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2~'1l'-3filli'-3mh1\liu.n A.L. Kroeber andOyde Kluckhohn. Culture, New York: Vintage Books, 1963.

3t.h::~u.t~::\t'n~f'I1Wtmil~tfvn'i cuhuril! Sld1J1U1.11n\u Raymond Williams, Kevwords: A Vocabulary of

Culture and Society (London: Fontana Paperbacks, 1983), pp. 87:93. '1

tl~~ ~1l'~ftl~Slt.h::laWIJ1nUI~~~ '\li"ri Clifford Geertz. The Interpretation of Cultures. New York :

Baelc: Boob 1973.

56 SO· lOS

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rh.:.· t?oman Empire. Rand. 1979.

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6.1JtJL~VUL~tl1~tl'li1''H'li1L~·hth~ 1 i'-l.th::L'Ylfi1'Ylv!\3.11fl'l'lil\UJf1"m1~Lrlu1111!1'1\YltJ LL~::~LtJU1111!1'1D~flt]l!l' ~1tlU"l '@i'LLri HU'Yli fl~Vi~INI11. '11111'1111111h:tmPI1tiFJ. fl'HL'Yl'l'l":: : 3Jl'\1'l'YlV1~V113.1"1LLVI~, 2526 , . ,

60

4.3 fin1UllJ~illlJ f11itm3J~Viili::la\tlu "lll~'Hl'\.( ~'VI~lt1f11itmll LL~L~m~~~11l ' ..

~ 0 A t=t I ::;

~~tJT13J1L 'Vitl\lfl1'\.\tl13JL~tJ1 L 'YllU U . ._ n. rnunm

"1~Uli113J 1~Lbrl f;ULL\JU ~1El1l'i::ft1ULL~\I'Vi1j~n713J~Lfi~~U~lnn11L1r.JUt ~\l~nTILU~tJULLU~.:Jil~LUUU~HU Yi1j~n713J~.:Jn~11113J,t.:JflffUfl~ ~hittJ3J fl113Jt LL~~1J11~1

i.l ~ I " '

1~~fl.:J'VI ~ltl Yi1j~n713JLL~~ ft .:!Yl.:J'VI ~1tl~.:J1l~113J1LL~1~1l11i'tlLL~~iin11~ \I'Ylil~~il1tlff\l'l.J11~1

~3J1~nLL ~.:~«.:Ifill" 7

'u. trmim::u,~zh:mTl

~3Jfl11~~~LLtJnfl'n"Mru.~~1.:J i 'llil.:J1~uli113Jm3Jf11itm3J "ll1m!1u" ~H~u ~\l~l~mh'VIU~Ltlu 6 fl'n"Mru.~ ~D .

( 1) 1~Uli113JLUU'Vi1j~n713J~Lfi~~1nm1L1tJut (2) 1~Uli113JLUU "t;tlLL'l.J'l.J" 'V11il "m~ft1u"

( 4) 1~Uli"l"13J ~m1i'u 1~tJ'l.J11~1~3Jl~nLL ~\li .:Jf13J n~11~nUtJ'VI~.:Jfi~il "1~Uli113JLUU 'Vi q~m13J'V11il~ .:!~~ 3J1~Tl'llil.:Ji \lfi3J~~1ULUUL ~1'llil.:Jhl3J1nti'ltm.J"

( s) 1~Uli113J~1l11~n~ \l~il'VI1t~1~fum1thtJ'Ylil~3J1 " ' ( 6) 1~Uli113JLU~tJULLU~.:JilijLUUU~HU

v ' v <f • q

5. 1~'U1i11llfll1Jfl111Jl11JltJUl1.:16 -3fl1JffUlVI1 : fll'UtJ11J1JlV119l'U

f11itmll~1\I~U ~ L1mntlu~~~'l.J "lllm;Jlu" 1fu~ 3Jfl11~~ili'l.JltJL ~3JL~ 3J~ .:~~t~1tld .. I I f tl

