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An Giang, ngy 27/04/2009THAM LUN HI THO

HIN TRNG S DNG THUC BVTV TI TNH AN GIANG V NHNG NH

HNG CA VIC S DNG THUC N SC KHO V MI TRNG

Trung tm NC PNTN - Khoa Nng nghip TNTN Trng i hc An Giang

1. Gii thiu An Giang l tnh u ngun lu vc ng bng sng Cu Long, nm gia hai nhnh sng Tin v sng Hu ca sng M Kng, gip vi cc tnh ng Thp, Cn Th, Kin Giang v nc bn Cam-pu-chia. An Giang vi din tch 3.536,67 km2, dn s 2.231.062 ngi, trong 71,6% l ngi dn nng thn (Chi cc thng k An Giang, 2007). Din tch sn xut la 520.322 ha/nm, chim 89,5% din tch sn xut nng nghip hng nm. Nm 2007, nng sut la t trung bnh 6,04 tn/ha, ng Xun l v trng t nng sut cao nht t 7,11 tn/ha. Theo kt qu t Tng cc thng k Vit Nam (2007) cho thy, An Giang cung cp 16,63% sn lng la cho vng BSCL v 8,64% sn lng la c nc. Theo S Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn (NN & PTNT) An Giang (2009), do thm canh tng v to p lc ln v su bnh v nhim mi trng Kt qu iu tra trong nm 2008 ca Trng i hc An Giang cng ghi nhn tnh hnh s dng thuc BVTV ti a phng trong tnh cn rt nhiu vn khng hp l v vic s dng thuc BVTV theo hng an ton. T nm 2001, ngnh nng nghip tnh An Giang trin khai nhiu chng trnh sn xut la theo hng bn vng nhm gip nng dn nng cao trnh canh tc, ci thin thu nhp (S NN & PTNT An Giang, 2009), cc chng trnh ny c nhng thnh cng v gy c ting vang ln trong c nc v cng ng quc t. Tuy nhin thnh cng hn na v rt ngn c k hoch pht trin nn nng nghip bn vng, nht thit phi cn c s tham gia tch cc t pha cng ng ngi s dng nng dc. V thi quen s dng thuc BVTV rt lu, thay i thi quen s dng thuc BVTV ca ngi sn xut cng cn phi c mt chin lc lu di v cn phi phi hp nhiu bn: nh nc, cc cng ty, cc nh khoa hc, cc t chc phi chnh ph v ngi nng dn.Trong phm vi bi vit ny, chng ti xin gii thiu c bn v hin trng s dng thuc BVTV ti An Giang, tnh hnh qun l v nh hng ca cc cp qun l c lin quan a phng v nh hng ca thuc BVTV i vi sc khe ca ngi dn. Nghin cu c thc hin trong nm 2008 ti x Vnh Hanh, huyn Chu Thnh, tnh An Giang di s ti tr ca PAN AP. 2. Thuc BVTV v tnh hnh s dng 2.1. Hin trng thuc BVTV Vit Nam Bng 1: Tng quan v thuc BVTV ti Vit Nam

Loi nng dc Tn thng mi T l (%) Hot cht T l (%) Cng tyThuc tr su 962 43,3 292 40,6 -Thuc tr nm 656 29,5 221 30,7 -Thuc tr c 400 18,0 130 18,1 -Thuc dit chut 20 0,9 13 1,8 -Thuc dit c 74 3,3 15 2,1 -Kch thich ST 105 4,7 44 6,1 -Cht dn d

(Pheromone)7 0,3 5 0,7 -

Tng cng 2.224 100 720 100 254Ngun: Danh mc thuc BVTV, B Nng nghip PTNT, 2008

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Theo danh mc thuc BVTV B NN & PTNT cho php s dng nm 2008, 3 nhm thuc tr su, bnh v c l chim a s (Bng 1) . Trong thuc tr su l nhm thuc c tnh c cao nht cng chim t l nhiu nht, k n l nhm thuc tr nm v thuc tr c. S lng v chng loi cc lai ha cht nng nghip rt a dng (2.224 tn thng mi; 720 hot cht) do 254 cng ty tham gia sn xut v kinh doanh. y l c hi cho ngi tiu dng, nhng l thch thc ca nh qun l v cho c ngi s dng trong vic la chn nhng sn phm c hiu qu trong phng tr theo hng an ton. 2.2. Hin trng s dng thuc BVTV An Giang

