HE k a l a il a in a o k e k A h u l u p e p e k e p a in u m e KE KAH U LU p e p e k eKALELE ‘AKEN A a m e KA IL I ‘A N A O lA M A U K AH U LU PEPEKE ILO K O O

N A M 0 ‘0 L E L 0 ‘O KALAPAN A a m e KALUAIKO 'O LAU

HE PEPA M ULIPUKA K E IA I H O 'O UNA ‘LA I K A MAHELE W L IP U K A O KE K U LA N U IO H A W A I‘1

IM E A E HO'OKO lA AJ N A K O IN A O lA MAHELE O KE

KEKELELAEO'O

M A K A

‘OLELO A M E K A M O'OKALALEO H A W A II

MEI2004

NaJason D. Cabral

Komike Pepa Puka:

Pila W ilson, Luna Komike Kalena Silva

Kauanoe Kamana

Pepa M ulipuka Laeo‘o Ke Kulanui o Hawai‘i ma H ilo

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UMI Number: 1419766

Copyright 2004 by

Cabral, Jason D.

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Ke ho'oia nei mSkou i ko makou heluhelu ‘ana i keia pepa puka a

me kona kapono, i ko makou mana'o, ma kona ‘ano akea a me ka

m a ika 'i i pepa puka no ke Kekele Laeo‘o ma ka ‘Olelo a me ka

M o'okalaleo H aw ai'i.

N A KOM IKE

Luna KSmike

11

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i 2004 na Jason D. Cabral M ei 2004

m

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HO‘OMAIKA‘l

Ua ho'oko ‘ia keia pepa Laeo'o ma m u ll o ke kako'o a me ke kokua ‘ana

m ai o ka po‘e he lehulehu ia ‘u ma keia hana ‘ana o‘u. He ho 'om aika l a he

ho'onani aku i ke Akua Nana m ai na mea a pan, i kona malama a k ia 'i man ‘ana

m ai ia ‘u ma keia ala o‘u e hele nei, E ‘ole ‘o ia, loa‘a ai keia man pom aika'i ia ‘u.

He ho‘omaika‘i a he mahalo palena ‘ole i ko‘u man lua u 'i makua, ‘o George laua

‘o Beatrice Cabral, a me ke koena o ko ‘u ‘ohana i ke kako'o ‘ana m ai ma hope

o‘u me ka ha 'aw ipio ‘ole ma ka‘u man hana e komo ai.

He nu i nO ho‘i ka ho‘om aika‘i ‘ana aku i na lala o ku ‘u kom ike pepa

Laeo‘o, i ka luna kom ike, ke Kauka W illiam H. W ilson, ke Kauka Kalena Silva, a

me Kauanoe Kamana. ‘A 'ole loa i h ik i ke ho'oko ‘ia keia kakau pepa ‘ana me ka

loa‘a ‘ole ‘ana o ko ‘oukou kako‘o, alaka‘i, a paipai ‘ana m ai me ka lu h i ‘ole.

He nu i n5 ko‘u mahalo i ‘elua kanaka nu i loa o ka lokom aika‘1, ‘o ia ho‘i ‘o

Jean ‘Ile i Beniamina laua ‘o James Kalei Shintani Jr no N i‘ihau, i ke kukakuka me

ke p i ‘ole i ko laua ‘ike i ka laua ‘olelo makuahine.

He nu i no ko 'u mahalo i ka po‘e i kukakuka pu me a‘u no keia kakau

pepa ‘ana, mai ke ‘ano o ka ‘ike p ili i komo i loko o keia pepa, ka ho'olana ‘ana i

ku ‘u na‘au i ka wa i piho ai a i ka ho‘omanawanui ‘ana m ai i ko ‘u mau ‘ano a pau,

‘o ia no ‘o Haunani Bernardino, Karla Hayashi, Kainani Kahaunaele, Hanakahi

Kalua, K eiki Kawai‘ae‘a, Larry K im ura, ke Kauka Kale Langlas, Hana Pau, H iapo

Ferreira, Namaka Rawlins, Kehau Shintani a me na kum u a me na haumana o ke

Kula ‘o Nawahlokalani'Opu'u.

He nu i no ko ‘u mahalo ia Kaulana Dameg i kana hana ho'onohonoho i na

mea n u i a me na mea ik i o keia pepa. ‘A 'ole n5 h ik i ke puka me kona kokua ‘ole.

IV

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‘A 'o le no paha i pau loa ke kala ila i ‘ana i keia kumuhana ‘o ke kahulu

pepeke painu a me ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena ia ‘u ma keia kakau pepa ‘ana.

