hamo yamazaki*yamazaki haruo(1992) tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of...

55
Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,vo1.43(10),p.603-657,1992 Teet健ies o£泓:P且鵬e Co且且量si磁我且磯g臨e N鯉翫er恥M蹴g o餌躍:P輔鵬櫨我,Ce醜ra盈」脚蹴 Hamo YAMAzAKI* YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision al margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab. Aわstr&ct二The northem tip of the oceanic Philippine Sea p generally thought to have been colliding with the continen (EUR)at the northem margin ofIzu Peninsula(lzu Borderland), Intense Quatemary crustal movement,such as active faultin rate and rapid uplifting or subsiding,occurs along this inlan Although this crustal movement seems to have close relat convergence of the plates,the regional diversity of the te boundary has not yet been studied so well as to reveal their c the framework of plate tectonics. To clarify the significance of these regional Quatemary author described the faulting and related geological history three subdivisions ofthe Izu Borderland:1)the areato tゑenort 2)the area along the southem margin of Tanzawa Mts.and3)A Oiso Hills areas。Withrespectto evaluating ofthe tectonics attention was paid not only to the relative slip-rate of each act the previous works,but also to the absolute movement of each active faults. Many features associated with Quatemary tectonics in Izu Borderland were revealed.The Quatemary system in the classified into basin-fill type deposits (1a and lb) and non-basi and2b)according to their thickness,1ithofacies and tec study of the tectonic evolution in the Izu Borderland rev features,i.e.1)subsiding basins gradually turned into uplifti faulting and subsiding migrated systematically towards Iz theQuatemaryperiod.Acircularevolutionofth Borderland was concluded from these geological and tec process of this tectonic evolution is very similar to the grow prism which is formed along the trench axis at the foot of c associated with the plate subduction. The Quatemary tectonics in most part of the Izu Borderl controlled not by a uniform plate collision but by buoyant s P:HS under the EUR resulting in the development of the accr land,On the other hand,intense regional uplift occurred alon margin of Tanzawa Mts.since the Middle Pleistocene wit *Seismotectonic Research Sect圭on,Dept. Geology,Geological Survey of Japan。 Environmenta1 Keywor(is:seismotectonics,plate collisio ary,Philippine Sea Plate,Quatemary te fault,South Fossa Magna,accretionary pri thrust. 一603一

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Page 1: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,vo1.43(10),p.603-657,1992

Teet健ies o£泓:P且鵬e Co且且量si磁我且磯g臨e N鯉翫er恥M蹴g且醜

                o餌躍:P輔鵬櫨我,Ce醜ra盈」脚蹴

Hamo YAMAzAKI*

YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem

     margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1.

     43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

Aわstr&ct二The northem tip of the oceanic Philippine Sea plate (PHS)is

generally thought to have been colliding with the continental Eurasian plate

(EUR)at the northem margin ofIzu Peninsula(lzu Borderland),central Japan.

Intense Quatemary crustal movement,such as active faulting with high slip-

rate and rapid uplifting or subsiding,occurs along this inland plate boundary.

Although this crustal movement seems to have close relationship with the

convergence of the plates,the regional diversity of the tectonics along the

boundary has not yet been studied so well as to reveal their characteristics in

the framework of plate tectonics.

     To clarify the significance of these regional Quatemary tectonics,the

author described the faulting and related geological history in the following

three subdivisions ofthe Izu Borderland:1)the areato tゑenorth ofSuruga Bay,

2)the area along the southem margin of Tanzawa Mts.and3)Ashigara Plain-

Oiso Hills areas。Withrespectto evaluating ofthe tectonics in eacharea,much

attention was paid not only to the relative slip-rate of each active fault used in

the previous works,but also to the absolute movement of each block divided by

active faults.

     Many features associated with Quatemary tectonics in and around the

Izu Borderland were revealed.The Quatemary system in the studied area is

classified into basin-fill type deposits (1a and lb) and non-basin-fill type (2a

and2b)according to their thickness,1ithofacies and tectonic features.The

study of the tectonic evolution in the Izu Borderland revealed two common

features,i.e.1)subsiding basins gradually turned into uplifting areas,2)active

faulting and subsiding migrated systematically towards Izu Peninsula through

theQuatemaryperiod.AcircularevolutionofthetectonicsintheIzuBorderland was concluded from these geological and tectonic features.The

process of this tectonic evolution is very similar to the growth of accretionary

prism which is formed along the trench axis at the foot of continental slope

associated with the plate subduction.

     The Quatemary tectonics in most part of the Izu Borderland has been

controlled not by a uniform plate collision but by buoyant subduction of the

P:HS under the EUR resulting in the development of the accretionary prism on

land,On the other hand,intense regional uplift occurred along the southwestem

margin of Tanzawa Mts.since the Middle Pleistocene with no conspicuous

*Seismotectonic Research Sect圭on,Dept.

Geology,Geological Survey of Japan。

Environmenta1 Keywor(is:seismotectonics,plate collision,plate bound-

ary,Philippine Sea Plate,Quatemary tectonics,active

fault,South Fossa Magna,accretionary prism,imbricated

thrust.

一603一

Page 2: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

B%ll6渉」% ρプ 云h6 (36010916αl Sz67z76:y (~プノ41)ごz%, Viol.43,ノ〉io.ヱ0

migration of faults and subsiding area.This feature is interpreted as a

transformation of the formerly existing subduction to present-day collision.

Many active faults with short length and high slip-rate around the Izu

Borderland are interpreted as imbricated thrusts in the accretionary prism.

Hence,the active faults inthe plateboundary zone cannot be placed on the same

level with the active faults in other inland regions.

1.INTR()DUCT亘ON

 1.l Prob亙emset撫gsa翻聖腿r脚sesO量     t恥量sst磁y

 The oceanic Philippine Sea plate(PHS)is

underthrusting northwestwar(i beneath the

Eurasian plate(EUR)along Nankai trough

off Southwest Japan.The direction of this

plate boun(lary tums toward north on the

west of Izu Peninsula and extends from Sum・

ga trough through the subaerial region on

the northern bor(1er of Izu Peninsula (Izu

Borderland)to Sagami trough(Sugimura,19721Fig.1).These areas constitute a part

of the major tectonic province calle(i the

South Fossa Magna that comprises thick

accumulation of Neogene sediments and vo1-

canics.These rocks are strongly shortened

and a northward curving fo1(i zone is formed

along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula

(Matsuda,1962).This structure has been

caused by repeated subduction of the buoyant

Izu-Ogasawara arc including Izu Peninsula,

the volcanic arc in the eastem margin of the

PHS,beneath the EUR (Sugimura,19721Matsuda,1978).

  On the other hand,many active faults with

high slip-rate occur in the Izu Borderland as

a result of strong shortening (Yamazaki,

1979)。Th“term active fault denotes a fault

having evidences of repeated fault move-

ments in the present tectonic stress臼:field an(1

1iable to be activated in the future.The

author thinks that the active faults constitute

a major basic element of the Quatemary

tectonics in Japan, and configurations of

active faults,their activity an(i history of

faulting represent the actual con(1ition an(i

evolution of tectonic setting in this region.

The intense activity an(i the strikes of these

faults suggest that the fault movements have

close relation to the plate convergence

betweenthe PHS andtheEUR plates(Yama-

zaki,1984)。However,nothing is definite on

the implication and role of each active fault

in the setting of plate tectonics.Therefore,

this paper first describes the history of fault-

ing and of related crustal movement in the

following three areas along the subaerial

Plate convergence boundary:1) the area to

the north of Sumga Bay inclu(1ing the south-

westem foot of Mt.Fuji,2)the southem end

of the Tanzawa Mts.,3)Oiso Hills and

Ashigara Plain area.As Izu block is migrat-

ing to the northwest,each area seems to show

the various tectonic histories to correspond

to the (iirection of convergence boundary.

Then,based on these data,the author dis-

cusses the relationship between each active

faults and plate tectonics through the com-

parison  of the local tectonic evolution.

Figure2is the index map of locality name

used in this paper.

  1.2 Sig聾量f量cance &聾雌 {e我t甑re o£ 意擬宜s

     s重掘y

  The stu(1y areas include the inferred

hypocentral region of Sumga Bay for the

future great Tokai earthquake (lshibashi,

1981),and Sagami Bay for the west Kanag-

awa earthquake(lshibashi,1988a,b).Study

on the implication of active fault in the set-

ting of plate tectonics will contribute to the

progress of the effective earthquake predic-

tion that was proposed by Ishibashi(1978).

  The investigated area has a unique tectonic

feature:the convergence boun(iary at the

northem margin ofthe PHS crosses an island

arc system continuing from Northeast Japan

arc to Izu-Ogasawara arc,and the intersec一

一604一

Page 3: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

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調

欝 φ、

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  Nagoya

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 Suruga /Troug/

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Northemmarginof

 量

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姻Sa9

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一32。

PHS 戸Oo

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0    100kmo

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 0、、ぴ 亀138。 140。 140

T60渉o多z乞6s 召lo%9 云h6 %07≠h6刀zηzα怨」% (ゾノ2%P6%乞%s%乙ごz侃 yとz盟zごz忽zた∂

               【

Fig.1 Plate tectonic setting around Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Arrows show the direction of

   motion of the Pacific and Philippine Sea plate relative to the Eurasian plate.Filled

   circles indicate the Quaternary volcanoes.Bold lines represent the plate convergence

   boun(iary.

   PAC:Pacific plate,PHS:Philippine Sea plate,EVR:Eurasian plate,MTL:Median

   Tectonic Line,

一605一

Page 4: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

Bz6116オ勿z (~ブ 渉h6 G6010gJ66zl Sz67四6ッ (~プノψごz%, Viol』43フ.〈流o。10

Yκ一/づ多ぢン//

  }

 〆

M

1\

   /、./哲

  Σ

雇     ノ   Fuji     !  。/  SWfoot

酬’

             volcano

麗熈麟Fuji1蹟・x茎圭)H。miya!Aミhitaka・

馨聡F、j 熱F      %    Area to、the north

     of Suruga Bay

SurugaBay

穐nz鴨/         Matsuda

1 

1い  i l N

    lzu Pen唾n.

    (IZ曲IOCさ)

σ

Sagami

0

Bay

嘔Okm

Fig.2 Index map showing the geographical names in and around the study area.Bold-solid,

bold-broken and fine.solid lines show the active faults,major geological faults and

outline of the Quatemary volcanoes.Ha:Habuna Hi11s,Ho:Hoshiyama Hills.

tion part emerges in the subaerial area to the

north of Izu Peninsula.As most of the con-

vergence boundaries exist in the deep sea

bottom such as trenches or troughs,the geo-

10gical information is less reliable than that

of in the subaerial area. Therefore the

detaile(i (1ata on geological history  and

tectonics of study area will provide the

world’s best analogue for the tectonic

evolution of the submarine plate boundary.

 In order to obtain the detailed information

on the Quaternary geology and faulting in the

study  area, this paper introduces the

following new i(iea. Previous stu(iies on

active faults have used the long-term slip-rate

to evaluate their activity.This rate means

the average rate of the relative slip of two

blocks bounded by :fault and indicates the

1 Fault scarp

Fig.3

2 3

Relationship between the formation of the

fault scarp or tectonic landform and absolute

crustal movement of each block divided by a

fault.Arrows indicate the direction and rate

of tectonic block.Dotted parts represent the

fill sediments.

BLE:Base level of erosion

一606一

Page 5: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

7セo渉o%乞os αlo%9 オh6 多zoπh6ηz 解zごz響1π (ゾZ2z6P62zづ%s%1ごz侭. hz盟z召zσ為の

rate of crustal strain accumulated around the

fault.The author,however,argues that the

long-term slip-rate is not always adequate to

interpret the evolution of tectonic landforms.

For instance,as shown in Fig.3,the tectonic

lan(iform caused by dip-slip faulting greatly

varies with the motion of individual block

bounded by fault toward the base level of

erosion。 If a faulting occurs in the subsiding

area,most of the fault.topography wou1(1

soon be buried by basin fill se(1iments.The

absolute rate of uplifting or subsiding on each

faulted block seems to be a more important

factor in the formation of tectonic landforms

than the long-term slip-rate of the fault.

Furthermore,the absolute crustal movement

is fmdamentally significant for the study of

tectonic evolution in the plate convergence

region where the behavior of cmst changes

from subsiding to uplifting in a short period.

Therefore,to recoustruct the fault evolution,

the author examines not only the relative

displacement of fault,but also the absolute

crustal movement(1e(1uced fromthe elevation

of faulted surfaces, the thickness of the

Quatemary sediments,their ages andpaleoenvironment and so on.

2.PREVIOUS WORKS

 2.1  St聡岨y o箪act置ve f我眠亙ts亘聾a盟〔丑aro魍nd

     IZ聰Pe】臣且恥S聰且a,

 In1920’s and1930’s,several investigations

carried out in South Kanto an(l Izu Peninsula

on crustal deformations associated with the

great Kanto earthquake of 1923 and the

Kita-lzu e&rthquake of1930.These surveys

depicted the outline of major active faults in

these regions such astheKozu-Matsuda fault

and the Kita-lzu fault system. Yamasaki

(1926)and Otuka(1929,1930)estimated the

existence of Kozu-Matsuda fault from a

prominent straight scarp between the Oiso

Hills and Ashigara Plain,and(iiscussed the

Quaternary tectonics in these areas.Although existence of the Tanna fault,a part

of northern portion of the Kita-Izu faults

system,had been known by the geologica1

survey for a tunnel construction before1930,

investigations to trace the earth(luake faults

of1930by Ihara&Ishii(1932),Otuka(1933)

and others revealed the cumulative tectonic

features along the fault system.Particularly,

Kuno(1936)pointed out that the Tanna fault

had l km of total left-1αteral displacement

based on the length of valley offset and the

distance of separated same lava flow.

  In the late 19307s to early 1940’s, the

tectonic histories of the Iriyama thrust,the

faults in southwestem foot of Mt.Fuji and

the Kannawa fault at so“themmargine ofthe

Tanzawa Mts.were described by Otuka(1984),Tsuya(1940)an(i Tsuya(1942)respec-

tively based on the progress of strati-

graphical and chronological studies on the

Quaternary formation.

  In the late1960’s,the active fault study has

been introduce(1 in the program of earth-

quakepredictionasoneofthenationalpro-jects.By the end of1970’s,most of the major

active faults in Japan have been discovered

through fault survey using aerial photo-

interpretation.In the study areas,the quanti-

tative information on active faults,such as

long-term slip-rate,vertical and latera1(iis-

placements of the fault,was accumulate(1by

means of progress of tephrochronology an(1

radiometric dating method. Machida&Moriyama(1968)reported geomorphic his-

tory around the Kozu-Matsuda fault。Matsu-

shima&Imanaga(1968),Machidaαα1。(1975) and Kano 6♂ α1.(1979) revealed the

fault movement on the Kamawa fault in the

mid(11e to late Quatemary.Yamazaki(1979)

reveaIed the fault behavior an(i the tectonic

significance on the active faults in southwest-

em foot of Mt.Fuji.All these data obtained

by1980were compiled in “Active faults in

Japan”which is an inventory book on active

faults in Japan by Research Group for Active

Fault Japan(R.G.A.F.」.)(1980).

  Since then,the active fault stu(1y in Japan

branched off into two fields.One is the study

on the(1etailed history of each fault move-

ment during Holocene time.Many trenches

were excavated across various faults to

一607一

Page 6: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

Bz61」6渉勿z(ゾ 渉h6 G60109づoαl Sz67z7¢y (~プノ砿)召銘, 1V≧)1.43,ノ〉io.10

know the age of recent faulting an(i the recur-

rence interval that provide us useful informa-

tion about the long-term earthquake pre(iic・

tion. Archaeological records an(1ancient

manuscripts were also used to specify the age

and locality of faulting that caused historical

earthquakes.Another study is on the clarifi-

cation of the implication o:f each active fault

in the regional tectonics.With increase of

the information on plate collision at Izu

Borderland,Yamazaki(1984)and Itoαα1.(1989)discussed the meaning of active faults

in the framework of plate tectonics.This

paper lies on the field of the latter.

 2.2Re且aせio蒐s恥恥めe意wee恥襯童ve蝕磁s

     蹴齢late恥o撒ぬry

 Sugimura(1972)first delineate(1that the

plate boundary in the South Fossa Magna

region extended from Suruga trough through

the inland area to Sagami trough.He also

thought that the buoyant Izu block on the

PHS collided with the EUR at the northem

margin of Izu Peninsula an(1northwardmigration of Izu block bent the plate bound-

ary in an arc.The:Kozu-Matsuda and Kan-

nawa faults to the north of Izu Peninsulawere

thought to be the plate-boundary faults

where the PHS directly contacted with the

EUR.  However,as these faults had extraordinar-

ily smaller slip-rate than the relative plate

motion between the PHS an(1the EUR,it was

unnatural to think that these faults represent

directly the plate boundary.Ishibashi(1976)

thought that the commencement of new sub-

duction zone off the east coast of Izu Penin.

sula diminished the inter-plate convergence

rate in Izu Borderland. According to this

thought,some transform faults across Izu

Peninsula are needed to connect Suruga

trough with a new subduction zone.There-

fore,he argued that the numerous NW-SE

trending faults in the peninsula acted as the

transform fault comecting the both subduc-

tion zones,an(1named the group of these

faults as Izu transform belt.Ishibashi(1977)

further suggested the possibility that the

active fault along the new subduction zone

cause(i perio(iically large earthquakes and

moved coseismically at the event of1923

great Kanto earthquake.

  Contrary to this hypothesis, Somerville

(1978) discusse(i that the crustal strain

caused by plate collision was accommo(iated

by the slip of intraplate faulting in Izu block.

He argued that the subduction zone of:f the

east coast of Izu Peninsula was not needed

for the explanation of the decrease of inter-

plate convergence rate at Izu Borderland.

 Although the above mentione(1hypothesis

postulated that the active faulting in Izu

Bor(1erland directly represente(i the plate

motion along the convergence bomdary,Nakamura6渉α1.(1984)proposed a new i(1ea

to classify the plate boun(iary into mechani-

cal b6undary zone and material bomdary.

They showed that the inland plate bom(iary

in Izu Borderlan(1,pointed out by Sugimura

(1972),was the material boundary,an(i the

mechanical boundary zone correspon(1e(1to

the active faults zone to the north ofmaterial

boundary.

  Yamazaki(1984)investigated the history

of fault movement and its tectonic feature

along the mechanical boundary zone. He

showed that the crustal evolution of this

region was caused by the formation of ac-

cretionary prism associated with the plate

subduction. He also pointed out that the

active faults in this region corresponded to

the imbricated thrusts in the accretionary

prlsm。

  Recently,Ishibashi(1988a,b)reconstructe(i

his original hypothesis and showed that the

west Sagami bay fault was not a interplate

fault at the subduction boundary but a kind

of intraplate hinge fault boun(1ing the buoy-

ant inner arc from the subducting outer arc in

the Izu-Ogasawara arc. He renamed the

fracture zone as the west Sagami fracture

zone(WSF).He wamedthe reactivation of

WSFinthenearfuturebasedonthefactthatthe periodical movement of the WSF had

repeatedly damaged Odawara area every70

years through the historical time.

一608一

Page 7: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T60渉oκ露s ごzJo7zg 孟hθ 7zo7孟h67% 窺召碧2% (ゾ Z2z6P6%2nsz61ごz の. 】己αηzα2σ泥∂

 2.3 Re互寵童ve mot亙o聾o£騒e PHS toward

     t恥e EUR

 Many earth scientists in Japan supported

the NW direction for the relative motion of

the PHS toward the EUR along Nankaitrough.However,two estimations:1)N to

NNW direction and2)NW to WNW direc-tion,were proposed for the motion of the

PHIS in Izu Bor(ierlan(i (lshibashi,1984).

The former was derived from the studies on

the geological history and landform evolution

in the South Fossa Magna region(Kaizuka,

19751Matsuda, 1978).  The later wasobtained from the plate motion mo(1el on the

basis of the focal mechanism of great earth-

quakes along the plate boun(iary(Seno,19771

Minster&Jordan,1978,1979).To solve this

inconsistency,Nakamura & Shimazaki(1981)conclude(i that the PHS had moved

toward north before l Ma,and then changed

its direction to the northwest. Kaizuka(1984)showed many geological data to sup.

port this idea.

  Seno (1985)tried to interpret the above

mentioned inconsistency using the newhypothesis proposed by Nakamura(1983)and

Kobayashi(1983)that northern Honshu is a

portion of the North American plate(:NAM)

and migrating to the west.He considered

that the migrating direction of the PHS

changedfromNNWtoWNWatabout1.5Ma,andthenat O.5Ma theboundarybetweentheEUR and NAM which originally rm through

the central Hokkaido,jumped to the eastem

margin of Japan Sea and the central Japan.

He thought that this jumping of plate boun(1-

ary caused the westward migration of North-

east Japan as a portion of NAM.Onthe other

hand,Ishibashi(1984)who shared the view

point that Northeast Japan was a indePen-

dent microPlate,conclude(1that many phe-

nomena on the tectonic evolution in late

Neogene Japan,such as the different conver-

gence direction between Nankai and Sagami

trough,are interpreted consistently with the

idea that the Southwest Japan commenced its

eastward migration at about l to2Ma.Although this controversy remains inconclu一

sive,recentlyYamazaki(1988)andMaritimeSafety Agency(1988)proposed a(10ubt for

the existence of this new plate boundary

along the eastem margin of Japan sea on

which the both hypothesis are based.