Bng 2 cho thy, t nm 2001 2005, s kho cha thuc An Giang ngy cng tng v tng mnh vo nm 2003. Trong cc loi gc thuc hin ang c trn th trng, gc Ln hu c chim t trng ln nht. Thuc BVTV c gc Ln hu c c c tnh thuc nhm I, gy c cp tnh cao do tc ng trn h thn kinh, do vy Ln hu c rt c vi ng vt mu nng v thin ch. Nhm Carbamate th chuyn tnh v ph tc ng hp hn, nhng cng gy tc ng mnh n h thn kinh, nn vn c vi ngi v thin ch (Trn Vn Hai, 2003). Theo thng k ca S Nng nghip v PTNT An Giang hng nm c khong 183.000 tn phn ha hc cc loi v khong trn 1.000 tn thuc BVTV xung ng rung (S NN & PTNT An Giang, 2009).Bng 2: Hin trng lu tr v s dng ti cc kho thuc BVTV ti An Giang

S lng (kg)STT Nm Tng s khoLn hu c Carbamate Loi khc Tng lng

1 2001 42 165.000 - - 165.000 2 2002 73 158.000 - - 158.000 3 2003 163 98.000 - - 98.000 4 2004 163 42.300 - 3.020 45.320 5 2005 171 156.845

(65,28%) 36.513

(15,20%) 46.924

(19,30%) 240.282 (100%)

Tng s 612 620.145 36.513 49.944 706.602 Ngun: L Minh Uy, Trung tm Y t d phng An Giang, 2009 Theo bo co ca Trm BVTV huyn Chu Thnh - An Giang (2009), c tnh nm 2008

trn a bn huyn Chu Thnh vi din tch 61.366,5 ha trng la nng dn s dng lng phn bn v thuc BVTV nh sau:

- Phn bn cc loi: 21.908 tn - Thuc BVTV: 120 tn - V bao b, chai l: 6,1 tn Trong thc t, lng phn bn v thuc BVTV c cy trng hp thu vi mt lng nht

nh, phn cn li b bay hi, chy trn hoc ngm vo t. y l nguyn nhn chnh gp phn gy ra tnh trng nhim mi trng t, nhim ngun nc, nh hng khng tt n sc khe con ngi (Trn Th Thanh Thy, Trm BVTV huyn Chu Thnh An Giang, 2009). 2.3. Hin trng s dng thuc BVTV ti Vnh Hanh 2.3.1. Nhm thuc s dng

Nng dn s dng 65 gc thuc (154 tn thng mi). Cc nhm thuc BVTV thng s dng gm c: thuc tr bnh, thuc tr cn trng v thuc tr c (Bng 3). Cc nhm thuc ny, tr valiadamycin A c tnh c thp, cc nhm cn li u c kh nng gy c vi mi trng v hy hoi ngun li thy sn v c vi c (Trn Quang Hng, 1999).

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Bng 3: Cc gc thuc ph bin thng s dng ti x Vnh Hanh, Chu Thnh, An Giang STT Tn hot cht Nhm Loi dch

hiTnh c Tn sut

1 Difenoconazole Khc Bnh c vi c, t c vi ong mt v k sinh c ch

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2 Propiconazole Khc c vi c 1033 Hexaconazole Khc c trung bnh vi c v ong mt 524 Isoprothiolane Khc c vi c 585 Tricyclazole Khc c nhm II, c trung bnh 786 Validamycin A Khc Khng c vi ong mt v c 497 Pretilachlor Acetamid C c vi c v ong mt 868 Abamectin Tr nhn Cn trng t c vi c 479 Buprofezin c ch c vi c 3810 Fenobucarb Carbamate c trung bnh vi ong mt v c 5711 Fipronil Khc c vi c v rt c vi ong mt 3512 Niclosamide Tr c c Tng i c vi c (c nhm IV) 105