Ua hana nu i ho‘i ka ho‘ohaiki ‘ana i keia kumuhana ma ho'okahi w ahi no ka nu i

a lehulehu o na h i‘oh i‘ona o ke kahulu pepeke, a no ia kum u ho‘i paha i hala ai

kekahi mau ka la ila i ‘ana i ko‘u kakau ‘ana i keia pepa. ‘O iai ho‘i he palena ko na

mea a pau, ua pono e ho‘oku‘u ‘ia pela. No na hemahema, na hewa a me na pa‘i

hewa o keia pepa, no‘u no.

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MANA‘0 H5‘ULU‘ULU

He kalaila ina keia pepa o ke kahulu pepeke painu a me ke kahulu pepeke kalele

‘akena i loko o kekahi hapana o ka mo'okalaleo ‘olelo H aw ai‘i. ‘O iai ‘a‘ole i hana

mua ‘ia he kalaila ina e wehewehe piha ‘ia ai na h i‘oh i‘ona o ia mau kahulu

pepeke, no la ila ke kakau ‘ia ‘ana o keia pepa i kum u w aiw ai na na kum u, na

haumana a me ka po‘e ‘e a‘e i ho ihoi i ke a‘o no ke kahulu pepeke. E ka la ila i ‘ia

na pepeke mole, ‘o ia ho‘i ka pepeke painu a me ke kalele ‘akena, na maka painu,

ka ‘ao'ao ka‘ihua, ka ‘ao'ao kulana aula’a a me ka i l i ‘ana o ia mau kahulu pepeke

i loko o na m o‘olelo ‘o Kalapana a me Kaluaiko‘olau. Ma waho aku o ka

ho‘ahuwale ‘ana he mau ‘ike hou a he mau k i‘ina no‘ono‘o hou no ke kahulu

pepeke, he ho‘oia na ‘ike p ili o keia pepa i ke ka o ke k i‘inaa‘o ma na papa ‘olelo

H aw ai‘i o Ka Haka ‘U la o K e'e likslani no ke kahulu pepeke i ke ‘ano o na kahulu

pepeke e ho ‘ohana ‘ia e ka manaleo.

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an analysis o f verb phrase and actor emphatic relative

clauses w hich occur in selected Hawaiian language and lite ra ry sources. Due to

the lack o f research on the use o f kahulu pepeke (relative clauses) in Hawaiian, this

paper was w ritte n as a resource to be used by teachers, students, and others who

are interested in learning about this grammatical form . Root sentences, verb and

actor emphatic sentences, syntax, semantics, and the d istribu tion of those kahulu

in Kalapana and Kaluaiko'olau are analyzed. Besides producing new insight on

relative clauses, this paper affirm s the current pedagogy concerning this

grammatical form used in Ka Haka ‘U la o Ke‘elikOlani's Hawaiian language

courses vis-a-vis the forms used by native speakers.

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PAPA KUHIKUHI

HO‘OMAIKA‘ l ................................................................................................................................................. iv

MANA'O HD 'ULU 'ULU................................................................................................................................vi

PAPA PAKUHI..............................................................................................................................................xi

MOKUNA 1: Ho'o launa................................................................................................................................11.0 H o 'o la u n a ............... 11.1 Na pahuhopu a me ka ho'onohonoho ‘ia ‘ana.................................................................... 11.2 Ka ‘ik e p i l i ..................................................................................................................................... 21.3 Na no i'ina i hana m ua ‘ia .......................................................................................................3

1.3.1 Na no i'ina a Andrew s a i ka Baker............................................................................31.3.2 Ka lo ilo i ‘ana i nS kala ila ina kahu lu pepeke............................................................ 8

1.3.2.1 Ka wae'anona ‘Qwehe o ke k i'a alaka'i i loko o ke kahu lu pepeke............... 81.3.2.2 Ke kalana o ke k i'a alaka'i i loko o ka pepeke m ole.....................................91.3.2.3 Na kalaila ina kahulu pepeke 'elua ma ka ‘olelo M a o ri................................ 9

1.4 Na n o i'in a i hana m ua ‘ia ................ 10

MOKUNA !!: Na Pepeke Mole............................................................................................................... 112.0 H 0 ‘u lu ‘u lu ....................................................................................................................................112.1 Ka pepeke p a in u .................................................................................................................... 112.2 Ke kale le ‘akena..................................................................................................................... 11

