halin report eng 2

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Contents

စာမကႏ�ႏာ

1. Introduction 2

2. Diary of Trip 3

3. Detailed Report of Field Trip to Halin. 6

2 . 4 . 2014

3 . 4 . 2014

4 . 4 . 2014

5 . 4 . 2014

6 . 4 . 2014

7 . 4 . 2014

4. Conclusion 19

5. Reference Books and Manuscripts 20

6. Appendices 21

Introduction

Recently, I have obtained a good opportunity to take part in a field trip to Halin Old Pyu city, sponsored by Archaeology Department , Yangon University, during the time of making arrangements for enlisting three Pyu cities – Beikthano, Halin and Srikrestra – on the UNESCO world heritage list.

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Pyu culture, the first civilization in Myanmar, was a high-standard one and it is noted that Halin city flourished during the periods of AD 4 th and 9th Centuries. As it is generally accepted by scholars, after Sriksetra had totally perished, Halin became the city of Pyus and it was also destroyed by fire around 832 BC. Despite the differing historic records, the structure of Halin could be seen more clearly by practical excavations and evidences of remains that have come out since 1905.

All the artifacts of Halin ranging from potsherds to foundations of the town are very interesting to archaeology students and, as a student of archaeology, I have also wished to study the city, especially in practical field work. As the evidences of stone inscriptions could reject the wrong concepts of the European scholars that Pyu culture had flourished only in the 5th Century AD, carbon dating suggested that Pyu culture had developed since the first century of the Christian Era.

Therefore, as a trainee of Archaeology who wished to know the detailed historical facts of Old Myanmar, I took part in facts-finding trip to Halin Old City region. At the same time, I am waiting for the announcement of enlisting our Pyu cities to the world heritage list of UNESCO in coming June.

Diary of Trip

1 April 2014

9.00 pm Started the trip by Shwe Mann Thu express .

12.00 am Dropped in 115 Miles, Yangon Mandalay Highway.

2 April 2014

6.00 am Arrived at Mandalay and continued the trip by the bus with U Kyaw Myo Sett and U Tin Htut Aung who had reached Mandalay in advance.

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7.30 am Rested in KyaSinHein Restaruant in Ohndaw Village, Shwebo - Monywa Road.

10.00 am Arrived at Halin and stayed in U Myint Soe Aung’s House.

4.00 pm Visited Halin Inscription Shed.

8.00 pm Professor Dr. U San Shwe gave an explanation of schedules of the following days and some instructions to abide by.

3 April 2014

6.00 am Visited HL 31, HL 10, HL 17, HL 18, HL 19, HL 11, HL 12, HL15, HL 13,HL9, HL34, HL 36 HL 5 in Halin Old City region with U Saw Naing Oo, U Myint Soe Aung and U Arkar Aye.

11.00 am Arrived back to lodging house.

1.20 pm Discussion the facts obtained from studying of the Moulds.

7.30 pm Discussion led by Professor Dr. U San Shwe

4 April 2014

6.00 am Studied in HL 20, HL 33, HL 22, HL 35, HL 32 and Tawyagu monastery.

11.00 am Arrived back to lodging house.

Took a rest because of strong winds.

1.20 pm Discussion regarding the facts of trips.

7.30 pm Read the article of Elizabeth Moore entitled “The Pyu Site of Halin, Upper Myanmar: bridge to China?” and made discussions led by Professor Dr. U San Shwe.

5 April 2014

6.00 am Took a study trip to HL 27, HL 24, HL 23, HL 21 in the area of Halin Old City

11.30 am Arrived back to lodging house after taking a 5.5 mile walk across the fields.

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3.30 pm Power Point Presentation of Burial Sites by Daw Tin Tin Win, Staff Officer, Archaeology Department at Halin Archaeological Meseum and made discussons led by Professor Dr. U San Shwe.

7.30 pm Appraisal of Professor Dr. U San Shwe

6 April 2014

6.00 am Went to HL 26, HL 25.

10.30 am U Aung Min demonstrated the practical recording of artifacts by drawing at the Halin Museum.

11.30 am Arrived back at lodging house

1.30 pm Visited 9 Palm Trees Monastery and paid homage to Sayadaw and made donations, studied the museum of U Naga and all trainees made the practical drawings of the artifacts under the supervision of Deputy Staff Officer U Aung Min.

7.30 pm Assistant Director U Saw Naing Oo explained the detailed arrangements and plans to enlist three Old Pyu Cities to the World Culture Heritage List, sponsored by UNESCO and trainees took part in discussions with Professor Dr.U San Shwe and supervising teachers.

7 April 2014

6.00 am Took a field walk to HL 29, HL 30 and studied the salt industry and the process of taking out sugar from sugarcane.

10.45 am Arrived back at lodging house.

1.30 pm Discussion the fruits of 6 days’ study .

7.30 pm Farewell Dinner

8 April 2014

10.30 zm Left Halin and visited the pagodas and stupas in Sagaing and Amapura , U Pein Bridge ,Maha Myatmuni Buddha Image and Mandalay Hill.

