haru%kagawa%and%hanako%muraoka%haru’and’hanako’s’husband’were’cousins. fusakichi’...
TRANSCRIPT
Haru Kagawa and Hanako Muraoka
Mariko Fujisawa (Storyteller of Kagawa Memorial Center)
Who are they?
Haru Kagawa
• Haru Kagawa was the wife of Toyohiko Kagawa who was a famous social reformer and an evangelist in Japan. Haru supported seElement acFviFes, labor unions, various co-‐operaFve organizaFons, and ChrisFan acFviFes along with her husband.
Hanako Muraoka
• Hanako Muraoka is famous for translaFng “Anne of Green Gables” and many other popular books. Her translaFon of the Anne series is very popular and re-‐printed over a hundred Fmes in Japan.
Haru Kagawa
• Haru and Toyohiko Kagawa Hanako Muraoka
• Hanako and Keizo Muraoka
“Kagawa Toyohiko Shashin-‐shu” photo no.42
At the 2014 exhibiFon of ‘Hanako and Haru’ in Kagawa Memorial Center
Haru and Hanako’s husband were cousins.
Fusakichi Shiba
Hana
Sister & younger brother
Haru Kagawa
Hanako Muraoka
Keizo Muraoka
Toyohiko Kagawa
Heikichi Muraoka
Mura
cousin
Midori (adopted daughter) Michio Umeko Chiyoko Sumimoto
© Mariko Fujisawa
Heikichi Muraoka • Heikichi Muraoka (Keizo’s father, Haru’s uncle, Hanako’s father-‐in-‐law) was the founder and president of Fukuin PrinFng Company. He was famous for prinFng Bibles, not only in Japan, but also in Asia. Heikichi was a strong supporter of Nihon Kirisuto Kyodan Shiloh Church in Yokohama. His funeral was held at Shiloh Church. Toyohiko served as the minister for his funeral and Haru aEended. Of course, Keizo and Hanako aEended their father’s funeral as well.
“Bibles printed by Heikichi Muraoka” At the 2014 exhibiFon of ‘Hanako and Haru’ in Kagawa Memorial Center
When were Haru and Hanako born?
Haru Kagawa
• Haru Kagawa (formerly Haru Shiba) was born in Yokosuka City, Kanagawa, in 1888.
＊Haru was five years older than Hanako.
Hanako Muraoka
• Hanako Muraoka (formerly Hanako Annaka) was born in Kofu City, Yamanashi, in 1893.
In their teens
Haru Kagawa
• At the age of 14, Haru began to work as a maid. Aber that, she worked as a female laborer at the Fukuin PrinFng Company in Kobe.
Hanako Muraoka
• Hanako studied at Toyo-‐Eiwa Jogakuin in Tokyo from the age of 10-‐20. The school was established by Canadian missionaries.
Website of “Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin”1 Photo number 11 of “Kumonohashira” No.6 (1987)
Hanako Haru
Their educaFon and jobs
Haru Kagawa
• Aber her marriage, Haru studied theology at Kyoritsu Women Seminary. Later, Haru gave many ChrisFan speeches in Japan and the USA.
Hanako Muraoka
• Hanako studied English and read many English books at the school library. Later, she became a translator and a writer.
Website of “Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin” 2 “Kagawa Toyohiko Shashin-‐shu” photo no.46
When did they become ChrisFans?
Haru Kagawa • Haru’s aunt and uncle (Keizo’s
mother and father) were strong ChrisFans and wanted Haru to become a ChrisFan. However, she did not like ChrisFanity and was angry at God because her aunt suffered from pain unFl her death. When Haru met Toyohiko, she was impressed by his ChrisFan sermons and was bapFzed in 1912. She was 24 years old.
Hanako Muraoka
• In 1895, Hanako was bapFzed at the age of 2. Her father was a ChrisFan and wanted Hanako to study at a Canadian mission school because Hanako was very clever.
Their marriage
Haru Kagawa • In summer, 1911, Haru first
met Toyohiko Kagawa at the age of 23. On May 27, 1913, Haru married Toyohiko at the age of 25. As soon as they finished their wedding ceremony, Haru and Toyohiko went back to the Shinkawa slums and took care of poor people and paFents.
Hanako Muraoka
• In 1919, Hanako met Keizo Muraoka at the publishing company. Keizo was an heir of Fukuin PrinFng Company. Keizo had a wife and a son, but had divorced his wife. Hanako and Keizo fell in love. Six months later, Hanako married Keizo at the age of 26.
Their children
Haru Kagawa
• In 1922, Haru had a son, Sumimoto, at the age of 34. He became a church musician. In 1925, Haru had her first daughter, Chiyoko. She became a doctor. In 1929, Haru had a second daughter, Umeko, at the age of 41. Umeko became a Presbyterian minister.
Hanako Muraoka • In 1920, Hanako had a son,
Michio, at the age of 28. In 1926, at the age of 5, he died of children's dysentery. Hanako grieved over her child's death. She suddenly remembered the words from the Bible, “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son.” (John 3-‐16) She realized that her son gave true love to her. Then she decided to create books for children.
• In 1934, at the age of 2, Midori became Hanako’s adopted daughter.
Haru, Toyohiko, and three children
Hanako and her son, Michio
Website of “Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin”3 “Kagawa Toyohiko Shashin-‐shu” photo no. 447
What were they doing? Haru Kagawa • Aber her marriage, Haru
worked for people in Shinkawa slums, Kobe, from 1913 to 1923. Aber the Kanto Great Earthquake, she worked in the devastated areas in Tokyo.