2.2.1 Ke kalele ‘akena p iko ‘o le ...........................................................................................122.2.2 Ke kalele ‘akena p ik o ...................................................................................................12

2.3 N o na ‘akena ‘a'ole he kanaka.............................................................................................12

MOKUNA III: Na Maka Painu................................................................................................................ 143.0 H o ‘u lu ‘u lu ................................................................................................................................... 143.1 Na maka pa inu o ka pepeke m ole ......................................................................................143.2 Na maka painu o ke kahu lu pepeke.................................................................................. 16

3.2.1 Na maka pa inu o ke kahu lu pepeke pa inu ............................................................ 163.3 Na maka painu o ke kahu lu pepeke kalele ‘akena..........................................................16

MOKUNA IV: Na Kahulu Pepeke.........................................................................................................184.0 H o 'u lu 'u lu ...................................................................................................................................184.1 Ke kahu lu pepeke.................................................................................................................. 184.2 Ke kahu lu pepeke p a in u ..................................................................................................... 19

4.2.1 Ke kahu lu pepeke painu p iko 'o le ............................................................................ 194.2.2 Ke kahu lu pepeke pa inu p ik o .................................................................................... 20

4.2.2.1 Ke kahu lu pepeke p iko pa inu kau hope....................................................... 204.2.2.1.1 Ke kahu lu pepeke painu p iko kau hope ku'S lu la ............................ 20

4.2.2.2 Ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko k ino ‘o a k lno 'a .............................................. 214.2.2.3 Ke kahulu pepeke pa inu p iko k ino ‘ole........................................................ 224.2.2.4 Ke kahulu pepeke pa inu p iko k i'a alaka'i ‘ole............................................ 22

4.3 Ke kahu lu pepeke kalele ‘akena.........................................................................................234.3.1 Ke po'o manuahi a manuahi ‘ole o ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena.....................234.3.2 Ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena po'o manuahi..................................................... 234.3.3 Ke kahulu pepeke kalele 'akena po'o m anuahi ‘ole.............................................. 244.3.4 Ka lolelua o kekahi mau kahu lu pepeke kalele ‘akena........................................ 244.3.5 Ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena p iko ‘ole.............................................................. 264.3.6 Ke kahulu pepeke 'akena p ik o ................................................................................. 26

4.4 Na ku 'e lu la ............................................................................................................................. 26

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4.4.1 Ke kapae ‘ana ia "mea." ma hope o "ka " a me na kahulu pepeke painup ik o 'o le ....................................................................................................................... 26

4.4.2 Ke kapae ‘ana i ke k i'a alaka'i ‘o "ka manawa" ma n§ kahulu pepekep a in u p ik o ..................................................................................................................... 27

4.4.3 Ke ka h u lu pepeke m oku .............................................................................................284.4.4 Ke kahu lu pepeke p iko k i'a alaka'i ‘o le...................................................................294.4.5 Ke ka h u lu pepeke k i'a a laka 'i ka h u lu ......................................................................29

4.4.5.1 Ke kahu lu pepeke k i'a alaka'i kahu lu o ke po 'o ...........................................304.4.5.2 Ke kahu lu pepeke k i'a alaka'i kahu lu o ka p ik o .......................................... 304.4.5.S Ke kahu lu pepeke k i'a alaka'i kahulu o ka 'awe.......................................... 30

MOKUNA V: Ka ‘Aui Mole a me ke Kulana Aula'a Mole o ke Ki'a A laka'i....................................325.0 H o 'u lu 'u lu ...................................................................................................................................325.1 Na ku lana aula'a o na k i'a .....................................................................................................325.2 Ka ‘akena....................................................................................................................................32

5.2.1 Ka 'akena o ka ham ani a me ka hehele...................................................................325.2.2 Ka ‘akena o ka 'a'ano a me ke k ik in o .....................................................................33

5.3 Ka...........‘okena............................................................................................................................ 335.3.1 Ka 'okena o ka ham an i............................................................................ 335.3.2 Ka 'okena o ka ‘a'ano a me ke k ik in o ......................................................................34

5.4 Na ka lana aula'a 'e a'e............................................................................................................ 345.4.1 Na ku lana aula'a 'e a'e o na k i'a ...............................................................................34

5.5 Ka ‘akena, ka 'okena, a me na kalana aula'a ‘e a'e i loko o ke kahulupepeke............................................................................................................................................345.5.1 Ke k i'a a laka 'i ‘akena...................................................................................................35