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9.30 pm Left for Yangon by Elite Express.

9 April 2014

6.00 am Reached Yangon .

Detailed Report of Field Trip to Halin

2 April 2014

Inscription Shed

Halin Inscription Shed was established in 1957 and modified in 1963 and 1968.There we can see 21 slabs found in Halin region and among them four inscriptions were written in Pyu. One can study the inscriptions in detail in the book of

volume 3 and 4 of ေႏရးေႏဟာငႏးႏ�မနမာေႏကာကစာမား by U Nyein Maung.

3 April 2014

HL – 31 ( Gateway )

It is situated more or less at the centre of the southern city wall east of HL - 5 and west of HL – 10.

GPS Location E 95 . 49’ 2.8”

N 22. 27’ 40.1”

The site was excavated from 5.6.2010 to 6.7.2010 by U Nyein Lwin and his team including U Saw Naing Oo.

It was a gateway where charred wood, pieces of Alloy, stone adze, iron nail, iron spearhead, potsherds, oil lamp, finger marked bricks and beads were found.

There were 8 Layers and Carbon dating was 70-25 CE, 1845 ±35 BP.

The evidences of charred wood indicate that the Halin city was burnt down by fire and this gateway might be rebuilt more than one time.

HL-10 ( Gateway )

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It is located on the southern city wall, 1237 yards from south east of city wall and 1100 yards form HL -19.


N 22. 27’ 75.4”

The site was excavated by U Myint Aung from 11.1.1965 to 30.11965 and conservation works carried out in 1993,2011-2012 and 2012-2013.

Earthen wares, clay oil lamps iron nails, stone slabs, charcoal and pieces terracotta sculpture were found and there are some prints of cart wheels.

Five layers were found and Carbon dating was 60 - 39 CE, 1818 ±65 BP.

HL – 17 ( Gateway )

It is located near the southeast corner of city wall, 80 yards from HL 18.


N 22. 27’ 82.5”

The site was excavated by U Myint Aung in 1965 by Grid system and conservation works carried out in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.

There were 6 skeleton remains and broken jade bangles found.

Four layers were found and Carbon dating was 120 - 430 CE, 1750 ± 65 BP.

HL – 18 ( City wall )

It is the southern corner of city wall.


N 22. 27’ 58.1”

The site was excavated by U Myint Aung from 16.12.1966 to 10.8.1967 by using long trench system and conservation works carried out in 1993 and 2011-2012 .

The related findings were beads, clay lamps and limestone sockets.

Three layers were also found and Carbon dating was 120-430 CE, 1750 ±65 BP

HL-19 ( Kalar Taik)

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It situated outside of the corner of city wall and 107 feet from the corner of the wall and 120 yards from HL-17.


N 22. 27’ 28.2”

The site was excavated by U Myint Aung from 16.12.1966 to 10.8.1967 and conservation works carried out in 1992-1993 and 2011-2012.

Related findings were 3 libation jars, clay lamp, beads, potsherds, earthen ornamental ear plug and pieces of plaster.

Three layers were found.

Formerly Mr. Taw Sein Kho excavated east pit and the building might belong to Bagan Period and it was a religious building or monastery.

HL-11 ( Gateway )

It situated on the eastern city wall.


N 22. 28’ 05.5”

The site was excavated by U Myint Aung from 19.11.1965 to 16.8.1966 and conservation works carried out in 1966-1967 and 2011-2012.

Iron socket for door and rims of storage jar were found.

The gate is 5 degrees deviated from the south and Northern arm is 50.6m and the southern arm has the length of 67m.

Four layers were found.

HL-12

It was a stupa-like building situated interior side of city wall and 90 feet from HL 11.


N 22. 28’ 03.3”

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The site was excavated by U Sein Maung Oo from 19.11.1965 to 16.2.1966 and conservation works carried out in 1992-1993 and 2011-2012.

Associated findings were 9 burial urns, yellowish brown gypsum seal with inscriptions (dayadanam).

Two layers were found.

HL-15 (Stupa like structure)

It is located inside the southeast part of the city, 444 yards from HL-9.


N 22. 28’ 25”

The site was excavated by U Myint Aung from 16.12.1966 to 16.10.8.1967 and conservation work was carried out in 1992-1993 and 2011-2012.

Earthen wares, 6 burial urns and human skeletons were found.

There were 3 layers in excavation.

HL-13 (Stupa type structure)

The location was interior side southeast part of city between southeast corner of palace and 300 yards form HL-11.

GPS Location E 95 . 21.3”

N 22. 18’ 16”

The site was excavated by U Myint Aung from 19.11.1965 to 16.2.1966 and conservation works carried out in 1992-1993, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.

Associated findings were beads and secondary burials and there were 2 layers.

HL-9 (Assembly Hall)

The site was interior side of southern outer palace wall 1155 yards north of HL-8 and 178 yards east from HL-6.