Ngun: Kt qu iu tra x Vnh Hanh, Chu Thnh, An Giang, 2008; n = 100 h 2.3.2. Kinh nghim s dng thuc BVTV Nng dn An Giang cng nh nng dn vng BSCL c thi gian s dng thuc BVTV trong thi gian di t khi chuyn i h thng canh tc t trng cc ging la truyn thng sang cc ging la cao sn (Bng 4). Vic trng nhiu v trn nm nn nng dn phi s dng nhiu phn v thuc BVTV (ph chng 1). Thi gian s dng lu di hnh thnh thi quen v thi quen ny c truyn li cho nhng th h sau. Do vy trong vic chn la thuc s dng ch yu da vo kinh nghim l chnh (ph chng 2). Bng 4: Thi gian s dng thuc BVTV

STT Nm s dng S lng nng dn T l (%)1 30 14 14,00

Tng cng 100 100Ngun: Kt qu iu tra x Vnh Hanh, Chu Thnh, An Giang, 2008 2.3.3. S ln phun thuc trn rung S ln m ngi dn p dng trn rung la ty thuc vo nhiu yu t: kinh nghim sn xut, tnh hnh dch bnh, loi cy trng, cht lng ca thuc BVTV v kh nng khng i vi thuc ca nhiu loi dch hi, Hin nay, trung bnh mi h trng la x Vnh Hanh phun thuc BVTV trung bnh 8,9 ln/v v hin nay dch ry nu (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) v bnh chy l (Pyricularia oryzae Cavara) trn la ang gy hi nghim trng v n nay vn cha c ging la no khng trit i vi cc loi dch hi ny. Nhng t dch ry nu bng pht ngi dn phi phun lin tc (>10 ln/v). Trong 8,9 ln phun trn rung th c n hn 7 ln phi trn nhiu loi thuc BVTV vi nhau. Vic phi trn hin nay l vn cn quan tm v vic phi trn c li l tit kim s ln phun thuc. Tuy nhin kin thc v phng php phi trn l iu cn thit m bo hiu qu trong s dng thuc. Theo bo co ca Trm BVTV huyn Chu Thnh An Giang (2009), s d vic tng liu lng v tng sut s dng thuc BVTV trn ng rung ca nng dn l do: nng dn cha p dng

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dch hi, nng dn c t c kin thc trong vic s dng thuc BVTV, nng dn cha s dng thuc theo qui tc 4 ng (ng thuc, ng lc, ng liu v ng cch). Quan trng hn l nng dn khng c tin tr cho i l khi mua phn bn hay thuc BVTV nn khng ch ng trong chn la sn phm. Khi s dng thuc BVTV, ngi dn cha nhn thc r vn nhim mi trng v nh hng ca n n sc khe con ngi. Mt iu ng quan tm l tnh cng ng cha cao trong vn phng tr dch hi, qun l ng rung v s dng thuc BVTV theo hng t pht, c nhn.

- Ngy nay, quy trnh s dng thuc BVTV trn rung la (c vng i t 85-90 ngy/v) c hon thin (ph chng 3). Da vo qui trnh ny a s cc cng ty gii thiu b cc sn phm ph hp vi tng giai on canh tc la. iu ny kh tin li, tuy nhin cng rt ng c quan tm v mi khi gp vn v dch hi, nng dn suy ngh n gii php v ha cht trc tin. Vi p lc su bnh ngy cng tng nh hin nay, v hin trng sn xut ch yu ph thuc vo ha cht bo v nng sut. Phng thc mi an ton theo hng mi trng rt kh chuyn i. iu cn thit l lin kt ngi nng dn vi nhau v thay i nhn thc ca h. Vic thay i thi quen trong s dng thuc BVTV cn rt nhiu thi gian v cng sc. 2.4. Thuc BVTV vi sc khe v mi trng