 Consequently,the author thinks that the

interpretation of tectonic evolution in the Izu

Borderland is indispensable to solve t五e prob-

1em of different direction of plate conver-

gence between Nankai an(1Sagami troughs.

3.OUTLINE()F G・E()LOGY

  3.1Setti醜gi恥蝕e幽tetecto漉s  From the viewpoint of island arc system,

Izu Borderland is a intersection between the

East Japan island arc system(Sugimura&

Uyeda,1973)exten(1ing from Kuril Islands

through Northeast Japan to Izu-Ogasawara

islands and the plate convergence zone at the

northern end of the PHS(Kaizuka,1975).Izu・

Ogasawara arc is divided into the non-vol-

canic outer arc and the volcanic.inner arc by

the volcanic front.

  In and around Izu Peninsula,the N-S trend-

ing volcanic front runs in Sagami Bay.Izu-

Ogasawara imer arc to the west of the

volcanic front contains Mt.Fuji,Hakone,

Amagi and some other Quatemary volcanoesin Izu Peninsula and Izu Borderland(Fig.1).

Because of this imer arc is made ofrelatively

low density volcanic rocks,the crust is thick-

er than that o:f non-volcanic outer arc.

Conse(1uently,the subduction of the inner arc

beneath the EUR becomes difficult and the

convergence boundary is pushed northward.

Therefore,Izu Bor(1erland is a place subject

to extreme crustal deformation.

 3.2 To夢ogr我夢恥亘cal a醜d geo亙09童e我且str聡c-

     t櫨eo貴藍eS側騒FossaM&9黙 The Izu Borderland constitutes a part of

the Fossa Magna which is a huge depressed

zone(1ividing the Japanese Islands into South-

west Japan and Northeast Japan.The Fossa

Magna region is estimated to initiate its

deformation in the middle Early Miocene to

early Middle Miocene(Kato,1992). The

一609一

Page 8: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

βz61」6あη (ゾ’渉h6 (1}(ヲolo9乞αzl Sz67∂6ッ α〆ノ砿)ごz%, Vbl.43,.八b.10

thick accumulation of Neogene Tertiary and

Quatemary volcanics fill the depression of

the pre-Neogene rocks.The Fossa Magna is

divided into two sedimentary basins,i.e.the

North and South Fossa Magna,by the rise of

the Central Upheaval Zone in the central

part.Izu Peninsula and Izu Borderlan(i con-

stitute some portion of the South Fossa

Magna.In and around Izu Peninsula,the

South Fossa Magna is divided mainly into

two tectonic provinces l1)the stable Izu

Peninsula(lzu block)consisting of the Terti-

ary an(i Quaternary volcanics and2) the

extra peninsula fo1(ied belt(the South Fossa

Magna foldedbelt)consisting ofsedimentary

rocks and volcanics since the Miocene time

(Matsuda,1962).

  The Izu block consists mainly of the Yuga-

shima Group(Lowerto Middle Miocene)and

the Shirahama Group(Upper Miocene toLower Pliocene)underlying Quatemary vo1-

canics.Shirahama Gfoup(11to8Ma inage)

yielded the Foraminiferum L吻40の61乞鰯(〈吻hzolの観%)ノのo勉oσof which has not

been fomd in the contemporaneous Tertiary

rocks o:f Japanese islands except for Izu

Peninsula (Saito,1963). 五のりづ40のノolズ按z has

lived in tropical shallow waters indicating

that the Izu block comprise(1a number of

volcanic islands situate(i to the south of

Japanese Islands at the late Miocene(lbara.

ki,1981).The Miocene sediments in this

Peninsula do not show any large scale defor-

mations cause(1by faulting,fo1(iing or uplift-

ing.The topographic relief exceeding1,000m

in Izu Peninsula has made by the growth of

Quaternary volcanoes.

  On the other hand,many steep momtains

such as the Misaka,Tenshu and Tanzawa

Mts.1ie on the South Fossa Magna folded

belt in consequence of vigorous uplifting.

This folded zone consists of the Tanzawa,

Koma and Nishi-Yatsushiro Groups of the

lower to middle Miocene and the Fujigawa,

Nishi-Katsura,Aikawa and Ashigara Groups

of the upper Miocene to Pleistocene(Ma-

tsuda,1958).The former is mainly marine

deposits interbe(1ded v守ith volcanic materials

and their thickness exceeds1,000m.The

latter is sedimentary rocks composed of

thick mudstones and conglomerates.Their

sedimentary facies and structure indicate

that some of them were the subsiding trough

fill se(iiments(lto,19851Amano6砲1.,1986).

These rocks experienced the most extreme

shortening of more than20km in Tertiary

formations ofthe JapaneseIslands(Matsuda,

1962,1984). The folded structure extends

around the Izu block with a strong convexity

towards the north.In the folded belt,the

lower to middle Miocene crops out in the

portion of anticlinal axis and the upPer

Miocene to Pliocene fillsthesynclinalportion

(Matsuda,1962).

  These geological structure in(iicates that

the South Fossa Magna folded belt is the

Iocus of collision an(1accretion of the buoy-

ant crust,such as Izu block,towards the

EUR。 The formation of sub(1uctive trough

between the PHS and the EUR plates has

been repeate(1through the Neogene perio(i

(Matsuda,19781Amano6齢乙,1986)。Theactive faults in this region extend along the

southem margin of the South Fossa Magna

folded belt to surround the northem margin

of Izu Peninsula.

4.ACTIVE EAULITS AND CRUSTAL   DEFORMATIONS IN THE AREA TO   THE N(》RTH OF SURUGA BAY

 4.1  0utl亙聾e

 The geological an(l topographical structure

in the area to the north of Suruga Bay is

characterize(1by a N-S trending zonal struc-

ture as shown in Fig.4.Two N-S trending

fault systems with W-upthrow divide the

region into three blocks. The east fault

system is composed of the Iriyamase,Omiya

and Agoyama faults.They consist the geo-

10gical and topographical boundary between

alluvial lowlan(1s of Fuji an(1Fujinomiya in

the east, an(1 the Kambara, Habuna an(i

Hoshiyama Hills in the west.The west one

consists of the:N-S trending Iriyama and

Shibakawa thmsts and divides the area into

一610一

Page 9: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T60孟o多zあs ごzJo?zg オh6 %oπh6ηz盟zごz碧勿z(ゾ12z6P6多zづ%sz6」ごzの。 y4ηzα9ごz々∂

のΣΦ

xou二.望

∈¢

4

O O O

 O o

 O OO O o ρO O O

  o  o  O  o  o  O O

 OoOoOo欝

  0 1

o

o

 灘 .凌。 ,懸灘tも

   (u⊃ 蒙  o。灘繍こ’o灘.織司Qoo

繋蟻簿薯も・

 鋤o「・nOo

9 ,

0.O

7 ロo o

 Oo漉議。O

O OO

 Oooのlo

イ鰹o嫌潔・爆

0

・難綴

・灘辮

       \、

F螺nOmlya     「

灘。。    

・8餐

 OつOoOn80shiyama。

罵ε。劉勢。。。8・。・

麟臆黛違轟

      ロ ロ ひ   ゆの  リロロ翌:ン63曼譲1。

、あ

Full

b

欄R.Full

Sし』rUlga Bay

0 5

Uklshlma-ga-hara

嘱Okm

Aロヨ

B囮

c騒l

D團

E睡]

F麗覇

G麟

H匪劉

1囮

Fig.4 Geologic sketch map of the inland area to the north of Suruga Bay.Geological sections

are shown in Fig.8.Bold and bold-broken lines indicate the active faults.

Fault name l IJriyamase fault,2.Omiya fault,3.Agoyama fault,4.lriyama fault,

5.Shibakawa fault,6.Matsuno fault,7.Noshita fault.Legend:A.AIluvial fan and

backmarsh(paralle口ines).B.Volcanic slope of Mt.Fuji.C.Lava flows from Mt.Fuji.

D、Older Fuji mudflow deposits.E。Saginota gravelsinthe Middle Pleistocene.F.Bessho

gravels in the lower Pleistocene.G.Iwabuchi andesite.H.Kambara conglomerate in the

early Pleistocene.1.Tertiary rocks.

一611一

Page 10: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

βz6116!乞% (~プ オh6 (360109づoαl Sπ7∂6ッ (~プノi6z1)召%, Viol,43,ノ〉o,ヱ0

hills to the east and Hamaishi-dake and

Tenshu Mts.to the west.

 4.2  Tee亡o醜童e evo亘腿髄o恥 o£ eac恥 £a翻te《丑

     腿o磁

(且)H:蹴ais恥亘・ぬ鼠e蹴西丁錨曲髄Mo翻t廊S

  The Hamaishi-dake and Tenshu Mts.situ-

ated on the westem margin of study area are

steep and dissected mountains ranging in

altitude from500to1β00meters.These twomomtains are composed of the upper Fuji-

gawa Group of the Pliocene,which consists

mainly of conglomerate and sandstone with a

maximum thickness of more than4,000m.

Fujigawa Group is the thick fi11(1eposits of

the ancient trough located at the Pliocene

Plate boundary to the south of the Kanto and

Misaka Mts. This subsided trough haschanged to uplifting area since the beginning

of the Pleistocene(Matsuda,1984).

(2)臨麟ara,H曲撒a蹉d Hosh量y&m我    Hi且亘s

  The Kambara,Habuna and HoshiyamaHi11s,10cated to the east of the mountains,

are bounded on west and east by the Iriyama

-Shibakawa thrust system and the Iriyamase

-Omiya-Agoyama fault system respectively.

  a.Kambam H量亘亙s:The Kambara Hills,

10cated in the southwestem side of River

Fuji,is a(1issected hilly area400-500meters

in altitude without flat surfaces on it.The

geology of these hills consists mostly of the

lower Pleistocene Kambara conglomerate,

Iwabuchi andesite an(i mi(idle Pleistocene

Saginota gravels which uncomfortably rest

on the former tWo fQrmations(Table1,Fig.

4).These Quatemary units have been verti-

cally displaced by the reverse faulting at both

margins of the.hills and also have undergone

small scale deformation caused by faulting

and folding in thehills(Sugiyama&Shimo-kawa,1982).Duetotherecentuplift,anarrow

Holocene terrace㌦has been formed on the

eastem margin of the hills.

  The Kambara conglomerate (Konno&Otuka,1933),extensively distributed in the

southem Kambara Hills,consists mostly of

600mthickpebblygravelswithsand-en-riched matrix.The relatively monotonousfacies despite the large thickness of this for-

mation indicatesthat the Kambara conglom-

erate is fluvial and shallow water deposits

originally  accumulated  in  the  subsi(iing

depressi・n畦suc血astheplace・nthen・rthem

bor(1er of present Suruga trough.

  The Iwabuchi.andesite (Otuka,1938),

remains of the early Pleistocene volcano,is

composed mainly of tuff breccia and lavas

and encloses a series of sedimentary beds

correlated with the Bessho gravels in the

Table1 Quaternary stratigraphy of the area to the north of Suruga bay.

GeologicalAge      KambaraHills

(Sugiyama&Sh㎞lokawa,1982)Habuna-Hoshiyama     H且ls

Hol㏄ene       Anuvhm一  一  一  一  一  一  一  一  一  _ _   Iwabuchitenlacedeposit一  一  一  一  一  一  一  _  _  _  _

     F司ilava且OWS

一  一  一  一  一  一  噸  一  _ _  _ _

     A皿uvium

一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一

YoungerF㎎曾i’lavaflows

一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一

〇lder珂imudflows一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一

   Saginotagravels

一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一 一

  Iwabuc1丘andesite

Pleistocene

Late

Middle一 一 陶 一 一 一 一 一

肋ly

Saginotagravels

一 一 一 藺 隔 一 一 一 一 _

Iwabuchi andesite

Sed㎞ents Besshogravels

Iwabuchi andesite

  Kambaraconglomerate一 一  一  一  一  『  噌  一  _ _  _  _

     珂ikawaGroup

           隔  一 一

一 一 一 一 } 一 嘲 一 _

   F雨ikawaGroupP互iocene

一Con蚕01血ty一一一一Unconfbmlity

一612一

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T66孟o競sαlo%9云h6%oπh6吻耀顧%げ伽P6痂sぬ但.y碗α2剃

Habma and Hoshiyama Hills. Thisformation overlies the Kambara conglomer-

ate conformably and mderlies the middle

Pleistocene Saginota gravels unconformably.

The age of this volcano is estimate(i to be the

Matuyama reversed magnetic epoch in theearly Pleistocene from the reversed magneti-

zation of lava魅blocks obtained from the

upPer part of the formation.

  The Saginota gravels.(Konno&Otuka,

1933)arefluvialfan(1epositsof200minthickness distribute(i in the westem half of

Kambara Hills an(i in the southem Habuna

Hills.The age is estimated to be O.4to O.5

Ma on the basis of yielding of S惚040η

0吻磁擁s and the occurrence of widespread

vitric ash which is potentially correlated to

Ks-10ash in the mi(1dle Pleistocene Kazusa

Group,Boso Peninsula(Machida6孟α1.,1980).

  Thelwabuchiterraceof30to40minaltitude,on the eastem margin of Kambara

Hills,is an uplifted Holocene terrace com-

posed of coarse fluvial and fine brackish

water sediments.Akahoya ash(Ah)empte(1

in Southem Kyushu at6,300years ago was

found in the brackish water sediment at13.7

m in height(Yamazakiαα1.,1981).These

facts indicate that1)Iwabuchi terrace is a

filltop terrace created by the postglacial

transgression,and2)assuming the paleo-sea

level of6,000years ago was about2m above

the present one,the eastem margin of Kam-

baraHillswasuplifted11,7matarateof1.9m/103years since after the fall of Ah ash.

  The following geological evolution of the

Kambara Hills is obtained from the above

mentioned stratigraphical data.

  In the early Pleistocene,the Kambara con-

glomerate accumulated thickly in the subsid-

ed depression similar to present bottom of

Suruga trough. The activity of Iwabuchi

volcano has also occurred in the(iepression

following the deposition of Kambaraconglomerate and a thick series of andesitic

lavas and agglomerate has consequently

accumulated. In the early Middle Pleis-

tocene,the Saginota gravels overspread the

present Kambara Hills an(i its adjacent area

as fluvial deposits.Then,subsiding of these

areas gradually changed into uplifting.As a

result o:f the change,the Saginota gravels

emerged and the erosional process began in

the Kambara Hills area.

  め. H&恥聡髄a-Hos血量yam我 H亘亙亙s:The

Habuna and Hoshiyama Hills ranging in

altitude from100to300m,in the northeast

bank of River Fuji,are bounded by the

Iriyamase,Omiya,Agoyama and Shibakawafaults.The gentle inclination of depositionaI

surfaces preserved well on both hills in(1icate

that the Habma an(1Hoshiyama Hills weretilted to the west and to the north,respective-

1y. The geology of these hills consists of

Iwabuchi andesite intercalating with the

thick Bessho gravels,th6 1ate Pleistocene

Older Fuji mudflow units and several sheets

of Younger Fuji Iavas in the late Pleistocene

to Holocene.

  Hitherto,the Bessho gravels extensively

distributed in both hills were assume(1to be

equivalent to the Sagi耳ota gravels in the

Kambara Hills because the Bessho gravels

seemed to overlie the agglomerate of Iwabu-

chi andesite mconformably at several out-

crops along the River Fuji(Tsuya,19401

0tuka,1938).But this study has confirmed

that the Bessho gravels can be classified into

two formations l upper formation which is

relative to the Saginota gravels in the Kam-

bara Hills an(110wer one enclosed in Iwabu-

chi an(iesite.

  The former,gravels of200m in thickness,

occupies the southem Habuna Hills with N-S

or NE-SW strike and E dip.The mud layer

bearing abun(iant plant fossils at the base of

upper formation intercalates with a thin

glassy marker tephra identical with the ash

layer in Saginota gravels. The Saginota

gravels in the Habuna Hills have undergone

more intense deformation than those in the

:Kambar皐 Hills. This fact implies theexistence of a fault(the Matsuno fault)mn-

ning through between two hills along the

River Fuji.

  The latter formation (Bessho gravels)

一613一

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B%Jl6ガ銘 (ゾ 云hθ 060109乞oαl S%7∂βッ (ゾノ砿)ごz%, Vbl.43メ〈b.10

extensively distribute(i in the Habuna an(1

Hoshiyama H皿s is composed of totally more

than1000m thick and well stratified cobble-

pebble-sized layers intercalated with thin

sand beds.The extremely large thickness

and monotonous facies of this formation

suggest that the Bessho gravels are resulted

by the accumulation of coarse sediments in a

contimous depression.They were transpoted

from Misaka Mts.by the Paleo-River Fuji.

The geological structure of the Bessho

gravels is different largely between that of

the Habuna Hills with NW-SE strike,SW

(1ip of40to60degrees and of the Hoshiyama

Hills with:NW-SEstrike,NE dip of30to50

degrees. This fact also indicates that the

Agoyama fault has commenced its activity

after the accumulation of Bessho gravels

traversing its sedimentary basin,and conse-

quently the blocks on either si(ie of the fault

have(1eveloped(1ifferent tilting from each

other.As there has not been observed any

erosional surface on the contact between the

Iwabuchi andesite and the un(ierlying mud

layer top of Kambara conglomerate(Sugiyama&Shimokawa,1982),the Bessho

gravels and the Kambara conglomerate are

assumed to have accumulated in a series of

subsiding basin. The thickness of Bessho

gravels is increasing toward the north in-

dicating that the center of subsi(ience has

migrated to the north during earlyPleistocene.

  The Older Fuji mudflows in the late Pleis-

tocene (Tsuya,19681Agglomeratic mud-flows of Tsuya,1940)are composed mainly

of original mudflow(1eposits derived from

Older Fuji volcano,their secon(iary(1eposits

and alluvial fan gravels at volcanic foot.As

the depositional surfaces Qf these mudflows

are well preserved on both hills,they can

subdivide into several units through the

Om

5m

Key亡ephra

OS_伽KgP

MS一噸

AT一{

scoriaゆ

Pum臨nOW

Agex104y.B-」》.

0.3

Mudflowsurfaces

Fuji Iavas

羅拗o o o o o o

▲ ▲▲ ▲ A ▲

SSW4,SW6

___Mf-WSW1,2,5,SSW1,2

一Mf一皿2.15

4.9

1一…

一Mf-1

1-MH・

Fig.5 Tephrochronology of lava andmudflow depositsinthe area ofsouthemfoot ofMt.Fuji.

OS:Osawa scoria,KgP:Kawagodaira pumice,MS:Murayama scoria,AT:Aira-Tn

ash,Pumice flow:Hakone younger pyroclastic flow,Mf-r to Mf-IV represent the

depositional surfaces of the Older Fuji mudflow.Filled triangles,open circles and

oblique lines in the columnar section indicate the sCoria layer,pumice or vitric ash layer

and humic soil respectively.

一614一

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Too云onぢos ごzlo多zg 渉h6 %oπh67% %zα響づ% (ゾノ2z6P6多z1%s%♂α 侭. Kzηz召2召たの

chronological survey of the surfaces.Ma-

chi(1a(1977)divides the mudflows into older

an(i younger units on the basis of thickness of

the covering tephra.Yamazaki(1979)andYamazakiαごzl.,(1981)also studie(i the strati-

graphy of tephra and distinguished five sur一

faces on the mudflow deposits(Figs.5,6).

These surfaces contain severa1(1epositional

surfaces of original mudflows from the older

Fuji volcano and fluvial surfaces of tributary

flow of the River Fuji.

  These numerous surfaces have been form一

     獺i難  □      望彰   錫   Alluvial fan

    欝撚  翻     啄       Sbpes       げロおえ

   監.纐‘孟

   雛’、ノー甲

   #堀

   縮

4

躁’彰き一,.響.

d’

Mudflow I’

er lavas Mudfbw IV,1輌導

甥ゑ纏?

。慨’三羅一 ▲A▲▲▲

//

Mudflow U Mudflow III

曙▲  A

≡三 ※/

ow I’

Mudflow l婁騒き 》4》4

Xl i

號現

夢%

霧欝

f

d〆

黛  e灘   露

3,羅集.

・難μ、糀

騒灘 ・一.

羅瀦

i難

Younger Iavas

瑛:i

Fujinomiya     l~  2c

0.3

0S

MS

ATn2」

5.O

TPflo

x104yr.

i難

Om

1

2

3

4

5

6

              .霧

           ..:::欝

            ・鵜::

……u藤:灘

,難

鰍う1

e唖’z摺

1.lriyamase fault

2.Omiyafault3.Agoyama fault

4.Shibakawafault

        賦River Fuji

   ざ

a

ba

ヂ 1

Fig.6 Geomorphological map of Hoshiyama and Habuna Hills.Older Fuji mudflow deposits

can be divided into five units based on the tephrochronology. Columnar section

correspon(is to that in Fig.5

一615一

Page 14: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

醸灘..,

β%ll6だ% (Zプ 渉h6 G60109づo召l S勿7z7¢y ρプノ41)ごzフz, VbJ.43,〈石o.ヱ0

ed by the intermittent uplifting of two hills,

cause(1by faulting along the eastern margin

of the hills system. But the (1istribution

pattem of mu(iflow surfaces shows the

regional characteristics,that is,the surfaces

older than50,000years ago(Mf-I and I’)

(1evelop well on the Habuna Hills,while

younger surfaces,especially the surface of

20,000years ago(Mf-III)extend over the

Hoshiyama Hills.This contrast is due to a

relatively higher uplifting rate and earlier

emergence of the Habma Hills than those of

the Hoshiyama Hills.Each of surfaces onthe

Hoshiyama Hills extends from north to south

in direction with narrow width.The younger

Fuji lavas(SSW2,SW5)eruptedabout10,000

years ago flew over the hi11s an(1reached

River Fuji.Although Tsuya(1940)assumed

that these lavas have not been(1isplace(1by

Omiya fault at the eastern margin of the hills,

the large gap of lava height,exceeding50m,

between Fujinomiya Basin and HoshiyamaHills indicates that the Omiya fault has verti-

cally displace(i these lavas.