N 22. 28’ 21.4”

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The site was excavated by U Myint Aung from 11.1.1965 to 30.3.1965 and conservation work was carried out in 1992-1993,2011-2012and 2012-2013.

Carbon dating was 540 - 780 CE, 1369 ± 64 BP.

This hall had 84 charred wooden posts in 21 rows and 4 posts in each.

Associated findings were domestic utensils, potsherds and burnt wooden pillars.

Three layers were found.

HL-34

The site was excavated recently and the field report has not been outcome. There was brick Jelly among the brick layers and it can be assumed a reservior to supply water into the town. It was filled up after our study.

HL-36

It was also the last excavation and no report has come out yet.

HL-5 (Tomb)

The site was the southern part of city and north side of HL - 4. It was 440 yards away from northwest of HL -3 and 660 southwest of HL -2.


N 22. 28’ 07.5”

It was excavated by U Sein Maing Oo in 1963 fiscal year and the conservation work was carried out in 1993, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.

The associated findings were burial urns, stones and gravels.

There layers were found.

It might be a tomb or ritual structure.

HL- 3 (Fortfication)

It situated outer side of southern city wall, just near HL-4.


N 22. 27’ 59.7”

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The excavation was taken by U Sein Maung Oo in 1963-1964 and the conservation work carried out in 1993, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.

Beads, a coin and potsherds were found in three layers.

It is not likely to be residential accommodation according to associated findings and it might be used for defense.

4 April 2014

HL- 20 ( Stupa like structure )

The site was interior side of the southwest part of city and southeast side of Tawyagu and 1980 yards away from HL-5.


N 22. 27’ 52.5”

It was excavated by U Myint Aung including Dr. Than Tun and Archaeological students from 4.11.1995 to 11.11.1995.The conservation works carried out in 2011-2012.

There were three layers and associated findings were potsherds, 2 human skeletons and 8 burial urns.

The skeleton was found complete teeth with head and two arms put on the chest, dent occurs at the right temple that possibly cause of injury.

HL- 33 ( Gateway )

It located at the western wall of the city.

GPS Location E 95 . 48’

N 22. 28’

It was excavated by U Myint Soe Aung from 1.7.2001 to 20.9.2001 and conservation works were carried out in 2011-2012.

A coin, silver ring, iron arrowhead, iron weapon, iron pieces, ash, burnt pillars, earthen beads, marked bricks, potsherds with designs, broken pot, rim and bones were found in 5 layers.

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HL- 22 ( Religious building )

The location was 2300 feet west and 4020 feet south of 0 point and 2000 feet away from HL-33 and 1000 feet from HL-35.


N 22. 28’ 39.3”

It was excavated by U Paing Soe from 11.11.1998 to 31.1.1999 and the conservation works carried out in 2000-2001 and 2011-2012.

There were four layers and the associated findings were earthen wares, clay oil lamps, iron nails, stone slab, charcoal and pieces of terracotta sculpture.

There were also 27 stone pillars between the height of 5" and 3 feet. The idea of erecting pillars in a brick building suggests a Megalithic culture.

HL- 32 (Gateway)

The location was nearly center of the eastern city wall. There was a dam of Halin period called Kinpon-chon-eik on the west.


N 22. 28’ 35.8”

The excavation was made by U Nyein Lwin from 15.7.2010 to 4.9.2010 conservation was carried out in 2011-2012.

Associated findings were charred wood, iron pieces, spindle wheels, stone beads, oil lamps, potsherds and finger marked bricks.

Carbon dating was 80 - 320 CE, 1825 ± 30 BP.

There was a pile of stones in a chamber and it suggested intention of using those stones as weapons.

Nine layers were found.

5 April 2014

HL-27 (Enclosure wall)

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It location was the northern side of the city wall, east of HL-24.

GPS Location E 95 . 49’ 01”

N 22. 29’ 30”

It was excavated by U Myat Swe from 26.5.2008 to 6.7.2008 and conservation was taken in 2011-2012.

Potsherds, a broken iron fork, a broken clay pipe, human skeleton, finger marked bricks and bead were found in 2 layers.

The intention of building this enclosure was unknown yet.

HL-24 (Residential building)

It is located in northern part of the city and south part of HL-21.


N 22. 25’ 20.4”

The excavation was carried by U Paing Soe in 1998-1999 and conservation was in 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.

Associated findings were variety of bricks sizes, earthen wares, iron wares and stones.

According to the associated findings , the site can be assumed as a residential structure.

HL-23 (Residential building)

The Location was northern part of city and 330 feet south of HL-21.


N 22. 29’ 16.9”

The site was excavated by U Paing Soe from 11.11.1998 to 31.1.1999 and conservation works were carried out in 2000-2001, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.

The associated findings were earthen beads, small iron weapons, iron spear head and daggers, potsherds and finger marked bricks.

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It was a 22'-7" x 17' brick residential building.