• -· -c "" .... ~· .. "" .. "" "" Sl 5.1 o~tlu1~mmnl1lH : 1\l)I\J1i11lJiulfrtq\>lm1lJnm~'lllHllfl01111lJUl

Yifl~m13J"l..il.:Jllu~6~1u1'VIrtlLn~~u;nnm1L1tJw~· f"h11 ''L1t~u-f" 'V13JltJfi113J11 Ltlu ., , ·~ u u

&.:~~1~f'l.J3J11lltJ'VI~.:J (acquired) m1~ihLit~lllLL~1 n~n~il ii1.nLuu&.:~~Ln~~u 1~tJ "'Ylltl~ ~3Ju~" 'VI1il '\ii..:I'WU1ind13J" (hereditary) ~.:~1fu ~ 1l11~"l..il\l.n11'Yltll~.:J11!1"Il1~uli113J L"Iiu , m,-a:l~1"l..11 'VI1t~~1~1 ~3J'VImn 'VI1m.Jll~1.:~ 111Ltlu~1u"l..t~-:~1~uli113J L'Vi11~a:l~~~13J1LL~

7 John F. Cuber. Sociology (6th ed .. New York: Appleton·Century·Crofts. 1968), p. 7(,.

so 103 61

.. ~

flil UU "gene"

n. wqnm7u~liin#uinmJDnw1'11tJfhm1tJ Tn~wu (reflexes) 13.1~~11Ltlu 1'~un-7'UJYUJiifl'l73J~ ,Jl1,( 'Y~Un-77 3JL 'W71!:t UU u~n1EI1'Yl1~fti7~ 'VI~ il'Y1Hfl~13JL dt~~LUU 1u1"v~" 1umi~uL1ifl~umh~u~~u13.11~ ii~'i'1vd1" 1~LLn

( 1) nnm::vflu"1~Ln~~uL£J\I (13.11~~\lhm::'W1u) LLilLn"~""' 1~v-a" 1umi

b 'W'l1!:Lbft \1Lih"1 'VIi£J~1VL 'V\~~'1.1. ·

(2) fl171mm1::LUU Vt1" (iiL"Ji~\1 h1£J) Vti£Jm::LL£J3JL ~~ L ~fl'I.I.~WY1711Jl1 "U111LL~1 'VI~ilil~~L"~'VI~\1

(3) fl17~!\£J«::'ti'£JU fl~Ubil\1Lrlmi'1l~ft fllJ'llil\l.,.ilU ~fi'VI~il b~U ~fl

'll. £JU1'117n"11l m7'Yl71U1,,..qfim71lfit~1udtlel11Ltlu.Y~un-,,111~,t_,~""' ,t_,d ·

L 'W71:: Lll~~U~1flfl11Li£Juf 911mh-:~1~LLn fl1~LWH11Ut'lil11 fl17~\lhm::-w7u"1 'VIiil~\lh I I ;, + I

li1m'V1~1 m7 LLU7 -:~Vfu fl17Vt1H11 fl17L~1~1L .Wt~a!t~911'ln1 Ytl fl17 L ~1Li£J-:~ fl1'lfl~11"n1l'VIi£J

9i1Vtu

62

fl. 911£J~1\I~U j 'llil\11~Un-'l'l1ltl'I.I.LU\4Ht'l~1flfl17Li£Juf,t\I~U 1~Lbrl ( 1) m'l1U'J111"W£Ju"i ( 11) m7 1nu 1u~~_, (2) fl17bbftfl\lfl113J~\;J ( 12) fl17L~U'VI111f1LfllJ'llil\lb~fl

(3) fl1'lLLfi'Uty'VI~flm"fl'lft"i (13) fl17L~U1£Jfl::,

( 4) fl1'lLUUfl\11t'lL~il\l~'ll111'W'llil\l "ULil\1 (Vt~il'llil\1~~'1.1.)