  Above data lead to the following conclu-

sion on geological evolution of the Habuna

and Hoshiyama Hills. The Habuna an(1

Hoshiyama Hills were a place intensely sub-

si(1ing where the thick Bessho gravels had

accumulated during early Pleistocene time.

In the Middle Pleistocene,this area was still

subsi(1ing contemporaneously with the accu-

mulation of Saginota gravels.But around

80,000years ago when older Fuji volcano

commenced its activity,the crustalmovement in this area had gradually changed

from subsidence into uplift.Since50,000yr

B.P.,though both h皿s have undergone the

same significant uplifting,the difference of

distribution pattem of mudflow surfaces

became prominent between two hills(1ue to

the difference of tilting direction.

(3)Fuj旦一Fujinomiyalowla織  Fuji-Fujinomiya lowland,10cate(i in the

northern extension of axis o:f Suruga trough

and extending over the east si(1e of Habuna

an(i Hoshiyama Hills,is composed of the

Fujigawa alluvial fan, Ukishimagahara

swamp onthe southemflank of Mt.Ashitaka

and Fujinomiya basin。

  &. E臆」亘g我w&&亘旦朋v量a旦ね醜:Thick fluvial

gravels transported from the Misaka and

Akaishi Mts.by the River Fuji are the con-

stituent material of this fan.These gravels

intercalate the SSWl lava of Fuji volcano

with the radiocarbon age of14,000yr B.P.

(Yamazaki,αα1.,1981). The maximum

depthofthislavareachesupto-140matthemouth of River Fuji(Murashita,1977).

  b. Uki曲imaga恥ara:Ukishimagahara isa lagoon formed by the continual sub(1uction

and the formation of barrier alon墓the south-

em flank of Mt.Ashitaka. The markertephra of KgP(2,900yr B.P.)and K-Ah ash

(6,300yr B.P.)were found in this lagoon

sedimentsatdepthof-6mand-17.8mrespectively(Yamazakiαα1.,1981).The

depth of these tephras approximately indi-

cates the subsidence of Ukishimagaharasince after the deposition of these tephras

because the sea level has been relatively

stable during last6,000years. The mean

subsiding rate is estimated to be2m/103

years since the KgP age and to be3m/103

years since the Ah ash age.Figure7shows

the relationship between the altitude of sam-

pled peats in the lagoon sediments and their

radiocarbon age.

  c. F細亘聾om量ya ba,s沁:This basin is a

fault angle depression formed on t五e south-

westemfootofFujivolcano.A300mdri1-1ing revealed that this basin was composed of

thick Holocene Fuji lavas an(101der Fuji

mudflows younger than80,000years ago.The bottom of drilled core did not reach the

Bessho gravels uhderlying Older Fuji mu(1-

flows(Yamazaki6渉σ1.,1981). This fact

indicates that Fujinomiya basin has under-

gone intense subsiding at a rate of2to3m/

103years since the late Pleistocene.

  4.3  Moveme恥t of aetive f&賜且ts

(1) hiyamase-Om量ya-Agoy&ma鉛腿亘t sys・

    tem

  This fault system divides the region into

subsiding lowland to the east and uplifting

一616一

Page 15: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T66孟o吻sαlo%9オh6%oπh6解耀智初げ伽P6痂s吻硯。y4〃zα2剃

日)              J

 I I 『 コ

     …     , ’

 I  I  I   l

??幹

 ’!ノ     ,

46

磯 //i/

 !!,轡

 ノ

31m

♂ノ  

iノ

   毒’’  Ah’’   i

O I陥BuCHl

欝UKISHIMA  GAHARA□(Hatan。αai.,

    1979)

10RADlOCARBON AGE      5 30

  ω  >  ζ  一〇

  rO mm>

  5  ε

  需

一30

一50

Fig.7 Comparison of the sample heights and their

      ages between two drillings on the both sides

      of the Iriyamase fault.

hilly land to the west.This system exten(is

from the mouth of River Fuji to the north and

disappears into the younger lava field。The

Iriyamase and Agoyama faults inthis system

are reverse faults showing a sinistral en eche-

10n configuration. The Omiya fault is a

normal fault comecting the Iriyamase an(1

Agoyama faults(Fig.4).

  a. 敢亘yam&se飴翻t(Tsuya,1940):This

fault,bounding the eastem margin of Kam-

bara and Hoshiyama Hills,is a thmst having

theWpartupthrown,andextendsfromthemouth of Riyer Fuji to the north。Southern

extension of the fault is also assume(i to

continue to the submarine active fault along

the base of westem slope of Suruga trough.

  Although no tectonic landform is found on

the surface of Fujikawa alluvial fan,the}ate

Pleistocene to Holocene se(iiments beneath

the fan are vertically displaced by faulting。

Comparing the displacement reference hori-

zons(DRH)on both sides of the fault,1ess

than100m,46mand31.5mofthewest-sideupthrown are recognized for SSWl lava of

14,000years ago,peaty layers of8,000years

ago and Ah ash fall respectively(Fig.8)。The

long-term slip-rate of the fault(ierived from

these data is estimated to be constant with a

value of7to5m/103years during Holocenetime.This is the largest value of vertical slip

rate of the active faults in the lan(i of Japan.

  At the event of the Ansei-Tokaiearthquake that occurred in Suruga trough in

l854,a small mound called“Jishinyama”(earthquake mou項(1) apPeared on the floo(玉

plain near the mouth of River Fuji(Omori,

1919).Judging from the fact that a vast area

of cultivated land was(1eveloped to the west

of the mound after the earthquake,it is con-

clu(1ed that the formation of“Jishinyama”is

not a small local event but a tectonic land-

form accompanied with extensive uplifting of

the westem side of the Iriyamase fault.This

means that the southem segment ofIriyamase fault has moved at the Ansei-

Tokai earthquake of1854.

  SSWl lava of14,000yr B.P.outcrops to

the west of the Iriyamase fault.This lava

seems to have(1eposited on the river floor

because it rests directly on the flood loam.

Assuming that the sea level of14,000yr B。P。

was50to60mlowerthanpresentlevelandthe height of the outcrop above sea level at

that time was the same as the present value

(十15m),the original altitude of this lava

might be-35to-45m。Consequently,thewestem block of the Iriyamase fault has been

uplifted50to60matarateof3.5to4.4m/103years since the deposition of SSWl lava,

and the eastern block has subsi(1ed55to45m

with the rate of3.3to3.9m/103years.

  Table.2shows the relative slip rate of the

faults and the absolute rates of block move-

ment which were obtained from the heights

of several DRH and the heights of sea level

when DRH were deposite(1.

  b.Om量ya fa磁(Tsuya,19401Yamazaki,

1979):Tsuya(1940)inferre(1the existence

of an arcuate fault along the eastem margin

of Habuna an(1Hoshiyama Hills and named

it the Omiya fault.Suzuki(1968)estimated

that the Omiya fault was a part of normal

ring fault surrounding Mt.Fuji,causedbythe

一617一

Page 16: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

B%ll6渉勿z(~プ オh6 (360109づoσl Sz6卿¢y (~プ∫のごz%, Vlol.43,〈b.10

A

100m

O

一100

100m

α

Z

Iwabuchi terrace

/RFuji’o』。・。 SSW1   13,ス60土300Y・B。R

.・i奪・

      →Fuli volcano

b

O

         』…i蓬粟・

z’噛鞠1,1,,

B勿  α  lwabuchi

  須  terrace       A

  I器躍曼。・・造

』・:ll=』。誇』

Fandep.

』・二。ぷ。』,・’・』6・・:

o .

 ’0

’1自6istocene

  gravelS

Fig.8

    R.Fuji

瀬』論茎

4430:±120Y.B.P.

Ofuchi  lava(SSW1)

〇   1Km          c

Ukishimagahara

’///////

30

Om

一30

  A 28.77m

Peat

7660±230Y.B.P。

Table2

Mean s巨p rate

          B

5%         4。054m    3

ay

13・系

ρ・σ

 8090土380Y.B.R

                      Y.B.P.

       Vbrtical displacement

当3K9P iΩシ呂

、轟 一6m5m

LAh.o’1・.

臼 ’o臼

}短嘱曹

Sand&(i

-1Z8m

8180土210

’o∋=’σ.

Clay

YBP

Displacement of the Holocene sediment and the Fuji Iava by the Iriyamase fault in the

lower part of River Fuji.

A:DisplacementofOfuchi lava(SSW1).Bl Displacement ofthe Holocenetransgression

sediment.Section lines correspond to those in Fig.4

Block movement on the each side of the Iriyamase and Kozu-Matsuda faults(after

Yamazaki,1984).

Faulmame Ref◎rence Age

(Ka)

Sealevel

(m)

Hei菖ht

(m)

Up㎞wnside

  Up1血

  (m)

Uplift

 rate

(m/103y)

Hei帥t

(m)

Down山mwnside

 Subsidcnce Subsidence         rate

   (m)  (m!103y)

F副t  long-telmdisplace- slip-rate

 m㎝t

 (m)  (m!103y)

KOZU-Matsuda 鉛ult

 Aha5h

Mゑsu面ace

 OS2

6.3

60

250

2-15『

20.5

90

 『

18.5

105

29

1.8

1.8~23

 -43.5

 -500

3.8~43  0。6~0.7

 30.3    0.5

 500     2

2玉~23    3.3

 135    2.3

myamase-Agoyama £ault

  躍

 Ahash

Hol㏄㎝epeat

SSW-11ava

OFmudflow

2.9

6.3

8.0

13.7

80

 0

 2

-10~一15

 -50

-3~一9

昌13.711.015250

 一

 11.7

21~26

 65

 260

 一

 1.9

2.6~3.1

 4.7

 3.2

一6

-17.8

-35

-90

-160

 6     2

 19.8    3.2

20~25  2。5~3.1

 40     2.9

 150     1.9

31.5    5.0

46     5.8

105     7.6

410    5.1

一618一

Page 17: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

丁召o孟oアz20s ごzJo%g 渉h6%oγ孟hεηz ηz6z堰わz (≧プZ2z6Pθ%勿zs%1ごz6θ. y~zア%ごz26漉の

differential settlement accompanied with the

groWth o:f volcanic cone.

 On the other hand,Yamazaki(1979)thought that the northeastem margin of

Hoshiyama Hills was a trace of normal fault

to comect the Iriyamase and Agoyamareverse faults having a sinistral en echelon

configuration.He redefined this normal fault

as the Omiya fault.The height of the fault

scarp of the Omiya fault(1ecreases from

southeast to northwest.This fault dislocates

the Mf一皿surface of20,000yr B.P.and has a

scarp80mhighinthesouthwestemportionof the fault trace.Whereas in the northwest-

ern part,the steep scarp turns into gentle

flexurescarp40to50mhigh(Fig.9).Thelong・term slip-rate along the Omiya fault is

estimated to be4to2m/103years(1uring the

last20,000years.

  In the Hoshiyama Hills,the younger mud-

flow surfaces dip toward the River Fuji(to

SSW)but onthe contrary,the oldersurfaces

dip to the opposite direction (to NNE).

Iwabuchi andesite and the Bessho gravels

appear on the southwestem margin of the

hi11s also have a NE-SW strike and NE dip

concor(1ant with the tilting of older mudflow

surfaces.From the straight trace of the fault

and northeastward accumulative tilting of

the hills,the Omiya fault seems to be a

normal fault with steeply-dipping fault plane。

 e。Agoyama£躍旦t(Tsuya,19401Yama-zaki,1979):The Agoyama fault is a reverse

fault bounding the eastern margin of Habma

Hills with high vertical slip-rate.Remark-

able features along this fault are the exis-

tenceofsteepfaultscarpof160minheightand the large westwar(1tilting of the hi11s.

The geomorphic surface on the Habuna Hills

consists mainly of mudflow deposits o1(1er

than Mf-I surface of50,000yr B.P.These

surfaces are steeper than those of the alluvial

fan atthe southwestemfoot of Mt.Fuji.The

(1eformation of Bessho gravels mderlying the

mudflow deposits is also concordant with the

tilting of mudflow surfaces.

  From the accumulative tilting of upthrown

side of the fault,the Agoyama fault is esti-

mated to be a thrust fault with a relatively

Iow-angle fault plane.Figure10illustratesthe geological cross section((1-d7)traversing

the Habuna Hills and Fujinomiya lowlan(1in

the E-W direction.The Agoyama fault dis-

places the base of mudflow deposit more than

   SW一[osnIyamahl”sa          一_一_一一一一一

■   一

130m200m

a,

       △晒“所』  一戸一一

_ノ妄そ.喋奮蕊一『1P 5m

Fan d6P.

9 σ o

,〆’                        幽 m6、 100

        ./   OlderFuji/ ’∋・    .!・/        mudfbW     一  .!.!

 ム5 ▲  』、

bウ     轟

。㌔, ρ ρ o

萎OlderFuji

3bム

5 ρ

6  幽 9 吾f-  mudfbwつ 0

 2

ム (

会ゐ  

Mt。MyojoFuji v。

ゆb Bessh・ 惚~ OIder Fuji mudflow bト慈遡

             1             一一___一一一一一                  } ”‘6

…ゆ㌔.

6い

’飢 4

6144・4}瀞㌔曽 冒一一、        o

100m

80mr・ρβ

200m

・羅 、、

 声、, 4

葭、露厘!箆=一一’甲甲二3嘉鰯一:勘爺茅倉叩τ・・。.~P曹50酌

.い 骸一一一”轡欄・二一

\   lwabuchi

宕二  4二4じ  R.Urui

ム100

an eSl e 00

b’

Omiya fault

0 2km

Fig.9 Geologic sections across the Omiya and Agoyama faults(part1),

and b-b’coπespond to those in Fig.6

Section-lines of a-ay

一619一

Page 18: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

βz611(劣∫刀 (~プ 孟hθ (360109づo召l Sz67z7⑳ (ゾノ砿)αアz, Vbl.43,〈石o.10

CSW HoshiyamaHiIls

200m

NE   C,

              ヌ

壁轟陰SWl lava    衰,4 。  4  。

’,載, ・・2 P~’へ9

     R.Fuji

   ・霧㍗’㌔%

1暢k4 4     3あ へ  ニレのてコロニ 全、、あ凸,,    940-50m

〆l         Flluvialdep.

H、UrUl

Habuna Hi”s

R Urui

Omiya fauIt

100

d

0

W         ..費.4...                  ・靴

OFM              ヒ

礁篇蕪 o

R.Urui Mt・Fuli                σ           o’

R.Shiba   kawa 翻

                      200m・1 50m      SSW3     ’DriIling                     ・’蟹呈こ9”

                      100m

晶棚義へ

擦i鞭纏

贈侵繰灘灘鶴轟霧籍漁一灘繍灘1灘灘馨捌垂.!。

驚瞬

蹴論h6錨鱗 △な 臼

 A  .

   ..SW5▲     轟

o     ▲

         410m           I

Agoyama fault

彿  ,:

  ,   ,    4   「  ,  ’ ム

  4

               Om

  旭Older Fuji mud刊ow

4ム.ゲ (OFM)

    ム  ,               100m

2km

“・       4   ・  d

     △      ■

4  .             4

  △

300mEd’

Fig.10 Geologic sections across the Omiya and Agoyama faults(part2).

and d-d’coπespond to those in Fig.6

Section-line of c-c’

410mbetweenthehillsandlowland.Assum.ing that the base of mudflows was formed

after the initiation of the activity of older

Fuji volcano80,000years ago(Machida6渉α1.,1975),the minimum mean slip-rate of the

Agoyama fault is estimated to be5.1m/103

years.On the other hand,the Agoyama fault

vertically dislocates the top surface of the

SSW31avaflow(ca.10,000years ago)about

50masshowninFig.10。Themeanverticalslip-rate of the SSW3is calculated to be l

m/103years.The same slip rates of the two

different DRH indicate that the Agoyama

fault has constantly repeated the movement

during the late Quatemary time.

(2)hiyama-SMめakawafa眠ltsystem  The Iriyama-Shibakawa fault system with

N-S strike extends from the coast of Suruga

Bay to the westem foot of Mt.Fuji approxi-

mately25km long.This system is composed

of two thrusts dividing the mountain area on

the west from the hilly land on the east.The

segment to the south of the River Fuji is

called the Iriyama thmst and the Shibakawa

thrust to the north of the river.

  a。 亙riyama  thr盟st  (Konno  &  Otuka,

1933):Along10km of the Iriyama thrust,

Pliocene Fujigawa Group to the west over-

thrustsup ontheQuatemarygrouptotheeast.Awidefracturezonecanbeobservedalongthe bomdary’between the Hamaishi-dake

Mts.and Kambara Hills. Although theIriyama thrust displaces the Quaternary

deposits in the Kambara Hills and marks

their westem boun(1ary,no significant fault

scarp or tectonic lan(1forms are recognized

along the fault trace.From these character-

istics,Yamazaki(1979)considered that theIriyama thrust had ceased its recent activity.

But some evidences of the recent faulting

were fomd later on several man-made out-

crops in the Kambara Hills.Sugiyama&

Shimokawa(1982) estimated that theIriyama thrust has continued its movement at

a vertical slip-rate of O.25m/103years during

late Pleistocene an(i Holocene.

  Although the recent fault slip-rate of the

Iriyama trust is less vigorous than that of the

一620一

Page 19: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T66渉o%σ6s σlong 孟h6 %07オh6ηz盟zごz怨才% (ゾノ2%P(グz勿zsz61α 侭. Kz〃z〔zzσたの

Iriyamase and Agoyama faults,thewide frac-

ture zone along the thrust an(11arge(1eforma-

tion of the early Quatemary suggest that the

Iriyama thrust had a long history of faulting

an(1there was a more active period than the

present one.Presumably,the Iriyama thmst

had moved vigorously as a boun(iarybetween

the uplifting Hamaishi-dake and subsiding

Kambara Hills during the depositional period

of the early Pleistocene Kambara conglomer-

ate and Iwabuchi andesite.

 b.Sh童蝕誼&w&臨臓st(Yamazaki,1979):

The name of the Shibakawa thmst is as-

signe(1to the15km long segment of the

Iriyama-Shibakawa fault system to the north

of River Fuji.The west side of the fault is

upthrown.In the northem extreme of this

thmst,the strike tums from N-S to NE and

the fault trace seems to plmge into the

younger Fuji lava field(Fig.4).The DRH

which recor(1s the recent activity of the

Shibakawa thrust is the older Fuji mudflow

of50,000yr B.P.(Mf-1)and the younger Fuji

lava about10,000yr B.P.(SW-l and SW-3).

Figure ll illustrates the west-upthrown verti-

cal displacement of50m for the Mf-I surface

andof20mfortheSW-11avasurfaces.Thenmean slip.rate using every DRH is estimated

to be l m/103years.These data indicate that

the Shibakawa thrust has repeated its move-

ment more vigorous than the Iriyama thmst

during the late Quatemary time. In the

northemhalf ofthe Shibakawathrust,SW-31ava serves only a DRH for the recent move-

ment.This is subject to30to40m vertical

displacement of W-upthrow.Assuming that

SW-31avaflowedout10,000yearsago,meanslip-rate is estimated to be3to4m/103years.

These facts indicate that the activity of the

Shibakawa thrust gradually increases toward

e SW NE e’

0Fuligawa GrouP

200m

50m

ヘロ ペリ

陰ξン・乳。 領。

f W300

Shibakawa   fault

 ぐ 一9『ヲρ/.’

      ρ7・9ろR.Shiba

           4、’

3猫一一一1・・      andesite

♂’40 4

BesSり・gravel一。

0HabunaHills

200

100

R.Shiba

〃.急△

、鴛・ムヘ

、釜グ凸一ム4

Mt.Shirao

   2km

E  f’  300m

Fujigawa.

  Group

SW1 窺㌧△’,ラ

200

Fig.11

        Bessho         graveISShibakawa   fault

andesite Agoyama  fauit

100

Geologic sections across the Shibakawa fault.

e-e’section:The50m of fault displacement on MH surface of50,000yr B.P.is

observed across the Shibakawa fault.

f-f’section:The20m offault displacement on SWI lava flow is observedbetweenthe

two sides of Shibakawa valley・.

Section-lines of e-e’and f-f’correspon(1to those in Fig.6

一621一

Page 20: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

B%ll6!勿z(ゾ 差h6 G60Jo9乞o召l Sz6γzノ(ヨ:y げノ4ゼ)ごz%, ylol。43,ハろo.ヱ0

the north.This characteristics can be inter-

preted as that the Shibakawa fault gradually

inherits the vigorous activity of the Agoyama

fault when they come to each other to the

north o:f Fujinomiya city.