HL- 21 (Gateway)

The location was 3600 feet west of 0 point and 605 feet south and situated northeast corner of city wall.

GPS Location E 95 . 48’ 48”

N 22. 29’ 27.2”

The site was excavated by U Paing Soe from 11.11.1998 to 31.1.1999 and conservation works were carried out in 2000-2001, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013.

The associated findings were pieces of charred, iron nails, potsherds and finger printed bricks in 3 layers.

Burnt woods and arrow heads were found and that meant this gateway might have collapsed by fire.

6 April 2014

HL-26 (Cementary)

It is situated in the south of the city just north of Shwe-gu-gyi pagoda.


N 22. 28’ 39.4”

The site was excavated by U Kyaw Kyaw from 23.3.2005 to 13.4.2005 and made a site museum of graveyard.

Associated findings were 8 human skeletons, earthen potteries, beads, polished stone tools and bronze rattles in 4 layers.

Cultural affiliation was unique burial practice of earlier phase in Pyu Ancient city.

The burial remains were in layers by layers and four successive layers can be dated between 5000 to 2000 years BP.

HL-25 (Cemetary)

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It is situated 700 yards south of Shwe-gu-gyi pagoda.


N 22. 27’ 52.5”

The site was excavated by U Kyaw Kyaw from 3.2.2005 to 27.3.2005.

The associated findings were 11 human skeletons including semi fossilize skeleton remains, earthen potteries, beads, stone tools and iron weapons in 4 layers.

Carbon dating is 1000-5000 BP.

According to the buried skeletons layer by layer varied in depth and the site might be used for burial successively .Studying the skeletons found from four successively layers could be dated between 5000 to 2000 years BP.

7 April 2014

HL-29 (Cementary)

It is located southern part of city , northern side of HL-4.


N 22. 27’ 46.1”

The site was excavated by U Myat Swe from 5.6.2009 to 11.7.2009.

Associated findings were earthen wares, bronze implements, stone beads, stone rings, human skeletons, animal bones, rings, sandstones, spindle wheels and seashells.

Estimated dating is late Bronze age according to findings.

It was an old graveyard and opened as a site museum in 2009.

HL-30 (Cementary)

It is located southern part of city wall and lay between HL 29 and HL-28.


N 22. 27’ 30.8”

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U Myat Swe excavated this site from 5.6.2009 to 11.7.2009 in cooperation with Historical Research Department.

The associated findings were human skeletons, earthen wares, iron implements, Neolithic stone tools, stone beads, rings, seashells, antler and gold plate in 6 layers.

Estimating dating is Neolithic period .

It was also an old graveyard and opened as a site museum in 2009.

Conclusion

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ငႏးအႀက�ေႏခတ ႏ�ႏငစနႏ,မ�ငႏးတငေႏခတတ ��႕%တင ယဥေႏကးမႈ%2နႏးကားလာခစပတ�႕က� ေႏလစလာၾကေရ

ပသည။ပဂေႏခတမသည မကေႏမာက ကာလအ2�သည သမ�ငႏးတငေႏခတႏ�ဖစေႏသာေႏၾကာငစနႏ,မ�ငႏးအခ

ကအ လကမား ေအတာႏအတနရ�ၿပးႏ�ဖစေႏပသည။သမ�ငႏး မတငမေႏခတမာမ အလမႏးေႏ၀း%လနႏးေႏေနသးသညစနႏအ

%တကလ ကရ�သမ�ငႏးတငေႏခတႏ�ႏငစနႏ=ကစပေႏနသညစႏ %ကငႏးဆကမား ရရ��ႏ�ငရနန,မ�ငႏးတငေႏခတဥးႏ�ဖစ,တြညစႏ ပယ

ဥေႏကးမႈက�ဥးစားေႏပးေႏဖာႏ��တရAခငႏးႏ�ဖစေႏပသည။

ဟနလငႏးပၿမ�ေ႕ဟာငႏး ေႏလစလာေႏရးခရးစဥအ%တငႏး ႏ�ပနလတြညေႏႏ�မဖ�႕2ားေႏသာကနႏးမားမလြလ၍

တးေႏဖာႏEပး၊ တး ေႏဖာႏ=ကနႏးမားအားလးအား က�ယေႏ%တမကႏ�မငေႏလစလာခြခငစႏရရ�ခစရာ ဟနလငႏးသား

တ�႕၏ ဗ�သကာ အတတက %Iမႏးကငမႈ က� ဥးခြစာသတ�ႏ�ပခစမ�ပါသည။ေအဆာကအ ဥတ�႕၏ ပ�ၷကပ�စမား�ႏငစႏ ၾ

%ကငႏးကနရစေႏသးေႏသာ တစစ�တတ စပ��ငႏးေႏသာ ၿမ�႕ရ� းမား၊ေႏရ%သငႏးစနစစအတြ%တကစမေႏဆာငရြငရက� ားသညစႏ တမ

