handout ron klinczar 6pp.pdf

8/20/2019 handout Ron Klinczar 6pp.pdf

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Social, Economic, and

Meeting People’s Needs Beyond

the 21st Century

Ronald Klinczar, P.E., LEED APPrincipal Project Manager/Senior Associate

Hatch Mott MacDonaldFebruary 22, 2010

Introduction of Presenterntroduction of Presenter

Ronald J. Klinczar, P.E.

Principal ProjectManager/Senior Associate

B.S., Civil Engineering, SUNYBuffalo

Ronald J. Klinczar, P.E.

Principal ProjectManager/Senior Associate

B.S., Civil Engineering, SUNYBuffalo

30 Years Consulting DesignExperience

Preaches balance in design

between infrastructure andenvironment

30 Years Consulting DesignExperience

Preaches balance in design

between infrastructure andenvironment

Presentation Topics - Part A:resentation Topics - Part A:

Our World and the Practice of Engineering

History of the relationship between Societyand its Environment

The Engineer’s Role in Society and in Project

Our World and the Practice of Engineering

History of the relationship between Societyand its Environment

The Engineer’s Role in Society and in Projecteve opmen

Case History 1: Stevens Street Bridge

The Environmental Review Process

Social, Economic, and EnvironmentalConsiderations

eve opmen

Case History 1: Stevens Street Bridge

The Environmental Review Process

Social, Economic, and EnvironmentalConsiderations

Topic 1: History of…opic 1: History of…

…the relationship between Society

and its Environment

…the relationship between Society

and its Environment

A Quick overview ofA Quick overview of

societal thinking,leading to the modernEnvironmental ReviewProcess.

societal thinking,leading to the modernEnvironmental ReviewProcess.

SocratesSocrates

The makeup of man…he makeup of man…

Maslow’s

Hierarchy of

Needs

Maslow’s

Hierarchy of

Needs

Prehistoric Societyrehistoric Society

Basic Survival… Needs of Man met first andforemost by use of earth’s resources

Basic Survival… Needs of Man met first andforemost by use of earth’s resources


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Gehennaehenna

Valley ofHinnom,Reported site

Valley ofHinnom,Reported siteof burning“City GarbageDump”

of burning“City GarbageDump”

Roman Empire: Acqueductsoman Empire: Acqueducts

Pont DuPont Du,

France,built circa19 B.C.

,France,built circa19 B.C.

Roman Sewersoman Sewers

The Romans “recycled”public bath waste waterby using it as part of theflow that flushed under

the latrines.

The Romans “recycled”public bath waste waterby using it as part of theflow that flushed under

the latrines.

The New Dawnhe New Dawn

The Development of America

(1492-1950)

The Development of America

(1492-1950)

The Industrial Revolutionhe Industrial Revolution

The new“factory” wasviewed as agood place

The new“factory” wasviewed as agood place

could be earned,by native bornand immigrantsalike…

could be earned,by native bornand immigrantsalike…

1960’s Environmental Disasters960’s Environmental Disasters

1969 Santa Barbara oil spill -200,000 gallons ofcrude oil from natural gas explosion

1969 Santa Barbara oil spill -200,000 gallons ofcrude oil from natural gas explosion


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1960’s Environmental Challenges960’s Environmental Challenges

1969 Ohio River burning1969 Ohio River burning

1960’s Societal Response960’s Societal Response

1960’s - 1970’s Legislative Response960’s - 1970’s Legislative Response

1965 – Wilderness Act

1967 – Clean Air Act ( set NAAQS)

1968- Wild and Scenic Rivers Act

1965 – Wilderness Act

1967 – Clean Air Act ( set NAAQS)

1968- Wild and Scenic Rivers Act

1970 – Nationa EnvironmentaProtection Act

1972 – Clean Water Act (NPDES)

Various State Acts

1970 – Nationa EnvironmentaProtection Act

1972 – Clean Water Act (NPDES)

Various State Acts

National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)ational Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)

Set the policy for social economic, andenvironmental consideration related toany project, federal, state or local, thatinvolves federal funding or work

Set the policy for social economic, andenvironmental consideration related toany project, federal, state or local, thatinvolves federal funding or work

.

Its purpose is to ensure thatenvironmental factors are weighted fullyin the federal decision making process

.