(3)0軌erね出s  我.M&ts撒o f踊亘t:The NWtrending and

SWupthrownMatsunofaultisinferredalongthe River Fuji from the stmctura1(iifference

of Saginota gravels between the Kambara

and Habuna Hills.This fault is interpreted

to be a normal fault which have been forme(1

to comect the two en echelon arrange(1reverse faults,i.e.the Iriyamase and Shiba-

kawa faults,during the Middle Pleistocene

time.But this fault has no evidence of recent

activity.

  む.Nosh亘ta 癒臓st &翻 亘重s 聾or騒e照

ext鎌s亘o髄:A conspicuous scarp,whoseheight excee(1s50m,is recognized at the

eastem margin of the older Fuji mudflowdeposit(Mf一皿)distributed alongthe eastem

flank ofthe Tenshu Mts.Thisscarpseemsto

exten(1southwestward to the Noshita thrust

dividing the Miocene Nishi-YatsushiroGroup and the Pliocene Fujigawa Group in

the Tenshu Mts.area.As the Noshita thrust

shows a sinistral en echelon configuration to

the Shibakawa thrust,the activity of the

Shibakawa thmst seems to transfer to the

northern extension of the Noshita thrust.

 4.4Geo亘09童ca丑翫量story蹴df蹴亙t腿ove・      me通

  In Pliocene time,the area of the Hamaishi-

dake and Tenshu Mts.was a part of ancient

subsiding Suruga trough where FujigawaGroup,consisting of thick coarse clastics

derived from northem mountains,has beendeposited.

 During the early Pleistocene,the west-

upthrown Iriyama and Shibakawa thrusts

have commenced their motion to divide the

se(1imentary basin of the Fujigawa Group。

The west side of the thrust,i.e.the Hamaishi-

dake and Tenshu Mts。,was uplifted gradu-

ally and the axis of subsidence has shifte(i to

the east of the thrust.The Kambara con一

glomerate has accumulated in this new sub-

sid.ing basin and was soon after covered.by

the Iwabuchi andesite. During the active

stage of this volcano,the subsidence in the

present Kambara Hills area has gradually

decreased and thesubsi(1ing center hasmoved

northward resulting in the accumulation of

the Bessho gravels in the area of Hlabuna and

Hoshiyama Hills.This migration is consid-

ered to correspond with the development of

the Iriyamase fault.

  In the middle Pleistocene,the subsidence in

the Habma and Hoshiyama Hills areabecame less intense,an(i subsequently the

area has gra(lually change(1into the uplifting

area.Then,theAgoyama,Omiya andMatsu-no faults commenced their activity,result-

ing in the eastward migration of the subsid-

ing center toward the Fuji-Fujinomiya low-

land.About O.5to O.4Ma,the alluvial fan of

the River Fuji spread over the Kambara and

Habuna Hills area to deposit the Saginota

gravels.The s亡bsequent uplifting of Kamba-

ra Hills has left the Saginota gravels on the

hills as terrace deposits. As the Saginota

gravels in the Habuna Hills have not under-

gone strong uplift,it seems that the uplift of

Habma and Hoshiyama Hills commencedlate,compared to that of Kambara Hills.

The tectonic inversion in Kambara Hills

from subsidence to uplift has tumed the char-

acter of Iriyama thrust from a major fault

between the uplifting and subsi(1ing blocks to

a fault representing the relative slip between

the both uplifting blocks.As a result of this

change,the Iriyama thmst has decreased its

activity.

  During the late Middle Pleistocene to the

early Late Pleistocene,the Iriyamase,Omiya

and Agoyama faults have acted as the bound-

ary faults between the upliftinghilly land and

subsiding lowland.Consequently,the Kam-

bara Hills has become a(1issected hilly lan(1

due to uplifting and erosion.

  On the other hand,the accumulation and

erosion of the upPer Quaternary have been

repeate(1in the Habuna an(1Hoshiyama Hills

where uplifting has been delayed as compar一

一622一

Page 21: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T80診oη乞os ごzlo%g 渉h8η07渉h8ηzηzごz堰づ% げ12z6Pのz2%s%16z但.yヒzηzごz2ご漉の

ed with the Kambara Hills.At this time,the

Matsuno faulthad alreadyceasedits activity.

  Although the Southem Shibakawa faulthas decreased its slip rate due to the develoP-

ment of the Agoyama fault,the northem

Shibakawa fault has maintained relativelyhigh slip-rate because no active fault has

appeared to the east of the Shibakawa fault.

  The o1(1er Fuji volcano started its activity

ca.80,000years ago.Since then mudflow

deposits from this volcano have filled the

subsi(iing area to the east of the Iriyamase,

Omiya and Agoyama faults,and frequently

overflowe(i into the Habma an(1Hoshiyama

Hills where the strong uplift had alreadystarted..

  About50,000yFears ago,the Habuna Hills

completely emerged and the broad Mf-I sur-

face was forme(10n the hills.In and aroun(i

the Hoshiyama Hills,the River Fuji intensely

incised its chamel associated with the uplift-

ing and northward tilting of the hills.Head-

erosions from the valley of River Fuji devel-

oped some tributaries northward in the hills.

Before long,these tributaries exten(ie(i to

Fujinomiya lowlan(1,traversing the Ho-

shiyama Hills.Consequently the tributaries

captured the upper reaches of the river which

had flown to the southeast in southwestem

foot of the older Fuji volcano.Then mud-

flows and Iavas from the volcano filled the

narrow valleys in the hills again.

  When the hills uplifted by the recurrent

fault movement,these valley floors remained

as flat surfaces in the hills. Subsequent head

erosions from the River Fuji extended to

Fujinomiya and cause(1stream piracy once

more.As a result of these processes,i.e.

uplifting,head erosion,stream capture,valley

fill an(i uplifting,a flight of terraces (ieve1-

oped on the Hoshiyama Hills during latePleistocene time.

  Thus,geological and geomorphologicalstu(1ies in the region to the north of Suruga

Bay reveal that the NF-S trending tectonic

landform has been formed by the eastwar(i

migration of faulting an(1subsiding since the

Pliocene.

5.ACT亙VE EAULTS亙N THE SOUTH・   ERN MARGIN O量THE TANZAWA   MOUNTA亙NS

 The area of the southem margin of the

Tanzawa Mts.is divided into two portions,i.

e.,westem part and eastem part,(1ue to the

difference o:f topographical configuration.

 In the westem part,as shown in Fig.12,the

steep Tanzawa Mts.ranging in altitude from

1,500mto800mcontact(1irectlywiththeAshigara Mts.(less than1,000m high)and

Hakone volcano. No obvious depressiondevelops between two mountains except the

westem extreme of the area where a small

dissected hilly land is situated.While,in the

eastem part,the Tanzawa Mts.bounds onAshigara plain with steep slope facing south.

This topographical distinction between the

west and east part seems to reflect the char-

acteristic of tectonic evolution.

 5.1 Geology a醜dl c「腿s意&旦move贈e璽意a丑o遡9

     儘eweste膿腿rto量蝕esO鵬恥e膿     marg五聾oftheT撒z&waMts.(1) 0臆tli聾e of geology an岨to基)ogr瑚)地y

 a.丁躍zawa Mo撒ta亘薦:The TanzawaMts.consist mainly of volcanic rocks of the

Miocene Tanzawa Group(Mikami,1958)which is bounded on the south by the N-E

trending Kamawa fault system(Matsushima

&Imanaga,1968).Recent studies(Amano,

198611shibashi,1986a,etc.)in(iicate that the

Tanzawa Group was originated as a mass of

volcanics constituting a ridge on Izu-Ogasa-

wara arc far south,which approached the

Japanese Islands following the northwardmigration of the PHS plate and finally collid.

ed with Honshu at about5to6Ma(earlyPliocene).In late Pliocene,a new subduction

zone occurred along the southern margin o:f

the Tanzawa area due to the northward shift

of Izu block which also belonged to an off-

shore volcanic ri(ige on the Izu-Ogasawara

arc.Consequently,the uplifting of the Tan-

zawa Mts.was initiated and the Ashigara

Group accumulated in the subsiding(1epres-

sion(trough)betweenthe Tanzawa Mts.and

一623一

Page 22: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

β%lJ(訪勿z(ゾ 孟h(2θ60109づαzl Sz67∂6ツ (ゾノ41)6z%, Vbl.43,.〈石o.ヱ0

2

籔9

G

》   7

Gotenba

Fig.!2

難…………1………1………1曝欝

0

   1、屡、箭渇、,髪,

Mlshima f,旧,,「”

 0

Mt.HAKONE       遡

勘難σ

\、

          Kozu

ノミげ     ぬ   ロ

   Odawara

SAGAMI   B細

癒    O

Atami

10km

Geological sketch and locality index map of the southem margin of the Tanzawa Mts。

and the Ashigara Plain-Oiso Hills area.

The oblique stripes,fine dots and coarse dots indicate the area of the Neogene Tertiary,

the Plio-Pleistocene Ashigara group and late Quatemary sedimentsrespectively.Fault二

L Kannawa fault system,2。Kozu-Matsuda fault,3.Shibusawa fault.

Izu block.

 In the early Pleistocene,the upheaval of

Tanzawa Mts.was accelerated by the colli-

sion and subsequent accretion o:f Izu block

toward Honshu. The exposure of theNeogene metamorphic rocks in the central

part of the Tanzawa Mts.indicates that the

this range has been subjected to intense

uplifting and denuding during Quaternary(Matsuda,1978).The uplifting rate is esti-

mated to be3to4m/103years by Kaizuka(1987).Thus,the Tanzawa Mts.has experi-

enced continuous upheava1(iue to the colli-

sion-accretion  tectonics at the northern

extreme of the PHS plate during the late

Pliocene to Quaternary.

  b. The As瞳gara M重s.蹴d亘ts醐jace虚

&rea=The topography to the south of the

Kamawa fault system consists of theAshigara Mts.,Hakone volcano and the hilly

land in the northwestem extreme of the area.

The Ashigara Mts.are composed ofthe Plio-

Pleistocene Ashigara Group. The deepgorges an(1steep slopes in the mountains

indicate that this area has experience(1

intense  uplift and  denudation  process

together with that of the Tanzawa Mts。due

to continuous upheaval during the middle to

late Quatemary.  The Ashigara Group is composed of coarse

and thick clastics from the Tanzawa Mts.,

having accumulated in a paleo-trough locat-

ed between Honshu and Izu block associate(1

with the plate subduction.The total thick-

ness amounts to1,000m.

  Since the1980ヲs,many much attention has

一624一

Page 23: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T60ホo%∫os ごzlo多z9 孟h6 %07孟h6ηz%zごz篁~勿z(ゾ12z6P6%勿zsz4ごzσ烹.y4ηzごz2ご漉の

been paid to the stratigraphy,structure and

evolutionary process of the Ashigara Group,

because this group has recorded tぬe bulk of

evi(ience on the c』011ision o:f Izu block an(i the

subsequent upheaval of the Tanzawa Mts.

(Amanoαα1.,19861Huchon&Kitazato,1984,etc).Consequently,the Ashigara Group

was divided into four formations and their

Sedimentary ageS were eStimated tO range

from the late Pliocene to the early Middle

Pleistocene based on the yields of Rz名とz-

s孟6go40%側zo名α6,assemblage of molluscan

shells, foraminiferal biostratigraphy  an(i

paleomagnetic stratigraphy.

  The Ashigara Group shows a dome-1ike

structure dippingto NWandNE.Moreover,this group has been subjected to large defor-

mation by faulting. For instance,the dips

gra(1ually increase towar(1the northwest by

the drag deformation associated with the

thmsting of Kannawa fault system(Amano6砲1.,1986).

  The hilly lan(i to the northwest of the

Ashigara Mts.,where the geology is com-

posed of the Suruga gravels in late Pleis-

tocene and overlying late Pleistocene tephras,

is also well dissected.The accumulation(as

muchas100minthicknessofcobble-richfacies) of the Suruga gravels in(1icate that

this formation was originally fluvial sedi-

ments derived from the Tanzawa Mts.andfilled a relative depression between the Tan-

zawa and Ashigara Mts.

  Referring to the origin of the accumulation

of the Sumga gravels,Machida6短1.(1975)

in:ferred that the gravels have been(ieposited

in a relative depression formed by the growth

of volcanic cone of Older Fuji volcano.Kano

α召1.(1984)suggested that some of the lat-

eral slip faults,obliquelyF cut the Kannawa

thrust,have also participate(i in the(ievelop-

ment of that depression.The dissected Sum-

ga gravels indicate that the area has under-

gone intense uplift during Late Quatemary

time.

  Thus,the Pliocene to early Pleistocene

sedimentary basin of the Ashigara Group

along the westem part of the southem mar一

gin of the Tanzawa Mts.gradually tumed

into an upheaval area since after the begin-

ning of the Middle Pleistocene(0.7Ma).

Consequently,the upheaval of this area has

promoted extensive denu(iation to form the

steep mountains an(1the hilly land.

(2)・Activ童亡y o£the K継醜awa f躁亘意system

  The Kamawa fault system divi(1ing the

Tanzawa Group and the Ashigara Group runs

along the southem margin of the Tanzawa

Mts.Hitherto,this system was thought to be

a north-dipping thmst (Kannawa fault)

because the northem block is upthrown and

the trace is winding (Matsushima &Imanaga,1968).But recently,it is presumed

that the Kamawa fault is a fault system

compounded by E-W trending thrusts and

NW and NE trending strike-slip faults

(Kano6渉α1.,1979).After this,the author

calls the E-Wtrending thrust as the Kan-

nawa thmst,and names the composite fault

system including the thrust and lateral slip

faults as the Kamawa fault system.Machida

αα1.(1975)recognized that the Kannawa

thrust has continued its thrust movement at a

rate of l m/103years since begiming of the

Late Quaternary base(10n the vertical(1is-

placement of Suruga gravels as much as100

mbytworeversefaults(KsandKnfaults)branched from the Kamawa thrust.  On the other han(i, Kano α α1. (1979)

pointed out that the Ks fault was not a thrust

but a NE trending strike-slip fault offsetting

the Kamawa thrust.Furthermore,they sug-

gested that the E-W trending Kannawathrust of the Kamawa、fault system has com-

pletely ceased its activity in the late Quater-

nary(ltoαα1.,1986).But the author does

not agree with the above opinions because

there are several south facing steep slopes as

much as100m high,which are likelyto be the

fault scarp representing the recent activity

along the Kannawa thrust.

  The above mentioned data derive the fo1-

10wing history on the movement of the Kan-

nawa fault system.During the sedimentation

of the Ashigara Group in Pliocene to early

Pleistocene time,the Kannawa thmst was

一625一

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Bz61」6渉♂% (~プ 孟h6 G60109ぢαzl Sz67〃6=ソ (ゾノ41)召%, Vbl。43,〈石o.ヱ0

vigorous as a bom(1ary fault between the

uplifting Tanzawa Mts.and subsiding sedi-

mentary basin. But the Kamawa thrustgradually diminished its activity because the

se(1imentary basin of Ashigara Group tumed

into an uplifting area(iue to the progress of

the Izu collision in the mid(lle Pleistocene.

Ito6オσ1.(1986)pointed out that the NE and

NW trending strike-slip faults offsetting the

Kannawa thrust initiated its activity at that

age.The reason for the commencement ofthe strike-slip faulting oblique to the thrust is

ascribed to the decrease of fault mobility on

the Kannawa thrust,which is cause(1by the

intensi:fication of crustal shortening of the

Ashigara Group and steepening of the fault

plane associated with the Izu collision.

  Ito6オα1.(1987)conclu(led that the activity

of the Kamawa fault system has also wea-

kened since the early Late Pleistocene based

on an outcrop data of the NE trending Hira-

yama fault(Amanoαα1.,1984).However,

the author disagrees with this thought

because the faulting (1ata from an outcroP

camot represent the whole tectonic move.

ment on the Kamawa fault system.

  5。2 Geo且ogy&恥〔丑cr覗sta丑moveme聾t a亙o血9

     意恥e easter醜  憂亘a,且£ 0£ 重he sO眼t地ern

     m麗g童盟of臨eT膿zaw我瞭s.  Along the southeastem margin of the Tan-

zawa Mts.,there is a strip of the Matsuda

Mts.which is a fault-bounded and flat-

topped block:consists of the Ashigara Group

and Quatemary sediments.The mountainsare in fault contact with the subsidingAshigara Plain on the south and the uplifting

Tanzawa Mts.on the north.As illustrated in

Fig12,the two faults bounding both rims of

the Matsuda Mts.correspond to the north-

westem extensionoftheKozu-Matsuda faultand the eastem part of the Kannawa fault

system respectively.The southem margin of

the Matsuda Mts.is fringed with an area500

mtolkmwideofdissectedfoothills100to300m high.This narrow foothills comprises

mainly middle to late Quatemary sediments.

The geological history of this foothills wi11

describe the intense crustal deformationalong the active faults during the late Pleis-

tocene and Holocene.

(1) Str我tigraphy an{董geological struet覗re

    O墨the footh童llS

 The geology of the narrow hills on the

southemfoot ofthe Matsuda Mts.consists of

the middle to upper Pleistocene clastics un-

conformably overlying the Pliocene Ashigara

Group.The stratigraphy of the foot hills is as

follows.

  a.Ash置gara Gro囎:The Pliocene Neishi

Formation of Ashigara Group unconformably

underlying the Pleistocene sediments consists

mainly of altemating beds of sandstone and

siltstone,andesitic lava and volcano-clastics.

This formation strikes nearly NW-SE and

dips、40 tg 50 northeast・ Consequently,the

younger and gravel rich formations ofAshigara Group appear in the Matsuda Mts.

to the north.These formations were mainsource of the coarse talus deposits in the hills.

  め.M量雌eto肱teP旦eistoce盟ede脚S亘ts:

These Pleistocene deposits are composed of

the fluvial sediments of the River Sakawa,

mudflow deposits from Hakone volcano,

talus deposits from Matsuda Mts.and some

pile of tephra layers from Hakone and Fuji

volcano(Fig.13).Table3summarizes thestratigraphy of this area and the facies of

eachlayer.

  The Kananzawa gravels (Yamazaki&Machida,1981)consist of pyroclastic flows,

air-fall tephras,mudflow layers from Ha-

kone volcano an(1the fluvial se(iiments of the

River Sakawa in the late Middle Pleistocene.

As shown in Fig.13,the Pleistocene sedi-

ments in the hills has mdergone the strong

shortening to form a foldstructure with NW

trending axial plane.

  Kananzawa loam(Yamazaki&Machida,1981),overlying the Kananzawa gravels,is a

pile of tephra layers including some pumice

falls from Hakone volcano in the early Late

Pleistocene(0.12Ma).This loam is overlain

mconformably by the Matsuda gravels.

  The Matsuda gravels(Yamazaki&Ma-chida,1981) are a sequence of coarse talus

一626一

Page 25: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T60ホoアz廊s ごzJo7zg 孟h8 多zo7孟h6ηz 照zα惚ぢ% oゾ’ノ2%P6%勿zsz払α 侃. yとz彫αβ4ゐの

ロ01-1

一1 「

「一1一¥

魯⊥り暢聖!……」」」」一L……i圭i≡i圭i圭i圭i三i≡i≡i≡i≡離i圭i鑑i≡i≡i≡i≡ili≡曲圭i≡i≡i圭ili圭ili圭i≡lli圭i圭i二i圭i圭ili圭i=i鑑i圭i:i!一i」一『 し1⊥1⊥1⊥1.

l l l l l蓼『.凌JJ_IJ_LI」J⊥1-1⊥1一L

ヨ=1’久一1・出=1=1=!・ぐ一”一・、・!・IJ 『 1 0 I l I l l l I LI

I I I I I I I I

l l l l I I l LILLLIロロHIIH1に日IIIHUl811口1凸H8UlrHiIllコ貞r-H-11㍉1-lrl工IrUrロー1

\愚・ B

500輪 1睡 2麗ヨ

               ヘノノ ヤTδmeihighwαy臼∵‘蓮一’一’

0

   《《α骨sudαT.

3翻 4匿ヨ

     Nort

 集MatsudaF

5圏 6園

萎馨萎

Fig.13 Detailed geologic map of the hilly area in the southem foot of the Matsuda Mts。

Locality is shown in Fig.12

Legend1:Ashigara group,2:Kananzawa gravels,3:Kananzawa loam,4:Matsudagravels,5:Pyroclastic flow(1eposit,6:Fuji tephra Iayers

Black arrows show the direction of the North Matsuda fault and the Matsuda-sanroku

fault(MSF).Section lines A-A’to C-C’correspond to those in Fig.14

Table3 Stratigraphy of the hilly area in the southem foot of the Matsuda Mts.

Yamazaki6オσ1.,1982).

(after

Facies Features Age

Hol ene Scoria ash fall Stratified魁1 A丘er30,000yrago

o罵

   F両iTephras

UpPerMats臆dagravel Talusdeposits B祀ccia(1erived丘om 30,000一一 A血gara group 50,000yrB.P.

血the Matsuda Mts.

