiqo~, p~ X & ~ E ~n~oqp6zqza, o i610s o p a o ~ h ~ & s Kovozavzivos A' zqv 217 AE- x~pPgiow 191425. Enopivos, q ~~gonotqoq zqs nohlz~xils, q o n o h ~ i v a ~ (o6pcpova p~ TOY Emilio Gentile) xvgiclgxo o ' to~x~ih TOW E ~ Y L ~ L ~ Z L X O ~

h6yov zov 206 a ~ h v a ~ ~ , G ~ a n ~ o z h v ~ z a ~ n~gizgava ozqv n~ginzooq zov 660 ava0qpaz~xhv ozqhhv: ~ n g 6 x ~ ~ z o va ~ i v a ~ L E Q ~ zqs IIazgi- 6as (6qha6fi zov ~ ~ Y O W S ) , nag6po~a p~ TOWS nghzow~ vao6s ELS pvfi- pqv zov xg~oz~avhv pagzv'gov. Ones ogapaziozqx~ o I. M~ooho.1~6~:

Qg 6& zov p~ydAwv pa@zv'@ov zqg xlbz~og zovg za'qovg q@ov'p&v xaL zqv pv&qv ~v i lapdg y~@ai'@op~v ~Sla EY Z O L ~ vaok zov Y~ l cnov , ov'zo xaL zovg zdqovg xaL za pvqp~la zwv qgdwv zqg IIaz@l'Gog &a- qvildzzop~v xaL az~qavo t jp~v EY a v a x z d ~ o ~ g p a a ~ i l ~ d v , EY vaoL/S Movadv xaL EY ~ E Q L / ~ A E ~ ~ z o L ~ zdxo~g xaL xgog np$v avzdv xaL x ~ o g plpqa~v zuv E ~ y o v avzdv. Tov'zov Ev~xa xaL za I l lav&n~az&~a qpdv xdvv ~vAdyog a v $ y ~ ~ ~ a v zag 6 t h ava0qpaz~xdg pa~paehag az$Aas zov EY noA@o~g 0avdvzov z ~ o q l p u v avzdv EY ~ E Q L ~ A E ~ Z O 0 6 0 ~ ~ xaL axa6qpai'xalg ~o@zaL/S xaL ~ Q Y O L S z ~ p d o ~ zqv pv&qv a ~ z d v ~ ~ .

0 Aqptjzg~os Mnah&vos (xoopfjzogas 1% O~ohoy~xils Zxohfis zo

23. E K ~ A 1915, 36 (<<Aoyo6oaia avayvoa9~iaa &xi xa~ovoia aov BaaihE'os Kov- aaavaivov a7 217 A ~ n ~ p ( J ~ i o v 1914 vx6 r~oqyiov I. AE'~pov>>).

24. MEZOAQPAZ 1936, 17-18. 25. E K ~ A 1915, 36. 26. GENTILE 1996, 153-154. 27. MEZOAQPAZ 1936, 18.

1930) x a ~ a x z f i e l o ~ z y 660 avapvqoz~x6g o z f i h ~ s o a v <<(Swpozig h a z g ~ i - as EV zw T E ~ ~ V E L [ ~ w v M ~ v o h v ] > > ~ ~ . Ta o v o p a z ~ n h v v p a awv n~o6vzwv cpol'tqzhv x a l z~ocpipwv zov nav&n~ozqpCliov 6 & ~ z68qxav woz6o0 o& a h c p a f l q z l x ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 , x a e h g 600 o v v ~ x ~ o v z a v OL noh~plx6g ~ n ~ x ~ q f i - ~ E L S (~6iw5 a n 6 TO 1917 x a ~ E ~ ~ X E L V ~ ) o v v ~ x h s X Q O ~ Z ~ ~ E V Z O v6a 0v6- p a ~ a ~ ~ .

H n ~ h z q 8 ~ o p ~ x ~ x 6 @ w o q p v f p ~ zwv E ~ Y L X ~ Y noh6pwv, nov cp&vqxav n ~ o g azlypfiv nwg ohoxhq~hvovzav, fizav z a <<En~vix&~a>> zov 1920. <<AL Eogzai zqg Nixqg zwv [ n o h ~ p ~ x h v ] ayhvwv>> zqs E M - 6ag z~h6ozqxav ozo IIava8qva.ix6 2 ~ 6 6 1 0 zqv 14q 2 ~ n z & p P ~ i o v , rp6- @a p& 8 ~ q o x & v l t ~ x 6 X ~ L L E Q O ~ O I ~ ~ ~ Y O ~ 8 ~ 0 - n o h n ~ x 6 ovpPoh~ap6 (EOQ- z f i ~ q g Y q h o ~ w g zov T ~ p i o v 2 z a v ~ o ' l j x a l vixq zqg <<Zrlpaias zov 2zav- ~ozi>> 6 v a v z ~ TOW z o v ~ x ~ x 0 6 10h&p)~O. H z ~ h ~ z f i zov 2za6iov E ~ x i v q o ~ pf: n a ~ 6 h a o q zwv o q p a ~ h v zwv 42 ouvzayp&zwv zov M ~ x ~ a o ~ a z ~ x o z i M ~ z h n o v <<PET& z ~ p q z ~ x h v c p ~ o v ~ h v > > , axoho'l j8qo~ <<ozE/q~g x~vozacpi- ow zwv v n 6 ~ n a z ~ i 6 o g n&o6vzwv>> a n 6 zov Paolhl& Ah6EavG~o x a l xaz6hqEf: p~ GoEohoyia, < < ~ o ~ o o z a z o 6 v z w v an&vzwv ~ w v [48] ~ Q X L E Q ~ - wv zov K ~ & z o v g x a l zov xhfigov [zwv] A 8 q ~ h v > > ~ l . 0 ~ o ~ z a o p 6 g TOY

< < E n ~ v ~ x ~ i w v > > E Y T & X ~ ~ ~ E a n 6 zovg x~ovoy~&cpoug zov a8qva'ixozi Tzi- nov ozov ~ o p a v z ~ x 6 xzixho <<zov aipazog, zov 8av&zov>> x a l zqg <<&8vlx% s~YoT&o&c~)s>>, nov 61,6vvo& q < < & 8 v l x ~ v ~ f i > > ~ ~ . N60 ~ E Y ' C Q I X ~

o6ppoho ( n h v zwv o z ~ a z ~ w z ~ x h v o q p a ~ h v x a ~ zwv hapheov zqg Mo- v% Ayiag A a z i ~ a g x a l zqg Movfig A ~ x a G i o v , 6nwg x a l zqg ~ x x h q o l a - oz~xfig < < x l ' t ~ l v 6 x ~ o v zov a ~ x a i o v Bv~avz iov p& zov Glx6rpahov a&- z6v>> oqpakxg) TO p6oov 0 ~ ~ 6 6 ~ zov o ~ @ o v > > a n o z 6 h ~ o ~ q ~ E 6 6 ~ a p& <<TO vqqh6v x a l o ~ p v 6 v h ~ v x 6 v x ~ v o z & c p ~ o v > > ~ ~ , p ~ a n~oanozzinwoq (mi zo E ~ ~ ~ Y L X ~ Z E Q O Y , P&o~l zqg a e x a ~ o ~ h k q v ~ x ~ n a ~ & 6 o o q g now 616owo~ o Oovxv6<6q~) zov <<T&cpov zov Acpavov's C z ~ a z ~ h z o v > > (PA. n a ~ a x & z w ) , nov E ~ X E @q & y x a ~ v ~ a o 8 & i zo ~ Q O ~ Y O ~ ~ E Y O 6z0g ozo na-

28. BOPEAZ-MIIAAANOZ [1930], 4. 29. IAEKITA, AQXE~O Avzdv E y y ~ d q w v lI~ozoxd;l;lov, K a ; l ; l s z ~ v a - a EL-

xdvwv Kaeqyqzdv, x. 254, rp. 3 (AxaGqpa'ixci 6tq 1909-10, 1917-18, 1919-20 6os 1921- 22), vnorp. 3/15 (1919-20), ~ E V L X ~ A L O ~ X ~ O L ~ K~rjzqg x ~ o g zqv x ~ v z a v t a v zov E ~ Y L X O Z ~ xal KaxoGiaz~laxov' I l a v ~ n i a z q j h v , EY Xavioig 1 Oxzwj!?~i'ov 1 9 1 9 / a ~ . n ~ o t . 17880,6nov q ngdtq v n q ~ ~ a i a at6hve~ atq Gev'zs~q avvqpy6vo nivaxa t o v xat6 zov teheutaio n6hepo (1914 xaL ~ n 6 x e ~ v a ) nea6vtov K ~ q t d v rpo~zqtdv.