- Hng phun thuc: kt qu kho st cho thy c 22,3% phun xt theo ng hng gi, 38,14% i ngc hng, 32,2% khng v 7,63% l ty thuc vo din tch rung.Vi c tnh din tch t canh tc ca tng h nh v vic phn chia l t ph thuc vo iu kin d dng ly nc canh tc l ch yu, mc d c ch n tnh an ton khi s dng thuc, nhng ngi phun xt thuc rt kh phun thuc theo ng hng gi, m bo an ton cho sc khe.

- S dng bo h lao ng: vic s dng bo h lao ng khi phun xt thuc khng c ngi dn quan tm n. iu ny do mt s nguyn nhn ch quan v khch quan nh sau: (1) ch quan: thc v bo v sc khe khi s dng thuc BVTV cha cao, rt kh di chuyn iu kin rung la nc, din tch t nh nn h ngh s t nh hng n sc khe; (2) Khch quan: thi tit nng, cc chng trnh v an ton lao ng cho nng dn rt t c trin khai. C 83,52% ngi phun thuc s dng mt s thit b bo v nh khu trang v gng tay. n nay, c rt t nghin cu v s nh hng ca thuc BVTV n sc khe sau mt thi gian di s dng nn vn cha c tc ng nhiu n thc ca ngi dn.

- Tn tr thuc BVTV: vic tn tr thuc cng l mt thi quen hnh thnh t nhng np sinh hot hng ngy ca ngi dn. Rt t nng dn c mt khu vc ring bit tr thuc BVTV v cc dng c phun xt (Bng 5). Vic c thi quen tn tr thuc trong nh s nh hng n sc khe ca ngi thn trong gia nh, cng nh nhng chai l thuc gn nhng ni cha ng thc n s rt nguy him. Bng 5: Ni d tr thuc BVTV ca nng dn

STT Ni lu tr Tn sut T l (%)1 Ngoi ng 10 9,432 Liu, tri 27 25,473 Vn 3 2,834 Nh 61 57,555 Khc 5 4,72 Tng 106 100

Ngun: Kt qu iu tra x Vnh Hanh, Chu Thnh, An Giang, 2008 - X l rc thi: ngy nay, vic sn xut bao b sn phm c thc hin dng, nhng

vic thu gom chng li th khng c cc nh sn xut thc hin. C 42,97% ngi s dng thuc BVTV vt b dng c cha trn ng, 28,91% t, 9,38% trn, 2,34% vt vo cc ng rc v 16,41% bn cho cc nh ti ch cc chai hoc hp bng nha. Vic s dng chai l ti

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Bng 6). Hin trng x l bao b cha thuc BVTV cho thy thc ngi dn bo v mi trng cha cao. iu ny c th kim chng d dng trn nhng cnh ng, ngi dn thng b nhng chai nha, snh hoc bao b b rung. i vi cc dng c cha thuc BVTV l loi rc thi c hi v kh phn hy theo thi gian, khi khng c thu gom, lng thuc BVTV d tha s i vo ngun nc, c bit nhng chai ng bng thu tinh s v cng nguy him nu chng b v. Bng 6: Cch x l chai l ca nng dn

STT Cch x l Tn sut T l (%)1 Tr li cng ty/ngi cung cp 0 0,002 B trn ng 55 42,973 t 12 9,384 Chn 37 28,915 Ni rc 3 2,346 Khc/bn ve chai 21 16,41 Tng cng 128 100

Ngun: Kt qu iu tra x Vnh Hanh, Chu Thnh, An Giang, 2008 2.5. Tnh hnh ng c thuc BVTV ti An Giang Tnh hnh ng c thuc BVTV tng dn theo nm, Bng 7 cho thy s trng hp nhim c hng nm dao ng t 327- 468 ngi, trung bnh c 391 ca ng c thuc BVTV mi nm, trong a s l ng c do t , tuy nhin c mt t l ng k b ng c t sn sut nng nghip (chim 6,4%). Bng 7: Tnh hnh ngc c thuc tr su t nm 2001-2007 An Giang

