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A brief discussion of code

Fundamental rules for designLinear vs nonlinear responseA simple solution for periodA preliminary design exampleLimiting drift

An index to identify vulnerabilitA retrospective

Failure causes

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#eig$tliftin

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orce % &ass ' Acceleratio

Acceleration oug$t to berelated to t$e

pea( ground acceleration)*A

from +e,ton

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-o ,e see( t$e

maximum value of )*A

For t$at purpose,e go to -*-/

an experienced and,ledgable group of scient

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Distortion >>>>>>>

Shear 

Immediate

Occupation

Life protectionCollapse

 prevention

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lt$oug$ t$is information is a product o $e .-. *eological -urvey

#e provide no ,arranty expressed or implied

 t$e accuracy of t$e data contained $

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#$at is t$eirproduct7

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esign -pectrum-pectrum % ange

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it$ respect to 80 eman

t$ere are t$ree dominanescriptors of properties o

a building structure

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. Strength/Weight

. Stifness/Mass

. Limiting Drit

se Shear Strength Coe

Period

easure o toughness

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 ,o dominant goals for

structural design,nvestment.

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?1 o protect life

Floor and roof elevationsmust be preserved.

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 o protect life/

t$e main issue isdetail.

e solution is not in analysi

 $e solution is inxperience and experiment

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*oal ?2reservation of >nvestment

e distortion of t$e structumust be tolerable.

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o preserve t$e investmen $e solution re=uires

a minimum of analysis.

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21/52;uilding -@F

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2 4 6 ! 1 12

2

4

6

!

1

12

on!inear "esponse

Drit

#orce

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$

%$

%$

&$

&$

D'SPL(C)M)*+ MM

:urve in blue refers to a -@F ,it$ strengt$suBcient to remain ,it$in its limits of linear

response

:urve in red refers to a -@F $aving 1C of

strengt$

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A.AA

A.2A

A.4A

A.6A

A.!A

1.AA

1.2A'nitia! Period , 1/2 sec.

Strength/Strength "e-uired or Linear "esponse

Drit/Linear Drit

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.2 .4 .6 .! 1 1.2

.2

.4

.6

.!

1

1.2

Strength/Strength

cient to maintain !inear response

Drit "esponse/Linear "esponse

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,it$

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L)P() 100

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)lan 9ie, of -tory Frame

0uestionD EangG it on

l or Hust t$e exterior frame

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S(P

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S(P

$. sec

"esistanceassigned toour rames.

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S(P

$.0 sec.

) "esistanceassigned to toe4terior rames.

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S(P

$.5 secirder depth

'ncreased to 1 m.*o e4terior rames

6 d h De6ected Shape

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5 1 15 2 25

5

1

15

2

25

De6ected Shape

Drt mm

7eight

5 1 15 2 25 3 35

5

1

15

2

25

De6ected Shape

Drt mm

7eight

 , $.0 sec *, $. se

* , $ 5 sec

A 5A 1AA 15A 2AA 25A 3AAA

5

1A

15

2A

25

De6ected Shape

Drift

7eight

+orma -=uar C -t &ean

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Level rft liIe=ed F -t F rft F

.

5 1. 1. 31! 1.3C4.318J

1 1.2C

6.

53 ."3 .!6 255.!8J

1 1.6C

5.

4 .!2 .6! 2166.38J

1 1."C

4.

3" .6! .4 14"

.218J1

2.C

3

.

2! .4" .24 4.!48J

1 1.3C

2.

1 .3 ." 2!2.4!8J

1 .C

1.

6 .11 .1 4

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Level rft+ormali

Ie-=uare

d F-t

FC -trft

.4 1. 1. 256

3.8J1 1.C

6 .3 ."3 .!6 21"

4.4!8J1 1.2C

5 .33 .!3 .6! 144.!!8J

1 1.4C

4 .2! . .4" 1255.4"8J

1 1.5C3 .21 .53 .2! 1

4.358J1 1.2C

2 .13 .33 .11 2

2.38J1 .6C

+ormali -=uare -t C -t

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Level rft Ie=

d F F rft

.5 1. 1. 21"2."8J

1 .!C

6 .53 ."3 .!6 1"4.58J

1 1.1C

5 .4 .!2 .6! 14"4.648J

1 1.3C4 .3" .6! .4 13

4."8J1 1.4C

3 .2! .4" .24 53

3.348J1 ."C

2 .1 .3 ." 21.18J

1 .5C

1 .6 .11 .1 2

& - if 1 4C

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&ax. -tory rift % 1.4C

All four frames

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&ax. -tory rift % 2. C

 ,o frames

-t ift ti 1 5

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ax. -tory rift atio % 1.5

 ,o Frames

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(SC) 5 1$omina! period in sec.

 nominal%.466'$."

 nominal%.!5 sec.

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5 1 15 2 25

3

2

1

1

2

3

'nitia! Period $.8 sec.

L>+

+@+L>+

*ime+ sec.

Disp+ in.

2 4 6 ! 1 12

5

1

15

on!inear "esponse

Drit

#orce

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rength/Strength "e-uired or Linear "espon

!acement/Disp!acement or Linear "esponse

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. .1 .2 .3 .4 .5 .6 . .! ." 1.

.

.5

1.

1.5

Period 1 sec.

rength/Strength "e-uired or Linear "espon

isp!acement/Disp!acement or Linear "espon

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