Hanako Muraoka
• Aber graduaFon of Toyo-‐Eiwa, Hanako became a teacher at Yamanashi-‐Eiwa School and an editor of Kyobunkan. Aber her marriage, she became a translator and a writer.
Website of “Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin” 4 “Kagawa Toyohiko Shashin-‐shu” photo no. 40
In 1923, the Kanto Great Earthquake occurred.
Kajima Kensetsu (hEp://www.kajima.co.jp/news/digest/sep_2003/tokushu/toku01.htm)
Asakusa
Shonan Nihonbashi
At the Fme of the earthquake,
Haru Kagawa • At first, Toyohiko went to
Tokyo and returned to get necessary goods. Haru helped Toyohiko and collected money on the street. They bought lots of food, clothes, medicine, and other needed supplies. In October, 1923, the Kagawas moved from Kobe to Tokyo to help the earthquake survivors. Haru was 35 years old.
Hanako Muraoka
• Keizo’s prinFng company was completely destroyed. Keizo’s younger brother and his company’s laborers were killed by the earthquake. So Keizo lost his company. Hanako supported the construcFon of a new prinFng company.
In 1939, World War Ⅱ had begun.
Haru Kagawa • Toyohiko wrote many anF-‐war
arFcles which led to him being arrested by the military police. He became a prisoner in Sugamo. Haru asked many people to rescue him. At last, Japan’s Foreign Minister Yosuke Matsuoka secured his release. During the war, Haru and her family had a hard Fme.
Hanako Muraoka • During the war, it was
dangerous for Hanako to translate and read English books. However, when Hanako evacuated to a bomb shelter, she brought the book and manuscripts of “Anne of Green Gables.” Hanako was finally able to complete her translaFon of “Anne of Green Gables.”
AboliFon of red-‐light districts
Haru Kagawa • Haru lived in Shinkawa slums.
Lots of girls in Shinkawa were sold as prosFtutes to the red-‐light districts. Haru created the “Kakusei Fujin Kyokai (Wake-‐up Women AssociaFon)” at the age of 33.
• In 1928, when she was 40, Haru gave a speech at a meeFng, “The AboliFon of the Red-‐light Districts and Maternity ProtecFon.”
Hanako Muraoka
• In 1910, Hanako began to support aboliFon of red-‐light districts as a member of the “Kyofukai.”
• In 1953, at the age of 60, Hanako became a leader of the commiEee related to problems of the red-‐light districts.
Award
Haru Kagawa
• Haru received the “Tokyo Honor CiFzen” award at the age of 93.
Hanako Muraoka
• In 1960, Hanako received the “Medal with Blue Ribbon” award.
“Kagawa Toyohiko Shashin-‐shu” photo no. 472
Website of “Cabinet Office, Government of Japan”
In 1982, Haru Kagawa passed away at the age of 94.
In 1968, Hanako Muraoka passed away at the age of 75.
Website of “Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin” 5 “Kagawa Toyohiko Shashin-‐shu” photo no. 469
Conclusion
• Haru and Hanako were cousins-‐in-‐law. They lived through the Meiji, Taisho, and Showa years and had experienced five wars. Haru supported seElement acFviFes, labor unions, various co-‐operaFve organizaFons, and ChrisFan acFviFes, along with her husband. Hanako translated lots of books. She gave Japanese children dreams and courage. Hanako’s husband supported her work. They were strong ChrisFans. Even aber experiencing hard Fmes, they believed in the love of God, prayed for others, and helped their neighbors not only in Japan but all over the world.
Notes • The exhibiHon of “Hanako and Haru” was held at Kagawa
Memorial Center in Kobe from September 2 to October 31 in 2014.
• No. of Haru’s photos shows the number from (Kagawa Toyohiko Shashin-‐shu kankokai hen “Kagawa Toyohiko Shashin-‐shu” Tokyo-‐do-‐shuppan, 1988.)
• No. of Hanako’s photos from the website of Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin 1,2 (hEp://www.toyoeiwa.ac.jp/muraokahanako/page3.html#secFon6 ) Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin 3 (hEp://www.toyoeiwa.ac.jp/muraokahanako/page4.html) Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin 4 (hEp://www.toyoeiwa.ac.jp/muraokahanako/page6.html) Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin 5 (hEp://www.toyoeiwa.ac.jp/muraokahanako/page2.html) • “Kumonohashira” No.6 (1987) • Kataribe site of Kagawa Memorial Center (hEp://www.core100.net/lab/pdf_kataribe/
haru1.pdf#search='%E8%B3%80%E5%B7%9D%E3%83%8F%E3%83%AB‘) • Cabinet Office (hEp://www8.cao.go.jp/shokun/shurui-‐juyotaisho-‐hosho.html) • Kajima Kensetsu (hEp://www/kajima.co.jp/news/digest/sep_2003/tokushu/
toku01.htm) • Kagawa Memorial Center (hEp://core100.net/tk/prof.html)
My special thanks are due to: ・Mr. Yoshihito Nishi (Advisor of Kagawa Memorial Center) and story tellers of Kagawa Memorial Center ・Rev. Claudia Genung-‐Yamamoto (United Methodist Church Missionary)
・The President’s office of Toyo Eiwa University