30. Erp. E p x ~ d g a@. 8591 (14 ZentepP~iou 1920), 1-2. 31. Erp. E p x ~ d g a@. 8590 (13 ZentepPeiov 1920), 2. 32. Ecp. E p x ~ d g a@. 8592 (15 Z~nteppeiou 1920), 1-2. 33. 'Ox., 1. MAP~APITHZ 1989, 114.

gial. IIgcozayovlazlxfi 06aq azov ~ o g z a a y 6 zqs pvfipqc, z o v E ~ V L X O ~ V

noh6pov xazehapav y la nghzq cpog6 01 <<zgawpazial noh6pow>>, 01

o n o i o ~ ~ l a f i h e a v a z o Cz661o 0 6 q y 0 6 p ~ v 0 ~ a n 6 < < ~ E W X E ~ ~ O V O ~ ~ O E S > >

a 6 ~ h c p 6 ~ v o a o x 6 p ~ s x a l xaz6haPav zlc, x a 0 o g ~ a y 6 v ~ ~ y ~ ' avzozis x ~ g x i - ~ E S , now i c p ~ ~ a v zqv ~ntygacpfi <<zgawpaz ia~>>~~ . H x a z 6 0 ~ a q az~cp6vow a z o x ~ v o z 6 c p ~ o a n 6 zov ~ a z ~ p p 6 v o a g ~ q y 6 zow n g 6 z o w ~ ~ ~ ~ y x a \ v i a a ~ pLa p v q p o v ~ x t j n ~ a x ~ ~ x ~ ono ia E ~ Q ~ X E ~ ~ O v a 0 & a p o ~ & z q ~ & i azq 61- 6 g x ~ ~ a z x < < p ~ z a n o h ~ p ~ x f j ~ > > ( p ~ o o n o h ~ p ~ x f i ~ ) X E Q L ~ ~ O W . H av6gzqaq ~nlygacphv p~ ov6paza n 6 h ~ o v xaL 0 6 a ~ o v <<&LC, zag onoias o Ehhqvl- x65 a z g a z 6 ~ 6 y g a q ~ ashisas qgo~apoz i xaL avzo0waicls>> a& av0oaz6- h ~ a z ~ c , a ~ i 6 ~ s azov ~ h g o zow Z a n n ~ i o w ~ ~ fizav pla 6hhq ngaxz~xf i now 0 a ~ c p a g p 0 ~ 6 z a v a g y 6 z ~ g a (1932) azo ~ h h q v ~ x 6 p v q p ~ i o zow Ayvhazow Zzgaz~hzq.

To E X ~ ~ E V O 6 ~ 0 s ~ Y L V E 6va ax6pq (avoAoxhfigozo 6pos) Pfipa y la zq auyxg6zqaq zqs awhhoylxfis pvrjpqc, z o v ~0v~xC;)v noh6pov. Tqv 6volEq TOW 1921 q K~vzgixf i Enlzgonfi E x a z o v z a ~ z q g i 6 0 ~ zqs Ehhqv~- xqc, Enavaaz&a&os ~ E Q L ~ ~ ~ P E azo ng6ygappa ~ogzaapozi , now xa - z f igz la~ , zqv a v 6 y ~ g a q < < H ~ h o w EV ABfivals>> x a 0 h s x a l <<p~xgoz6gov avapvqazlxhv p v q p ~ i o v ELS z a s &nagxias x a l EY z6nov L ~ L ~ ~ Z ~ Q W S

a t~oaqp~u . i j zov LOZOQ 1xhv a w p P & v z ~ v > > ~ ~ . I 6 ~ a i z ~ g a TO <<EV A0*a LC,

Hghov>> 0 a E X E ~ X E 06aq < < K E v ~ Q ~ x o ' ~ ~ Mvqp&iow>> azqv Y O ~ O Q ~ X ~ ~ XQOVL-

x6zqza TOW ~ h h q v ~ x 0 6 6 0 ~ 0 ~ ) s ~ ~ x a l ozq Ar lp6a~a Iazogia 0 n ~ - Coyg6cpos Aqy=ilzgqs Xaz<6nowho~ p i h y a ~ zov M6gz1o zow 1921 67-lp6- ala n&gi < < E V ~ S Y E V L X O ~ qgC;)ow, TO onoiov 8a xoapfiaq yoviav T L V ~

z o v Aeqvhv, [616 zow onoiow] 0 a ~xcpgaaefi zo p ~ y a h ~ i o v z o v a q a - z ~ o z ~ x h v , n a z ~ ~ o z ~ x h v a g ~ z h v ELS ~ W V ~ X E L ~ V n a g a a z & a ~ o v , anozE- howahv ~ n ~ P h q z ~ n 6 v 06vohov>>. <<EL< TO p&gpagov>> 0 a Ploygacp~izo <<q lazogia zqs Ehh&Gos ELS Cvav a~hva>>~O. Tqv i6~a n ~ g i o 6 0 , o 0 ~ x 0 - vopoh6yos r ~ h g y ~ o s X a g ~ z 6 x q s ( Y E V L ~ ~ S ygappaz6as rqs K E V Z ~ L X ~ ~ S En~zgonfis Exazovza~zqgi60s)~ El~ovzas oc, ng6zwn6 TOW zq I'ahhia, n g 6 z ~ l v ~ 6z1 <<.to avapvqazlx6v zow ayhvos pvqp~ iov q66vazo v a

34. Ecp. Epneds a@. 8592 (15 Z ~ n z ~ p f i e i o v 1920), 2. 35. /O.n., 3. 36. O.n., 2. 37. XAPITAKHZ 1921, 23, 28. 38. ria zq o b v 6 ~ a q zqs i o a o e i a ~ p~ .tq v ~ o z ~ e ~ x 6 . t q z a xaL .to obozqpa zov E ~ V L -

x6v xeaz6v ph. AIAKOZ 2007, 81-85, 88. 39. ria zqv 8vzaEq zov nohap~xhv pvqp~ iov azq acpai~a z q ~ Arlp6oias Iazoeias

ph. <PAAPzEP 2008, 25. 40. A v a c p 6 ~ ~ z a ~ at0 XAPITAKHZ 1921, 11.