Its purpose is to ensure thatenvironmental factors are weighted fullyin the federal decision making process

State Environmental Review Actionstate Environmental Review Actions

Similar State Actionsbased on NEPA

Requires a parallel

State environmental

Similar State Actionsbased on NEPA

Requires a parallel

State environmentalreview on all projects

Adds to but does notsupercede NEPA

review on all projects

Adds to but does notsupercede NEPA

The Past Generation…he Past Generation…

1980’s- Industrial Reaction: BusinessCall for Fair Assessment

1990’s- Renewed Environmental Action

2000’s- A Sophisticated Public

1980’s- Industrial Reaction: BusinessCall for Fair Assessment

1990’s- Renewed Environmental Action

2000’s- A Sophisticated Public


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Existing Pony Truss over Erie Barge Canalxisting Pony Truss over Erie Barge Canal

The Pony truss wasdeteriorated beyondrepair.

The Pony truss wasdeteriorated beyondrepair.

closed to traffic inlate 1990’s.

Bridge carried active20” dia. water line

closed to traffic inlate 1990’s.

Bridge carried active20” dia. water line

Community Issuesommunity Issues

Prospect Streetdid not alignwith the City ofLockport grid.

Prospect Streetdid not alignwith the City ofLockport grid.

Severalalignment

alternativeswere studied.

Severalalignment

alternativeswere studied.

Photo 3 Photo 3

Cultural Resourcesultural Resources

The Pony Truss was acontributing elementto the historical ErieBarge Canal. MOAprepared allowed a

The Pony Truss was acontributing elementto the historical ErieBarge Canal. MOAprepared allowed areplacement PrattTruss.

Design agreed to by

State HistoricPreservation Office inNew York.

replacement PrattTruss.

Design agreed to by

State HistoricPreservation Office inNew York.

Stevens Street Truss Layouttevens Street Truss Layout

34 ft. high

267 ft. c/c bearings, 10 panels

34 ft. high

267 ft. c/c bearings, 10 panels

2m elevational difference 2m elevational difference

Truss Membersruss Members

Truss members arefabricated plates

Box section top &

Truss members arefabricated plates

Box section top &

I section verticalsand diagonals

Painted WeatheringSteel

I section verticals

and diagonals

Painted WeatheringSteel

Utilitiestilities

20 inch waterline supportedin floorbeamextensions

20 inch waterline supportedin floorbeamextensions

Gas lines Gas lines


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Decorative Lattice Railingsecorative Lattice Railings

OldOld

NewNew

Further Environmental Issuesurther Environmental Issues

FormerHazardousMaterials site

FormerHazardousMaterials site

Historic StoneArch Canal Wall

Contaminated

Canal Sediments

Historic StoneArch Canal Wall

Contaminated

Canal Sediments

Contractor Erection Techniqueontractor Erection Technique

Erection of the trussbased on the need tonot disturb canalsediments

Erection of the trussbased on the need tonot disturb canalsediments

2005 Video of ErectionProcedure

2005 Video of ErectionProcedure

ABCD WNY 2005 Bridge of the YearBCD WNY 2005 Bridge of the Year

Topic 4: The Environmental Review Processopic 4: The Environmental Review Process

…A brief overview of the NationalEnvironmental Protection Act (NEPA) andits Review Process…

…A brief overview of the NationalEnvironmental Protection Act (NEPA) andits Review Process…

National Environmental Protection Act

(NEPA)

National Environmental Protection Act

(NEPA)

Policy for FederallyFunded Projects.

EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA):

Leads the nation's

Policy for FederallyFunded Projects.

EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA):

Leads the nation's environmental scienceefforts since 1970.

EPA's mission is toprotect human healthand the environment.

environmental scienceefforts since 1970.

EPA's mission is toprotect human healthand the environment.

The Enforcer! The Enforcer!


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Agency and Public Reviewsgency and Public Reviews

Agency Review- Federal, e.g. USACOE

State, e.g.Departments ofEnvironmental

Agency Review- Federal, e.g. USACOE

State, e.g.Departments ofEnvironmentalProtection

Municipalities andLocal Planning

Commissions

Protection

Municipalities andLocal Planning

CommissionsPublic Review-

Various Techniques

Public Review-

Various Techniques

Selecting the “Preferred” Alternativeelecting the “Preferred” Alternative

Document Agency and PublicComments- prepare responses

Address Appropriate Comments andModify Design

Document Agency and PublicComments- prepare responses

Address Appropriate Comments andModify Design

,vote!!