5.5.1.1 Ke k i'a alaka'i 'akena no ka ham ani...............................................................355.5.1.1.1 Ke ki'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahulu pepeke p iko 'ole me ka hamani....355.5.1.1.2 Ke ki'a alaka'i 'akena o ke kahulu pepeke p iko ‘ole me ka hupua

me ka ham an i.......................................................................................................355.5.1.1.3 Ke ki'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahulu pepeke 'akena p iko ‘ole

me ka ham an i......................................................................................................355.5.1.1.4 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahulu pepeke 'akena p iko

me ka ham an i.................................................. 355.5.1.2 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘akena no ka hehele................................................................ 36

5.5.1.2.1 Ke ki'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko‘ole me ka hehele...............................................................................................36

5.5.1.2.2 Ke ki'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko‘ole hupua me ka hehele................................................................................. 36

5.5.1.2.3 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahulu pepeke 'akena p iko'ole me ka hehele...............................................................................................36

5.5.1.2.4 Ke ki'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahulu pepeke 'akena p ikome ka hehele....................................................................................................... 36

5.5.1.3 Ke k i'a a laka'i ‘akena no ka 'a'ano..................................................................375.5.1.3.1 Ke ki'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko

kau hope me ka 'a'ano.....................................................................................375.5.1.3.2 Ke ki'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko

kau hope 'am i p iko ‘o me ka 'a'ano......................... 375.5.1.3.3 Ke ki'a alaka'i ‘akena o ke kahtilu pepeke painu p iko

k in o ‘5 me ka 'a 'ano...........................................................................................37

5.5.1.3.4 Ke ki'a alaka'i 'akena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p ikok ino 'ole me ka ‘a'ano......................................................................................37

5.5.2 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘Okena o ke kahulu pepeke me ka ham ani......................................38

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5.5.2.1 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘Okena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko kauhope me ka ham an i.................................................................................. 38

5.5.2.2 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘Okena o ke kahu lu pepeke painu p iko kauhope ‘am i p iko ‘o me ka ham ani........................................................................... 38

5.5.2.3 Ke k i ‘a alaka'i ‘Okena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p ikok ino 'a me ka ham an i................................................................................................ 39

5.5.2.4 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘Okena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko k ino'o le me ka ham an i.....................................................................................................39

5.5.2.5 Ke k i'a alaka'i 'Okena o ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akenap iko 'o le me ka ham an i...........................................................................................39

5.5.3 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘Okena o ke kahu lu pepeke me ka ‘a'ano........................................395.5.3.1 Ke k i'a alaka'i 'Okena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko ‘ole

m a ka ‘a 'ano.................................................................................................................395.5.3.2 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘okena o ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko ‘ole

hupua i kapae ia "m ea" ma hope o "ka " me ka ‘a'ano......................................405.5.4 Na kalana aula'a '5 a'e ma ke kalana k i'a alaka'i o ke kahulu

pepeke me ka ham an i.....................................................................................................405.5.4.1 Na kulana aula'a '6 a'e ma ke kulana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahu lu pepeke pa inu p iko kau hope me ka ham ani.........................................405.5.4.2 Na kalana aula'a ‘0 a'e me ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahulu pepeke painu p iko kau hope ka'e lu la me ka ham ani.............................405.5.4.3 Na kalana aula'a ‘e a'e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahu lu pepeke pa inu p iko kino 'a me ka ham ani.............................................405.5.4.4 Na kalana aula'a ‘e a'e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahu lu pepeke pa inu p iko kino'O me ka ham ani.............................................. 405.5.4.5 Na kalana aula'a 'e a'e ma ke kulana k i'a alaka'i o ke

kahu lu pepeke painu p iko k ino 'ole me ka ham ani........................................ 415.5.5 Na kalana aula'a ‘S a'e ma ke kalana k i'a alaka'i o ke kahulu

pepeke pa inu me ka hehele...................................................................................... 415.5.5.1 Na kalana aula'a ‘e a'e ma ke ki'a alaka'i o ke kahulu

pepeke pa inu p iko kau hope me ka hehele........................................................415.5.5.2 Na kalana aula'a 'e a'e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke kahulu

pepeke painu p iko kau hope 'am i p iko 'o me ka hehele...................................415.5.5.3 Na kalana aula'a 'e a'e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahu lu pepeke painu p iko k ino 'a me ka hehele................................................415.5.5.4 Na kalana aula'a ‘g a'e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahu lu pepeke painu p iko k ino 'o me ka hehele................................................425.5.5.5 Na kalana auala'a 'e a’e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahu lu pepeke painu p iko k ino 'ole me ka hehele............................................425.5.6 Na kalana aula'a 'e a'e ma ke kulana ki'a alaka'i o ke kahulu