မား၊ၿမ�႕၀ငေႏပါကမားက�ၾကညစႏႏ�ခငႏးႏ�ဖငစႏ ပတ�႕၏ ဗ�သကာ လကရာမားက�ေႏ%တ႕ရ��ႏ�ငေႏပသည။

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ပတးေႏစစမား၊ ဒဇ�ငႏးပမားပါေႏသာ အ�းလြကစမား၊ဒဂၤႏါးႏ�ပားမား၊အရ� းအ�းမား၊အဆငတနန=ာေႏကာကကြကက ငႏး

မား၊ ေႏႏ�မမး ဖတပစၥညႏးမား၊အ�းမားက�ႏ�မငရရ �ႏငစႏ ဟနလငႏးေႏဒသမ ပလမ�းတ�႕၏အ�ႏပညာက�မနႏးဆ�ႏ�

ငေႏလရာပယဥေႏကးမႈသည အဆငစနႏအတနႏးႏ�ဖငစႏေႏသာ ယဥေႏကးမႈတစရပႏ�ဖစေႏၾကာငႏး ခ�ငမာခြစာေႏ

ကာကခကခ�ႏ�ငေႏပသည။

ေႏရးေႏဟာငႏးၿမ�႕�ပမားပကစးတ�မႏ�မပရစAခငႏးမာသဘာေ၀ဘးအ�ႏWရာယေႏဘး၊စစမကေႏဘး၊

တ�ေ႕ၾကာငစႏႏ�ဖစႏ�ႏ�တြင,ကစ သ�ေ႕န2�ငရတြပတညရနခကခမႈေႏၾကာငစႏEမ�ေ႕နလမားခြစန႕လႊကကြတ� ကခြကခါႏ�ခငႏးလ

ညႏးႏ�ဖစႏ�ႏ�ငေႏပသည။ဟနလငႏးၿမ�႕�ပသည ကား မးေႏလာငပကစးခစသညဟ�ဆ�ၾေကသာႏလညႏးဆကလ ကေႏလစ

လာ တးေႏဖာႏစရာမား မားခြစာကနရ�ေႏနပါေႏသးသည။

ေႏရးယခငက ဟနလငႏးၿမ�ေ႕တာႏ,ည စတဂပရ�ခစသညဟ� လကခ2ားခစၾေကသာႏလညႏး ေႏနာက= �းေႏလစလာ

ဆနႏးစစခကမားအရမားအေရ2ာငစႏမနစတဂပႏ�ဖစႏ�ႏ�ငေႏၾကာငႏးက�ေႏကာငႏးကငဓာတပ��ႏငစႏပ2၀၀င=�တြ�ငရာသေႏ

တသန ႏ�ပ ခကတ ��႕က အဆ�ႏ�ပေႏဖာႏ��တ� ား�ႏ�ငခၿပႏ�ဖစပါသည။မညသ��႕ပငႏ�ဖစေႏစ ပတ�႕၏ယဥေႏကးမႈက�

ခ�ငမာသညထကခ��ငမာ ေႏအာငေႏဖာႏ��တႏ�ႏ�ငရနနအတြ%တက ဟနလငႏးအပါအ၀ငပၿမ�႕မားအား ဆကလ ကတ းေႏဖာႏေႏလစ

လာေႏနရဥးမညသာ ႏ�ဖစပါ သည။

Reference Books and manuscripts

၁၊ ဥးႏ�မငစႏေႏအာင ပါ ၄ ဥး ေႏရးေႏဟာငႏးႏ�မနမာၿမ�ေ႕တာႏမား( တတ�ယအၾက�မ) ၊ ရာႏ�ပညစႏစာ

အတြပတ�တြ�က၊၂၀၀၇

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၂၊ ေႏဒါကတ ာသနႏး%2နႏး ပေႏ%တဘယေႏပာကကြက, ားလ (ပ2မအႀက�မ)၊သရ�ေႏ%ဆစာအတြပတ�တြ�က၊

၂၀၀၆

၃၊ ယဥေႏကးမႈ၀နႀကးဌာန ဟနလငႏးၿမ�ေ႕ဟာငႏးတးေႏဖာႏမႈ အစရငခစာမား

၄၊ ယဥေႏကးမႈ၀နႀကးဌာန ကမၻာစယဥေႏကးမႈေအခြမအ�ႏစပါ၀ငေႏရးစမခန႕ခြခမႈလပငနႏး(ဟနလငႏး)

တးေႏဖာႏ,�ေႏတသနလပငနႏးေႏဆာငရြငရကခက အစရငခစာမား

၅၊ %ကငႏးဆငႏးမတတ မႏး၊ ဓာတပ�မား�ႏငစႏ ရငႏးလငႏးေႏႏ�ပာၾကားခကမား

၆၊ Moore H. Elizabeth The Pyu site of Halin, Upper Myanmar: Bridge to China

၇၊ Ministry of Culture Inventory of Excavated Sites at Halin

၈၊ The Stone Inscription shed of Halin

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The Curved Entrance of HL-10