(5) tn7Litr-w.nm~t'l\l

( 6) m7 1nufh~::'ll£J\1Ufl1J1"n

(7) fl17\j"n1'W'l::

(a) fl17LLftfl\l~::fl7

(9) fl17"W1n,;.1'llu

(10) fl17L~Ufl1Vfl'l'l3J

( 14) fl17LL"J.l\l'ln !I A

(15) fl1'l'llULfl'lil\IUU

(16) fl17~1U'VI'!X\I~il'W3J~

( 11) fl1'l'J~::m 1'Yl7'Yifl''ll ...

( 18") fl17L'll£JU~~'VI3J1£J

( 19) fl17 1 Yl1 fl'WYl

\1, fl17LinufiJ'UL UUUtJLfifiLL vt\11~un-7'l 3J~UiJ,HLllfi~U 1~~ -:~1"£J "T111f ~1"

so 103'

q n Slu ... , " .. .J! I 0 X .. "1 I

(1) 01111UUl VIU3fl'll1'Ul31~an (conscious) flflt."llfl1~>'~.,1b'HJU'fl:; b1fl~

L"liu f117h~.,L1£Ju-irunwu~ f11ih~.,tJn1iJaau 1 -t11ih~.,L1£Ju 1ufl:; Ltlu~u ~ ~ t

(2) m1a;uufiv.u,~fA'·nsie,~f,~an (unconscious) -L"liu fl11Lfll'flU1.,

~1mn1 "L~£JUbb1Jt/' flm1111~1 ~1'flm1Lfll'flU1.,1L~'flU~.,

~. ~~~m7~.,b1]u1~un-7711'flT;JLLU.,1'fl'flmiJu 2 LL1J1J t~mi ~~~m111i~LL~., u~~~q~n1711~'fl1JU~., .

(1) vtq&innll'lfv.ul..'l (overt behavior) ii~1'flU1.,14fLLn m1ttJ~~1~ m1

1-Jr~~ bll£JU~1'fli'flu i'fl 11 m1i1J1 m~h~1'fl1t1EJU~ nTn;J£Ju ~U.,1ff'fl

(2) vtq~nnlluouue-h ,.,;ofM'u1n ~q~m7~1lli~~1m-'l~~m711tl~

(covert behavior) bUU~q~n~711~bV:u~1'fl'Y1111J14ffi'flU~1.,1tJ1fl ~1SUNii~1.,1 j flu du t111

11.,1 1m.,m71uh m1iim111Yi.,l·'mh~u~1 m7ii~'fln.,1"ll111L'Yl~L~1ii';l~.J~1'fl1ll-;J~.J m111L~'fl

b~fl.J~.,1flfl~ff'Ylt fl11bfl11~\j"1Jl17oy~'IY fl11"1ffl1J1ll~b~UU fl11~~~1U1nl.flfl11~1b~'fl-f fl11

Lbnl1ru~1Bn'IY71"ll1'4!1£Jfll:J~~ m~:; "1~"1 ... .

ul ""' g,l Q . AG

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m1~.,~'flft .,1i£J m1iirrfYJn-1 m1iifl1111f«n'flfl~ 8 fll'HLR~.,fld111Lfi17~1J"lf1~1Ubb~1LL~f~ ~ ~ \

'flu1u "l'~un-1111" ~111UmL~.,i.,fl11fl1R~-f 14f~J~u ~

<'_I ~ u iJ -1 .II iJ 1 .,. 5.2 6..'1flu1~fl6UlUI6..'1 : l~U1i11lll UlUllUU1116l U ~fl1~0lU" ll11..'1vtqflfl11ll

~IOVI~U\llfln111;UUf (pattern of learned behavior) 'II

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~.,1~'fl1tJ~

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~·;mcl1.,~'fl ttJ~

8tJflfiLUl4nl'lLLU-3fl"l11ltRm~'flYlfll4flfi 1111Y1~-3nq,;.Li11 "prejudice" LLfl'V11nLU'\.4n1'lm::fh ~fliim'l ''Lfliln

l.J~llfi" L~'l1::flflfill'm7£1d1 "discrimination"

so 103 63

1 I I a,; I

(1) W1tJU'NffHU ~ 1117eht-~irilfl11LJiirh ft-3~1\Hl~"ilm::ihih~ ..,l]iin'l'l 11ti I I . I ·