Be prepared for legal challenges

Record of Decision: Publish notice

,vote!!

Be prepared for legal challenges

Record of Decision: Publish notice

Detailed Designetailed Design

”Hard Engineering”

Develop Construction Bid Documents

Incorporate Environmental Restrictions inthe documents

”Hard Engineering”

Develop Construction Bid Documents

Incorporate Environmental Restrictions inthe documents

Finally, Constructioninally, Construction

Your contractor must follow thepermit requirements of the

jurisdictional agencies!

Your contractor must follow thepermit requirements of the

jurisdictional agencies!

In Summaryn Summary

Establish the scope of the project

Allow public comment on Alts to be studied

Study the impacts of each alternative

Allow agency & public comment on Alts

Select an alternative

Design and Build the Project

Establish the scope of the project

Allow public comment on Alts to be studied

Study the impacts of each alternative

Allow agency & public comment on Alts

Select an alternative

Design and Build the Project

Topic 5: Social, Economic, and….opic 5: Social, Economic, and….

…Environmental Considerations…

…In Detail!

…Environmental Considerations…

…In Detail!

These are legislated requirements that allowThese are legislated requirements that allow


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Example: Managing Floodplainsxample: Managing Floodplains

Bridge replacement projects cannotaffect upstream or downstreamflood plain areas

Bridge replacement projects cannotaffect upstream or downstreamflood plain areas

a n a nBridgeWaterwayOpening!!

a n a nBridgeWaterwayOpening!!

Example: Options for Treating Stormwaterxample: Options for Treating Stormwater

Stormwater can be more

toxic than sewage water…

Stormwater can be more

toxic than sewage water…

Suspended Solids

Phosphorus

Nitrates

Suspended Solids

Phosphorus

Nitrates

Stormwater Management: Vortechs Unittormwater Management: Vortechs Unit

Proprietary Product

Utilizes Centrifugal Force to remove TSS

DEC Approved as a Pre-treatment Practice

Does not store water

Proprietary Product

Utilizes Centrifugal Force to remove TSS

DEC Approved as a Pre-treatment Practice

Does not store water

Stormwater Management: Sand Filtertormwater Management: Sand Filter Stormwater Management- Wet or Dry Pondtormwater Management- Wet or Dry Pond

Stormwater Pond – 24 hr settlementStormwater Pond – 24 hr settlement

Example: Landfills to Good Usexample: Landfills to Good Use

Use a clay cap tocontain waste andprevent migrationof groundwater

Use a clay cap tocontain waste andprevent migrationof groundwater


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Presentation Topics – Part B:resentation Topics – Part B:

Sustaining Our World for Our Children and

Beyond

Case History 2: Sacramento Intl. Airport

Paying for Damages

Sustaining Our World for Our Children and

Beyond

Case History 2: Sacramento Intl. Airport

Paying for Damages

Beyond Regulations: The age of VoluntaryCommitment

Sustainability: It’s About Society

Case History 3: Peace Bridge Expansion Project

Beyond Regulations: The age of VoluntaryCommitment

Sustainability: It’s About Society

Case History 3: Peace Bridge Expansion Project

Topic 6: Case History 2opic 6: Case History 2

Sacramento International Airport: NewCentral Terminal BSacramento International Airport: NewCentral Terminal B

Corgan Associates,Lead Architect

Corgan Associates,Lead Architect

Hatch MottMacDonald, CivilSubconsultant

SacramentoCounty, Owner

Hatch MottMacDonald, CivilSubconsultant

SacramentoCounty, Owner

Existing Central Terminal Bxisting Central Terminal B

New Central Terminal Bew Central Terminal B Structural Components of New Terminal Btructural Components of New Terminal B

$75 M APM$75 M APM$75 M APM$75 M APM

Structural Components of New Terminal Btructural Components of New Terminal B

½ Mile Long½ Mile LongUpper LevelUpper LevelViaductViaduct

½ Mile Long½ Mile LongUpper LevelUpper LevelViaductViaduct


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Introduction to LEEDntroduction to LEED

Leadership in Energy and Environmental DesignLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design

Developed by the ArchitectureProfession to AddressEnvironmental Efficiency inBuildings

Developed by the ArchitectureProfession to AddressEnvironmental Efficiency inBuildings

ew onstruct on o ntSystem (69 items in v 2.2) thataffect use of resources

LEED Categories include

Existing Buildings, CommercialInteriors, etc.

ew onstruct on o ntSystem (69 items in v 2.2) thataffect use of resources

LEED Categories include

Existing Buildings, CommercialInteriors, etc.