Cmss-beddedAWtypetephras鵬intercalated

o Hakoneyounger Black-graycolored TP飢1(1minthic㎞ess) c&50,000yrB。P.qの

pyroclas丘cflow Pumice flow underlies the flow

QO

o(Tpnow)

一の 宅お霞

℃●自

LowerMatsuda   gravelS

 Talusdeposits(Blecciaandloam)

B1㏄cia derived丘om  A曲匝gara gmup

ca.50,000-80,000yrB,P.

o ill theMatsuda Mts.一d

■ Kananzawaloam A廿剣ltephra Pumice咄s(KIP6-14) ca。120,000yrB。P。

銚一鵠

mainly加mHakoneVolcano     飢e血tercalated

Last血ter-

glaci謡peh(x1

Kananzawagravels Huvial sedtments Boulder-hchgravels ca.130,000一

Mud∬owdeposits oftheSakawaRiver, 200,000yrBP。Middle Aadesi丘c mud田ow

Pleistocene P皿丘cenow,aεhinMiddlePleistocene

  andPm丘ceflow丘Dm H欲one Volcano

一627一

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βz〆16蕗薙 (ゾ 孟h6 G8010916αl Sz67∂6:y げノ41)ごz%, Vbl.43,.〈石o.10

deposits derived from the conglomerate of

Ashigara Group in the Matsuda Mts.The

gravels contain several intercalated key te-

phras such as Pm-I pumice of O.08Ma from

central Japan and the Younger Pyroclastic

Flow of Hakone volcano(TP flow)of O.05

Ma,and underlie the scoria ash from Fuji

volcano.The age of the gravels is estimated

to be middle to late Late Pleistocene time.

(2)Fa磁movementa亘o聾gthesouthem    foot of Ma重s題〔丑a、Mts.

  The sedimentary sequence of the southem

foothills of Matsuda Mts.shows two major

turning Points on the tectonics in this area.

One is the begiming of the accumulation of

Matsuda gravels in the early LatePleistocene.This rapid increase of the sedi-

mentary supply implies the accelerated up-

heaval of the Matsuda Mts.,associated with

the activation of the fault(Matsuda-sanroku

fault l Yamazaki&Machida,1981)alongthe

southem margin of the Matsuda Mts.

  The other is the end of the accumulation of

the Matsuda gravels.Since then,the south-

em flank of the Matsuda Mts.has been ter-

raced to form the foothills.This also sug-

gests a weakening of the activity of the

Matsuda-sanroku fault and the onset of the

new faulting(North Matsuda fault:Yama-

zaki&Machida,1981)along the presentmargin of the foothills. Accor(iingly,the

fault scarp rapidly developed during the late

Late Pleistocene to Holocene at the southem

margin of the foothills.The eastem exten-

sion of this fault scarp seems to continue to

thenorthemtrace oftheKozu-Matsudafaultmentioned later.

  Figures13and14illustrate that the foot.

hills area has undergone a short wave-1ength

folding with NW axis associated with the

activity of the North Matsuda fault.This

folding accompanies several reverse faults

with same strike to the fold axis. The

arrangement of these structures suggeststhat

                め 

A 。,帆,.,,三二∫.㌧1緩1:擁

暴撃・\Ma,Sud、

                   、graveIS\

  典          Kananzawa

             [oam\

          B                  ρ く〉                    ク                  むゆゆ    Nor†h       。・。23

              〆糠パ

    ・…、4嚢≧

二護、撚罪   ・蓼一ρ㌧z桜蘇・,

弩’㌘、鴛薦織1’汐’

.認編・三・、㍗・マ1:1’1マ・9・ギ弼灘

簑無,熱戯≧講隅

。  懸唱 .鑓   tワ ロロ   つ  ま  ッDOP ρρ’σ一G

100

麟鷲誤欝

リ ロ くン    ひ  ゅ  ロゆ

・D。  Kananzawa

B’

  Ashigara150 Group,川1川川IIl

200m

Tc Ioam

一25・ノ

  稀

Matsuda  fauI

O

grave!S

  c TP flow

,診.9・’!.9≦←’~』o,’r 150

200

300m

郷色ノ~ソ≧砲マぐζ一蔑考!

ノ’)狸’多

、秩肺《

100

l/ヤ

Fig.14 N-S geologic cross sections of the hilly area in the southem foot of the Matsuda Mts.

Sections A-A’to C-C’correspond to those in Fig。13.

一628一

Page 27: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T60渉o耽s召lo%9孟h碑o席h翻耀顧銘げ伽P召痂s吻侭,y魏σ9剃

the North Matsuda faulthas a leftlateralslip

component as well as N upthrown.From this

sense of the fault movement and E-W strike

of the fault,the stress field in this area is

estimated to be NE compression during Late

Pleistocene to Holocene time. Northeast

compression is also pointed out from the

micro stmctures developed in the Ashigara

Group.That is,Huchon&Kitazato(1983)inferred that the stress field in the Matsuda

Mts.area shiftedfrom a NWcompressionto

a NNE at about O.3Ma,based on the minor

faults analysis of the Ashigara Group.

  However,the orientation of stress field

derived from the geological evidence(1iscords

withthe expected NWcompressionfrom theplate motion of the PHS.This fact suggests

that the complicated local cmstal movement

including the rotation of large block has

occurre(1along the plate convergence bound-

ary during the late Quatemary.

 5.3  Character亘s髄cs o蛋tぬe crust&l move-

     menta互0醜gt恥esO鵬he騰marg量聾0£

     蝕e T癩zawa Mts.

  Along the southem margin of thepersistently uplifting Tanzawa Mts.,the

style of cmstal movement shows a spatiaI

(1ifference between the eastem and westem

parts.In the westem part,the se(1imentary

basin of the Ashigara Group has been exten-

sively uplifted since the Middle Pleistocene.

No subsi(ience has occurred except on the

westem extreme where the fluvial deposits

accumulated in the small basin formed by

local tectonics or environmental change.

  During the Middle Pleistocene,the activity

of the E-W trending Kamawa thrust dimini-

shed,andNEandNWtrendingfaultsconcur-rently initiated the strike-slip movement.

The indistinctness of the topographical

boundary between the Tanzawa and Ashiga-

raMts.is ascribedtothisdiminishingvertical

movement since the Middle Pleistocene.

  On the other hand,the E-W trending fault

has created a salient topographical boundary

between the Tanzawa Mts.and the Ashigara

Plain in the eastem part.The characteristics

of faulting in this area is the migration of

fault movement toward the south with time

and the associated uplift in the backward

area of the active fault.These characteris-

tics are very similar to the ones in the south-

westem foot of Mt.Fuji described in chapter

4,though the time scale and magnitude of the

movement in this area are a much lesser

(1egree than in Fuji area.

  The spatia1(east-west)difference of the

tectonic features along the southern margin

of Tanzawa Mts.might be ascribed to the

difference of relative distances from the

northem tip of Izu block where the PHS

co皿des with the EUR.That is,the westem

part of the Tanzawa margin,10cated on the

north to northwest of Izu Peninsula,is

thought to be the plate collision area.The

extensive upheaval of the Tanzawa and the

Ashigara Mts.might be caused by the inten-

sive crustal shortening and uplift,1ike a pres-

sure ridge,due to the collision of Izu block

which camot subduct under Honshu.

  In the eastem part,there are some tectonic

features such as the salient topographical

boundary between the Tanzawa Mts.andAshigara Plain,and the migration of fault

movement. The existence of a subsiding

depression,the Ashigara Plain,perhaps indi-

cates that the crustal shortening of the east-

ern part is less a(ivanced than that of the

westem part due to the endurance of plate

subduction despite the apProach of Izu block.

  Although the migration of fault movement

shows a similar pattem to that of the south-

westem foot area of Mt.Fuji,there are con-

spicuous differences between two areas for

the occurrence interval of migration events.

As previously mentioned,the Tanzawa and

Ashigara Mts.areas are thought to be the

plate collision zone during the Quaternary

period.

  Therefore,the shorter interval for the fault

migration in the eastern Tanzawa area as

compared to that of Mt.Fuji area suggests

that the interval relates to the rate of crustal

shortening and the convergent style between

twO Plates.

一629一

 

鷺懸鰯

Page 28: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

Bz61」6ガn (~ブ 凌h6 G召oJo9♂αzl Sz67z76ッ (ゾノ41)α%, Vlol.43,1〉o。10

6.ACT亘VE FAULTS AND TECTONICS   IN T翻E ASH亙GARA P:LAIN-OISO   H亘LLS AREAS

 6.1  0盟t亘量聡e

 In the northem extension of Sagamitrough,which is generally believed to be the

plate convergence boundary between thePHS and EUR,there are several topographi-

cal provinces such as the Oiso Hills,the

Ashigara Plain,Hakone volcano and theTanzawa Mts.in northem extreme(Figs.2

an(i12). The Oiso Hills,an uplifte(1block

surroun(ied by several active faults,is located

in the northwestem extension of Okinoyama

banks,which extended aIong the northeast-

ern side of Sagami trough,and is thought to

be a part of a tectonic zone cause(i by the

vigorous crustal movement associated with

the plate convergence(Kaneko,1971). At

the northwestem extension of trough axis,

there is the subsiding Ashigara Plain(Ashigara depression)on the west of the

Oiso Hills,which is thought to have been the

extension of Sagami trough filled with the

thick deposits(1erived from the Tanzawa

Mts.The NW tending Kozu-Matsuda fault

rms between the Oiso Hills and the Ashigara

Plain forming the distinct fault scarp of300

m high.

 6.2  Geology and cr腿sta旦 moveme盟t 畳n

     O量so Hills蹴αAs聴g躍a Pl&i聖

(1)Oiso照1且S

 The geology of the Oiso Hills consists of

marine and fluvial sediments and air fall

tephras,which were (1eposited since the

beginning of Middle Pleistocene underlain by

the Neogene-Tertiary.The geological struc-

ture of the hills is characterized by a basin

stmcture with an anticlinal axis along the

westem margin of the hills and a depression

at the central part(Uesugi,1986).With

reference to the tectonic evolution of the

hills,the Association of Kanto QuatemaryResearch(A.K.Q.R.)(1980)pointe(i out that

the tectonic movement change(i from subsi-

dence to upheaval during Middle Pleistocene

time.

  a. Pre-Quatern鑓y rocks:The pre

-Quatemary rocks whose outcrops areboun(ie(1by faults are distribute(i in several

parts,especially in the northwestem part of

the hills(Fig.15). These rocks consist of

altemating Miocene volcanics,mudstone and

Pliocene conglomerate(Otuka,192910taαα1.,198211to,1985).

  蝕.Q舩te膿麗y sed匡me艶ts:The Quatemary

sediments in the Oiso Hills consist mainly

of the middle Pleistocene Ninomiya Forma-

tion,middle Pleistocene to Holocene marine

and fluvial sediments and an overlying thick

tephra sequence from several volcanoes to

the west.With reference to these tephras,

Machida α α1.(1974)established the

chronology of tephra,marine an(1fluvial

sediments since the Middle Pleistocene(Table4).

  The underlying Ninomiya Formationwhich outcrops in the southem part of the

hills consists mainly of sand an(i mud layers,

total thickness of which amounts to200m.

The age of this group is estimated to be the

early Middle Pleistocene because theMatuyama-Brunhes magnetic boundary(0.7

Ma)is fomd at the lowest part of the

Ninomiya Formation(Koyamaαgl.,19861Honnla (3渉ごzl.,1985). On the basis of ben-

thonic foraminifera,Yano(1986)estimated a

shallow sea(less than a few hundred meters

in depth)was the sedimentary environment

of the Ninomiya Formation.The relatively

small thickness of the Ninomiya Group indi-

cates that this group is a non-basin fill sedi-

ment accumulated in the exteriors of the

subsi(iing area.

  The Quatemary sediments inthe Oiso Hills

contain8units of marine and fluvial terrace

sequence,namely the T-f,T-e,T-d,T-c,

T-b,T-a,K and H formation in order of

decreasing age(Table4),and basin fill sedi-

ments of the Sogayama formation in the

Middle Pleistocene.The age of each terrace

deposit is estimatedtobe O.5Ma,0.4Ma,0.35

Ma,0.28Ma,0.23Ma,0.18Ma,0.13Ma and

O.06Marespectivelybasedonthestratigraphic

一630一

Page 29: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T60渉o競s召Jo箆9孟h6ηoπh備解α忽初げ1勿P6痂s%乙α侃.蹄耀罐の

備簸  Hadano   Basin

5  2

蝿:蟻

麟翻’Fe

’Fd

31

2

34

ゑ5下b

_,総瞬 6

下a     7

 K  8

が日ノ9

・・………iii籔ゑ

Ashigara

   Plain

下蝋”驚転

1霞K。

0

   H

護.  ’

灘,

  Ni

Sagami Bay

m

Fig.15 Map showing the distribution of pre-Quatemary rocks,faults and marine terrace

strandlines in and around the Oiso Hills(after A.K.Q.R.,1987).

Legend:1.Miocene Tanzawa Group,2.Plio-PleistoceneAshigara Group,3-9。Strandlines

of the T-e to H marine terraces.

Fault number l LKozu-Matsuda fault,2.Shibusawa fault,3.North Matsuda fault,4.

Kannawa fault system,5。Kawaotagawa fault,6.Hadano fault,7.lsehara fault,8.Komu-

kai fault,9.Ikusawa tectonic line.

relation with the dated tephras(Machida6渉

α1.,1974,Machida,1975,A.K.Q.R.,1987).

 The Oiso Hills can be(1ivided into the

following four areas,due to the inequality of

crustal movement in the Oiso Hills.

 In the northern area of the Oiso H:ills,the

T-f to K fQrmations of terrace(1eposits,

composed of sand beds and gravels less than

a few tens of meters in thickness,show accu-

mulative tilting toward the east.Accordingly,the older formations are we11

exposed in thewest part ofthe area.Most・of

the formations are intercalated with the air

fall tephras towar(i the east.The altemated

sedimentary an(i eolian(1eposits in this area

indicate that the eastwar(1tilting occurred

since after the accumulation of T-D tephra

formation(0.4Ma).

  The westem area of the Oiso Hi11s is under一

1ain by the middle Pleistocene:Ninomiya and

Sogayama Formations and terrace deposits

younger than T-c formation.The Sogayama

Formation which constitutes the Sogayama

upheaval block,occurs along the westem and

southwestem margin of the Oiso Hills.This

formation consists of mud layers inthe lower-

most part and pebble to cobble size uncon-

solidatedgravelsabout500minthickness.Hitherto,the correlation of the Sogayama

formation in the stratigraphic sequence were

not confirmed because of various opinions on

its age(Kojima,19541Kikuchi&A.K.Q.R.,

19771Yano,1986).

 Recently,a glassy ash layer which can

presumably be correlated to the Handa tuff

in the upper most Osaka Group,in south west

Japan was(1iscovered at the lower part of the

Sogayama formation(Mizuno&Kikkawa,

一631一

Page 30: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

B%ll6蕗n (ゾ オh6 (360109ぎo召l S%7∂6:y (Zプノ41)α%, Vlo乙 43,No。10

Table4 Chrono-stratigraphy of tephras in the Oiso Hills and its relationship to the geomor・

phological surfaces and the terrace deposits.After Machida6砲1.(1974)and A.K.Q・

R.(1987).

Age 羅辞transgr  regr

←一炉Surface       「k)rrace depo.  Mqrine sed。

×104y

  10

  20

 30『

  40

  50

Tc軒の9 一坐Ω一Φ一〇」

「:r皿    r   I H

     M2    一

S Ksurface

Φ⊆Φoo彰の■ 隔Φ一ユΦ一でP:Σ

Φ一〇陶Φ

   u

T-Am   I

盈 「臨tion K  幽下aI 聴uchiya

T-B π下b Akisawa   uT-C   l 一    T・CU

    一下cl

Sogayamq

   uT-D   l

   下du  「颪「一

  一下dI

丁一E下e

uP∈

丁一F

応F一

1991).As the Handa tuff has already been

recognized in the middle part of the T-D

tephra formation of the Oiso Hills(Uesugi,α

α1.,1985),the age of Sogayama Formation is

estimated to be the age of T-E to T-D tephra

formation.

 The similarity of lithofacies and thickness

of the Sogayama Formation to that of the

Bessho gravels in the southwestem foot of

Mt.Fuji indicates that this formation was a

subma血e basin fill sediment accumulated in

the subsided trough close to the coast.The

deposition of Sogayama Formation implies

the occurrence of the NW trending subsided

trough in the westem part of present Oiso

Hills during middle Middle Pleistocene time.

As the deformed Sogayama Formation isunconformably covered by the less(1eformed

T-c terrace deposits,the subsiding movement

in this area is estimated to have tumed into

upheaval before the accumulation of T-c

formation(about O.3Ma).

 The Quatemary geology of the southem

area contains the Kuzukawa(Hamkawa6!α1.,1977),Akisawa,Tsuchiya(Kikuchi&A.

K.Q.R.,1977),K and H formations overlying

the Ninomiya Formation.The first three

formations correspond to the Sogayama,T-c

to T-b,and T-a formations respectively.

Each of these formations consists of marine

sand and mu(11ayers intercalating with thin

gravel strata.  The thickness of each

formation is less than100m.The K(Kis-

sawa)formation is the transgressive sedi-

ments of the last inter-glacia1(0.13Ma).

The H formation is the marine terrace sedi-

ments formed by the post glacial transgres-

sion.The depositional surface of this forma-

tion is called the Nakamurahara surface

(Yonekura6齢1.,1968),emerged6,300years

ago.The top of marine sediments is at an

altitudeofabout20malongthesouthemcoast of the Oiso Hills.The mean uplift rate

in the southern area of the Oiso Hi11s is

一632一

Page 31: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T60孟o吻sα1・%8云h6%07渉h67n耀顧銘oゾ伽P6伽s%」α侭y魏膨切

calculated to be about3m/103years.

 Therefore the gentle subsidence continued

through the Middle Pleistocene age and this

area was frequently inundated with sea water

at high sea-1evel stages.The change from

subsidence to upheaval might have occurre(i

since after the last interglacial period ih the

southem area.Machida&Moriyama(1968)pointed out that the upheaval of the Oiso

Hills became active in the.recent geological

time,based on the elevation ratio of K to H

terraces.The recent increase of uplifting is

in goo(1agreement with the above estimation.

  In the eastern area,the last interglacial K

formation composed of sand and pebblelayers extensively distribute(i to fringe the

protruding Pre-Quatemary rocks.As mostof Quaternary se(iiments un(ierlie the K for-

mation(Oka6渉α1.,1979),it seems that the

subsiding in this area had exceed before the

accumulation of the K formation.This fact

also suggests that the tectonic inversion oc-

curred from subsidence to upheaval in the

beginning of Late Pleistocene.

  The following tectonic evolution of the

Oiso Hills is deduced from the geological

data mentioned above.

  The Oiso Hills was subjecte(1to slight

subsidence during the early MiddlePleistocene(0.7to O.5Ma).About O。5Ma,

the NE tren(iing(iepression occurred in the

northem and westem areas of the hills to

deposit the thick Sogayama Formation.Butthe stable tectonic condition was still continu-

ing in the southem and eastem areas.The

Sogayama Formation accumulate(1mainly in

the westem area of the hills. The crustal

movement of the northem area,where subsi-

dence was originally not intense,gradually

changed into upheaval an(i cause(i the east-

ward tilting.

  About O.3Ma,the crustal movement in the

westem area converted from the intense sub-

sidence to upheaval and consequently the

Oiso Hills tilted towar(i east.Although the

slight subsidence in the southern and eastern

areas still contimed after O.3Ma,the whole

Oiso Hills changed into active uplifting area

after the Last Interglacial Stage(about O.13

Ma).

(2) A曲量gara P互a量聡

 The Ashigara Plain,10cated in the north-

westem extension of Sagami trough,iscomposed of extensive alluvial fan develo-

ping in the lower reach of the River Sakawa

and the Holocene terrace with small relative

height.This plain,bounded on the eastem

and northem margin by the active faults,is a

kind of fault angle depression developed in

the eastem foot of Hakone volcano. As

shown in Fig.16,the geomorphic features of

the Ashigara Plain are characterized by

extensive development of the HoIoceneKamonomiya terrace and a lack of the last

interglacial terrace (K terrace).  The

Kamonomiya terrace is the depositional

surface of the Gotemba mudflow(GMF:Machida,1964)from Fuji volcano at2β00

years agO。

  The gravity map of South Kanto and

Tokai district(Komazawa,1982)shows the

continuous low anomaly zone which stretches

from the Ashigara Plainto theAshigara Mts.

This anomaly pattem suggests that the thick

accumulation of the Plio-PleistoceneAshigara Group fills the(iepression basin

beneath the Ashigara Plain.After this the

author calls this subsiding depression the

“Ashigara depressionヲ’.

  According to the drilling data(Yamazaki

6砂1.,1982,Fig.17),the Holocene sediments

in this plain are composed of the alluvial fan

gravels distribute(i in the northern part and

along the river course,and marine fine sedi-

ments of the Kamonomiya terrace. TheKamonomiya terrace deposit is intercalated

with several key be(is such as peat layers,

volcanic ash,and GMF etc.,which are pos-

sible to yield the age of the layers。Figure18

shows the relationship between the ages of

these layers an(1their(iepth.

  The younger Hakone pyroclastic flow(1eposits(TP flow:50,000years o1(1)an(i the

M2terrace deposits(60,000years old)under-

1ie the alluvium ofthe Ashigara Plain(Yama-

zakiαα1.,1982).These deposits are under一

一633一

i慧

i差

垂群き萎

灘難灘纐㈱灘職

Page 32: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

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  懸  Dril畦ng site

  ダBeachridge4Bars

騨Oawal隻::ミ

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2km

Fig。16 Geomorphological map of the Ashigara plain,southwest Kanto.