LiJwpJLL1JlJ'VIi'ilf11t\'f1U L..,71::Lfl[J1~Un1J..,l]9ifl773Jft1U~U j L"lJU "ilmtfht'nflfl'IY1Th~-3

~1uifam111 1w~'IU-3ft ad~:: £ifl11LJL flu1ii'D-3rllJL~a~fiH j L-rlu 1117~1utfum~L flu1ilu

1. 1117~Ln1~::YJ711J'hr~ull77LJt'laa:::17 · 2. 1117~~:::tHl1Jt~~fl:::LLUU 3. 1117LflrJ1~UrllJft1U~U j "ilil-3..,l]9if1173J ~il YlflUflii11"lfillJ'VIi'il

1il"lfauirafl11LJd Lilu#lu

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I I I I

fl17iiLiJU "·p.JLLlJlJ" 'VIi'il "m:::ft1U" L..,71:::£ifn"~Ym:::Lfl£J1~'1Jrl1Jft-3ih-l j L"lJU Ln£J1~U I I

rllJ1117L ..,~f!L ..,~U1117~il1JftUil-lft ..1Li'1 (stimulus) LL~t1117£iLJ 1um.., fl113JL ~a~uri1~LJH1fl

..,l]iifl77LJ~u j L-rlu ~1flfl17L,tJU177mflfi 'VIi'il~1nm7~lt.lm.., Lilu#lu ·

,., th~m1~a6~ : 1'~u1l77 LJLUUlULL1JtJ'VI7am:::ft1U LUfl11LJ'VILJ1£J11Lilu ... . t.f I I

Q.t Q.t t I A Q.t I .:t VI.J A ~ A I Q..ol A ,::::6 A I

fl113Jft LJ..,U 157::: 'V\11..1.., l]~ fl77 3.1'1Jil -l~flfl ~~ \ILL~ft il -lfl14"iJU LlJ LLJil 3Jfl17~fl~ il flU 'V\7 il 'Yl L 7 £J fl11

iit.l::: 'Yl::: i -3ft77 'VIi' il "interactions" L -rlu fl113JftLI~Wiht 'VI1H

( 1 ) ~i'u nu~ ~

(2) Ufl1ll17fl1ilu~m

(3) ft1iirl1J1177£J1

( 4) ;1u,~nlJ71'1!-lJ1

( 5) ~u.,.,_ut!llJ'tf1nu~a~lll1l'"~uullJ"lf1 (s) u1tm..,'Yliinuflu1if

(7) fi,_;.iinum~17ii

(a) u1£Jf1..1ilu~nt'H I ' ... I ...

(9) L..,a'"-~m..,au

().., ......... X. ... .., ................ ..

10 Uflfl"t11'Yl11Lf!El1 nU 'VI7£l~flflW1'YllJ'VIU..1fllJilfl'Yl3J'VIU-l . . .I ~ k .PI " .I " ... " .. I .. 1 fl. lJ1~fl11Yiftl11 ~~'IU773JL1JU llJLLlJlJ 'V\7£1 fl7:::ft1U LL'VI..1..,l]~fl773J U

, . ' . ; I I

fl113J'VI3J1£J11LUU "1~~1~" 'VIi'£1 1ilm7Yl17 -:~if1fl"il£l"'IJU'IJ19iwit..1 'VI~"lf\4 wit-3 fl\4 ~l\t 1\t

'VI~\1 1' ~U 1577 3J L Ufl113J'VI ~.nrJdiifY1£J!hlllfLLft

.64 so 103

""'......, ~~ " ~ G " " A (1) Jf1711VI'1ltN'll1n (National "way of life") •HLUU m:::ft1U V.'Hl