US GreenBuildingCouncil

US GreenBuildingCouncil

Engineer’s Role in the LEED Processngineer’s Role in the LEED Process

Develop Design to Obtain LEED Points asappropriate

Develop Design to Obtain LEED Points asappropriate

Sustainable Sites (SS)

Water Efficiency (WE)

Sustainable Sites (SS)

Water Efficiency (WE)

Energy and Atmosphere (EA)

Materials and Resources (MR)

Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)

Innovation in Design (ID)

Energy and Atmosphere (EA)

Materials and Resources (MR)

Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)

Innovation in Design (ID)

Site Selectionite Selection

LEED 2.2 SS C1.1 – Avoid Inappropriate SitesLEED 2.2 SS C1.1 – Avoid Inappropriate Sites

Use of Former Parking Lot forNew Construction

Use of Former Parking Lot forNew Construction

Stormwater Designtormwater Design

SS C6.1: Stream Channel Protection andQuantity Control Strategies

SS C6.1: Stream Channel Protection andQuantity Control Strategies

Use of High Albedo Paving Materialsse of High Albedo Paving Materials

LEED 2.2 SS C7.1LEED 2.2 SS C7.1

Use Pavingmaterials, suchas concrete,

Use Pavingmaterials, suchas concrete,

w a so arreflectivityindex (SRI) ofat least 29

w a so arreflectivityindex (SRI) ofat least 29

Establish Contractor Requirementsstablish Contractor Requirements

Construction Waste:LEED MR C2.1requires that 50%of construction

Construction Waste:LEED MR C2.1requires that 50%of construction

from disposal

LEED MR C2.2 75%of constructionwaste diverted

from disposal

LEED MR C2.2 75%of constructionwaste diverted


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Specify Use of Regional Materialspecify Use of Regional Materials

LEED MR C5.1requires that 10%of materials beobtained within

LEED MR C5.1requires that 10%of materials beobtained within

project site

MR C5.2-20% ofmaterials obtained

regionally

project site

MR C5.2-20% ofmaterials obtained

regionally

LEED RatingsEED Ratings

New Central Terminal B: LEED SilverNew Central Terminal B: LEED Silver

Topic 7: Paying for Damagesopic 7: Paying for Damages

Limit State PerspectivesLimit State Perspectives

The “Pollute for free” perspective

“ I can pollute all I want, and as long as itdoes not affect my bottom line, then ok”

The “Pollute for free” perspective

“ I can pollute all I want, and as long as itdoes not affect my bottom line, then ok”

An alternative limit state perspective…n alternative limit state perspective…

The “Do not Pollute” perspectiveThe “Do not Pollute” perspective

“ No one should be allowed to pollute atall. I want my air perfectly clean and mydrinking water pure”

“ No one should be allowed to pollute atall. I want my air perfectly clean and mydrinking water pure”

Example: The cost of clean waterxample: The cost of clean water

CostCost

$$$$The cost to have perfectly pure

drinking water approaches infinityThe cost to have perfectly pure

drinking water approaches infinity

Pollutants (ppm)Pollutants (ppm)

The role of Governmenthe role of Government

CostCost

$$$$

Establish the appropriatelevel of pollutants allowedthat is both safe forsociety and economical

Establish the appropriatelevel of pollutants allowedthat is both safe forsociety and economical

Pollutants (ppm)Pollutants (ppm)


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How does the Govt. manage pollution?ow does the Govt. manage pollution?

Enforcement of Legislation

“Permitting” of new actions

Fines that exceed cost to pollute!!

Enforcement of Legislation

“Permitting” of new actions

Fines that exceed cost to pollute!!