1ain by the thick gravels inclu(iing cobbles

derived from the lava of Old Somma stage2

(OS2) (Kuno,1950,1951)of Hakone volcano

up to500m in depth。

 As the beginning of the OS2stage proned

to be about O.3Ma by tephrochronology

(Machidaαα1,1974),the age of the sedi-

ments filling the(1epression is assumed to be

yomger than O.3Ma.Therefor,the calcu-

1ated long-term subsidence rate of the

Ashigara depression is more than1.7m/103

years,While,the mean subsidence rate ofthe

younger sediments has a smaller value than

that of the older ones.For instance,the M2

terrace deposit,which appears at-45.3m in

depth beneath the eastern Ashigara Plain,

shows39mofsubsidenceatmostifthealtitude of the original sea-1evel of 60,000

yearsagoisassumedtobelowerthan-6m

(Machida,1975).Accordingly,mean subsi-

dence rate of the M2terrace deposit is esti-

mated to be O.65m/103years.Further,the Ah

ash,deposited in the brackish water environ-

ment near the coast,apPears at-1.8to-2.3m

in depth(Matsushima,1982).This depthindicates4m of subsidence an(i O.6m/103

years of mean subsidence rate during last

6,300years ifthe origin&1sea-level is assumed

tobe2mabovepresent. The difference of the mean subsidence rate

between the older and younger markers indi-

cates that the subsidence movement in the

Ashigara depression gradually became weak

through the Late Pleistocene.The depth of

Ah ash below the present sea-level means

that the subsidence of the Ashigara depres-

sion has still continue(i in the Hlolocene,

though the rate has decreased. On the other

一634一

Page 33: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

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50

Comparison of the sample heights and their

ages of the H610cene sediments between the

both sides of the Kozu-Matsuda fault.The

dated samples of Odawara were obtained

from the Kamonomiya500m drilling.Ahshows the Akahoya ash layer.

Fig.17 Geologicallogsofthe500mdrillingcarried

out by GSJ at Kamonomiya in the Ashigara

plain.

GMF:Gotemba mudflow deposit of2,300yr

B.P.from Mt.Fuli.Ah:Akahoya glassy ash

layer of6,300yr B.P.from south Kyushu.

hand,the Ashigara Plain,together with the

OisoHills,wereuplifted1.8to1.2mbytheco-

seismic crustal movement associated with

the1923Great Kanto Earthquake(Omura,1925).

  Furthermore,the Kamonomiya terracewhich is a part of the uplifted flood plain of

2,300yearsagohas3to4mrelativeheightfrom the present flood plain.These facts

suggest that the  formation  of the

Kamonomiya terrace was closely relatedwith the co-seismic cmstal movement of the

great earthquakes cause(i by the plate sub一

(1uction along the Sagami trough.After this

author calls this type of earthquake the

“Kanto-type earthquake”,The relationship

between the long term accumulative subsi-

dence of the Ashigara depression and the

recent uplift associated with the Kanto-type

earthquake will be discussed in Chapter8.

 6。3  Koz腿一Ma蕊s腿dla量a朋亘t

 In the westem Oiso Hills area where the

Sogayama Formation thickly accumulatedduring T-D tephra stage,the subsidence

weakene(l and partly changed into a slight

upheaval in the T-C tephra stage(ca.0,3to

O.25Ma).Then,the Sogayama block hasemerged to form the hilly Iand.This tectonic

change was presumably caused by the activa-

tion ofthe vertical slip onthe:Kozu-Matsuda

fault with east side upthrow.Consequently,

the origination of the Kozu-Matsuda fault is

一635一

Page 34: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

 

Bz61」6!勿z(~ブ 孟h6 G60Jo9∫oαl S%7∂(3:y (ゾノ4冨)ごzフ¢, Vbl,43,〈石o,10

inferred to be at the T-D tephra stage(0。3to

O.4Ma).

  Inthe laterhalf ofMiddle Pleistocene(025

to O.13Ma),the T-a marine terrace of O.15

Ma locally extend over the southem part of

the Kozu-Matsuda fault.This means that

despite the vigorous activity of the Kozu-

Matsuda,・the fault scarp did not have such a

large relative height at that time compared

with present.Accordingly,the scarp hもight

of the present Kozu-Matsuda fault is thought

to have mostly grown(1uring the late Pleis-

tocene to Holocene.

  Withreferencetotheverticaldisplacementof the Kozu-Matsuda fault,no precise esti.

mation can be derived from the DRH formed

before60,000years ago because of the lack of

detaile(i stratigraphical information in the

Ashigara depression.But if the author broa(i-

1y estimates the Iong term slip rate of the

Kozu-Matsuda fault,it can be said to have a

value of more than2m/103years since O.3

Ma. That is,the sediment beneath the

Ashigara Plain at500m in depth is possibly

correlated with the T-c to T-a(0.3to O.15

Ma)terrace deposits which lie in the Oiso

Hi11sabove100minaltitude.Accordingly,the displacement of the T-c terrace deposit

bythe:Koz比Matsuda fault is estimatedtobe

more than600m and the mean slip-rate is

calculated to be more than2m/103years.

  As mentione(1in the previous section,the

M2marine terrace deposits in the Ashigara

Plain and Oiso Hills apPears-45.3m and十90

m in altitude respectively.Meanslip-rate for

the Iast60,000years is calculated to be2.3m/

103years.With reference to the Holocene

sediment,Matsushima(1982)showed22m ofvertical fault offset during last 6,300 years

and calculated at3.5m/103years of slip-rate.

  Thus the mean slip・rate on the Kozu-

Matsuda fault,which is obtained from the

various fault DRH,indicates that this fault

has recurred to the movement at the slip-rate

of2to3.5m/103years since the middleMiddle Pleistocene. But,as previouslymentioned,the appearance of fault scarp on

the Kozu-Matsuda fault fellbehindthe initia一

tion of fault movement for a few hmdred

thousand years.This delay suggests that the

mean-slip rate which represents the relative

movement of the two blocks divided by the

fault is not always adequate to reconstruct

the fault evolution and related geological

history in detai1.The author thinks the most

important factor to indicate the degree of

fault evolution and to affect the growth of the

fault scarp is not the mean slip-rate of the

fault but the absolute movement of each

faulted block。

  Table2shows the absolute displacementan(1(iisplacement-rate of each faulte(1block

based on the present altitude and original

height of the M2terrace and Holocene sedi-

ments.The data on the table reveal that the

displacement of the Kozu-Matsuda fault dur-

ing mid(ile Pleistocene time was mostly

compensated  by  the subsi(1ence  of the

Ashigara depression an(1the upheaval of the

Oiso Hills was relatively smal1.This means

that the faulting of the Kozu-Matsuda fault

hardly contributed to the growth of the fault

scarpinthemiddlePleistocene.Whileduringlate Pleistocene to Holocene,although the

faulting on the Kozu-Matsuda faultcontinued at a constant relative slip rate,the

absolute movement of each block varied

widely.That is,the subsidence rate of the

Ashigara depression(1ecreasedwithtime an(i,

on the contrary,the uplift rate of the Oiso

Hills increased to form the conspicuous fault

scarp・

  In spite of the recent activation of the

movement that formed the fault scarp,nofault scarplet displaying the recent faulting is

found along the major scarp.The lack of a

fault scarplet can presumably be interpreted

as a result of flexure appearing as the surface

expression of the reverse faulting l this may

be (iue to the (iistribution of thick uncon-

solidated deposits along the Kozu-Matsudafault.

  Along the northem trace of the Kozu-

Matsuda fault,the obvious fault scarp with

50mofrelativeheightappearsatthewestemmargin of the fluvial M3terrace of50,000

一636一

Page 35: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T60ホo沈sσJo%9云h卿oπh醐脚顧%げ伽P6痂s吻硯.y4耀9剃

years ago.This M3terrace is also bounded to

the east by a graben younger than the M3

terrace.These facts indicate that the west-

ward migration of faulting has occurred in

the northem part of the Kozu-Matsuda fault

during the later half of Late Pleistocene to

Holoce纂e。This feature(therecent migration

of the fault movement)is well similar to that

of the North Matsuda fault in the southem

margin of the Matsuda Mts.,10cated to the

northwest of the Kozu-Matsuda fault.This

tectonic similarity between two faults indi-

cates that the northern part of the Kozu-

Matsuda fault and the North Matsuda fault

have behaved as a single fault in the recent

geological time.

  Nakamura6オ召1.(1984)supposed that the

WNW moving PHS caused the eductionalong the westem part of Sagami trough and

consequently the Kozu-Matsuda fault was

forme(1as a normal one.But,the develop-

ment of numerous thrusts with NW-SEstrike and the anticlinal structure with N-S

axis in the westem Oiso Hills area do not

supPort the above hypothesis and, to the

contrary,it indicates that the Kozu-Matsuda

fault is a thrust fault with some left lateral

slip component.

 6.4  Tec窟o聾亘c evo且盟t量on

 The crustal movement took place towar(i

the middle Middle Pleistocene in this area.

The lithofacies and sedimentary structure of

the Ninomiya formation which is the lowest

Middle Pleistocene underlying the terrace

deposits of the Oiso Hills(io not contain any

evidence of the vigorous tectonic movement

during the accumulation of this formation.

As the plate boundary connecting southem

Tanzawa region and the Japan Trench ought

to have existed in the early stage of the

middle Pleistocene,the calm crustal move-

ment at that age indicates that the style of

the tectonic movement along the plate bound-

ary was possibly not plate subduction but

transform faulting or eduction without verti-

cal displacement.

 Although the reason is uncertain,the sub一

siding(1epression forme(10n the westem Oiso

Hills area about O.5Ma where the thick

Sogayama formation accumulate(1.One plau-

sible reason for this tectonic change is the

transition of the convergent style of plate

boundary from transform faulting to sub(iuc-

tion along the Sagami trough.

  Circa O.4to O.3Ma,in the middle Middle

Pleistocene,the Kozu-Matsuda fault com-

menced its activity in this subsiding

depression or westem margin of it. Thewestem side of this fault subsided at a rate of

more than2m/103years to form the Ashiga-

ra depression.In spite of the vigorous activity

of the Kozu-Matsuda fault,the fault scarp

dividing the Oiso Hills an(1the Ashigara

Plain was not overt because of the upheaval

of the hills was still small at that time.

  In the late Middle Pleistocene(0.2to O.15

Ma),the upheaval rate of the Oiso Hills

gradually increased and the Sogayama block

composed of the Sogayama Formation in the

westem Oiso Hills area emerged. On the

other hand,the subsi(1ence of the Ashigara

(iepression slowly weakened.Since after the

last interglacial period(0.12Ma),the uplift

of the Oiso Hills accelerated according as

subsi(1ence in the Ashigara Plain has de-

creased.As a result of this tectonic change,

the scarp of the Kozu-Matsuda fault has

rapi(ily developed,though the relative slip

rate of the fault remained unchanged.

7.SUMM:ARY OF THE QUATERNARY   SYSTEM ANI)THE ACT亙VE STRUC.   TURES AL(》NG THE亙ZU BORDER-   LANゆ

 7.l Q聡舗e職蹴ysyst艦s The Quatemary chrono-stratigraphy and

the evolution of fault systems shown in Fig.

19reveal that the Quatemary system of the

Izu borderland is classified into two cate-

gories:the basin-fill type and the non-basin-

fill type.The former was deposited in sub-

siding tectonic basins and accumulated to

more than several hundred meters in thick-

ness.The latter was deposited outside the

一637一

Page 36: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

B%1♂6孟〃z(ゾ’云h6 G(30Jo9づαzl Sz67ッ6=y (ゾノ44)α%ノ Vlol.43ノ.八石o.ヱ0

O

0.5

1Ma

o⊆ζ

oZ

Eoコ

葛Σ

Σ

Zo

ρ寸

Zo

Zo

 のし のの  

モ畳

禦ATTP fl,fa

Pm I

てAu-6

TAm-1TB-13

 -7-1

TCu-1

Handa・

TE-5Ks5Ks10

 ?Imaku  ma

Sagam

Suruga   BaySENO SHIMIZUUMI

 1

 2

?翻

  SW footofMt.Fuji匡    ○匡  山くく    Z   のΣ

1_馨葦螺・

∬四コ

9

りo  臼臼o臼=  ド  ロ ロ .,O oロロ

o  ロ じコ   ロ㊦  じ の ロ            ド

の ’60乙, ■      ■    一68

8

“4

4

4》4

1豆,

?   ?

o

o

①oo

Σ

Lo

  ’8

≦Tanzawa≦

Z W蔓」

 ぼ 琶Asigara  Oiso ⊃  Plain 巳    Hills

E窪  干N W S Σ      ど

呂~・   ρ⊇q・“9’     9

あ   s圃8   M奄函

     血

L⊃

o匡σ

臣琶三のく

OQ O

o6もo oOOo曾oo〈)

o o

O o

曾・o

罪ロる

るゆ

iきliきi

……i茎i嚢ii

E⑩

O

§

  δ180

1L上」%H・=・

匿唖〕M

.1 ド

  誌。一

 げ ヤ コ    ヒ

2 1匝』噂.ら

43

s醗~5

7au E=四

一aI

o下c騨

留 。鱒、

T-e麟謝’曲灘

 曳 6

撃β

《→8

7

9

1?

1

   10

量一  11  12

o =㊤ ㌧

仁¢ ’

==し

o>

『 一

∈ 16(o

o 、『 ⊆

奪1:o 自

1 -

Z    18ヱ ,・

① 、;

邸 ・

Σ、、

20

 ?マむ  ド    ロ  じ

翻麟

14

¶3

15

17

1す一

Fig.19 Quatemary stratigraphy of the plate convergence region in the northem margin of Izu

Peninsula.Bold line under fault names indicates the duration of the fault movements.

Screened and hatched parts indicate the marine and Iacustrine deposits respectively。

subsiding areas.The (1istribution of each

deposit is shown in Fig.20

 The regional evolution of crustal move-

ment brought about two groups of sedimen-

tary basins. One is un(ler continuous subsi-

dence up to present inclu(iing the fill deposits

in Fuji-Fujinomiya lowlands and Ashigaraplain.Thus the deposits in the basins of this

group,namely l a type,are foun(i along the

continuation of trough axes on land. The

crustal movement in the other group(1b

type basin)was converted from subsidence

to uplift,and consequently the se(iiments in

these basins are now expose(1and eroded.

The Kambara conglomerate,.Iwabuchi an-

desite and Bessho gravels in the]Kambara,

Habuna,and Hoshiyama Hills,the Ashigara

Group in the southem margin of Tanzawa

Mts.and the Sogayama Formation in theOiso Hills are deposits of the l b type basins.

The deposits of the l a and l b type,except

for volcanic rocks,are mostly composed of

monotonous conglomerate intercalating with

thin sand or mud beds. The sedimentary

environment of such sediments is considered

to be a rapidly subsiding area around amouth

of river which has transported a large

amount of coarse materials.

 On the other hand,the non-basin-fill type

deposits are subdivided into two groupsaccording to their thickness an(i(iuration of

deposition.The thicker deposits of the2a

type,200to300minthickness,havebeenaccumulated continuously for a long time at

a low sedimentary rate,without affecting the

intense subsidence.The thinner deposits(2b

type),1essthan100mthickareterracedeposits,that covered the l b type deposits

unconformably during the uplifting period.

The Ninomiya Formation,the Akisawa-Tsu-

chiya Formations in the Oiso Hills belong to

the2a type,an(i the Saginota gravels in the

一638一

Page 37: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T6・渉・耽sσ」・%9孟h齪・πh翻耀顧πげ伽P6痂s吻侃.}物耀2剃

  ㌧.

 〆

\1)’》

い\

いl!l

ノ\11汰\\

               ノ

フ)驕.“・㌃』聾r1欝e

     2

 1          戒聾,                    511ノ

           .甲1蹴既.甲

              .細二.。1隔.ρ二・合

圏猛騒團

Present subsiding

 depression (1a)

Depression convertedto the upheavaI(1b)

Non basin fi[I type

deposits(2a,2b)

Quatemary  volcanic rocks

Active fauIt

ノ/ノノ・/

>5m/103y.

〉1m/103y,

く1m/103y

non aCtive fault

漫』\\i・0 10km

、 ’

Fig.20 Distribution of the Quatemary sediments and of active faults in the plate convergence

region of the northem margin of Izu Peninsula.

Fault name:1。Iriyama-Shibakawa thrust,2.Iriyamase-Omiya-Agoyama fault(sys-

tem),3,Kannawa fault system,4.Kozu-Matsuda fault,5.Kita-lzu fault system,

6.Hirayama fault,7.Shibusawa fault.

Kambara Hills,01der Fuji mudflow deposits

in the Hoshiyama and Habma Hills,Suruga

gravels in the southem margin of Tanzawa

Mts.and from the T-e to H formations in

the Oiso Hills belong to the2b type.

 7.2 Ch鍵acter亘st童cs o£Aetive Fa腿且ts

 The main active faults in the studied area

are compiled in Table5.Figure20shows the

distribution of major active faults in the

South Fossa Magna around Izu Peninsula.The thickness of each fault line in the figure

indicates the long term slip-rate of the fault.

The vertical components of slip rate of the

faults in Table5are so large as to be classi-

fied as the most active faults in Japan.Their

net slip will be Iarger if strike-slip compo-

nent is taken into account.Notwithstan(iing

their high activity,the length of each fault is

extraordinarily short in comparison with

other major active faults in Japan,such as

the Atera Fault(70km)and the MedianTectonic Line(300km).

 Active faults except for the fault system in

Izu Peninsula are intensely developed along

the northern border of Izu block(Figs.2and

23). They comect Suruga and Sagamitroughs surrounding Izu Block from the

north.This fault zone consists of many short

faults.The geometric and kinematic pattem

of these faults,such as the strike of the faults

an(i the sense of fault movement,differs from

place to place systematically.

 In the western part,to the north of Suruga

Bay,a number of N-S trending faults have

(1eveloped inthe Neogene(1eposits since early

Pliocene.Among these faults,the active ones

are found in the eastem side. This active

fault system is expresse(i as zigzag lines

running from south to north,where N-S

一639一

Page 38: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

B%Jl6あ刀 ρプ 孟h6 σ60109乞oαl S%7び8ッ (ゾノ41)α刀, Vbl.43,ノ〉;o.10

Table5 Data list of the active faults in the Izu Borderland.

Nameof血e Faulmame F&ultlength Faultre蚕erence Displacement Age Sliprate Paper£aultsystem Imdstdke (m) (Ka) (m!103y) Feat田es

(km)

1。猛yama-Shibaka 30+ N-Swa五aultsystem 1,1㎞yama㎞st 12+ N-S Riverteπacedeposit 5  W 20 025 Sug1yama&Shimokawa

(1982)

1。2Shibakawath皿st 18→・ N-S F両ilavaSW-1 20  W 10 2 Yamazaki(1979)

F吋ilavaSW-3 3(ト40 W 10 3-4 Nonhempa直OlderF吋iMudnow-1 50  W 50 1 nearShibakawa

(Mf。1)

1.3No血tathmst 6+ N-S Mf一皿 50+  W 2.5+

2。myamase-Agoya 23+ N-Smafaultsys些e皿 2.1歴yamasefault 10+ NNE F両ilavaSSW-1 100  W 14 7.1 Yamazaki8∫4此(1981)

A皿uvium 46  W 8 5.7

Ahash 31.5  W 6.3 5

22Qmiyafauh 7  NW Mf-m 80  SW 20 4 Noma1五aultF可il&vaSW-5 80? SW 10 8?

2。3Agoyama£ault 14+ N。S OMFbase 410+ W 80 5+

F切ilavaSSW-3 50  W 10 5

2.4Matsuno£ault 6  NW SぱuctuleofSaginotagr. Nomalfault?

3.Kannawa£ault 25 E-Wsystem 3.1Kalmawa血ust 一一  E占W TanzawaGIAshigaraG N

boundaly

3.2Shiozawafault 5+  NE Sumgagravols 100(V)NW 80 1.2 MachidaεごαZ.(1975)

33Naka嘘ugawaf 5+  NW TanzawaG/A血garaG

34MatsudaSanK)㎞ 5-  N-S A血garaGIMatsuda N Yamazaki&Machida蜘皿t gravels (1981)

3.5Nor血Matsuda 5-  N-S Matsudagravels ?  N Yamazaki&Machidafault (1981)

3.6Hirayamafault 10+ NE HakoneOS く500 NW 300 1.7 Itoε鳳(1989)

7  NW 21.5 0.3

4.Kozu-Matsuda 11÷ NW T-c釣皿ation 600+ NE 300 2蝕』1t M2deposit 135 NE 60 2.3

Ahash 22  NE 6.3 3.5

M3terrace 50+ NE 45 1.1+

tren(1ing reverse faults arrange(1in sinistral

en echelon configuration are connected by

NW-SEtrendingnormalfaults.The activityof individual faulting increases from west to

east.

 In the central part,to the south of Tan-

zawa Mts。,a major reverse fault trending E-

W(:Kamawathmst)anditsconjugatestrike-slip faults trending NE-SW and NW-

SE compose an active fault system(Kan-

nawa fault system).The strike-slip faults

stretch into the Tanzawa and Ashigara Mts.

across the Kannawa thrust.Several active

faults run parallel to the Kannawa thmst in

its southern si(ie along the border zone

between Ashigara Plain.The southem most

one,extending to theKozu-Matsuda fault is

the most active among them.