"vJmJt/' "1JB~f'IULU"lf1~~~V.3J~ ~ I

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Ltnmltl ~1mh~~a

· fl1Wa~flhJi iiiilimJB~fiUft 'lfl1tli 111r.1 1.~i'JU1~U 1r.1iimuih (Lee Kuan

Yew) LL'In.JH;]1flft 3JrJnBU L"Jiu "1lnL:::dLu~L~£l\lfl113Jft::: £l1~ LUUL~£l\Jfl17~ijLu~::: Lilm/hl'rJ ~ ~ I I

Yl\IU LL'Ifl.J1..:J;]1fl~iii!1'1 v.1a1~uli~~11Liiiltl~:::~nm 30 U3J1LL~1 sn'lilnntlnma~LUlULL'l.J'l.J

~LL'Ifl.J1~Belfl l,J · n1riltu,;«u 1iiil1t~~eHfl\lomllinu« 3Jr.~v. ~'~« ~fl71111~nflf ~~«a~uilll

I lot t .. I I I

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LL'l.J'l.J "«1itnu1" v.1a "thll1i1UU1" (inner-dir~cted) LL~:::iiiili'ILL'l.Jtl "~~uu1" (other­

directed)

LUqfiL~3J~UfiL~tl1 1iiif1'1"1JB..:JfiUBL1Jinud~IULL'l.Jtl "tJ-,~L~m\11" ~£lUtl3J I ' ' I

fll~fl~ft 111'V'lL~3J (Status quo) laJ"li'Btlfl1~LtlatJULLtl~~ ~£l3J1LUUqflfiLUUfl1~"1JUUV.3JUL~tl7

LL~:::m7tJ~:::'V'lq~tJ~Ufi~~\I~U L ~Lfi~fi113J«1L'h ~£lqf'ILL v\~ "«1ufi\t1" LL~:::L~£l1!1ULilil~ L;l~llJ'YlH1'1~3J1mt~1n£iLLu11'Lt3J (1~m'i4'V'l1::: 1.uLil£l..:~Lv.~ j) ~;J:::£i~n~m:::L£lUL~n~ltl1.um~ "~~U\b" ~B "lf£ltJtl~::: 'V'lq~tl~tffi'113Jf'IW113Jft3Jtl -if ~Yh L Yi"ll1~~fl~l\.L:::"1J£l..:Jfi113JLUUfl1"JJ£l~ ~1L£l~ B1;]LitJnl~11LUUm~tJ~Ufi'I13JLLY4.fu.J1~ j

(2) 1iM1~'11tNrlJI 7 nJ'I (a man's "way of life") ~\ILUUlULLtltJ V.~tl "«lt~~" "1l£l\ILL.J~:::flu la.IL v. ilaunu

(3) 1i1ii1~'11tN'l/11'11JIV'I1 (a rural's "way of life") -lf~LUUlULL'l.Jtl"JJ£l..:Jfl17 ~1 Lituili'I'VIUfl ltl1u m~L n~'l7m~ 3J m~ aij1ui ~fi3J~hl£i~flu v.u 1uuu 1 iii11'1U£l3JLLfln.JH

;J1fl~~£iifi'lil~LuLil£l~L'VI qJ j ~ ~U1UL1't~u~..:~a~1.n~'a~nu3J1fl fl1~fl3JU 1fl11LULil£l-3L 'VI~ j

tJ~::: flBtJltJ~'"ltltlUU 'VI'U 'Y11..:13J1fl LLqjfi£iUUJ'V\1fll~fY'l.J~~"ll£l\J;J7H~ . ...