Nguyn nhnDo t n ung nhm Do lao ng

Nm S trng hp nhim c

S ca S cht S ca S cht S ca S cht2001 334 327 06 06 02 01 002002 328 310 06 11 00 07 002003 468 434 05 06 00 28 002004 447 407 00 19 00 21 002005 327 319 00 06 00 02 002006 440 366 00 10 02 64 002007 391 332 01 07 00 52 00Tng 2735 2495 18 65 4 175 0

T.Bnh 391 356 3 9 1 25 0T l (%) 100,00 91,22 - 2,38 - 6,40 0,00

Ngun: Trung tm Y t d phng An Giang, 2009 Kho st trong 100 h x Vnh Hanh th c 7 h c ngi tng b ng c 1-2 ln trong

nm. c 10 triu chng ngi phun thuc thng gp, trong cc triu chng nh hoa mt, nhc u, m hi trn mc bnh thng v chong vng chim t l cao (hn 20%). Nhn chung, tnh hnh ngc c thuc BVTV qua kt qu iu tra v qua kt qu thng k t Trung tm Y t d phng tnh An Giang t hoc khng khng gy t vong, nn cha c ngi s dng quan tm nhiu. Tuy nhin thuc c th s tch ly trong cc c quan ni tng v c nhng di chng v sau.

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Bng 8: Mt s triu chng m ngi phun thuc BVTV thng gp STT TRIU CHNG TN SUT T L

(%) 1 Hoa mt (Dizziness) 21 12.352 Nhc u (Headache) 25 14.713 S nhn b nhe (Blurred vision) 16 9.414 m hi trn mc bnh thng (Excessive sweating) 23 13.535 Run tay (Hand tremor) 15 8.826 Chong vng (Staggering) 26 15.297 Nn ma (Nausea/vomiting) 10 5.888 Kh ng/mt ng (Sleeplessness/insomnia) 8 4.719 Kh th (Difficulty breathing) 16 9.4110 Nhp tim bt thng (Irregular heartbeat) 10 5.88 170 100.00

Ngun: Kt qu iu tra x Vnh Hanh, Chu Thnh, An Giang, 2008 2.6. Tnh hnh i l thuc BVTV

iu tra v tnh hnh s dng thuc BVTV An Giang, kt qu cho thy cc i l bn thuc BVTV c mt s c im sau. a s cc i l bn thuc BVTV a phng u thuc cc i l cp 1 v cp 2 ca nhiu cng ty. Ni trng by ca cc i l thng l ni sinh hot hng ngy.Kho d tr th t ni khc, hoc cng c khi cnh nh (gn ch, gn ngun nc sinh hot). Khch hng chnh l nng dn trng la. Nhn chung nhng sn phm by bn u tun theo php lnh v thuc BVTV ca Vit Nam. Cc i l ch c chc nng phn phi v tt c thng tin trn nhn thuc u c vit bng ting Vit.

Tt c cc ca hng c hc v thuc BVTV v c cp chng ch trc khi thnh lp ca hng (do Trm BVTV huyn). Bn cnh , cc cng ty t chc cuc Hi tho thng xuyn trnh by v cch s dng sn phm mi.

V dng c bo h, mt s cng ty cp pht min ph cho nng dn khi bn sn phm (gng tay), nhng s lng rt t v hn ch. a s cc i l khng bn bo h v ngi nng dn thng t mua v bn thn ch i l cng khng hiu r v vic s dng dng c bo h. C khong 50% i l khuyn ngi mua thuc nn x l cc chai l v rc thy theo ng quy nh (50% i l khc th khng c kin). Hu ht cc cng ty khng t chc thu mua li bao b sn phm. Sau khi i l bn sn phm xong th phn x l cn li u do ngi dn t quyt nh.