Example: Bridge twinning over streamxample: Bridge twinning over stream

Bridge will unavoidably impact 0.6 acres ofwetland

Bridge will unavoidably impact 0.6 acres ofwetland

Government agency optionsovernment agency options

No regulation: Allow construction to occur withunavoidable wetland impacts>>>unacceptable to society

Block project: No permit to construct, since

No regulation: Allow construction to occur withunavoidable wetland impacts>>>unacceptable to society

Block project: No permit to construct, since

>>>unacceptable to society

What is acceptable?

>>>unacceptable to society

What is acceptable?

Paying for Damages (Allowing Pollution)aying for Damages (Allowing Pollution)

Mitigation

Agency has the option of allowing theproject to occur but stipulating payingfor damages through mitigation.

Mitigation

Agency has the option of allowing theproject to occur but stipulating payingfor damages through mitigation.

et an mpacts can e m t gatethrough a 3:1 or 4:1 replacement ratio

et an mpacts can e m t gatethrough a 3:1 or 4:1 replacement ratio

Other forms of mitigation:ther forms of mitigation:

Correcting for negative factors

Compensating owners for property value loss

Erecting noise barriers

Correcting for negative factors

Compensating owners for property value loss

Erecting noise barriers

Building new parks for torn neighborhoods

Relocating affected businesses to new areas

It’s all part of the Environmental Law!!

Building new parks for torn neighborhoods

Relocating affected businesses to new areas

It’s all part of the Environmental Law!!

Example: Mitigating Visual Impactsxample: Mitigating Visual Impacts

“Screenings”: Elements such as plantings to shieldunwanted views

“Screenings”: Elements such as plantings to shieldunwanted views


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Non-Replacement Techniqueson-Replacement Techniques

Constructing a Fishing Access SiteConstructing a Fishing Access Site

Purchase of Polluting Rightsurchase of Polluting Rights

Environmental protection or tax?Environmental protection or tax?

Non-Mitigatable Impactson-Mitigatable Impacts

Many proposals are not accepted byreviewing agencies

These include actions that would createirreversible damage to the environment

Many proposals are not accepted byreviewing agencies

These include actions that would createirreversible damage to the environment

Historic BuildingsHistoric Buildings

Parkland

removal

Parkland

removal

Topic 8: Beyond Regulation:opic 8: Beyond Regulation:

There is a continuous evolution of the balancehumans maintain with their environment.

There is a continuous evolution of the balancehumans maintain with their environment.

…The age of voluntary commitment…The age of voluntary commitment

More voluntary activities are happening.

It is politically correct to be green.

More voluntary activities are happening.

It is politically correct to be green.

Neighborhood Clean-upseighborhood Clean-ups Recycling Movementecycling Movement


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Is that what our society wants?s that what our society wants?

Extreme Measures…xtreme Measures…

Topic 9: Sustainability: Its About Societyopic 9: Sustainability: Its About Society

Society must make a living. That creates ademand.

The earth supplies what society needs. Itrepresents the supply.

Society must make a living. That creates ademand.

The earth supplies what society needs. Itrepresents the supply.

Sustainability is about ensuring that thesupply of the earth’s resources can meetsocietal demand, continuously…

across time. Across geographic and economic boundaries

Sustainability is about ensuring that thesupply of the earth’s resources can meetsocietal demand, continuously…

across time. Across geographic and economic boundaries

Space Explorationpace Exploration

Has to date confirmed that the supply ofresources available to man is finite.

Has to date confirmed that the supply ofresources available to man is finite.

Photos courtesy NASAPhotos courtesy NASA

Earth’s Populationarth’s Population

u l a t i o n

u l a t i o n

6 Bil6 Bil

3 Bil3 Bil

P o p

P o p

1900 1950 20001900 1950 2000

1 Bil1 Bil

Sustainable Practicesustainable Practices

Practices that lend themselves towardeither increasing the supply ofresources or reducing the demand ofresources, while meeting societies

Practices that lend themselves towardeither increasing the supply ofresources or reducing the demand ofresources, while meeting societies

nee s Personal: turn off faucets

Workplace: automated light switches

Professional

nee s Personal: turn off faucets

Workplace: automated light switches

Professional

Sustainable Practicesustainable Practices

Reforestation: Trees are known as a“renewable resource” ( Supply)

Reforestation: Trees are known as a“renewable resource” ( Supply)

Public transportation: reduce overallfuel consumption ( Demand)

Public transportation: reduce overallfuel consumption ( Demand)