9David Riesman, eta/. The Lonely Crowd, Yale University Press, 1973.

so 103 65

\

)

<q ... «::(~ Q,.' '"" ~ r:;

( 4 }fl'JJJV/JJntn'W.JtN (a politician's "way of life") "D..:ILUU"ithbU'U"llel-\1

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- un~ m~11:::~u 3J'V11i'Ylm~u'VI~ t~7::~ui'Ylm~u

- un~m~1Lutl1::L'Yl~L~,

- U11~111~1'1LU~111UUf~U1~'VI~tlLtl1l".lfU .. ,..- U1lfl1l'l~ni'Ylm L"ll~ (campus) ~ ~ \lflij1Ub!lt~\I'VIi'fl~1\I~\I'VI'r~ ( 6) i~;liqjU111pn~ ~ \ILtlu1 tJLLUU"llfl\11117~17 .:Jil'W.i1U1117U7::1lt!U-

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o _I cl .., ,~ , ,· oil " "' 5.3 tl-3flu1tfltllJ'rUI1U : 19UU1i11U \JlUP Na l11tlNl'lfiNaGUtl-3vtqflfl11U (the products

of behavior)

n. flnmh

1~1l773Jiiml3J'V13J1£1713J~..1 e-~~~~~~l\1 j '!l~~1J'1,;li ·~111 "~~qj~~" 'V13JlU~\I

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111UU~'VI17 1117tl~L17,-1"lf1117"lltl-3~171~ 1117tJ,-::: ~\Yl Lfl~fl \lfltl3JVh Lmrf f117oUU£1lU 'Wl'VIU::.

m7L~u~n m,.<Jl~~u m,.L~u~::nt'D m7eUD3Jr1Dtl,-:::tl1 1111~~'VIt0'1 '1~'1

'11. tN~V'1::t7811llHmfl11NfiVrNJ'If]iit711JJ

1~Ull7,-3J'V13JlU,-13J~\I 'ti'fTUfl9i 'ti'f!U~ fJlit~HJ fl111Jt~1\l j ~\l~::t.iLL~Tlbb~\1 " "' "' "' ,-1U~:::bt!U~~\IU:

(1) i'fltU1i111J l'IUlua-3 nnuflfi (attitudes)

'ti'fTufl91 t~LLfL "fl1111Vflti1J~~:::LL~~\Itlfl11~\I'W~9im71J" 'VIi'fl "owfmJ~ d 0 " '

~::1J1117117:::'Yl1

66 so 103.

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- 111~ild'umf1~ ~tl rmh~it~-nt~u~~1~ L"liu "ll't!Uf1U~1"1J11 ~~tl"ll'e:JU f1U~1~h ~~bUU't1f'I'Uf1~

- 1lldaJtlf1~ ~~11LUWnflUf1~e:JclH~ii\l ~tl 1111f~Lfi£J~ L"ll'U f~Ln£J;Jf1U

"" ... '"' ... . (2) 19li\.Ui1UI 11liUJflll1JO~ 'nft'U~11Hl'r111ft'U~ (opinion)

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v "" I " ... I (3) 19li'U1i11ll11liUJO~ fll'UtJll111flflWfll (values) . • f1 mf11~i t~vhitv3J1~LLn m1vncl t1 ~11t~~ h LUU"lltl\l~~it~ hl~ e:J~ h dju , -

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~fl £Jtllll~q~~~ii«1aJ~~1£Jf1ULU"1Jm~L~£J1ifU (1~1J1JYfl·1~1aJ ~it! poiyandry)

t~d~ 'U1\Illil!U1i11ll13Jvt~lli''UL~tl \11l11~cll'l1~ (divorce) ~e:Jtlt~1Tih~ lld«

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LUU 'Yll\11111

LL'U 1f111ll~~11 llil!U1i1'lllaJf1 mf11~~1~ifu dL1£Jn1.1 "d'uvt'n1i mvtnH , l9li'U1i11ll" (Cultural relativism) ~3J~'Yl1i 111Yl~ll1£J~\I 1l11b~tl:IJ t£J,mimf3J~u~if'U~ \I~'U

I I

..I{ "" 0 I ~ "" 0 "' I VI '"" .I .. m \11113Jfl'Uf)l'J1 "absolutism" •n \1~3J1tltl\l 11111ll~U~'YlbLUUtlU b3J~ULLu1 LLU1f1~ "absolutism"

10 Bernard Berelson and Gary A. Steiner. Human Behavior (New York. Harcourt. Brace, World 1964).

PP- 297-323

so 103 67

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' ' A .-=1 q.. ,cl I A

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Vlitl fl11L~tl~'YliLfl1~!fi"il LtJ'\.1.~\1.