pepeke me ka 'a 'ano....................................................................................................... 425.5.6.1 Na kalana aula'a ‘e a'e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahu lu pepeke painu p iko kau hope me ka ‘a'ano............................................425.5.6.2 Na kalana auala'a 'e a'e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahulu pepeke painu p iko kau hope ka'e lu la me ka ‘a'ano............................ 425.5.6.3 Na kalana aula'a 'e a'e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahu lu pepeke painu p iko k ino '5 me ka ‘a'ano................................................. 435.5.6.4 Na kalana aula'a ‘6 a'e ma ke kalana ki'a alaka'i o ke

kahulu pepeke p iko k ino ‘ole me ka ‘a'ano........................................................ 435.6 Na la'ana o ke k ik ino i loko o na kahulu pepeke............................................................435.7 He mau mana'o no ke k ino '6 a me ke k ino 'a ...................................................................43

5.7.1 N o ka ham an i...............................................................................................................44

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5.7.2 N o ka hehele...................................................................................................................445.7.3 N o ka ‘a 'ano...................................................................................................................445.7.4 N o ke k ik in o ................................................................................................................... 44

5.8 Ka p i l i o ke kalana aula'a a me ke kalana ‘au i....................................................................45

MOKUNA VI; Ka Laha o ke Kahulu Pepeke....................................................................................... 466.0 H 5 ‘u 1u ‘u 1u ....................................................................................................................................466.1 N a maka pa inu o ke kahu lu pepeke pa inu p iko ‘ole....................... 476.2 Ke k i'a alaka'i ‘akena no ka ham ani a me ka hehele...................................................... 48

6.2.1 Na kahu lu pepeke painu i loa‘a ka ‘akena ma ke kalana ki'aa laka 'i no ka ham ani a me ka hehele.........................................................................50

6.2.2 Na kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena no ka ham ani a me ka hehele...........................506.3 Ke k i'a a laka 'i ‘Okena no ka ham ani.................................................................................. 526.4 Ke k i'a a laka 'i ‘akena no ka ‘a'ano......................................................................................546.5 Ke k i'a alaka'i aula'a ‘e a'e no ka ham ani a me ka hehele.............................................. 556.6 Ke k i'a a laka 'i aula'a no ka ‘a'ano.......................................................................................576.7 K ah i o ke kahu lu no ke kahu lu pepeke k i'a alaka'i kahu lu ........................................... 586.8 Ka ho'ike 'ana i ke kahulu o loko o ke kahu lu pepeke k i'a alaka'i kahu lu .................... 59

MOKUNA VII: Ke Rani............................................................................................................................ 617.0 H o 'u lu 'u lu .................................................................................................................................. 61

PAKU'INA A: Na Kahulu Pepeke Piko Ho'okahi...............................................................................62

PAKU'INA E: Na Kahulu Pepeke Painu Ki'a Alaka'i Kahulu......................................................... 63

PAKU'INA 1: Na Kahulu Pepeke Kalele ‘Akena Ki'a Alaka'i Kahulu............................................. 65

PAKU'INA O: Ka Pilina ‘Aui i Waena o ke Ki'a Alaka'i a me ka Pepeke Mole............................. 66

PAPA HUA'OLELO HOU........................................................................................................................70

PAPA KUMOLE.........................................................................................................................................72

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PAPA PAKUHI

Pakuhi ‘Ao'ao

1. Na Maka Painu o ka Pepeke Painu a me ke Kalele ‘Akena.................................. 15

2. Na Maka Painu o ke K ahu lu Pepeke Paunu.........................................................17

3. Na M aka Painu o ke Kahulu Pepeke Kalele ‘Akena............................................ 17

4. Na H upua o ke Kapae ‘ana ia M ea.........................................................................27

5. Ka I l i ‘ana o na Pepeke Painu Piko ‘Ole Nona na Maka Paimi I-, E-, I-A i,

E -A i............................................................................................................................. 48

6. Ka I l i o na Kahulu Pepeke Painu Piko ‘Ole a me na Kahulu PepekeKalele ‘A kena ..........................................................................................................49

6A. Ka I l i o ke Po'o ma hope o na K i'a A laka 'i H e lunu i no na Kahulu PepekeKalele ‘Akena Po‘o M anuah i............................................................................. 49