Foundation of HL-13

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Pottery found in Halin

Potteries in a Burial site

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A stone ring of Halin , displayed in U Naga Museum

A stone ring with a human skeleton remain

General Review on Excavation of Halin

Sr Excavate North East Classification of Former Recorde Remark

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.d Mound

No.Latitude

s Longitude

s

Unearthed Structures

Excavator

d by/GIS Record

Dates

Former Now

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 HL 1 22° 28' 22.1"

95° 49' 00.7"

Brick wall lost U Sein Maung Oo

U Nyein Lwin,(A.D),

U Myint Than,

(Curator)

Shwebo 26-3-09

2 HL 2 22° 28' 14.7"

95° 48' 52.4"

Brick wall lost U Sein Maung Oo

26-3-09

3 HL 3 22° 27' 36.4"

95° 48' 50.7"

Brick wall Former Drawing is different

from ground

U Sein Maung Oo

26-3-09

4 HL 4 22° 27' 37.7"

95° 48' 50.7"

City wall Concerning with Mg Lu

tank

U Sein Maung Oo

26-3-09

5 HL5 22° 27' 58.5"

95° 48' 46.8"

Structure Former Drawing Plan is

different from

Ground Structure

U Sein Maung Oo

26-3-09

22

6 HL 6 22° 28' 12.7"

95° 48' 55.4"

Brick Wall

lost U Sein Maung Oo

26-3-09

7 HL 7 22° 28' 23.0 "

95° 49' 50.7"

Brick Wall

lost U Sein Maung Oo

26-3-09

8 H L 8 22° 27' 38.5"

95° 48' 50.7"

Near northern city wall

lost U Myint Aung

26-3-09

9 HL 9 22° 28' 12.9"

95° 48' 50.7"

Public Hall

? U Myint Aung

U Nyein Lwin, AD, U Myint

Than, Curator

Shwebo 26-3-09

10 HL 10 22° 27' 45.2"

95° 49' 50.7"

City gate (South)

? U Myint Aung

20.3.2009

11 HL 11 22° 28' 03.3"

95° 49' 50.7"

East ? U Myint Aung

20.3.2009

12 HL 12 22° 28' 12.0"

95° 49' 50.7"

Brick Structure

? U Myint Aung

20.3.2009

13 HL 13 22° 28' 09.6"

95° 49' 50.7"

Brick Structure

? U Myint Aung

20.3.2009

14 HL 14 22° 27' 24.0"

95° 50' 50.7"

East of old water

gate, Nagayon

e tank

? U Myint Aung

20.3.2009

15 HL 14W 22° 27' 23.7"

95° 49' 50.7"

West of old water

gate,

- U Myint Aung

-

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Nagayone tank

16 HL 15 22° 27' 56.8"

95° 49' 50.7"

Brick Structure

- U Myint Aung

24.3.2009

17 HL 16 22° 28'17.4 "

95° 49' 50.7"

Brick Structure

losts U Myint Aung

24.3.2009

18 HL 17 22° 27' 49.5"

95° 49' 50.7"

Southern City gate/ skeletan remains

? U Myint Aung

21.3.2009

19 HL 18 22° 27' 51.0"

95° 49' 50.7"

South east

corner of city wall and brick structure

? U Myint Aung

21.3.2009

20 HL 19 22° 27' 49.3"

95° 49' 50.7"

Brick structure

lost U Myint Aung

21.3.2009

21 HL 20 22° 27' 52.6"

95° 48' 50.7"

Brick structure

? U Paing Soe

21.3.2009

22 HL 21 22° 29' 16.3"

95° 48' 50.7"

Northern City gate

? U Paing Soe


Than, Curator

Shwebo 24.3.2009

23 HL 22 22° 28' 39.3"

95° 48' 39.3"

brick structure

with stone

? U Paing Soe

24.3.2009

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pillar

24 HL 23 22° 29' 10.1"

95° 48' 28.2"

Brick structure

- U Paing Soe

24.3.2009

25 HL 24 22° 29' 12.2"

95° 48.639' Brick structure

- U Kyaw Kyaw

24.3.2009

26 HL 25 22° 27' 26.5"

95° 49.152' - - U Kyaw Kyaw

-

27 HL 26 22° 27' 17.5"

95° 49.405' - - U Myat Swe

-

28 HL 27-A 22° 29' 15.8"

95° 48' 50.6"

- ? U Nyein Lwin

21.3.2009

29 HL 27-B 22° 25' 14.2"

95° 48' 48.9"

- ? U Myat Swe

21.3.2009 -

28.9.2009

30 HL 28 22° 27' 27.7"

95° 47' 58.9"

- U Myat Swe

16.12.2009

31 HL 29 22° 27' 18.5"

95° 48' 23.2"

Bronze age

U Myat Swe

16.12.2009

32 HL 30 22° 27' 23.1"

95° 48' 19.6"