Nhn chung, cc i l ch tun th v vic bn cc cc sn phm theo ng quy nh ca Nh nc, cn cc yu cu khc nh a im v khong cch n khu dn c ca i l thuc BVTV cha c ch . iu ny nh hng n sc khe cho nhng thnh vin trong gia nh v c cng ng dn c xung quanh. 3. Cc chng trnh gim s dng thuc BVTV ti An Giang

Trong bi cnh tnh hnh s dng thuc BVTV trn lan nh hng nhiu n mi trng v sc khe con ngi. Trong thi gian qua An Giang, S Nng nghip PTNT An Giang kt hp vi B Nng nghip, Vin la IRRI, cc vin trng v cc Cng ty phn bn v thuc BVTV th nghim mt s m hnh mi v c kt qu kh quan. Nhng m hnh ny ph hp v c th chn lc ng dng trong chng trnh CPAM. im mnh ca chng trnh CPAM khi ng dng cc thnh tu ny l ng t gc cng ng cng thc hin gim nh tc ng tiu cc ca thuc BVTV ln sc kho con ngi v mi trng.

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3.1. Chng trnh 3 Gim, 3 Tng Chng trnh Ba gim ba tng c p dng vo An Giang t nm 2001 vi s h tr v

k thut ca Vin Nghin cu la Quc t IRRI, Cc Bo v Thc vt. Tnh An Giang pht ng Chng trnh Qun l dinh dng v dch hi tng hp nay c gi l chng trnh Ba gim ba tng nhm gim bt tnh trng s dng qu nhiu ging, phn v c v thuc ha hc tr su bnh (S NN & PTNT An Giang, 2009).

* C s l thuyt - 3 gim (3G): Gim lng ging gieo s, gim lng phn m v gim s ln phun thuc

tr su, bnh. - 3 tng (3T): tng nng sut v cht lng, tng hiu qu kinh t v tng sc khe v bo

v mi trng. * Hiu qu kinh t ca chng trnh (theo S NN & PTNT An Giang, 2009): Gim lng ging gieo s (kg/ha): gim t 211 kg/ha nm 2001 n nay ch cn mc

117 kg/ha, bnh qun gim c 94 kg/ha. Gim lng phn bn (kg N/ha): gim t 11- 13 kg N/ha, tng ng 25 kg urea/ha. Gim s ln phun thuc tr su, tr bnh: s ln phun thuc tr su gim 2,5 ln, s ln

phun thuc tr bnh gim c 1,0 ln so vi tp qun canh tc truyn thng ca nng dn. Nng sut la tng bnh qun 0,1- 0,5 tn/ha, lin tc qua 15 v sn xut. Bnh qun 1 ha p dng bin php 3G3T, li nhun tng thm c 2.250.000 ng/ha. Nh

vy, vi din tch p dng 3G3T ca 2 v ng Xun v H Thu 2008 l 461.884 ha, nng dn trong tnh tit kim c tng cng l 1.040 t ng. 3.2. Chng trnh 1 Phi, 5 Gim

Theo S NN & PTNT (2009), v H Thu nm 2006 (thng 05, 2006), thc hin s phi hp gia IRRI, Trung tm Nng lng-My Nng nghip ca i hc Nng Lm TP.HCM, Cc BVTV v Chi cc BVTV An Giang tin hnh trnh din thit b san bng mt rung iu khin bng tia laser kt hp thc hin cc th nghim trnh din chng trnh 1 Phi 5 Gim. Chng trnh 1 phi 5 gim c pht trin t chng trnh 3G3T.