ano't~hioq B~~apP~w ' t~x f j av i s a v ~ y ~ ~ ~ o p i v q ~ n i ~ w ~ w ' t & ' t q ~ h~ocp6~ow q onoia 8a 6~aoxqq 'to xa't&cpw.tov n~6 iov .tow AQE~s>>. rIa~&hhqha, ~ ~ o q y f i 8 q x ~ 'tqv < < i 6 ~ v o ~ v p a ~ p a ~ i v o v o'tqh6v ELS 'ta n ~ 6 i a .toy onow- Ga~o'tiewv pax6v zqs Enavao ' t&o~c~q>>~~ (OL o n o i ~ s hoy~x6 BEY 8a ZE- ~ ~ o ~ q o v ' t a v p6vov EXEC, ahh& 8a ~n~xz~ ivov ' t av xaL o'tq pvfipq ~ o v o6yxeovov nohCpov). H ne6zq <<p~' tanoh&p~xfi an6cpaoq yLa av6- y&Qoq pvrlp~hv (<<ELS K~hxk, Mn06p~~oav, Aaxav&v, MXL<&YL, Ao'ie&- Y L X ~ L r&v~%o&>>) neos 't~pfiv TOY n~o6v'tov %a%& 'tows nohipous 'tqs ~8wxfjs ohoxhf i~ooq~ (1912-22) hficp8qx~ TOY C~n' t ipPe~o 'tow 1925, &ni 6 ~ x ' t a ' t o ~ k q O ~ 6 6 o ~ o w r I & y ~ a h o w ~ ~ (av'tb'toqa o'tq Be&'tavh xaL o'tq rahhia z a n ~ ~ ~ o o 6 ' t ~ ~ a q ~ 6 a xazaox&w&o'tqxav 'tqv n~gio6o 1920-2543). To islo 6 ~ 0 s o rI&yxaAos, x~voiip~vos an6 <<o&(3aop6 n ~ o s .tows Y E X Q O ~ S 'tow nohipow>>, E Y ~ X Q L Y E 'to CTEQPLX~ ai'tqpa yLa n ~ ~ ~ o w h - hoyfi 'tov oo't6v 'tov n ~ ~ i n o w 2.700 C6~Pov o'tga.t~ozhv now a n ~ P i o - oav (an6 ho~p6) 'to 1916 o'to vqo&xi Bi60, 'to yvoo't6 xai os <<vqoi .tow Bav&'tov>>, xai o& &Aha o q p ~ i a 'tqs K i g x v ~ a s xai yla a v i y ~ ~ o q pawowh~iow E X E ~ ~ ~ . Tov M&QZLO 'tow 1926, ~ n i o q s ~ n i Gix'ta'to~ias O. rI&yxahow, n ~ o x q ~ i i x 8 q x ~ p~hi'tq xazaox~wfis 'tow Mvqp~iOw ( m i hie&^, 6n05 neoo610~ io'tqm yhoooix& 't6't&, 'tow <<'t&cpow>>) 'tow kyvo- o'tow C ' t~a ' t i 6~q <<&is 'tqv i p n ~ o o 8 ~ v 'tov rIahaihv Avax't6~ov nha- ' t ~ i a v > > ~ ~ . H M ~ y d A q ~ T Q ~ Z L W Z L X ~ ~ xal Navnxji EyxvxAonais~~a ~ Q L < &

os E @ ~ S TOY <<Ayvoo'to C't~a't~6.tq>>: <<Ayvoo'tos xaL av6vvpos ~x 'tov EY 'to nohipo n~o6v'tov o't~a'tio't6v, 'tow onoiow h~iqavov, hqcp86v ~ n ~ o f i p o s xai a n ~ o o h n o s EX 'tov n ~ 6 i o v 'tov paxhv, xa't~'ti8q EY

't&cpo, xw~ios ~ n i 'to oxon6, 6x0s ~ x n ~ o o o n q 8 h o ~ n&v't~s 01 n&o6- YTES xai E X L ' T ; E W X ~ ~ ~ q 61' aw'to6 anovopfi ~n~orjpow owvoh~xfis 't~pfis ELS

41. XAPITAKHZ 1921, 12, 29. 42. E q q u ~ ~ i s ' S ~ G K v p E ~ v r j a ~ o ~ zsljxos B', ae. 83 (15 Zsnzsp/3eiov 1925), 433 xai

a@. 94 (19 Oxzopeiov 1925), 490, 6nov 6qpooionoisizai q vnoPohG pshezdv ccneos aviyseaiv pvqpsiwv>> ps svzohfj TOW Yrpvnov~yo6 Czeaziozixdv Kwvazavzivow Ni6se.

43. MORIARTY 1997, 130. KIDD 1997, 152. 44. MEE X 6 ~ q rI6zaq 1980, 1', 317. ~ A ~ K A A O Z 1973, B', 147-148. XATZHANTQNI-

OY 2004, 314. 45. E q q u ~ ~ l s 'SX K V ~ E Q V @ ~ E ~ S , naeaezqya, ae. 51 (18 Q>Epeova~iov 1926), 382

xai a@. 84 (19 Maeziov 1926), 606 (ccnsei neoxqeljgsos 6iayoviapo6 61a zqv aljvza- giv yshizqs n ~ o s a v i y s ~ a i v zov z&cpov zov Ayvdazov Czeazihzov>> xai ccnsei naea- z6aeos zqs ne00sapias 61a zqv 6isvieysiav zqs Gqponeaoias>> avziazoixa, wn6 zqv snbphevq zqs Aisv06vasos Mqxavixo6 zov Ynov~ys iov zov Cz~aziwzixhv). CTEQA- NHZ-KOAQNHZ 2002, 4. BOZANH 2009, 245.

zqv yvfjpqv zov wnCg nazgi60~ zs0vsdzov awzdv ozgaz~ozdv>>~~. TO Mvqysio avzd Mav 6hos 6~acpogsz~x6 an6 aa naha~6zsga nohsy~x& pvrlysia, qgda, avayvqocrxbs orfjhes (ys avaysygapyCva za 0v6yata zov nso6vzwv), za naga60o~ax& xsvoz6cp~a ~ h n . ~ ~ , xaL owv~ozoZjos aoyfj ozqv E ~ Y L X I ~ acpfjyqoq xaL ozqv ~Gsohoy~xfj G~axsig~oq T ~ S pvfj- yqs. Ciiycpova ys zq M~ydAq C z ~ a z ~ o z ~ x r j xaL N a v z ~ x 4 EyxvxAonal- S E ~ , TO Mvqysio TOW Ayvoozow Czgaz~dzq <<syyv&zo TO &yvoozov xaL TO a n ~ 6 o o n o v > > ~ ~ , 6rl)latifj avzavaxhoiios zq p a c ~ x 6 a q z a ~ ~ xaL ow- vsnbs zqv avovwyia TOW 0av&zow oaows s 0 v ~ x o i i ~ nohipows zqs Eh- h&6as ( y ~ a yac~x6zqaa now BEY &yy~Es ooa6oo za psyC0q TOY av0go- n h o v a n o h s ~ d v 6hhov svgona'ixdv xgazdv ozov Msy&ho IT6hsy0~~). H ~cgonoiqoq zqs noh~z~xfjs tjaav spcpavfjs an6 zqv ngdzq oa~yyfj, now syxa~v~&ozqxs o <<z&cpos TOW Ayvoozow Cagaz~daow>> ozq I'ahhia: o6ycpova n & h ~ ps zq M~ydAq 2 z ~ a z ~ ~ c ) z ~ x r j x a ~ Navz~xrj EyxvxAonal- 6 ~ ~ 0 , TO 16~6zvno awa6 yvrlpsio ogiozqxs ~Eagxfjs os <<TO E ~ Y L X ~ Y

ngooxiivrlya>> xaL os <<o a6nos aqs nagqyogias aov anogcpav~o0Cvzov o~xoyeve~dv>>~~, 6qha6fj os o x s v z g ~ x 6 ~ z6nos haagsks zqs nazgiGasI TOW Elevows.

Caqv shhqv ~xfj nsginzooq, q xahh~zsxv ~xfj oiihhqqq xaL a n s ~ x 6 v ~ - oq, ax6yq xaL q X E Y ~ Q L X ~ ~ sn~ygacpfj TOW Mvqysiow TOW Ayvoozow Czgaz~dzq (ccy ia xhivq cpigsza~ soagoyCvq TOY acpavdv>>) naginsyns ozo agxa~oshhqv~x6 ng6zwno zqs Gqyoxgaz~xfjs ABfjvas zov xhaol- xdv xg6vov (q nsgrygacpfi zqs pvrlyov~xfj~ ngaxz~xfjs wnElg TOY &yvo- ozov nso6vzov ABqvaiov onh~zdv an6 zov OovxwGiGq six& owyxs- xg~yCva os stfjs: cpia 6s xhivq X E Y I ~ cpCgsza~ sozgoy6vq TOY acpavdv,

46. <<N.T.>> (vnoaze6zqyos Nix6haos T ~ o v n 6 x q ~ ) , hfippa <<Ayv~r)atos Czeati6tqs>>, MZNE [1927], A', 129.