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68 50103

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'VI7B1 tyty1 m ~« ii~B~ m ~~1\1 i 111-h;)~ Liluuuunl u ~ 1 v.7tl LLiiLL~1 Utl11l1fl (spirits worship)

'H. iudeNmliidb '

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"lJB \I'Gf \lfl111 'Yltl

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<I _I ..j 91 v -4 I I oil ,~.., I

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t7. {ff7HOJ~Uff"W?ifl'31fl1

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so 103 69

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tl ! -4 I iJ , 'JI J1,~ d. o- £. I

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tl .4-4..,k I I ,1( A Ao- .I ~ .. I

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Lih-Lm'l "m:::~1u" (diffusion) "llel~1'fti'I.L1i1'111 «1elD1~14fLLri

- m1m:::~1U"llel~~1111~1fl'~nq~111~111~11'Ylu L-rlu 1111~11~,. "1'1.1.nii"

(one-way traffic) Lel Lfl (0 .K.)

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L'll'l.l. ft111 el1m'l ("avatar") 'I.I.Y'4'Vi1'1.1. (nirvana)

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70 so 103

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a,. Q., 1.1 I I

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a. J.M. Yinger, Religion, Socletv and the Individual, New York : Macmillan, 1957.

b. J.M. Yinger, The Sclentitlc Studv of Culture. New York : Macmillan, 1970.

so 103 73

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so 103 75

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76 so 103 /.·~

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150gburn and Nimkoff. op. cit.. p. 48.

'so 103 '79

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II I ,1

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• 'II

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, \J

.., 11. OU1At\.Ui11'1J •

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17~LYiiJ1u Paul H. Landis. Introductory Sociology (New York: Ronald Press, 1958), pp. 40-41. •

so 103 81

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18Paul B. Horton and Chester Hunt, Sociology {4th ed., Me. Graw Hill, 1980). p. 59, Sociology (Interna­

tional Student Edition, 5th ed., 1980), p. 69.

82

19Leonard Broom and Philip Selzntck, Sociology {5th ed., New York: Harper & Row, 1973), p. 75

20James W,V. Zanden, Sociology {4th ed., Wiley, 1979),•p. 67.

so 103

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21 Zanden. op. cit .. pp. 69-70.

22lvorld Almanac and Book of Facts 19&1. ed. by Dan Golal)paul (Newspaper Entetprise, 1983). pp. 197-200.

50103

11. L~D«1£Jit1mth~llrm 26 «1uflu (th~111m 11 %)

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so 103:

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so 103 85

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1959. rnvl4fLirH "Culture Area" .

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" .... 15.3 'UtliNlflfl I

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(post-industrial society)

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l"mu 'Vi1~ fit~

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~11"tttu.:::fl~1v i li'u 11111';l::Lilummmn~H'VI1mmmllf

so 103 89

/taros 06

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( -

16. 1fl'J,Uf'fHGUtl-.ll~l.l1i111J 27

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"1Jfl~11il1~1i113J ~1VIi'U111111rJ~flql1~1~~~'UHHf ~1~11 "cultural lag"

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2iH0rton and Hunt. op. cit .. p. 81.

so 103 91

•

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of culture persists beyond its period of usefulness, lagging behind other elements of culture with

which it was originally associated:')

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28Bie~anz. op. cit .. p. 69.

92

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29Broom and Selznick. op. cit.. p. 76

so 103 93

~ I I ~

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94

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' ' '

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so 103

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95