7. Na Kahu lu Pepeke Kalele ‘A kena............................................................................51

8. Na Kahu lu Pepeke K i'a A la ka 'i ‘Okena H am ani...................................................53

9. Ka I l i ‘ana o ke K i'a A laka 'i ‘Akena no ka ‘A 'ano................................................. 54

10. Ka I l i ‘ana o ke K i'a A laka 'i Aula 'a ‘e a'e no ka Hamani a me ka Hehele............ 56

11. Ka I l i ‘ana o ke K i'a A laka 'i Aula 'a ‘5 a'e no ka 'A 'ano .........................................57

12. Ka I l i o Kahi o ke Kahulu no ke Kahulu Pepeke K i'a A laka 'i Kahu lu ..................59

13. Ka I l i ‘ana o ka Ho'ike ‘ana i ke Kahulu o Loko o ke Kahulu Pepeke Kahulu.... 60

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MOKUNAI Ho‘olauna

1.0 H o'olauna

A ia i loko o keia mokuna na pahuhopu a me ka ho'onohonoho ‘ia ‘ana o

keia pepa, ke ‘ano o na kQmole i loa'a ai ka ‘ike p ili no keia pepa, a me ke kala ila i

‘ana i na no i'ina i hana mua ‘ia no ke kahulu pepeke ma ka ‘olelo H aw a i'i a me

kekahi ‘olelo p ili ‘ohana i kala ila i nu i ‘ia. He ‘elua ‘ano kalailaina kahulu pepeke

nu i i ‘ike ‘ia i loko o ia mau no i'ina mua. ‘O ka mea mua, he kalele i ka wae'anona

‘Owehe o ke k i'a alaka'i o ke kahulu pepeke. ‘O ka lua, he kalele i ke kulana ‘aui o

ke k i'a alaka'i i loko o ka pepeke mole. E kala ila i a lo ilo i pU ‘ia ana ia mau

kalailaina kahulu pepeke ‘elua ma ka mahele 1.3.2.

1.1 Na pahuhopu a me ka ho onohonoho ia ‘ana

‘O ka pahuhopu nu i o keia noi'ina, ‘o ia ho 'i ke ka la ila i a me ka wehewehe

‘ana i ke ‘ano o kekahi o na kahulu pepeke i loko o ka ‘olelo H aw ai'i. He ‘elua

‘ano kahulu pepeke e kala ila i ‘ia ana i loko o keia pepa, ‘o ia ho‘i ke kahulu

pepeke painu a me ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena. ‘O kekahi pahuhopu ho‘i, ‘o

ia ka haku ‘ana he kum ole e wehewehe piha ‘ia ai na h i‘oh i‘ona o ke kahulu

pepeke painu a kalele ‘akena ‘oia i ‘a‘ole nO i hana mua ‘ia. ‘O kekahi pahuhopu

no ho‘i, ‘o ia ke kala ila i ‘ana i ka i l i a me ka laha o ka lolohuako'a o ia mau ‘ano

kahulu pepeke i loko o na mo'okalaleo H aw ai'i.

A ia ma ka Mokuna I ka ‘ike p ili i kuku lu ‘ia ai keia noi'ina. E kala ila i a e

lo ilo i pu ‘ia ana na kalailaina i hana mua ‘ia no ke kahulu pepeke. A ia ma ka

M okuna II ke kala ila i ‘ana i na ‘ano pepeke mole ‘elua i kau ‘ia ai ka palena o keia

pepa, ‘o ia ho 'i ka pepeke painu a me ka pepeke kalele ‘akena. A ia ma ka

M okuna III ke kala ila i ‘ana i na maka painu o ia mau pepeke mole. A ia ma ka

M okuna IV ke kala ila i ‘ana i ke kahua o ke ka'ihua o ke kahulu pepeke. A ia ma1

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ka M okuna V ke ka la ila i ‘ana i na kulana aula'a mole o na k i'a alaka'i o ke kahulu

pepeke a me ko lakou p ili i ko ke kahulu pepeke mau ‘aui mole. A ia ma ka

M okuna V I ke ka la ila i ‘ana i ka i l i a me ka laha o ka lolohuako'a o ia mau ‘ano

kahulu pepeke ‘elua i loko o na mo'okalaleo ‘o Kalapana a me Kaluaiko'olau.