Lower Neolithic

? U Myat Swe

16.12.2009

33 HL NEC 22° 29' 36.4"

95° 49' 07.0"

South east

corner of city wall

? U Myat Swe

16.12.2009

34 HL NWC 22° 29' 12.1"

95° 48' 19.4"

North west

corner of city wall

- U Myat Swe

16.12.2009

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35 HL SWC 22° 28' 35.8"

95° 48' 26.8"

South west

corner of city wall

- U Myat Swe


Than, Curator

Shwebo 16.12.200

9

36 HL 31 22° 27' 36.4"

95° 49' 02.8"

Southern city gate

- 29.4.2010

37 HL 32 22° 27' 36.4"

95° 49' 20.1"

Eastern city gate

- 29.4.2010

Table of Sites, Classifications and Finding Objects

Site No. Classification Finding objects

HL-1 Palace wall -Brick wall length 120ft with 2 or 3 courses of bricks.

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-Stone beads, Pyu coins, bronze rattles, stone weapons and potshards.

HL-2 Palace wall -2 brick walls aligned from north to south.East wall is length 129ft 6inch and breadth 4ft 2inch to4ft 6inch with 2 courses bricks. West wall is length 117ft 3inch and breadth 8ft 7inch to 9ft 3inch with 3 to 9 courses brick wall.- Bronze rattle, terracotta beads and potshards.

HL-3 Town wall -Brick wall is length 105ft (E-W) with 32 courses bricks at north side, 15 courses bricks at southern face, 19 courses bricks at middle of wall with two arms intact.-2 beads and a coin.

HL-4 Town wall -Found a brick wall with breadth 29ft 6inch.25 courses of bricks wall in northern face.21 courses of bricks wall in southern face.

HL-5 Funeral home -Almost a square shape brick building (E-W 44ft and N-S 43ft 3inch). Width of wall is about 4ft, height is 5ft 1inch and 12 courses of bricks. Eastern wall intact a rectangle platform to east with two walls. Southern wall is length 20ft 6inch and breadth 5ft and northern wall is length 22ft and breadth 3ft 4 inch.5 burial potteries excavated from outside of main building.

HL-6 Palace wall -1 brick wall is length 144ft 3 inch, breadth 4ft 9 inch and height 6 to

10 ft with 3 to 5 courses of bricks.

HL-7 Palace wall -1 brick wall is length 132ft and breadth is 6inch.-Various kinds of potshards, earthen beads, stone beads, Pyu coins, iron implements, stone weapons, and bones.

HL-8 Funeral home -3 brick platforms and one brick wall.West platform is length 18ft 10inch, breadth 18ft 3inch and height 2ft 4 inch with 8 courses of bricks. Formless platform is length 23ft 4inch, breadth 18ft 7 inch with 9 courses of bricks. One brick wall is length 11ft 4inch, breadth 4ft 6inch with 4 courses of bricks.-Animal bones, burial pottery, various kinds of iron weapons, beads, Pyu coins, bronze mirrors and personal ornaments made by gold.

HL-9 Foundation of building (assembly hall)

-A rectangular shape building foundation, length 120ft and breadth is 38ft. 58 wooden pillars lower parts burnt by fire. Ashes layers about 3inch.East brick wall is not aligned from north to south, 19’ 56” inclined to west.

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HL-10 Town gate (south)

-Width 17ft flanked by 2 arms.East arm length is 252ft, breadth is 14ft with 14 courses of bricks and west arm length is 272ft, breadth is 16ft 9 inch with 12 courses of bricks. Gate direction is deviated 9 degree from south to east.-Some of funeral urns and human bones.-Ashes, charcoals, fragments of irons excavated from No-2 layer.

HL-11 Town gate (East)

-Width 17ft flanked by 2 arms.North arm is 166ft and south arm is 220ft. Gate direction is deviated 5 degree from east to south.-Ashes, charcoals, fragments of irons.

HL-12 Funeral home -Un-arrangement of brick mounds.-9 burial potteries excavated from outside the wall,-1 skeleton, head direction is to eastward excavated from east wall foundation and 3 bones from west wall-1 stone seal with Dayadanam inscription made by soap stone excavated from No 1 layer. 2 human skulls from NW corner of outside the west wall.

HL-13 Funeral home -A brick wall as almost circle shape with 18ft diameter. Centre has 5 courses of bricks. Side brick walls are in length 30ft and breadth 3ft by 18 courses of bricks. Southern railing is length 14ft and breadth is 3ft.-Found 2 human skulls and bones.

HL-14 Brick embankment(Nagayon tank)

-Built by double retaining wall,Northern wall is breadth 13ft with 30 courses of bricks,Southern wall is breadth 9ft with 12 courses of bricks.-Found some of potshards and some mollusc.

HL-15 Funeral home -A square shape building, each wall length is 29ft 11 inch and breadth is 3ft with 12 courses of bricks.-Another brick wall is length 8ft and breadth 2ft with 2 courses of bricks.-6 burial potteries and one skeleton.