* C s l thuyt - 1 Phi (1P): s dng ging tt (ging nguyn chng) - 5 Gim (5G): Gim ging, gim phn m, gim thuc BVTV, gim lng nc ti,

gim tht thot trong v sau thu hoch. * V hiu qu kinh t ca chng trnh: Bng 9 cho thy t vic s dng ging tt v

gim nguyn liu u vo v bo v nng sut chng tht thot gim c chi ph u vo 2,3 triu ng/ha, tng tng lng thu 2,3 triu ng/ha v th tng li nhun 4,4 triu ng/ha (theo S NN & PTNT An Giang, 2009). Bng 9: Hiu qu ca k thut san bng mt rung bng tia laser v p dng bin php 1P5G

CH TIU RRUNG TH IM

RUNG NNG DN

CHNH LCH

Tng chi ph: (ng/ha) 6.211.000 8.434.000 2.373.000Tng thu (ng/ha) 18.377.300 16.060.200 2.317.100Nng sut thc thu: (kg/ha) 6.337 5.538 799Gi bn: ng /kg ) 2.900 2.900 0Li : (ng/ha) 12.166.300 7.726.200 4.440.100

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Ngun: S NN & PTNT An Giang, 2009 3.3. Mt s m hnh c s hp tc gia cc thnh phn trong cng ng

- M hnh cng ng canh tc la cht lng cao theo hng bn vng: An Giang thnh lp cc m hnh trong c s kt hp hp tc gia nng dn, doanh nghip phn bn v thuc BVTV, cc c quan qun l nng nghip cc cp trong vng. Trong m hnh ny ch yu ng dng cc tin b k thut mi ng lot v c s bo tr v k thut ca cc c quan v cc cng ty. Trong m hnh c kt hp xy dng thng hiu ca sn phm v dn dn nng ln p dng cc tiu chun VietGap v GlobleGap.

- Chng trnh qun l chut hi la theo hng sinh thi bn vng: pht trin h thng by cy trng dit chut, pht ng phong tro cng ng ra qun dit chut ng lot trn ton tnh v tp hun cho nng dn v k thut thit lp by cy trng, c im sinh hc, sinh l ca chut hi la.

4. Kt lun

Nhn chung, sn sut nng nghip c bit l sn xut la c vai tr quan trng trong pht trin kinh t x hi ca tnh An Giang. Tuy nhin, do hin trng sn xut nhiu v trong nm, nn nhu cu s dng phn bn v thuc BVTV rt cao v hn na vic s dng thuc BVTV cn nhiu vn hn ch trong vic pht trin mt nn nng nghip bn vng cho An Giang. l nn nng nghip hng vo vic pht trin sn xut cc nng sn v thc phm trn c s bo v mi trng, bo tn a dng sinh hc v s dng hp l ti nguyn thin nhin, cng vi nhng thnh tu cng ngh v ca tin b khoa hc k thut.

Vic s dng ha cht nng nghip khng hp l v cc m hnh thnh cng An Giang cho thy nng sut la hin ti n mc gii hn trn, v con ngi khng th nng cao nng sut ny bng vic tng cng s dng cc ho cht nng nghip. Vn l tm mt gii php bn vng c th gn gi cc ngun ti nguyn t, nc v quan trng l sc khe con ngi. iu ny cho thy cn thay i quan im trong sn xut la, ch n ch lun canh hp l, t ph thuc v phn bn v ha cht BVTV. Tt c cc iu ny mun lm c phi bt u t nhn thc v phi c ngi i tin phong, khi thnh cng s chuyn giao kt qu ny n cng ng. Chung tay gp sc ca cc thnh phn trong x hi, nng dn nh sn sut, nh qun l v cc t chc phi chnh ph, tt c cng hot ng v mt nn nng nghip sch, an ton cho ngi s dng v mi trng sng. Ti liu tham kho

1. Cassman K. G., S. Peng, D.C. Olk, J.K. Ladha, W. Reichardt, A. Dobermann v U. Singh. 1998. Opportunities for increased nitrogen-use efficiency from improved resource managerment in irrigated rice systems. Field crops research 56 (1998) 7-39.

2. Chi cc BVTV tnh An Giang. 2009. Bi tham lun Hi tho Nng cao thc cng ng trong vic s dng thuc BVTV theo hng an ton. T chc ti Chu Thnh, An Giang, ngy 16/04/2009.