 The Kozu-Matsuda fault has approximate-

1y straight NW-SE trending fault trace with

a slight undulation.Reversal dip-slip disloca-

tion seems to be predominant on this fault.

Many minor faults rm in the Oiso Hills

parallel or diagonally to the Kozu-Matsuda

fault,but most of them are not evident in the

fault topography. Therefore,these minor

faults can be regar(ie(i as insignificant

subsidiary faults,such as branching or super-

ficial ones,induced by the movements of the

Kozu-Matsuda fault.

 In all these three regions,the active fault

systems are located exactly on the bomdary

between subsi(1ing areas on Izu side and

uplifting areas fringed with older basin-fill

type(1eposits.

一640一

Page 39: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T80渉07zづos ごzJo%g 渉h(3η07孟h8ηzη¢ごz堰勿z(ゾ12z6P6%勿zsz〆α 〔E.yヒz%zごz2ご漉の

  7.3  丁蝕e evo互眠tio醜o{cr腿st&且moveme喪ts

      estimated£rom t塵e c血&醜ges o£fa躍lt

      &ctiv童ty

  The change of fault activity in time was

reconstructe(1 0n the basis of the relative

dislocation of two blocks bounded by each

fault.Figure21shows the track of vertical

movement rate in each tectonic block.The

Quatemary se(iiments can evidence the crus-

tal movement,subsidipg,stable,or uplifting,

0f the covered areas(1uring their depositional

ages.The tectonic evolution ofboth sedimen-

tary basins and fault systems in time an(1

space was revealed as in Fig.21.

  The relation between sedimentation and

crustal movement is summarized as follows・                                    フ

a)Basin-fill sediments(type la and lb)

in(iicate the predo卑inancy of subsi(1ence over

the basin,or the area of deposition.b)Deve1-

opment of terrace(1eposits(type2b)or’ove rall erosion evi(1ences the predominancy

of uplifting in the area.c)Accumulation of

non・basin-fill type deposits (type 2a) indi-

cates the transitional period between subsi-

dence and uplifting. In all three cases above,

the duration of each crustal movement is

indicated by the(1epositional age of the sedi-

ments.The affects of the eustatic sea level

changes are not taken into account・

  The screened spaces between two lines in

Fig.21indicate the rate of relative displace-

ment,of adjoining blocks.For instance,the

change of the space between the Kambara

Hills and the mountainous area to the west

represents the decline of the activity of the

Iriyama-Shibakawa faults l the westem

0 50 70 x104yBP

1. 1Hamaishidake   TbnshuMts,

,1~2πゾ103チ

1lRl㌔AMA,SHIBAKA陥

弘U口S2KanbaraHiUs

一 2Iwabuchi肱Kanbaragr

皿SaginotagraveI _甲』一一pp IP彫謙一燃』{『『

HabunaHoshiyama

十 i

【ニコOldFujimudflow

             3

1.      3                   Hi11s lRl漁MASE,AG(フYAMA

皿   Saginotagr.

_爾塵-.一蹴灘燃一羅聯  Besshogr lwabuchi鴨lca.      Kanbaragr

酬U口S4Fuli Fulinomiya

一・i瀧灘§ll∫

OldFujimudrbw

2.

5拍nzawa M姶.十

5

KANN触A FAU口國 6

6AshigaraMts一

⊂ゴSurugagraveiAshigaraGoup

7Mt、Matsuda   area

9

7

皿囲礪罵撒3.

SANROKU訊UlT

寧.9あ十

Ashigara

  Gゆup

MA「SUDAKl「際

8MatsudaHi”s一十li

Matsudagr跳8灘  8

黙㌔Ashigaraplainfillsediments Sediment

弘ULr 9AshigaraPlain一 9『 、煮弊 plainfi”sediments 囮

羅〔

¶ransiti㎝period

Subsidenceperiod

Others

KOZU MA『SUDA 一 9 10

弘UL『100isoHiIls

十1  135m-03y驚rraces

Sogayamag暁  Ninomiya Group

一  【===二=二===二=二二=コ

Fig.21 Diagram showing the regional variation of tectonic evolution along the Izu Borderland.

Bold-solid line represents the trace of the absolute crustal movement on each tectonic

block. Screened part show the transition of relative slip rate of the active fault

bounding two blocks.

一641一

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Bz61」4ぎ% (ゾ 煮h6 (360109乞αzl S%7〃6:y (Zプノ4ゼ)ごz%, Vbム 43,〈ηo。ヱ0

mountains have been continuously uplifted in

the Quatemary.So the track remains always

the plus side.On the other hand,the track of

the Kambara Hills stays on the negative side

in the early Pleistocene ju(1ging from the

deposition of basin・fill type Kambara

conglomerate,which evidences subsidence of

the region.Then the movement of the Kam-

bara Hills was converted to uplift in the

middle Middle Pleistocene.The alluvial fan

deposits of the Saginota gravels in the Kam-

bara H皿s marks the transitional epoch.The

Saginotagravelsisasthickas200mtosuggest gentle subsiding  during  the de-

positional age.However,it was emerged just

after the deposition and have never been

covered with yomger se(iiments mtil pres-

ent.The Holocene marine terraces in thehills also indicate that active uplifting has

been continuing from the mi(1dle Pleistocene.

  The track of the:Kambara Hills,therefore,

shifts from minus to plus in the middle Pleis-

tocene as shown in Fig.211t is thus concluded

that the activity of the Iriyama-Shibakawa

fault had culminated in the Early Pleistocene

and have declined since the Middle Pleis-

tocene.The Kamawa thrust and the Matsu-

da-sanroku fault have also declined in the

Pleistocene.On the contrary,the Iriyamase-

Agoyama faults and North Matsuda fault

have become more active.Though any dras-

tic change has not occurre(i to the relative

movement alongthe Kozu-Matsuda fault,the

absolute movements of the Ashigara Plain

and the Oiso Hills have changed in the late

Pleistocene. In the middle Pleistocene,the

Ashigara Plain ha(1subsided rapidly beside

the Oiso district which had been stable rela-

tive to sea leve1,but in the late Pleistocene,

the Oiso Hills starte(1to uplift accor(iing as

the decline of subsidence in the Ashigara

Plain.

  The growth of Kozu-Matsuda fault scarp

also in(1icates this change.The fault scarp

ha(i not appeared in the mi(idle Pleistocene

due to the one-sided subsidence of the

Ashigara Plain,as in画e case shown in Fig.3.

Then it emerge(1in the late Pleistocene with

the uplift of the Oiso Hills.This change can

explain the discrepancy between the constant

activity of the fault and the topographic

evi(1ence.

  The above-mentioned examples show the

migration of the front of active faulting

which is commonly observed in Izu Border-

1and.Ayoungerfaultdevelopsalongthelzuside of an older fault which becomes inactive

or less active after the emergence of younger

one.Such migration of active faults induces

the shift of tectonic basins,as the active

faults are usually located between the uplift-

ed basin-fill deposits on the Honshu si(1e and

the active subsiding basin on the Izu si(ie.

8.:DISCUSS亙ON

 8.1 P丑就e tecto脈ic豊mBl亘catio簸o£a,ct量ve

     歪a,魍亘ts量n the IZUl Bord!er且a,鷺dヒ

(1)A model of tectonic evolution

 Case stu(iies of active faults and crustal

movements in the Izu border land led to a

common feature of tectonic evolution in this

region.It is the Izu-oriented migration of

active faults and sedimentary basins. The

typical field of this migration is the area to

the north of Suruga Bay. In this area,the

following processes of tectonic evolution

were recognize(1.1)Thick sediments of the

Kambara-Bessho gravels were deposited in

basin developed on the(iownthrown Izu si(ie

ofafaultsystem.2)Anewfaultsystem(lriyamase fault)was forme(i inside or along

the Izu.ward margin of the basin.3)A new

subsiding area(Fuji lowland)has developed

in front of the Iriyamase fault replacing the

older basin of the Kambara Hills,where

fluvial Saginota gravels were deposited un-

conformably to the former basin・fill sedi・

ments.Yamazaki(1984)proposed a mo(1elof the tectonic evolution in Izu Bor(ier lan(i

accor(1ing to the three processes above.

Here,the author proposes a new model con-

sisting of four stages in a cycle and two

substages,improving the previous model in

order to make it applicable to the entire Izu

Bor(1erlan(i(Fig.22).

一642一

Page 41: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

7セ6オo%Jos σlo%9 孟hε %07渉h6ηz 解ごz碧づn (ゾ ノ2z6・P6%づ%sz〆ごz O7. yとz彫ごzβごzを∂

G

1 2 3 4

     //

A  B

薪,欝一

形「『ノ↓

A A B

づ夕

奮一獅且

A  B

嘗. s、.

欝       ◎     ◎   い    幽    幽

sぬ且搾騨s蝋奮     A          A

Fig,22 The cyclic development of the geological structure associated with the Izu-ward

migration of faulting and tectonic depression.Arrows represent the direction and rate

of the absolute crustal movement.Fine dotted part show the same formation.

 Those stages and substages are as follows:

 Sねge1:The upthrown side of a thrust

faultAinFig.22upheavesconstantlyandthedownthrown side subsides,where the terms

upthrow and downthrow denote relativemotions along the faults and‘‘upheava1”and

“subsidence”are measured relatively to the

sea-1eve1. The upheaval and subsidence

share the net displacement of the fault A.

The active faults systems from Surugatrough to the southwestem foot of Mt.Fuji

are now on this stage l l the Iriyamase fault

an(1Agoyama fault correspond to the fault A

in Fig.22.The subsiding portion of the axis

of Suruga trough,Ukishimagahara,and Fuji

Fujinomiya lowlands are the tectonic depres-

sions of the downthrown side of the active

faults.The thick basin-fill sediments such as

the Kambara conglomerate,Bessho gravels,

Ashigara Groups,Sogayama gravels,and so

on,which now compose hills or mountains,

were accumulated in the previously subsiding

areas at stage1.

  Sねge2:The subsi(1ing area in front of the

fault A is divided into two blocks by a new

fault occurred in the basin.The upthrown

sideofthefaultAcontinuestorise.Bothblocksboun(1edbythefaultBcontinuetosubside. The subsiding rate of the strip

between faults A and B decreases,while the

dov財nthrown side of the fault B subsides very

rapidly.As to the faults scarps,this differen-

tial movements of three blocks bring about a

sharp contrast between fault A and B.The

scarpofthefaultAcontinuestogrowasaboundary between the uplifting and the sub-

si(1ing area. On the other hand,no scarp

emerges along the fault B,as both sides are

subsi(1ing to bury the fault topography.

  The present Kozu-Matsuda faultcorrespondstothefaultAinthestage2,judging from the rapid growth of the fault

scarp in the late Pleistocene and from the

decreasing subsiding rate in the Ashigara

Plain.A concealed fault,namely B,is expect-

ed in the Ashigara Plain or on the eastem

foot of Hakone volcano to the west of the

:Kozu-Matsuda fault.This fault,which has

一643一

翫 麟欄灘騰齢酬購灘騨糊灘欄燃葦撚糠膿欝鞭

Page 42: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

B%lJ(財勿¢ (~プ !h8 0601091αzl S%7∂(3:y (ゾ’ノ4多)ごz銘, Vlol。43,〈b。10

not yet been recognized,grows possibly far-

ther west of the River Sakawa.Ota6渉召1.

(1982) supPosed an active fault along the

westem flank of Chiyo Upland (Fig.16),

which is composed of pyroclastic flow

deposits,in the eastem part of Ashigara

Plain.This fault might be regarded as fault

B.However,the altitude of K-Ah ash layer

laid down in blackish water(10es not change

across the cliff assumed to be a fault scarp.

So it seems that this linear feature is not a

fault scarp but the erosional topography of a

fluvial terrace cliff,and no concealed fault

can be expected between the River Sakawa

and the Kozu-Matsuda fault.

  Stage3:The block between faults A and

Bisbeinguplifted(inanabsolutesense)bythe activity of fault B.This makes the fault

Aafaultbetweentwoupliftingblockanditsslip rate decreases. The uplifting block

between faults A and B is coveredmconformably with thin deposits from the

upthrown side of the fault A,due to the slow

rate of rising.

  The Iriyamase fault near the mouth of

River Fuji is regarded as the fault B in the

stage3.Alluvial fan type deposits,such as

the Saginota gravels in the:Kambara Hills,

the Older Fuji Mudflow deposits in the Ho-

shiyama and Habuna Hills,.fluvial terrace

deposits of T-e to T-a Stages in the Oiso

Hills,were deposite(1in the gently subsiding

or uplifting areas between faults A and B in

this stage3.

  Stage4:The uplifting rate of the block

between the faults A an(1B is accelerate(1and

consequently the sedimentary surfaces on

this block・are emerged to be dissected.The

activity of fault B becomes more intense with

the growth of a fault scarp,(iifferentiating

the former subsi(ling area intQ terraces an(1

hills in upthrown side.Meanwhile,fault A

becomes less active,.as the (iifference of

uplifting rate decreases between thedownthrown and the upthrown side. The

present cmstal movement on the westemfoot of Mt,Fuji exactly corresponds to this

stage.The Iriyama-Shibakawa faults and

the Iriyamase-Agoyama fault system in the

eastfallunderthefaultAandthefaultBinthe model respectively.While the three topo-

graphic units bounded by these two fault

systems correspond to thethree zones divided

by faults A and B。、They are the Hamaishida-

ke Mts.,the Kambara-Hoshiyama-HabmaHills,and the lowlands of Ukishimagahara

and of Fuji-Fulinomiya.

  The fault B in the stage4is the equivalent

of fault A in the stage1,with the same

crustal movement onboth sidesl so,a cycle of

tectonic、evolution is complete(i in these four

stages. The next cycle is marked by the

occurrence of new fault A derived from the

fault B in the previous cycle.That is to say,

the most active fault zone migrates from

Honshu side to Izu side accompanying a

sedimentary basin in downthrown side and a

uplifted area in upthrown side.

  Some cases of deviation from this cycle led

to the information of the following sub-

stages:substage l follows the stage l with-

out the formation of a fault B or a new

subsiding area in the(10wnthrown side of the

faultAlitshangingwallcontinuestouplift.The recent cmstal movement alongthe:Kozu-

Matsuda fault may correspond to this sub-

stage,supPosing the concealed faults to the

west of Sakawa River do not exist.In this

region,the fault scarp of the Kozu-Matsuda

fault grows continuously without any older

fault A behind it.Meanwhile,the rate of

subsidence in the Ashigara Plain decreases.

Such evidence may be interpreted as devia-

tion from stage l to substage1.

  Substage2is characterize(1by the extinc-

tionofthefaultAwithoutmigration.Ascompressive stress increases,the down-thrown side of the fault A(thrust fault)is

defomedseverely,andfinallyrisesfromthesubsi(1ing basin.This deformation results in

weakening the activity of the fault A.This is

a consequence of the augmentation in the

rising of the downthrownblock,which makes

the rate of displacement along the fault sma1-

1er and the dip of the fault plane steeper.

Excess shortening of a region induced by

一644一

Page 43: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

Tθ0孟0競Sα10箆9孟hε盟07オん㈱彫α響伽げ伽P翻盟S%Zα侭.y4耀禰の

very large horizontal compression explains

the phenomena described above. Recent

deformation in the Tanzawa Mts.and the

Ashigara Mts.fall under this substage2,

where the Kannawa thrust corresponds to the

fault A.At last the fault A becomes extinct

and both adjoining blocks uplift miformly.

(2)P亘説etecto髄量c童卸亘i蝋量o聾of我ct亘ve    亙蹴且ts

  In the Izu Borderland,fault systems and

tectonic basin have migrated continually

towar(11zu Peninsular during mid(ile to late

Quatemary.This migration resembles to the

evolution observed at thrust fronts in mar-

gins of inlan(1 basins (lkeda, 1983,0ta &

Sangawa,1984).However,the migration in

the Izu Borderland is quite different from

that in inland basins because of the lack of

the MBF(main bomdary fault),which at

depth is singularly expressed and its low-

angled branch appears as a migrated frontal

thrust in inlan(1basins.Inthe Izu Borderland,

the direction of the migration always ori-

ente(1to the Izu Peninsula.Rapidly subsiding

zones which extend to the axes of the troughs

develop in front of the most active faults.

The basin fill sediments in these zones will be

differentiate(1by new faults,certain parts of

which will emerge as upthrown blocks on the

Honshu side being folded or tilted toward

Honshu。

  The Izu-ward migration of tectonic depres-

sions an(1the(ieformation of uplifte(101(1er

basin fill sediments are the characteristics of

the tectonic evolution in the Izu Borderlan(1.

This evolution is the same as the growth of

accretionary prism which takes place along a

trench axis at the foot of a continental slope,

where trench fill sediments are continuously

accrete(10n continental slope and deformed

by imbricated thrusts。The thrust develops

successively into yomger accreted mass.In

the Izu Bor(ierland,this accretion process

occur not in deep sea bottom but in shallow

sea or on land,while the process of sedimen-

tation and tectonics are quite similar to nor-

mal accretion.This exceptional occurrenceof accretion on land or shallow sea is possibly

ascribed to the form of plate convergence in

this area.Plate dynamics will be discussed in

the section8.2.(2).

 The trough fill se(iiments on the northem

extension of Sumga and Sagami troughs,therefore,are considered to have been accret-

ed to Honshu and(1eformed along with the

subduction of the PHS during at Ieast these

hundreds of thousands years.And the defor-

mation of the ac6retionary prism along Nan-

kai trough continues through Suruga trough

to the Izu Bor(1erlan(i on land.Consequently,

the crustal deformation in this region can not

be regarded as interplate deformation,that is

to say,none of the active faults is a superfi-

cial expression of a plate boun(iary,but it is

(1eformation of accretiorary prism,where

imbricated thrusts system develop in the

hanging wall over the subducting plate

(Kagamiαα1.,1983)。

  Seely6砲1.(1974)propose(10n the mecha-

nism of migration that the underthrusting of

wedge-shaped slices composed of youngertrench fill sediment ma(1e the dip ofthe thrust

steeper finally to immobilize it,and then new

thrust develope(i in front of the older ones.

Besi(ies this mechanism,the author supposes

that in case of buoyant subduction,strong

compressional stress in accretionary prism

tends to immobilize older thrusts.The stress

can only be released by generating new

thrusts in front. Tsuchi(1984)concluded

that Neogene series had successively accret-

e(1to the west at the Suruga trough in the

South Fossa Magna region west of SurugaBay,because the tectonic units divided by N-

S trendihg faults got younger from west to

east.Accordingly,the author thought that

the formation of accretionary prisms has

continued since the Miocene until present

repeating the migration and regeneration of

fault systems and sedimentary basins.

 8.2Reg童o賊a亙c血&餓cterist置cso釜c臓sta丑

     moveme虚s躍繊臨e量ror旦9量醜

(1)Reg置0総亘置蝕e配e o聲臨e e職sta亘    move贈e盟t

 The active tectonics in the Izu Borderlan(1

一645一

選羅

鱒賠欄理

Page 44: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

β%lJ6云勿z (ゾ’孟h6 G6010gJαzl Sz∫7z杉ッ (ゾノ41》ごz7z, V「ol.43,〈ηo。10

can be regarded as(ieformation of the sedi-

mentary prism in an accretion process,as it

was conclu(ied in the previous section.

Nevertheless,the crustal movements here are

not uniform in time and space fortheir extent

or duration and they sometime deviate from

the mode1.As to the extent and duration of

accretion process,the one on land to the

north of Sumga Bay has more closely-spaced

imbricated thrusts(as much as a few kilo-

meters)and much shorter time perio(10f

reactivation(about several hundred thousan(i

years)than that of Nankai trough and south-

em Suruga trough,where it is5to10km(Kato(3渉α1.,1983)an(i several million years,

respectively(Shimamura,1986).

  Typical deviation from the circular mode1

(Fig.22)was observed in the area of the

southem margin of Tanzawa Mts.,where the

tectonic evolution has developed from the

stage l to the substages l and2.Notwith-

standing the conversion of the cmstal move-

ment from the subsidence to upheaval in the

sedimentary depression of Ashigara Group,

which had occurred during middle Quatemar-

y time,neither new fault system nor basin

have developed in front of the depression.

C6nsequently,the uplift of the Ashigara

Group has continue(1to convert it to a dissect-

ed mountainous area (A§higara Mts。)。

Accordingly,the fault between the two uplift-

ing blocks,here the Tanzawa Mts.andAshigara Mts.,became less active andfinally

ceased to move.This transition of the fault

movement presumably was induced by the

decrease of relative slip (iue to the rapi(i

uplift of the Ashigara Mts.The dip of the

reverse faults has also become steeper

because of the shortening of the block with

increasing compressive stress.

  The crustal movement between Yamakita

and Matsuda along the southem foot of the

Matsuda Mts.agreeswiththecircularmode1.But the width of each block between two

faults is very short,up to l km and the

(1uration of one cycle is also very short up to

one hundred thousan(1years.So,the horizon-

tal spacing and the time interval for the fault

migration in this region are the smallest in

the studied area.

  The tectonic evolution inthe Oiso Hills an(l

the Ashigara Plain is characterized by the

lack of an o1(1er cycle of accretionary prism.

No imbricated structure is found behin(i the

present active zone。 The author considers

that an accretion process begun in the middle

Quatemary in this region an(i a(1ifferent

tectonic regime had been predominant before

the initiation of the accretion.