1.2 Ka ikepili

Ua loa‘a ka hapanui o ka ‘ike p ili no keia noi'ina ma ka n o i'i ‘ana i loko o

na m o'okalaleo H aw a i'i o ke kenekQlia ‘um ikum aiw a me ka ho'omaka ‘ana o ke

kenekulia iwakalua. He mea nu i na mo'okalaleo H aw ai'i kahiko i ko 'u n o i'i ‘ana

no kekahi mau kum u. ‘O kekahi kum u, ‘o ia ke kakau ‘ia ‘ana o ia mau

m o'okalaleo e ka manaleo H aw ai'i i ka wa i h ilim ia ‘ole ai na kahulu pepeke i na

h i'oh i'ona o ka ‘olelo Pelekania. ‘O kekahi w aiw ai o na mo'okalaleo H aw ai'i i

kakau ‘ia, ‘o ia h o 'i ka huikau ‘ole ‘ana i ka po 'a iap ili a me ka mana'o o ka

ho'ohana ‘ia ‘ana o ke kahulu pepeke. I loko nO o ka h ik i ‘ole ‘ana ke ninau i ka

mea kakau e p ili ana i ka po 'a iap ili a me ka mana'o o ke kahulu pepeke, he

moakaka no, ma ke ‘ano nui, ka ho'ohana ‘ia ‘ana o ke kahulu pepeke i kona

po 'a iap ili i ho'ohana ‘ia ai ma ka nana ‘ana i na mea i kakau ‘ia ma mua a ma

hope ona. Ua n o i'i ‘ia kekahi mau mo'okalaleo i kakau ‘ia e kekahi mau mea

kakau ‘oko'a i mea e pa'ewa'ewa ‘ole ai na la'ana i ka mea kakau ho'okahi. E

ho 'ike ‘ia ana na kahulu pepeke o ia mau mo'okalaleo ma ke ‘ano he mau la'ana,

a ma ke ‘ano he ‘ike p ili i ke kala ila i a me ka lo ilo i ‘ana i na kalailaina kahulu

pepeke i hana mua ‘ia.

‘O kekahi ‘ano kumole i loa'a ai ka ‘ike p ili no ke kahulu pepeke, ‘o ia ka

ninauele ‘ana i na manaleo. ‘Elua a'u manaleo i ninauele ai a i kukakuka pa ai, ‘o

ia ho 'i ‘o Jean ‘Ile i Beniamina laua ‘o James Kalei Shintani Jr. no N i'ihau. He nui

115 h o 'i ka w aiw ai o ka ninauele ‘ana a me ke kukakQka ‘ana me laua ‘o ia i he ‘ike

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no ko laua i ka ‘olelo kauhale, ‘o ia h o i ka laua ‘Olelo ma'amau o keia la keia la.

N o la ila, ua h ik i nO ke kokakaka me laua e maopopo ai ka i l i a me ka laha o ka

lolohuako'a o ia mau ‘ano kahulu pepeke ‘elua i loko o ka laua ‘Olelo ‘ana a me

ka hO'oia a ho'ole ‘ana paha i kekahi mau la'ana i ‘ike ‘ole ‘ia i loko o na kum ole

‘e a'e.

‘O kekahi ‘ano kum ole ho 'i i no i‘i ‘ia ai ke kahulu pepeke, ‘o ia nO na puke

a‘o ‘Olelo H aw ai'i. He kaka'ikahi na puke a'o ‘Olelo H aw ai'i wehewehe no ke

kahulu pepeke. I loko no na'e o ia mau puke e wehewehe ‘ia ai ke kahulu

pepeke, ‘a'ole nO i wehewehe piha ‘ia na hi'oh i'ona a pau. He mea ma'amau, i

loko o ia mau puke, ka ‘ike ‘ia ‘ana o ke kalailaina e kalele ana i ka wae'anona

‘Owehe o ke ki'a alaka'i a me ka painu ma kahi o ke kulana ‘aui a me ke kulana

aula'a o ia mau mea ma ka pepeke mole.

Ua loa'a ka ‘ike p ili no ka 'Olelo M aori a me ka ‘Olelo Poroto Polenesia mai

na puke kala ila i ‘Olelo no ia mau ‘Olelo. Pela pu no ho 'i no na kalailaina kahulu

pepeke no ia mau ‘Olelo.