47. Afippa <<Ayvbatov C t ~ a z i 6 t o v T6cpos>>, MEE IIa6hov Aeav66xq [1926], A', 435.

48. MZNE [1927], A', 129. 49. 0 1 ehhqvix6~ zohepix6~ an6heies a& < < ~ ~ O V E V ~ ~ V T E S > > (%at6 xis p6xes) xai ayvo-

ovp6vov~ (<<e~acpavia~6vze~>>) a ~ i ~ ~ p a z i x o d ~ xai onhites xaz6 tovs Bahxavixod~ no - h6povs (1912-13), zov I Ie6to IIayx6apio n6hepo (1917- 18) xai aq Mix~aa i az~xf i Ex- ateazeia avpnoaodvzai ae 47.973. Bh. axetin6 I'EC-AIC 1961, B', 35, 205, 218-219, 232. I'EC-AIC 1967, 487. I'EC-AIC 1987, 265. Bh. eniaqs Y~OYP~EION CTPATIQTIKBN 1930, A', 444 xai B', 84.

50. Avziatoixa, 01 vexeoi aEiCr)patixoi xai onhizes xaz6 zov ne6zo IIayx6apio II6hepo avfiheav n . ~ . axis HIIA ae 114.000, a tq Povpavia ae 300.000, azqv Itahia ae 578.000, azo Hv~r)pivo Baaiheio OE 723.000, azq I'ahhia ae 1.398.00 xai azq I'eepavia ae 2.037.000 (STEVENSON 2004, 544. Bucm 2004, 163).

51. MCNE [1927], A', 129. MEE nadhov Aeav66xq, [1926], A', 436.

01 av pq &v~&86aiv &is avaig&o~v>>~~). ZE avzieaoq p6h~aza p& avzi- azoixa pvrlpsia 6hhov E ~ V L X ~ V ngaz6v, TO ~hhqvin6 Mvqp~io TOW

Ayvoazov ZzgaziBzq ~ i v a i n ~ v o ~ ~ c p i o ~ ~ , naz' anopipqoq zqc, <<&ozgo- pCvq5 X E V ~ nxhivq~>> zov ABqvaiov zqi ~noxfic, zov ll~honovvqa~anoij lloh6pov. 0 @ & p ~ o z o n h ~ Zocpo6Aq5 ( ~ 6 % n g 6 ~ 6 ~ 0 5 zqc, BovhGc, zov Ehhqvov) ozov h6yo zov, oc, ~xng6owno~ zq5 xv~6gvqaq~ B E V L ~ ~ ~ O W , ora anoxahvnzfig~a zov Mvqp~iov TOW aAcpavoij5 Zzgar~6zovr ozqv & ~ ~ V L ' > C + ~ Q O Z E ~ O V O C I (25 Mag-ciov 1932), &~6pvqa& zqv &vh&P&~a

za zov Bav&zov, o5 anoz6heopa zov ~8vin6v noA6pov (<<q Ehhd~ 6hq E ~ E p~zaPhq6fi z o 6vzi EL< E W Q ~ z&cpov>>).

H voqpazo66zqaq woz6ao TOW Mvqp~iov fizav aacp6ozaza VEOTE-

Q L ~ $ Onws z 6 v ~ a ~ o i6105 o Zocpo6hq~ zo pvqp~io anoz~ho6o~ <<?;EX-

pfj~iov z q ~ a'i6iov ~vyvopooijvqc, zov ~hhqv~no6 ha06 ngoc, TOWS ~ ~ 6 6 - Eovc, v&xgo6c, z o v v a z a z o v & h & v 8 & ~ ~ z ~ n 6 v nohipov zov 68 vov 5>>54. On05 or lp~ iov~ q M&y&Aq 2r~az~c;rlz~xe xaL Navz~xe EyxvxAonal'G~~a, p6oo zov <<z&cpov zov ayvoazov ozgaz~6zov 61a- e&gpaiv&za~ q ~ 8 v ~ n f i ~p~havzia>>~~. H ~n~hoyf i ho~n6v zov xhaa~xo6

va. Ot- avacpog65 ozq 6qpoxgaz~xfi ABfiva zov noh~z6v/onh~z6v xal ozov En~z&qio zov l l ~ g ~ n h 6 0 v ~ (431 n.X.) o v v 6 ~ m v a v axg~Phc, zov

52. ~ A I I A ~ A N A ~ I O Y 1957, 55, 74. 53. ZTEQANHZ-KOAQNHZ 2002, 38. BOZANH 2009, 256. K~voz6cpio eivai eniaqs TO

x e v z ~ ~ x 6 pvrlpeio zov nehzov nayxoapiov nohipov (TO Aey6pevo Cenotaph) azo Whitehall zov Aov8ivov, zo onoio eyxaivi6azqxe zqv i81a q p i ~ a (11 Noeppeiov 1920) pe TO Mvqpeio zov Ayvhazov X z ~ a z ~ h z q azo Westminster Abbey (STEVENSON 2004, 548). Kevoz6qio eivai X a i TO Mvqpeio zov IEQOAOXLZ~V azo IIeGiov TOV AQEUS (eq. Kaeqp~~ivTi a@. 535 [25 M a ~ z i o v 19211, 3).

54. Ecp. A x ~ d n o A i ~ a@. 1134 (26 M a ~ z i o v 1932), 3. Ecp. EA&'lje&@ov B&a a@. 3573 (26 Maeziov 1932), 3. Ecp. K a e q p ~ ~ ~ v f i a@. 3557 (26 M a ~ z i o v 1932), 3. Ynoyeappiuq zov y~6cpovzos.

55. MCNE [1927], A', 130. 56. MXNE [1927], A', 130.

e x 6 q p o x g a ~ ~ o p 6 z q ~ pv4~11)~. M6m.1 zov Mvqyeiou TOV

Zzgazidrq, odpcpova n6hi pe zq M ~ y d d q Z r ~ a r ~ w s l x G xaL NavrlxG EyxvxdonaOs~a , <<anoxgvozahhodrai q yev~xfi n e n o i e q o ~ ~ , 621 eivai nhf igw~ agz ia q ovvei6qoy z q ~ ~ e g 6 ~ ovva~oBfioew~ zov cpdgov z q ~ E ~ Y L X ~ ~ S evyvwpoo2ivq~ xaL n g o S r q v z6Siv exe(vqv T O Y n o h e p ~ - o z d v z q ~ a x g a i a ~ P a e p i 6 0 ~ z q ~ o z g a z i w z i x f i ~ ~ s g a g x i a ~ > > ~ ~ . 0 & o q p o ~ , o <<acpavfip x a ~ <<byvwazo~>> onh izq~ lnoh izq~ 6y we zo mi- x ~ v z g o z q ~ pvqpovixfj~ n g a x n x f i ~ xaL zov nohiz~xo'lj ev6~acp6~0vzo~. H 6peoq yeizviaoq zov cczacp~xod pvqp~iOv>> pe TO xzfjg~o z q ~ B o v h j ~ zwv EAhfivwv fizav ovvei6qz~jan6cpaoq, q onoia n6gBqxe o g ~ o z ~ x 6 a n 6 zqv xvP6gvqoq Bevi<6hov (1929) xaL vno6fihwve zqv hpeoq 1 6 ~ 0 - hoyixfi ovox6zioq zov pvqpeiov p~ TO 6qpoxgazix6 xo ivo~ovhevz~x6 nohizevpa (evaA)Laxz~x& e k a v ngozaeei nahai6 tega ws z o n o e e o k ~ av6yegoq~ zo ne6iov zov AQEOS, 70 2~6610, o h6cp0~ aou Ag6qzz06, o h6cpo~ zov @~hon&nnov, q Axg6nohq, o K E Q ~ ~ E L ~ ~ s , o n g o a 6 h ~ o ~ xd- go5 zov ITaven~ozqpiov ~ . 6 . ) ~ ~ .