3. Dawea D., A. Dobermanna, P. Moyaa, S. Abdulrachmanb, Bijay Singhc, P. Lald, S.Y. Lie, B. Linf, G. Panaullahg, O. Sariamh, Y. Singhd, A. Swarupi, P.S. Tanj, Q.X. Zhenk. 2000. How widespread are yield declines in long-term rice experiments in Asia? Field Crops Research 66 (2000) 175-193. www.elsevier.com/locate/fer.

4. L Minh Uy (Trung tm Y t d phng tnh An Giang). 2009. Ha cht tr su v sc khe. Bi tham lun Hi tho Nng cao thc cng ng trong vic s dng thuc BVTV theo hng an ton. T chc ti Chu Thnh, An Giang, ngy 16/04/2009.

5. Research Center for Rural Development, and Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resource (An Giang University). 2009. Regional report in Chau Thanh district, An Giang province, Mekong delta, Vietnam. PAN AP Conference in 2009 at Penang, Malaysia.

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6. S NN & PTNT An Giang. 2009. Bo co kt qu chuyn giao tin b k thut trn la giai on 2005-2008 v k hoch 2009-1010.

7. Trm BVTV huyn Chu Thnh. 2009. Bi tham lun Hi tho Nng cao thc cng ng trong vic s dng thuc BVTV theo hng an ton. T chc ti Chu Thnh, An Giang, ngy 16/04/2009.

8. Trn Quang Hng. 1999. Thuc bo v thc vt. NXB Nng Nghip. Vit Nam. 9. Trn Vn Hai. 2003. Gio trnh Ha bo v thc vt. Khoa Nng nghip v Sinh hc ng dng, i

hc Cn Th, Vit Nam.

10. Trung tm NC PTNT Khoa Nng nghip (i hc An Giang). 2009. Thc trng s dng thuc bo v thc vt x Vnh Hanh, huyn Chu Thnh, tnh An Giang. Bi tham lun Hi tho Nng cao thc cng ng trong vic s dng thuc BVTV theo hng an ton. T chc ti Chu Thnh, An Giang, ngy 16/04/2009.

Ph Chng Ph chng 1: T l cc sn phm thuc BVTV phn theo mc ch s dng

STT Loi thuc S lng sn phm Trung bnh sn phm/v/nng h1 Thuc tr su/ry/nhn 323 3,232 Thuc tr bnh 406 4,063 Thuc tr c 128 1,284 Thuc tr c 108 1,085 Thuc KTST, phn bn l 58 0,58

Tng cng 1.023 10,23Ngun: Kt qu iu tra x Vnh Hanh, Chu Thnh, An Giang, 2008 Ph chng 2: Cch chn thuc BVTV ca nng dn

STT Cch chn thuc BVTV S lng kin T l (%)1 Theo kinh nghim 93 52,542 Theo nhng ngi k bn 36 20,343 c thng tin t nhn thuc 16 9,044 ngh ca ngi bn thuc 32 18,08 Tng cng 177 100

Ngun: Kt qu iu tra x Vnh Hanh, Chu Thnh, An Giang, 2008

Ph chng 3: Cc thi k s dng thuc BVTV v ha cht nng nghip trn la

CC GIAI ON SINH TRNG TRN LATrc khi gieo Gieo s v ny

mm 0-30 NSG 30-60 NSG 60-80 NSG

- Thuc dit c/cua - Thuc x l ht - Thuc tr su - Thuc tr su - Thuc tr su - Thuc tr c - Thuc tr su - Thuc tr bnh - Thuc tr bnh - Thuc tr bnh - Thuc tr bnh - Thuc tr c - Phn bn l - Phn bn l - Thuc KTST - Thuc KTST - Thuc KTST - Thuc dit chut - Thuc dit chut Ngun: Kt qu iu tra x Vnh Hanh, Chu Thnh, An Giang, 2008