(2)黙eorig量聡o£臨ereg童o聾a亙d榔ere配e  The regional characteristics of the crustal

movements in the Izu Border land can be

ascribed to the difference in the form of plate

convergence. In this sense,the Izu Bor(1er-

1and is no longer an uniform collision zone as

has been supposed by Sugimura(1972)or

Matsuda(1978)and others. This widelyaccepted collision has never been studie(i in

detailto substantiate.Forexample,Matsuda(1984)define(i the beginning of collision mere-

1y by the (1isapPearance of the open sea

between Izu an(1Honshu due to the north-

westward shift of Izu Block.Only Ishibashi

(1896a)discussed the evolution of the form of

convergence in time. He conclu(1e(i that

subduction,buoyant subduction and collision

have been repeate(1in this order since the

Middle Miocene in the South Fossa Magna.

  Now,the author proposes to apply Ishiba-

shi’s three variation of the convergence form

not only to the historic development but also

to the regional difference of crustal move-

ments.On the solid basis of active tectonics,

the so-called collision zone of the Izu Border-

1and can be sub(iivide(i into collision zone

sensu stricto,sub(iuction zone an(1buoyanガ

sub(iuction zone.

  In the area to the north of Suruga Bay,the

crustal movement has been subjected to the

sub(1uction or buoyant subduction of the

PHS.The migration of fault system and the

formation of sedimentary basin are common

tectonic results of both subduction styles.

With reference to the these two subduction

style,Ishibashi(1986a)took the cumulative

uplift of hinterland as evi(ience of the buoy一

一646一

Page 45: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

7セo渉o多z彦os ごzloη9 渉h6 アzoπh6刀z 〃zごz響力z(ゾ1ゑz6P6アz勿zsz46z〔E.}そz%zごz2ご漉の

ant subduction.The sub(1uction style in the

area to the north of Suruga Bay is supposed

to be buoyant because the distinctive and

extensive uplift(4mm/yr)is recognized in

the Akaishi Mts.,the hinterland of this area

(Danbara,1971). This feature is distin-

guished from normal subduction such as

along Nankai trough,where coseismic uplift

has been repeated without conspicuous cumu-

1ative upheaval of the accretionary prism an(i

frontal arc.Along the southem margin of

Tanzawa Mts.,both sides of the Kamawa

fault system have been uplifted without

generating younger basin,and the fault activ-

ity itse1:f is not so high. Intense horizontal

compressive stress raises all this area,and

the former main fault is no longer a boundary

fault between blocks,being truncated by a

number of strike-slip faults.This may indi-

cate that brittle disruption of the blocks is

occurring,or about to occur in this region。

This style of cmsta1(1eformation exactlycorrespon(i to the collision s6nsz6 s渉万o孟o

(1efined by Ishibashi(1986a).Therefore,Izu

Block colli(1es against Honshu only along the

southem margin of the Tanzawa Mts.in the

Izu Bor(ierland.

  The active accretion process around the

Matsuda Mts.,the Oiso Hills and the Ashiga-

ra Plain indicate the underthrusting of the

PHS beneath these areas.The rapid uplift of

the Tanzawa Mts.area behind the Matsuda

Mts.canbe ascribedto buoyant subductionin

this part.However,the spatial intervals of

active faults here are much shorter than

those to the north of Suruga Bay an(i also the

migration of active fault front has occurre(i

more frequently.Therefore,the transition

from buoyant sub(1uction to collision may be

under way in the Matsuda Mts.area.These

regions lack older accreted block in Honshu

side behind recent active zone,and now we

can observe the first an(1the latest cycle of

accretionary evolution. This cycle com-

menced in the middle Pleistocenebecauseofa

new plate convergence system that had oc-

curred at that time.But this convergence as

well as the possible transition inthe Matsuda

Mts.areahasnotbeenevidencedgeologicallyto discuss its cause.These regional charac-

teristics above are summarized in Table6.

  The arrangement of plate convergence

forms seems to be systematic in the Izu

Borderland. That is,the collision s6%s%

s翻o孟o occurs between the Tanzawa Mts.and

the northem most part of Izu Block.The

Table6 Regional tectonic variation along the plate convergence zone.

SubducdonZone BuoyantSubduc匝onZbne Transitional Zone Collision Zone

Rigion Nankai-Southem Nor血emSumga Southem fbot of No質hem H欲one

Smgatmu喜h tmuεhtoSW五〇〇t theMatsudaMts. andS,marginofofF吋iVolcano W.Tanzawa Mts.

Dip ofsub一

ducdngslab 13-141) More than2301)2) ? ?

(degree)

Distance of

i血bhcated 30-10㎞3) less than10㎞ 1㎞+ 0thmsts

Age ofthe Mi㏄ene to Lower to Middle MiddletoUpPeryoungest LowerPli㏄ene4) PlOistocene pleistocene 一

a㏄re豆onawprism

T㎞e illterval

ofmゆrfault afewMa less than l Ma less than O.1Ma 0mig【ation

0血er fbatures Upheavalofplateboundalylegion

Reference cited 1)Katoε∫α’.(1983),2)Ishida(1986),3)R。GA.F.」.(1980),4)Sh血amura(1986)

一647一

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Bz6116ガ% (ゾ’孟h6 G60Jo91αzl Sz67∂6ツ (ゾノ4プ)ごz7z, Vbl.43,No.10

buoyant subduction occurs both in the west

and in the east of the collision zone,north of

Sumga Bay and the Matsuda Mts.arearespectively,an(i then normal subductionoccurs in both extensions of the Izu Bor(1er-

1an(1.This symmetrical arrangement of three

convergence forms must be originated from

the steepening of the subducting slab.Figure

23is an isobath map of the upper surface of

the subducting slab of PHS,with submarine

active faults(R.G.A.F.J.,1980)overlaid to

show the intervals of imbricated thrusts.The

(iip of the subducting slab becomes steeper

from Nankai trough to Suruga trough(Kato

6渉α1.,1983).The absence of isobath further

north of central Suruga trough is because the

dip is too steep to recognize the slab surface

by seismic reflection profiles.The relation-

ship between the forms of convergence and

the dip of slab is supposed as follows:as the

(iip becomes steeper,the form varies from

normal subduction to buoyant subduction,an(i finally to collision an(i in the meantime

the intervals of imbricated thrusts get nar-

rower.The steepening of the slab dip toward

the collision bomdary should mainly be

originated from the buoyancy of Izu Block.

Besi(1e,the steeper subduction results in tight-

er coupling of the blocks on both sides,where

the tectonic stress in(1uce(1 by the plate

_ぢD一錠09  ε

』」

           2

            4勇

ぢ多、健▽  !一/一/一 し6・8ノ   /  -   /   /    !、  /   /   (  、57   /    ご_ノ

   / 6/

        30

       20

        ゆ

 ρ   勿       .祠《亀、

     いM、 輩         .齢

        {

名レ乏

  50km

Fig.23 Relationship between regional variation of the subduction angle of the PHS plate and

tectonic deformations including the active fault movements.

Bold lines:Active faults along the plate convergence zone(after R.G.A.F,」.,1980).Thin-

solid lines along the Nankai trough l Contours of depth to the basement of Izu Spur.

Numeral is in kilometers below sea leve1(after Kato6!α1.,1983).Thin-broken lines

along the Nankai trough:Contours of depth to oceanic basement(after Kato6渉α1.,

1983).Thin-solid line in land:Contours of the upper surface of the subducting Philippine

sea plate (after Ishida,1986)。

一648一

Page 47: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T6。オ。廊σ1・%9渉h碑・πh6甥脚麟げ伽P6痂s吻偉・}伽伽切

motion is easily transmitted to Honshu to

bring about intense crustal movement in the

hinterlands.

8.3  Seismotecto恥ics o歪t翫e Iz盟Bo「〔翌e「且a醜dl

  Large vertical slip rate disproportionate to

the length distinguishes the active faults in

the Izu Borderland from the other majorinlan(i active faults in Japan.Frequent occur-

rence of large earthquakes is usually-expect-

ed from faults in order to maintain this high

activity. Nevertheless,no earthquake has

been recor(1e(1in this region except for the

Ansei-Tokai earthquake of1854,when the

Iriyamase fault moved around the mouth of

the River Fuji.

  The mode of seismic activity,i.e.recur-

rence interval of earthquakes from a fault

and their magnitude or amount of slip,has

been estimated only for the:Kozu-Matsuda

fault in the Izu Borderland.Matsudaα召1.

(1978)identified the:Kozu-Matsuda fault to

the source fault of the Oiso-type earthquake.

Furthermore Matsuda(1985)estimated itsrecurrence interval at l70years and the verti-

cal slip per event at O.5to1.Om,based on the

assumption that the magnitude is M=7con-

si(iering that the fault length(10to20km)is

not large.

  On the other hand,Yamazaki(1985)proposed a quite different estimation that the

interval is as long as 2,000 years and the

vertical slip more than7m.These values

were drawn on the basis of geological an(1

geomorphological evidences.They are:1)

The Ashigara Plain has been subsiding con-stantly at a・rate of O.65m/103years since

middle Late Pleistocene.2)Both the Oiso

Hills and the Ashigara Pain were uplifted by

the great Kanto earthquake of1923.3)Three

levels of the Holocene marine terrace sur-

faces are recognized along the Oiso Hflls.

Accordingly,two modes of coseismic uplift,

the first being the Oiso-type earthquake with

long recurrence interval and the secon(i the

Kanto-type earthquake with shorter interval

(about800years),were considered to overlap

in the Ashigara Plain and the Oiso Hills.The

model of the cmstal movement in Fig.24

explains well this overlapping an(1the three

pieces of evidence above.The step-like lines

in Fig.24show the vertical movements of the

Oiso Hills(upper,uplifting)and the Ashigara

Plain(10wer,subsiding).This demonstrates

that the latest Oiso-type earthquake is dated

ca.2,300yr B.P.and there after this region

has been uplifted only by Kanto-type earth-

quakes.

  The other active faults seems to have simi-

1ar characteristics of seismicity to the Kozu-

Matsuda fault ludging from their large slip

rate an(i absence o:f earthquake record in the

last1,000years. These active faults are

imbricatedthrusts in accretionaryprisms and

can be regar(ied as subsidiary faults branch-

ing from the main fault.The main fault itself

is the plate boundary between the PHS and

EUR and only this fault acts as earthquake

source.Therefore,the recurrence intervals

of earthquakes cannot be proportional to the

activity and the length of each surface active

faults.The seismicity along the plate bomd-

ary in t五e Izu Bor(ierland is not so active as

39

恥申島=》

08器罹蓋

3

/!

                  /①

糀、二擁//

//

//

4/

回α6錦3y

Fig.24

A△A蝿Ev.。農② AS糊GARA PLAlN

        EARTHQUAKE

△OISOfypeぬKANTO骨ype

『『T 6Ky

Diagram showing the relationship between

the cmstal movements on the Oiso Hills and

Ashigara plain and the occurrence of the

Oiso-type earthquakes.

L Uplift rate of the Oiso Hills.  2:

Subsidence rate of the Ashigara Plain.Filled

triangles: Occurrence of the Kanto・type

eαrthquakes. Open triangles:Occurrence of

the Oiso・type earthquakes.

一649一

Page 48: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

β%Jl(3ガ銘 (ゾ 孟h6 0601091αzl Sz67∂6ッ (~プノ吻)ごz%, Vbl.43,〈石o.ヱ0

along the Nankai trough or the southernSuruga trough.The difference of the form of

plate convergence again well explains the

longer recurrence interval in the Izu region.

That is to say,the buoyant sub(1uction and

the collision in the Izu Borderland consume

much less energy in faulting along the plate

bomdary than a normal subduction.So,slow

rates o:f stress accumulation along the plate

boundary faults causes the recurrence inter-

val to be longer than that of the boundary

along Nankai trough.

  Ishibashi(1988a,b)proposed the N-S tren-

ding fracture zone,West Sagami Bay frac-

ture zone,splitting the PHS onthe east of Izu

PeninsulaforthesourceofM=7sizeearth-quakes which have caused serious damage on

Odawara city with about73years interval

during historical times. This proposal is

mainly base(i on the analysis o:f the crustal

movement at great Kanto earthquake of1923,0f tsmami sources and of damage dis.

tribution of several historical earthquakes.

In spite of the obvious structure o:f the

proposed model of the fracture zone,no evi-

dence supPorting the proposal is found except

the uplift of the Hatsushima Island off Atami

coast and submarine scarps in WestemSagami Bay.Although the fracture zone is

inferred beneath the westem margin of the

Ashigara Plain,any supporting evidence can

not recognized in this area at present time.

Accordingly,it is difficult to comment on this

fracture zone from the viewpoint of theQuatemary tectonibs on land..

9.CONCLUSIONS

  The Izu Bor(1erland is a convergent plate

boundary on land that combines Suruga

trough with Sagami trough. The tectonic

evolution and recent cmstal movement along

this boundary are discusse(i on the basis of

geological and geomorphological research

from the viewpoint of plate tectonics.

Through this research,the author revealed

the significance of the regional Quatemary

faulting in the setting of plate tectonics in the

Izu Bor(ierland an(1 interprete(1 that the

active faults in the region are characteristi-

cally the imbricated thrusts with shortlength and high slip-rafe occurred in the

accretionary prism.This study also revealed

that the Izu Bor(1erland,previously believed

to be a uniform collision zone between the

PHS and EUR,can be(1ivided into two zones,

the zone of collision s6%sz6 sかづ6オo an(i the

buoyant subduction zones,on the basis of the

regional features of Quaternary tectonics.

Besi(1es,the author discussed.the style and

recent activity of an active fault in this area

with respect to the coseismic cmstal move-

ment.Consequently,this stud.y may be useful

in the advancement of the knowledge on the

seismotectonics in the Izu Borderland which

is in(1ispensable for the earthquake pre(iiction

inJapan.  The main results are as follows.

  1) The study area to the north of Izu

Block is divi(ie(l into three areas accor(iing to

their tectonic characteristics. In each area,

the Quatemary chrono-stratigraphy, geo-

10gic structures and active faults,especially

with respect to their history of activity and

the crustal movement in both sides of the

fault,were described.

  2)Distinctive active fault systems have

developed in the Izu Borderland surrounding

the northem margin of Izu Peninsula.Thrust

type dip slip faults are predominant in this

region with the highest class slip-rate in

Japan. In the area to the north of Suruga

Bay,there are two N-S trending fault sys-

tems which consist of several short faults

arranged en echelon.The eastem,Izu side

system is younger and more active than the

westem system in the Quatemary.This indi-

cates that the place o:f intense fault activity

migrates Izu・ward from west to east.The

same phenomena wasrecognize(1inthe south-

em foot of Tanzawa Mts.The length ofeach

fault,1ess than20km,is very short dispropor-

tionately to its high activity(slip-rate more

than l m/103years)as compared with thesame type of active faults in other regions of

Japan.

一650一

Page 49: Hamo YAMAzAKI*YAMAZAKI Haruo(1992) Tectonics of a plate collision along the northem margin of Izu Peninsula,central Japan.Bul1.Geol.Surv.Japan,vo1. 43(10),p.603-657,24fig.,6tab.

T60渉o%乞os ごzlo/z9 孟h6 7zoπh6ηzηzごz讐歪% (ゾ1乏z6Pε%1箆sz諾召 偉.y4ηzαzごzた∂

  3)The Quatemary system in the studyarea is classifie(1into basin fill type and non

basin fi11-type deposit on the basis of their

lithofacies,thicknesses and tectonic features.

The active faults develop on the boundary

between older uplifted deposits in the Honshu

side and present sedi血entary basin in the Izu

side.Subsiding areas have migrated towards

Izu Peninsula along with the migration of

fault systems.

  4)The Quatemary tectonics inmost Pa「ts

of the Izu Bor(ierland are controlled by buoy-

ant subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate

except for a small portion where exact colli-

sion occurs.That is,the Izu Borderland is

not a uni:form collision zone as has been

supposedl widely.The buoyant subduction is

evi(ienced by the formation of accretionary

prism on lan(1in this region.Accordingly,the

active faults in the Izu Bor(1erland are im-

bricated thrust faults caused in accretion

process,as branche(i fault from the concealed

boundary fault of plates.This is one of the

reasons why the active faults in the Izu

Borderland have higher slip-rate than those

in other region of Japan independent of their

fault length.

  5)It is impossible to interpret all of the

active faults and crustal movement from the

viewpoint of the accretion process.The three

regions divided in the conclusion1)show

distinct regional tectonic difference. This

difference is ascribed to the variety of the

form of plate convergence. The formchanges from collision s6nsz6 s渉万660 in the

southem margin of Tanzawa Mts.,to buoy-

ant subduction in both eastem and westem

flanks of the Borderland,and finally normal

subduction along the Suruga and Sagami

troughs.Besi(ie this difference in space,the

transition of convergence form were reco9-

nized:in the southem margin of Tanzawa

Mts.,buoyant subduction was converted to

collision at the en(l of Early Pleistocene.In

the Oiso Hills and the Ashigara Plain,buoy-

ant subduction commenced in early Middle

Pleistocene.

 6) The active faults in the Izu Borderland

have a recurrence interval of several thou.

sand years and the displacement by an event

should be more than several meters.They

are essentially imbricated thrusts in the ac-

cretionary prisms:therefore,it is themegathrust along the upper surface of the

subducting slab which is the controlling force

of the activity of the above mentioned fahlts.

The seismic activity represente(1by the

active fault movement along the northem tip

of the PHS(iecreases from the normal sub-

duction zone of Suruga and Sagami troughs

to the collision area ofthe southemmargin of

Tanzawa Mts.due to the steepening and the

buoyancy of the subducting slab. This

decrease accords with the low frequency of

earthquakes in the Izu Borderland.

Ack盟ow亙e〔墨geme麺ts

 The author expresses his gratitude to Mr.

Yoshihiro Kinugasa,the chief of the Seis-

motectonic Research Section,GeologicalSurvey of Japan,and Professor emeritus

Sohei Kaizuka and Professor Hiroshi Ma-

chida of Tokyo Metropolitan University,for

their kin(1 supPorts and guidances of this

work.An(1he is also in(1ebted to Professor

Tokihiko Matsuda of the EarthquakeResearch Institute,University of Tokyo and

Dr.Katsuhiko Ishibashi,Building Research

Institute,Ministry of Construction,and co1-

1eagues of Seismotectonics Research Section,

Geological Survey of Japan for their discus-

sion and suggestion on the Quaternarytectonics in the Japanese Islands.

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(*in JaPanese,**in Japanese with English

    abstract)

伊豆半島北縁プレート境界域の地殻変動

山 崎 晴 雄

要  旨

 フィリピン海プレートとユーラシアプレートの衝突境界と考えられる伊豆半島の北縁部地域は,衝突運

動を反映した第四紀の活発な地殻運動の存在が知られている。しかし,従来の研究では極めて広域的なプ

レート運動と,実際に野外で観察される活断層の運動やそれに関連する地殻変動との具体的な関係の解明

は不十分であった。このため,地震予知上重要な地震テクトニクスの研究もあまり進捗していなかった。

 広域テクトニクス上での活断層の運動の意味を明らかにするため,本論では伊豆半島北縁部を1.駿河

湾北岸内陸域,2.丹沢山地南縁地域,3.大磯丘陵・足柄平野地域に分け,各地域の第四系の層序,層

相,及び断層運動の調査等を通じて第四紀中・後期の地殻変動史を復元した。この過程では,断層活動の

考察において,従来からの相対的な断層変位速度だけでなく,断層に境される各地塊の隆起・沈降などの

絶対運動にも着目して調査を進めた。これから第四系を堆積時及びその後の地殻変動の特徴によって大き

く4つに区分した。

 地殻変動史の調査から,各地域に共通するいくつかの広域的な地殻変動の特徴と,他地域とは一致しな

い独自の特徴が認められた。広域的な特徴は激しい沈降域が徐々に隆起域に変化することと,活断層や沈

降域などが規則的,周期的に伊豆側に移動することである。この特徴に基づいて地質構造の発達モデルが

構築された。

 このモデルの成因の考察,並びにモデルに当てはまらない諸特徴の原因の考察から,伊豆北縁部での地

殻変動は,基本的には陸的な性格をもつ軽いスラブの沈み込み(浮揚性沈み込み)が従来衝突域と考えら

れていた内陸地域にも起きているため,そこに付加体が形成されること,そして,更にその運動の進行の

結果沈み込み帯が衝突域に変化することで説明できる。すなわち,現在の駿河,相模両トラフの陸側延長

域では浮揚性の沈み込み運動が進行し,古い沈降域の隆起と新しい沈降域及び断層運動の伊豆側への移動

が起きていると考えられる。これに対し,丹沢山地南縁は伊豆地塊の沈み込みが困難となったために衝突

境界に変り,上記の沈降域の形成などの沈み込み帯の特徴が全く認められなくなっている。

一656一

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T66茜07z∫os 召lo%9 孟h6 %07孟h67n 盟z6z碧勿z(ゾZ2z6P67zJnsz読z Oワ1. y2z%zごzzご漉∂

 これから,この地域に存在する活断層の多くは付加体中に発達する覆瓦スラストと考えられ,これを支

持するデータやその特徴を提示した。更に,この考えに立って国府津・松田断層の活動周期,変動様式を

考察し,従来の内陸活断層とは断層長と変位量の関係などを同列に論じられないことを示した。

(受付:1992年4月16日。受理:1992年7月13日)

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