H Beop~xfi pvfjpq P6Pa~a zwv eBvix6v noh6pwv z q ~ E h h 6 6 a ~ fizav axe66v a n o x h e ~ a n x 6 pvfipq ozgaz~wzixfi. H o d h h q ~ q , q av68eoil xaL ~nGPheWq z q ~ e x z 6 h ~ o q ~ zov pvqpe~axod 6gyov avfjxe ozo Ynougyeio C.cgaz~wz~ndv xaL o v v 6 ~ 6 z a v ogyavix6 pe TOVS n a h a @ a x o v ~ zov E ~ Y L X ~ V noh6pwv. H n g o z i p p q z q ~ n h a z e i a ~ zwv I T a h a ~ d v Avaxz6- gwv w~ xdgov av6yegoq~ TOW Mvqpeiov a n 6 zov IT6yxaho ocpe~h6zav ota (angayparonoiqzo) 0x6616 zov (TO 1926) v a pezaozey6oe~ zo Ynovgyeio 2zga t~wzindv oza ITahai6 Av6xzoga54 0 a v z ~ o z g 6 z q y o ~ xaL n g 6 ~ 6 g o ~ z q ~ r e g o v o i a ~ AewviGa~ ITagaoxev6novho~~ p i h d v z a ~ xaz6 z a e y x a i v ~ a TO 1932 < < w ~ n a h a ~ 6 ~ o z g a z i d z q ~ , Cfioa~ zqv cwfiv zov oh6xhT)gov, EY p6ow TOY Ehhfivwv oz~aziwzhv>>, z6vioe zq <<paBeiav ovyxivqolv y~ zqv onoiav 6gxeza~ v a xaigsziaq evhapf i~ ngooxvvqzfi~ zov acpavfi figwa, EL< 66Sav zov onoiov q ITazg i~ ev- yvwyovodoa ~ e ~ g s v zo pvqp~iov avz6v>>, TOY I I L E Q ~ Y a6cpov zov Ayvdozov C.cgaz~hzov>>~~. 0 ~ Q ~ E ~ Q O S zov A' ITav~hhqviov Zvve6gi- ov zwv I T a h a ~ h v ITohep~ozdv (1934) xagaxzfig~os zov ~zdcpov zov

57. MCNE [1927], A', 130. Ynoygkpp~ay zov ygkcpovzo~. 58. CTEQANHX-KOAQNHC 2002, 6, 8, 13, 49. BOZANH 2009, 245, 247. 59. E i p ~ ~ e i q zcov Zircqzrja~mv zqq BovArjq, X E Q ~ O ~ O S B' - CZjvo60~ ~ X Z ~ X Z O S , XQO-

~ 6 g i a I ~ k v v o v A. T O L Q L ~ ~ ~ C O ~ , EV ~ E L Q C I L E ~ 1930, a. 172 (ay6g~vay Ah. nanavaaza- oiou, 12 Iovhiov 1929).

60. Ecp. Eazia ag. 13.486 (24 Magziov 1932), 6. Ecp. E A E Z ~ O E ~ O Y B$a ag. 3573 (26 Maqziov 1932), 3. Ynoygkppiay zov ygkcpovzo~.

Ayvhozow Zzgaz~hzov>> o g <<TO owpPoh<ov zqv avzo0woiav x a l av - zan6gvqo~v TOW Ehhqvog n o h ~ p ~ o z o 6 pvr~peiov>>~~. H BeopoBizqoq aqg E ~ Y L X ~ ~ q g o o h a z ~ e i a ~ tenigaoe, aocpahh~ , z a 6 g ~ a aqg ehhqv~xfig ngoze6ovoag. Tov NoipPg~o TOW 1938 zo Ynowgyeio reogyiag (sic) 6~ izaEe ~ ~ 6 n o g neg1cpgaxB06v xazahhfihog 01 X ~ Q O L negi zowg z6cpovg z o v q g h o v zov neo6vzov EL^ z a p 6 x a ~ zqg Ehaoo6vog xaL TOW Zaga- vzan6gow>>- <<OL ~ ~ 6 ~ 1 5 TOW oqpeiov X ~ Q O L > > E X ~ ~ X E L W v a <<cpwz&v~06v xazahhfihog pe 6iv6ga n g o ~ Gqp~owgyiav ~ e g o 6 6hoowg>>, x a l zo o t g a z ~ o n x 6 Ynovgyeio ~ E f i y y ~ ~ h e 6 % ~ av6hoya pizga Ba hapP6vo- vzav xaL <<61a zowg zacpowg TOY q g h o v zqg p6xqg TOW Aaxav6 EY Ma- xe60v i d 2 .

Ooov acpog6 z a a p ~ y h g n o h ~ z ~ x 6 owv6qho6peva, zo Mvrlp~io TOW

Ayvoozov Zzgaz~bzq ngoo6~ogiozqxe ozqv ~ h h q v ~ x ~ B v ~ x ~ 6 ~ 0 h o - yia <<owpcphvog ngog aqv en~xgazf ioaoav 16iav anozioeog cp6gow EW-

yvopoo6vq~ xgog zowg neo6vzag ex pigovg 6hov z o v owppax~xhv xgazhv x a z 6 zwv n6hepov>> ( p ~ P6oq 6qha6tj zo y a h h ~ x 6 ng6zvno), o g TO <<o6pPohov TOW q g o ~ o p o 6 x a ~ zqg avzoBwoiag>> x a l o g an66ooq owhhoy~xf i~ z~pfig <<EL< zqv pvfipqv Exeivow, o oxoiog ~ 6 ~ x a ~ o 6 z o eni zqg evyvopoo6vqg TOW E B ~ o w g > > ~ ~ . H ~ v v o ~ o h 6 y q o q awzfi fizav 61ape- ' ~ ~ 1 x 6 616cpogq a n 6 exeivq z o v avaBewgqz~xhv Awv6peov. IIaga6eiy- pazog X ~ Q L V , ozq regpavia ozq 6 ~ 6 g x e ~ a z~lg A ~ ~ p o x g a z i a g zqg Ba'ip6- gqg q p v q p ~ ~ a x ? j A a z g ~ i a z o v q g o ~ x h v vexghv icpBaoe, n o o o z ~ x 6 a h h 6 x a l n o ~ o z ~ x 6 , ozo an6ye16 zqg. 01 n e g ~ o o 6 z e ~ e g p q p e ~ a x i g xa - zaoxewig anixzqoav z6xe i v a v 6vzova p ~ h ~ z a g ~ o z ~ x 6 x a l Q E ~ ~ Y O L O ~ L - x6 xagaxzfiga. EXEC anozap~ew6zav TO n v ~ 6 p a zqg ~ B v ~ x ~ o z ~ x ~ Stag- oqg, TO onoio PofiBqoe agy6zega TOWS ~ B v ~ x o o o o ~ a h ~ o z i g v a avihBowv ozqv etovoia, 01 o n o i o ~ pe aq o ~ ~ 6 TOWS owvix~oav a 6 ~ 6 h e ~ n . c ~ ~ x a l evzaz~xonoiqoav awzfiv a r p xowhzo6ga p6xg~ zo t i o n a o p a TOW AEW- zigow nayxoopiov n o h i p o ~ ~ ~ . H hazgeia TOW q g o ~ x o 6 Bav6zow ozq p ~ o o n o h ~ p ~ x f i Ehh66a 6 & ~ owv6~6zav pe zqv avazgonfi, a h h 6 p~ zqv w n ~ g 6 o n ~ o q z w owvog~axfig z6Eqg ngayp6zov. H voqpazo66zqoq TOW

X E ~ ~ Q ~ X O ~ pvqpeiov zqg E B Y L X ~ ~ S q g o o h a z ~ ~ i a g owpP66~ce pe z a via , E L Q ~ Y L X ~ ~ 0 ~ 1 x 6 16eh6q z q ~ xhgag. O n o g z 6 v ~ o e o O. Cocpo6hq~ ozov h6yo TOW xaz6 z a anoxahvnzfig~a: <<Kal avo iyovza~ ngo qphv z h g a

'61. Ecp. Eozia a@. 13.660 (19 Mamiow 1934), 4. 62. Ecp. Ka9qp~give aq. 8014 (3 No~pPqiov 1938), 6. 63. Ecp. EAEV'~EQOY B@a a@. 1636 (24 Oxzopqiov 1926), 2. Ecp. L@oi"cr aq. 4238 (26

Maqziov 1932), 3. MEE nav'hov Aqav66x11, [1926], A', 436. MAP~APITHZ 1989, 112. 64. KRUSE-KRUSE 1994, 106, 111-112, 115.