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An unsustainable societyn unsustainable society

Resources do not meetdemand

Resources do not meetdemand

HaitiHaiti

Available resources cannot be adequatelydistributed

Black markets spring up

Available resources cannot be adequatelydistributed

Black markets spring up

Beyond Sustainabilityeyond Sustainability

A philosophical and economic look atreaching an equilibrium state in theuse of our planet

Let X = demand for resources per person

A philosophical and economic look atreaching an equilibrium state in theuse of our planet

Let X = demand for resources per person

Pt = today’s population

Pf = future population

Pt (Xt) = total resource demand rate today

Pf (Xf) = total resource demand rate future

Pt = today’s population

Pf = future population

Pt (Xt) = total resource demand rate today

Pf (Xf) = total resource demand rate future

Beyond Sustainabilityeyond Sustainability

Similarly, Supply ofResources

r = resource renewal rate

Similarly, Supply ofResources

r = resource renewal rate

T =technology rate ( as an increasein resource supply)

S = So + r + t – Pt (X) = change in

resource supply

T =technology rate ( as an increasein resource supply)

S = So + r + t – Pt (X) = change in

resource supply

Will we reach a point where demand

exceeds resource supply?

Will we reach a point where demand

exceeds resource supply?

Year ???Year ???

Topic 10: Case History 3opic 10: Case History 3

US/Canada Peace Bridge CapacityExpansion

Original Peace Bridge Constructed 1927

US/Canada Peace Bridge CapacityExpansion

Original Peace Bridge Constructed 1927

Capacity Issues led to consideration of newbridge in 1990’s

Goal: Open 2nd bridge on 75th Anniversaryin 2002

Capacity Issues led to consideration of newbridge in 1990’s

Goal: Open 2nd bridge on 75th Anniversaryin 2002

Peace Bridge Crossing of Niagara Rivereace Bridge Crossing of Niagara River


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It’s 2010, and there is no new bridge…t’s 2010, and there is no new bridge…

What has happened?What has happened?

USACOE Concerns

Organized Response

USACOE Concerns

Organized Response

Community Concerns

Due Process

Further Environmental

Concerns

Community Concerns

Due Process

Further Environmental

Concerns

USACOE Concerns – mid 1990’sSACOE Concerns – mid 1990’s

River LevelsRiver Levels

Niagara River is ahighly regulatedwaterway

Niagara River is ahighly regulatedwaterway

New piers for twinbridge could notresult in rise inwater level relatedto head loss

New piers for twinbridge could notresult in rise inwater level relatedto head loss

Organized Response-1999rganized Response-1999

New Millennium GroupNew Millennium Group

Creative advocate for anew, signature PeaceBridge, an InternationalGatewa and full

Creative advocate for anew, signature PeaceBridge, an InternationalGatewa and full,restoration of Front Park.

Effectively stoppedtwinning of existing bridge

through public campaign

,restoration of Front Park.

Effectively stoppedtwinning of existing bridge

through public campaign

Due Process -2001ue Process -2001

Challenge raised on EIS Process Used

Legal challenges

Resulted in need to re-start environmentalprocess and fully consider range of

Challenge raised on EIS Process Used

Legal challenges

Resulted in need to re-start environmentalprocess and fully consider range of

alternativesalternatives

Further Environmental Concerns

-2009

urther Environmental Concerns

-2009

Bird Flight PatternsBird Flight Patterns

NYSDEC and USFWSconcern for migratingbirds, the common

NYSDEC and USFWSconcern for migratingbirds, the common

,gulls

A reduced bridgeprofile reported toresult in less birdsstriking the bridge

,gulls

A reduced bridgeprofile reported toresult in less birdsstriking the bridge

Christian Menn’s Two-pier cable Stay bridge

Christian Menn’s Two-pier cable Stay bridge

What the Future Holds…hat the Future Holds…

5 Designs have been accepted asEnvironmentally acceptable

5 Designs have been accepted asEnvironmentally acceptable

Forthcoming ROD

Selection of a referred

Forthcoming ROD

Selection of a referred

bridge type

Design

Construction by 2015?

bridge type

Design

Construction by 2015?


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Thank You for Your Attentionhank You for Your Attention

Please live, work, and practice sustainably!Please live, work, and practice sustainably!