HL-16 Funeral home -In zone A, one brick wall align from SE to NW(length 29ft 6 inch and breadth 6ft with 2 courses of bricks)-In zone D, same wall of zone A.-In zone B, a small building including with 2 rooms

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(long wall length is 21ft 9 inch and short wall is 10ft 9 inch). These two walls with 2 or 3 courses of bricks.-In zone C, right angle wall built by brick(long wall is 106ft and short wall is 43ft,breadth is 6ft)-Some potshards, beads and human bones and skulls.

HL-17 Town gate(Southeast)

-Width 17ft flanked by 2 arms.East arm length is 191ft and breadth is 16ft 10 inch with 18courses of bricks. West arm is length 183ft and breadth is 16ft 10inch with 11 courses of bricks.-Ashes, charcoals and fragment of bricks and iron implements.6 human skeletons, one or two skeletons buried with bronze knives. Funeral urns with human bones.

HL-18 Town wall -Corner of town wall (almost rounded shape) breadth of fortification is 16ft. A small room laid inner side of corner wall is as a guard room length is 15ft and breadth is 14ft 6inch. Southeast part of city wall excavated only 8 courses of bricks.

HL-19 A religious building (or) a monastery

-A rectangular plan building with two rooms. The wall of this building is width 3ft 6inch with 12 courses of bricks. At the centre of this wall, three brick ladders are at north and southeast sides.-A rectangular building is near the west wall, 38ft length, 28ft breadth with 22 courses of bricks and average width of this wall is 5ft.-Found moulds and decorated with scroll works, floral motifs in stucco.

HL-20 Funeral home -Found an almost square tomb, length of north and east walls are 27ft and west and south walls are 26ft 6 inch. Found two arms parallel from west wall and east arm is 14ft length and 4ft breadth and west arm is nearly 13ft length and breadth is 4ft. At pit no-2, one human skeleton and hand in cross position put on the chest. Face is almost turn to left side and burial direction of head is to westward. At pit no-3, found one of child skeleton and head direction is to eastward.

HL-21 Town gate(northwest)

-It is a town gate face toward to NW. Length of is 167ft and width is 17ft.-Fragments of bricks, charcoals and iron implements are found.

HL-22 Megalithic monument(or) religious building

-A brick building with a square plan with 42 ft each way. Stone slabs are found in this building. Average slabs height is between 3 to 5 ft and width between 1 to 6 inches. Human face sculpture made by terracotta.

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-A mamma with nipple made by terracotta.-Small oil lamps.

HL-23 Residential building

-A rectangular shape building with length is 22ft and breadth is 17ft with 6 courses of bricks. North and south two brick walls are 10 degrees inclined from north to east.-8 earthen beads, one small weapon assumed knife and some potshards.

HL-24 Residential building

-A rectangular shape building, length 30ft, breadth 24ft and width 3ft 6 inch. The brick walls of this building are 10 degrees inclined from north to east. 1 funeral urn, 2 shards, 3 iron nails and some potshards.

HL-25 Funeral home -5 skeletons with various potteries and situated in different layers. All of the direction of skeletons head to north direction. Now Department of Archaeology maintained under the good building.

HL-26 Funeral home -11 skeletons excavated with various sizes and kinds of potteries, earthen wears situated in different layers. All of the direction of skeletons head to north direction. Now Department of Archaeology maintained under the good one story building.

HL-27 Unknown(Incomplet-e excavation)

-Only brick wall and north-east corner of brick wall have two layers. The width of the wall is about between 3 to4 ft. All of the wall is inclined and damage to outside, assumed that destroyed by fire.-The length of the walls are not equal, so it is not rectangular shape.-most of the brick sizes are 18”-9”-3” and 2 or 3 finger marks are found on the bricks. Now only excavated 4 or 5 courses of bricks. Uncountable potshards are found in there.

HL-28 Burial site(Incomplet-e excavation)

-situated Lat 22’27.3”N, Long 95’47.5”E and outside of the city wall. It lie southwest direction about 1800 yards from west of city wall.-The feature of the mound is about 6ft height from ground level.-This site excavation by grid system and intentional to have documents of bronze and iron age cultures.-37 skeletons, 140 earthen wears, 10 weapons by iron, 1 weapon by bronze, 4 bronze coils, 18 stone beads, 300 small bone beads, 32 bone rings, 2 polished stones and 3 mollusks shells are found in different layers. All of the head direction of skeletons toward north.

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HL-29 Burial site(Incomplet-e excavation)

-situated Lat 22’27.5”N, Long 95’48.4”E and it assumed that bronze age burial site. This site excavation started on 25th June 09. Total 15 pits excavated in this site and using grid method.-skeletons, various sizes and kinds of potteries, earthen wears, stone rings, various kinds of beads, spear head and axe by bronze, animal jaw are found in different layers of the ground with skeletons. All head direction of skeletons toward north.

halin report eng 2

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