H pv&q zwv E ~ Y ~ X ~ Y noh6pwv (1912-22) azqv EhAcEGa 301

O Q ~ O V T E S vSov ayhvov, G V ~ X E Q ~ V EE iaov xaL ~ v y ~ v h v , ayhvov EL-

gqv~xhv. IIQOS zqv vSav avzfis 7&fiv, nhovz~~oyCvqs p~ axonozis xaL ~Gav~xd vSa, flaG~@~ afip~gov q Ehhds, cp~hoGoEozioa v k a s ~ ~ g q v ~ x f i s ngo660v xaL 8 ~ 1 d ~ f l o v s n v ~ v p a z ~ x o z i ~ > > ~ ~ . 0 h IIagaax~v6novhos E V ~ T ~ E E '60 ~ V T J ~ E ~ O GTOV ~ ~ p f l ~ h ~ ~ p d TqS vi*ltqs 0 ~ p p C i ~ ~ v TqS Avzavz (&a S ~ Q E ~ E va hq8fi xaL va axova8fi xaL nSgav zov avvd- gov zov ~hhqv~xozi xgdzovs d z ~ o Ehhqv azganhzqs avvSflah~ xaL avz6s E L S zqv p~ydhqv vixqv zov a v p p d ~ v > > ~ ~ ) . AEV ~ i v a ~ z v ~ a i o 6 z ~ aza anoxahvnzQ~la nag6mqaav p6vov ~ x n g 6 a o n o ~ xgazhv ( k h h i - as, I'~ovyxoahaflias, H I I A , Izahias, IIohovias, Povpavias, Tovgxi-

nghqv a v p p a ~ ~ x h v zqs Avzdvz filxa~ za onoia avfixav 0@i6v azqv oh6zqz6 zovs ( p ~ ~Ea ig~aq zqv Izahicl) azo azgaz6nsGo zov <<avvzqgqz~xhv>> Gvvdp~wv (avzhv 6qhaGfi nov zaaaovzav vnSg zov ~Gacp~xozi status quo, TO onoio x a 8 ~ ~ g d 8 q x ~ p& Z L S avv8fix~s ~1gfivqs). Mdhlaza, O L I'dhho~ IIaha~oi IIohsp~azSs (Anciens Combattants) xa- zS8&aav, avzi az~cpdvov, <<nhdxav pagpagivqv p~ ~ d h x ~ v o v xhhvov Gdcpvq~>>~~.

H pv@q zov v ~ x g h v zov E ~ V L X ~ V nohSpov E ~ E xaL pLa dhhq EQ-

yah~~axf i ~gfiaq, nov vnovofi8qxs nagandvo: ~E6cpgal$ ( x a ~ E E V ~ ~ Q E - zozia~) zq h ~ y 6 p ~ v q <<naha~onoh~p ~ a z ~ x f i xaL ~cp~Ggonoh~p ~ a z ~ x t j LGE- ~ h o y i a > > ~ ~ . K E V T Q L X ~ ~ 84aq azqv z&h&z"i)ov anoxahvnzq~iov zov Mvrlp~iov zov Ayvoazov Zzgaz~hzq & i ~ a v o L n o ~ x i h ~ s E ~ E G ~ o ~ o ~ E ~ L - az~xSs ogyavha~~s: q E voaq IIaha~hv IIoh~p~azhv EhhCiGos, q E ~ v L - xfi Ogydvoaq EcpSGgov EhhdGos, q E0v~xfi E V O J ~ L S EcpSGgov I I o ~ E - p~azhv <<Y~qhdvzqs>>, q E8v~x" i )gydvoa~~ EcpSGgov I I E L Q ~ L ~ S , q I's- VLX- voa1s Avanfigov IIohSpov Azz~xfg, q IIav~hhfp~10~ E voaq EcpSGgov Onhtzhv, x.d.70 M E 6~rlya zov gdho TOVS azy6~aG~xaaia rqs E ~ V L X ~ ~ S ohoxhfigoaq~ (6nws z 6 v ~ a ~ Svas T C O ~ L T E V ~ ~ E V O S IIaha~6s IIoh~y~azfis: ccza 6 g ~ a zqs IIazgisos pas za onoia p& d a a s Bvaias xaL p~ z6aov aipa Ei~ov x ~ ~ ~ E E L O L IIaha~oi ~ o h & p ~ a z a i > > ~ ~ ) O L E h h - Y E S ~ ~ E Z E Q ~ V O L avyx~ozoziaav nhq86ga a o p a z ~ ~ a x h v 0pd8ov JCiEaqs,

65. Ecp. EAE~~OEQOY B@a a@. 3573 (26 Ma~ziov 1932), 3. 66. 0.n: 67. C T E ~ P A N H Z - K O ~ N H Z 2002, 24. 68. Ecp. E A E ~ ~ ~ E Q O Y B@a a@. 3573 (26 Ma~ziov 1932), 3. 69. Ilgph. METAZAZ 1942, 8. 70. Ecp. A x ~ d n o A ~ g a@. 1134 (26 Ma~ziov 1932), 4. Ecp. Kaeqp~~svfi a@. 3557 (26

Ma~ziov 1932), 3. 71. METAEAZ 1942, 25.

p~ onon6 zqvopiponoiqoq (<<oL nahaioi noh~piozai anoz~hou'v TO

P60gov .to ~0vin6v nai TO nau'xqpa zov Kgazdv z o v ~ ~ ~ ) , zq 0~op006- zqoq xai xazoxu'gooq vhindv a~zqp&zov, 6~~n6indvzas nvgios ~ E Q G 610 ozq vopq TOW ng&zovs naL ozov aygozin6 ~noiniop6. Eni naga- G~iypazi, o ngozagxin6~ nazaozazix6~ oxon6~ TOW Cvv66opov zwv Ecp66gwv A ~ ~ o y c r z ~ n h v A ~ ~ v ~ Y - ~ E L Q ~ L ~ s (&gego 2) tjzav:

q ~xayy~Apaz~xrj axoxazciazaa~g zov p~Adv row 61a xavzdg vopl- pow p6aou, q aAilqA~yyv'q xal aAilqAopoq8~h p~zaEv' auzdv, q EEC- qoalg zqg 86a~wg auzdv EY zq X O L Y O Y ~ , q ~ x ~ 6 i o E ~ g zqg ~ v ~ a x v ' a ~ o g auzdv und zqg IIoA~z~lag 61a zlpqz~xdv, q8~xdv xal U A L X ~ Y 61ax~i- a ~ o v xah x ~ o z ~ p r j a ~ o v 16la zov xaAaldv xoA~p~azdv EE auzdv ELS zag K @ ~ Z O V ~ , A&OV, V O ~ L X ~ Y ; ~ ~ @ o o & ~ o Y 6 ~ 0 - aiou G~xalou xa1 w v Avwvv'pov E Z ( T L Q L ~ Y x a ~ T ~ a x ~ c d v , q r q ~ i a &E&v'@&ahg &@yaaihg &15 zoug av&youg &E auzdv xal q xazoxv'@oa~g xal P~ilzloalg zqg 86a~wg zdv rj6q ~ ~ y a ~ o p 6 v o v ~ ~ .

H ngdzq vopo0~zintj p6gipva vn6g zov nahaidv IToh~p~ozdv EE- x ivqo~ naz& aq 6 i & g x ~ ~ a zwv ~0vindv noh6pov. TO 1916 B~oniozqx~ <<q n~gi0ahQ~s zov O L X O ~ E Y E L ~ Y zov ozgaz~vop6vo~ av6gdv 6ia zqs nagox% E L S avz6s xgqpazindv E T C L ~ O ~ & Z O V , acp7 E T ~ Q O V 6~ q xogtjyq- 01,s ~nagnou's y~ogyinou' xhtjgov ELS zovs onhizag ~ x ~ i v o v s oiziv~s tj0~hov 6iaxg~0tj naz& zag p&~as>>. Tavz6~gova htjcp0qxav za ngdza pizga vnig zov avantjgov noh6pov7 p~ zqv nagoxtj OE avzo'U/s ovvz&- EEWY naL €ni60p&~03~ naL zqv rcagaxdgqoq ngos ~ n p ~ z & h h ~ v o q r c ~ g i - nzigwv, xaehs nai p~ zqv ~npio0woq nacp~v~iov <<tj ahhov ngazqgi- o v E Y Z ~ S 6qpooiwv " j )6 ioz~nhv na'~aozqp&zov>>~~. O W U L ~ ~ ~ L X ~ S , ooz6o0, <<0~p~h~ozt js zqs Ecp~Ggintj~ I66as>> ozqv Ehh66a tjzav o ozgazqy6~ O~66ogos l-I&ynahos, o onoios zov Io'U/vio TOW 1926 ~ ~ 0 0 6 - z q o ~ aa ngdza ovozqpazin& <<ngoozaz~vz~n& pizga>> vnig zov Ecp6- 6gov, zwv Hahaidv IToh~pio~dv nai zov avantjgov noh6p0v~~. Ones nai ozg p~h~zqp6vq n~ginzooq zov Max~6ovop&~ov, zov H n ~ ~ g o z o - p&xov nai zov 6hhov az&xzov onhagxqydv zov < < E ~ V L X O ~ ' Aydvos>> ( p ~ aizi)paza TO 1928 yLa o v v z h ~ ~ ~ s , yq, ~ I ( I ~ ~ ~ L E S 0 6 0 ~ ~ s nhn.), TO %hi- os aov ~ ~ E Z E Q & Y W V TOW zanzinou' ozgazo7j ~EagyvgdBqn~ p~ ~Eioov

72. METAEAZ 1942, 100. 73. KATAZTATIKON 1936, 4-5. 74. PO~KAKOC 1936, 40. 75. Ecp. Ejlnlg (KE'exvea) a@. 21 (13 Iovviov 1926), 3, 6x011 Gripooi~zjsza~ q nee-

ocphvqoq zov neoE'6eov zov CvvGE'opov EcpiGewv A~iwpazin6v z q ~ KE'exvea~ n e o ~ zov ndyxaho xazd zqv ex ioxe~q zov zshevzaiov ozo vqoi.

u$qM (fi xar x a r h neginrwoq Guoavhhoyo r q s e9vrxfis n~oocpog&s) e n r ' t . 6 ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ . TO A' llavehhfivro ZvvE6gro TOY l l aAar6v I l o h e p r o ~ h v (19-22 Ma-iov 1934), oro onoio ovppereixav <<I40 x a r nhiov, avrr- ng6oonor 71 n a h a i o n o h ~ p i o r r x h v O Q ~ ~ V ~ O E W V x a i ecpe6gonohepi- o r i x h v ovhhbyov x a i ovv6Eopov rqg xhgag, egE't.aoe rov <<g6ho>> rovg <<pEoa e q ~ q v peranoheprxfiv Korvoviav>> x a r eE,Ecpgaoe <<rqv a v h - yx11v>> nov aro9hvovrav oi l l a h a i o i llohepiorig <<va egiheouv a n 6 ro n e g r e h ~ i o v rqg orlpegwfig [6qpooiclg] tofig [...I 6ra ~ q v a n 6 xaigozi avapevopCvqv avap6gcpoorv 't.qg Ehhqvrxfig Korvoviag xa r rev Ehhq- vixolj Eevovg yevixhg>>. Avr6g o (ozipcpova pe ra ox6hra rov AxrhhE- o g xa r .tau K o v o r a v r h o v Kzigov orqv avran6xgroq rqg ecp EazCag) <<iorogrx6g ~ Q O O Q L O ~ ~ S > > rovg o rqg i t6 rav 010 <<nv&zipa rev x a g a x h - paroS>>. Qor6o0, aur6g o vnegcpiahog r6eahrop6g 6ev firav hporgog vhrxhv a i r ~ ~ p & r o v . Evag a v r r n g 6 o o n o ~ p&hrora ng6reive <<6nos 6ra v6pov ou6ei5 anotf i a n 6 .tov xgar ix6v ngoijnohoyrop6v a v 6ev 6x11 ogropEvqv vnqgeoiav eig 10 pEronov>>. 0 I?. KovGzihqg o't.0~ Xargerr- op6 rov (og Ynougy6g awv Z r ~ a ~ ~ w r i x h v ) ngog ro o u v i 6 ~ r o Xaga- x r f i ~ r o e roug llaharozis llohepro't.Eg <<nfjgvxeg r q s i6E'ag rov ievovg>> xar os <<TO onov6ar6regov igeiopa>> rou xghrovg. Zzipcpova pe rig anocphoeig rou ouve6giov7 o g6hos rovg o ~ q v <<avap6gcpooiv rqg Eh- hqvrxfis Korvoviag>> epnegreixe TOY avrrxoppouvrop6: rqv <<an6hvrov &gvqorv rqg avqeixov x a i eyxhqparrxfis r6Eag 't.qg n&hqg r o v r&geov>> xar rqv <<oregghv an6cpaorv7 6 n o g oraeoziv avrrpEronor erg revs eaoregrxo6g 106 E9vovg ex8go6g7 pe rqv r6iav arg6pqrov oraeeg6- 't.yca, pe rqv onoiav avreperhnroav roug egore~rxozig e x e ~ o z i g > > ~ ~ . TO 1940 xvxhocp6gqoe i v a EyxdAn~ov n~oazaal'a~ I T a A a ~ d v l 7 o A ~ p ~ a z d v xaL Avan@wv 170A6pov7 pra xo6rxonoiqoq rqg oxerrxfig vopoeeo1/C1~ (yra rqv aygo'trxfi anoxarhoraor l , TOY 6rogrop6 oe Ogyavropo'ljg x a r Noprxh l l g 6 o o n a A~lpooiov Arxaiov, rqv an6hvoq7 rq proeohoyia, rrg arihereg, rrs ngooav~fioerg 'COY proehv x a i TOY ouvr&geov xhn.), EY ~ E h e i yra rqv <<egvnq~E'rqorv r q g r h g e o g 'COY n o h e p r o r h v x a r & rqv v6prpov 6rex6ixqorv ' ~ o v 6 rxaiov ~ o v > > ~ ~ . Exr6s r o v x z i ~ r o v vo-

76. ~OYNAPHZ 1990, 322-323, 327. 77. ria zo A' ITav~hhtjvio CvvE/6~i0 zwv IIahaichv IToh~piazchv ph. Ecp. Eada a@.

13.660 (19 Ma'iov 1934), 4, a@. 13.661 (20 Ma'tov 1934), 4 xai a@. 13.669 (28 Ma'iov 1934), 1. Ecp. I?eola a@. 9-197 (21 Madov 1934), 3 xa i a@. 9-198 (22 Matow 1934), 3.

78. XAIPO~OYAOZ [1940], 3. Ynoyg6ppiaq TOW y~6cpovzo~. ME b6aq avayxaazix6 v6p0 TOW Oxz0;)(3~iov 1935, <<Ti cpe6goi ITahaioi IIoh~piazai 0 ~ 0 ~ 0 6 v ~ a i 01 xaz6 zaS an6 zov 6zov~ 1912 E/w< 1923 ~n i az~azsdae i< v n q ~ ~ z r j a a v z ~ ~ EL< TOY G T Q C L T ~ Y z q ~ Eq-

po8f:aixdv wcp~hrlpaaov, oi IIahaioi IIohspioaSs anohapfiavav xai ahhov nh~ov~xaqpaaov, 6no< aqv <<avSyf:goiv ~v8qvdv oixidv>>, aqv vno~g~oa ix f i ng6ohq~q f:cpSGgov an6 a y ibioaix6s ~3ti~f:igfiof:is <<oi- ao6finow pogcpfis fi a$nov>> xai an6 aa aganf:<lzixa fi xoivocp~hfi i6g$paaa ( n . ~ . ~cp6oov pia 161oaixfi &nixf:i~qaq anao~oho$o& ngooo- nix6 &YO TOY xihiov vnahhfihov, v n o ~ g ~ o ~ z o va ngooh&fif:i IIahai- oris IIohepiotfs of: nooooa6 3%). Enioqs, IIahaioi IIohepioaS~ oi onoioi ngooonoxgaao$vaav yia xg6q ngos 'to Aqp6oio anoh$ovaav an6 ais cpvhaxE's, 6aav 6iSvvav of: avzSs ao fipiov aov xgovixod 6ia- oafiparos nov ogi<6aav an6 rov v6p0. EninhSov, Bnogoi IIahaioi IIohsyioa6~, 6nos xai pShq zov O ~ X O ~ E ~ E L ~ Y aovs, ~ioayovaav xaz6 ngoaipqoq oaa voooxop~ia, oaa aavaa6gia xai oza 8f:ganf:vafi~ia nava6s f:iGovg, xa8ds xai oaa xgaaixa aovha xai aa cpihav0gonixa i6gbpaaa ivavai aov hoinhv n ~ h i a d v ~ ~ . Ar~piov~yfi8qxf: 6 x 0 ~ pia vka Giaxgizfi xoivovixfi xaaqyogia pf: i6iaitf:ga ngov6pia xai pf: fiaaix6 f:gyahf:io vopiponoiqofis a0v.s zq pvfipq TOY ~8v ixdv nohSpov. H 8 ~ - apixfi ovyxg6aqoq, q 6iaxf:igioq xai q avanagayoyfi aqs pvfipqs TOY

~0vixdv noh6pov anoa~ho6of: <ozix6 Giax6fif:vpa yia aqv ~nifiiooq avzfig aqs xaivo$gyias <<pf:aanohrpix-fis>> xo ivovixfi~ xazqyog (as.

Zaqv Evgdnq, p ~ a d aqv zgayixfi if:gocpavf:ia aov nohSpov q <<yf:via aov 1 9 1 4 ~ (rwv xagaxopaaov) ~ean6hvof: pia (xaz6 zov Emilio Gen- tile) <<f:nav&ozaoq zov nvf:$paaos>> q onoia, pCoa Sva nahiggoiax6 x6pa i6~ahiopo6 xai xoapixfis 8gqox~vaix6zqaas -ahha xai pf: agxf:- afi 66aq <<&~ayvio'tixfi~>> fiias -, 8a ohoxhfigov~ zqv qeixfi avay6vvqoq xai nohiaixfi avap6gcpooq zqs <<vhioaixfis xai nagany iaxfip ~ v g o - na'ixfis xoivovia~ aov fin-de-sidcle8O. Zzqv Iaahia TO 1922 xai xaa6- niv of: nohhE's ahhf :~ ~vgona ' ixS~ x d g q q pa<ixfi haag~ia aov v ~ x g d v

~ 6 5 , &is TO Naw~ix6v fi zqv ~o~ocpwhanfiv, xai pq X Q O E Q X ~ ~ E V O L E X zov povipov ax&- hexdv TOW az~azedpazo~ fi z q ~ xo~ocpwhaxfi~>>. Axaeaizqzq vopixfi X Q O ~ ~ J C ~ ~ E ~ T ) fizav 01 x a ~ a x 6 v o va 6 x 0 ~ ) ~ <<a~o6&6&iyp6v~)~ W X E Q ~ L E T ~ ~ x~aypazixfiv EV zo a z ~ a z 6 wxq- ~ea iav , ~g qs ~vv6a k v a s EV zq Ghvq zov x~6ao>>. Ezow~ <<Ecp66~ow~ llahaiod~ nohe- piaz6p awyxazah6yovzav xai oi i6 ia i ze~e~ x a z q y o ~ i ~ ~ : a') < < A V ~ X ~ Q O L noh6pow aax6zos X Q ~ V O W az~az ioz ix f i~ wxq~eaiag>>, P' ) <<T~awpaziai xoh6pow EV y6v~i, os xai oi xae6vze~ EX xoh~pix6v xaxow~i6v xai x ~ i e 6 v z ~ s avixavoi [ ~ Q O S ~~yaa iav]>>, xai ax6 zov Oxz6P~io TOW 1936 (A.N. 244) xai y') ccywvaix~s wxq~ezflaaaai xa26 zaS ax6 TOW 1912 xai ~vzedeav ~niaz~az~u'aaig cis Ez~aziotix6 Noaoxop~ia &xi 61~- ziav zowh6x~azov, EE q~ &xi E V V E ~ ~ ~ V O V EV v o ~ o x o p ~ i o i ~ 4 axqpaziapoi~ zqs Ghvqs zov x ~ 6 a o > > (POEAKOZ 1936, 7-8. XAIPOITOYAOC [1940], 43-44, 83).

79. POEAKOZ 1936, 16-17, 21-22, 30, 51. 80. GENTILE 1996, 15- 16.

n o h ~ p ~ o ~ h v naL E ~ Y O ~ C C Q T G Q O Y naL q g ~ < o o n a o ~ ~ n f i ay~ono iqoq ~ o v SBvovs ~ 6 ~ o n o ~ f i e q x ~ an6 zovs cpaoio~~s -odpcpwva p~ TOY Gentile, o c p a o ~ o p 6 ~ ~ E Y qxav T ~ ~ O T E 6hho n a g 6 i v a s z ~ 6 n o s y ~ a zq ovv ix~oq ~ o v M ~ y 6 h o v IIohipov xaL y ~ a ~q p ~ ~ a p 6 ~ c p o o q TOY ~ E L ~ Y TOV OE

pLa X O ~ L T L X ~ ~ 0 ~ q o n ~ i C I p~ anoozohfi T ~ Y avayivvqoq TOV ~ ~ Y O W S ~ ~ .

Czqv n&&r.r;oaq zqs Ehh&6as, n a ~ & z y ~ ~ E Q E ~ Y L ~ L ~ T L ~ ~ S ( x a ~ ocp6- 6 ~ a a v ~ ~ x o p p o v v ~ o ~ ~ n i ) ~ & t y y e h k s zov A' IIavehhqviov Zvve6~iov TOY I I a h a ~ h v ~ O ~ E ~ L O T ~ Y , xaL p~ ~ t a i g ~ o q pLa p ~ ~ o q q c p o d a a op66a I I a h a ~ 6 v I I o h ~ p ~ o ~ h v nov i n h l v ~ ~ Q O S ~q < < c p a a ~ o ~ ~ n ~ j v nohl't~nqv y Q a p p q ~ > > ~ ~ , ~ E Y 8qp~ovgy1j0qn~ i v a p a < ~ n 6 n a h a ~ o n o h ~ p ~ o ~ ~ n 6 nivq- p a TO onoio ~ Q E ~ E ngos TOY onova6g~op6. 0 1 E h h q v ~ s P E T E Q ~ Y O L X ~ L

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The memory of the "national wars" (1912-22) in Greece

Spyridon G. Ploumidis

The paper examines the structuring of the collective memory of the so-called 'national wars' (1912-1922), i.e. the wars for national unifica- tion in Greece. In the light of funeral and commemorative speeches, war monuments, cenotaphs, etc. I investigate the discourse of this memory,

both on an institutional level as well as in the realm of Public History. The hegemonic political narrative of the political elite, the military, in the academia,and of the Church are scrutinized. Emphasis is placed on the Epinikeia (Victory Day) of 1920, i.e. the triumphant official celebra- tions that followed the signing of S h e s treaty. For they instituted the 'cult of the heroic dead' in modern Greek politics and formally recog- nized the formation of a new privileged social category: the war veter- ans and invalids.

The sacralization of the war dead was formalized in the construc- tion of the monument/tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Mnimeion tou Agnostou Stratiotou) in the Greek capital. For that matter, I highlight the role of the military in the institution of this new profane religion, since the pertinent decision for the construction was taken by the gen- eral Pangalos dictatorship in 1926. In addition, I argue that the symbol- ism of the monument and the choice of the place for its erection (in front of the parliament) directly refer to classical Athens of Pericles (fifth century B.C.). Moreover, the anonymity of this novel monument (first established in Paris on Armistice Day in 1919) further certifies the democratization of war memory and politics in the aftermath of the First World War (which, in the case of Greece, virtually, ended in 1922).