1.3 Na noi'ina i hana mua ia

1.3.1 Na noi'ina a Andrews a i ka Baker

‘O ka Rev. Lo rrin Andrews kekahi o na mea mua loa i kala ila i i ka ‘Olelo

H aw a i'i i ke kenekulia ‘um ikum aiwa. I loko no o kona kala ila i ‘ole ‘ana i ke

kahulu pepeke, ua kala ila i nO 'o ia i kekahi mau mapuna ‘Olelo i komo kekahi

mau hi'oh i'ona o ke kahulu pepeke i loko. Ma ko Andrews (1854) kala ila i ‘ana i

na h i'oh i'ona o ka hunekaime ‘o "a i" kahi i ‘ike ‘ia ai ia mau hi'ohi'ona o ke

kahulu pepeke.

The use of the syllable ai in connection w ith verbs is a

peculiararity. I t generally follows a verb when a preceding noun,

3

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verb, or adverb express tim e, place, manner, instrum ent, or cause.

Its use m ust be learned more by practice than by rule. The

Hawaiians use it sometimes in places where it is d iffic u lt to reason

its use.

He mau m akahiki pokole ma hope o ka hana a Andrews, ua ka la ila i ‘o

W .D. Alexander (1864) i ke kahulu pepeke i loko o ka ‘olelo H aw ai'i. Ma ke ‘ano

m alani loa, ua ho'ike nO ‘o ia i ka ‘oko'a ma waena o ke kahulu pepeke painu

p iko a p iko 'ole a me ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena. I loko no o kona ho'ike

'ana i na la'ana e kako'o ana i kona ka la ila i 'ana, 'a'ole no i wehewehe pono ‘ia e

ia na kum u i 'oko'a ai na h i'ohi'ona o ka ho'ohana ‘ana i na 'ano kahulu pepeke

like ‘ole.

He 66 m akahiki ma hope m ai o ka Andrews, ua 'ike hou ‘ia ke kala ila i

‘ana i ke kahulu pepeke na M ary H. A tcherley (1930). Ua haku 'ia kekahi mau

lu la e ia no ke kQkulu 'ana i ke kahulu pepeke ma ke 'ano laula loa. No ke kahulu

pepeke painu p iko 'ole, ‘a'ole 'o ia i ho'oko'a i ke kahulu ma'amau m ai ke kahulu

pepeke. Ua hewa pu kana lu la i haku ai no ka h ik i 'ole 'ana ke ho'ohana i ka

hehele ma loko o ke kahulu pepeke kalele 'akena a no ka h ik i 'ana no ke

ho'ohana ‘ia ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena ina he hamani wale no ka painu a

he kanaka ke k i'a alaka'i. ‘A 'o le no ho 'i 'o ia i ho'oko'a i ke kahulu pepeke kalele

'akena p iko m ai ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena p iko ‘ole. I loko no o ka loa'a

'ana o ke kahulu pepeke painu p iko 'ole hupua i loko o na la'ana, 'a'ole i

wehewehe 'ia kona ho'ohana ‘ia 'ana. No ke kahulu pepeke painu piko, ua laula

loa kona wehewehe ‘ana. Ua wehewehe ik i ‘o ia no ka ho'ohana ‘ana i ka nono'a

i loko o ke kahulu pepeke, 'a'ole na'e ‘o ia i ho'oko'a i ke kino'O me ke kino 'a a

me ka h ik i ‘ana ke waiho i ka p iko ma hope o ke kahulu pepeke kekahi. No na

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maka painu, ua kakau ‘o ia no ka ho'ohana ‘ana i ka hunekaime ‘o "a i" me n§

kahulu pepeke painu p iko me ka h ik i ‘ana i na hunekaime ‘o "n e i" a me "la " ke

pani i kahi o "a i." ‘A 'o le na‘e ‘o ia i kakau no na ku ‘a, na hunekaime ‘S a'e i koe a

me ke ‘ano o ka ho'ohana ‘ia ‘ana o ia mau maka painu.

A hala na m akahiki he ‘eiwa, ua kala ila i pu ‘o Henry P. Judd (1939) i ke

kahulu pepeke. Ua ‘ike nO h o 'i ‘o ia i ka ‘oko‘a ma waena o ke kahulu pepeke

piko a me ke kahulu pepeke piko ‘ole. Eia na'e, ‘a'ole i piha pono kona kala ila i

‘ana i ke kahulu pepeke. Ma kona kala ila i ‘ana i ke kahulu pepeke piko, ‘a‘ole ‘o

ia i wehewehe no na ‘ano kino like ‘ole o ia ‘ano kahulu pepeke, ‘o ia ho 'i, ‘a'ole

‘o ia i wehewehe i ka ‘oko'a o ka p iko nono'a a me ka p iko kau hope i loko nO o

kona ho 'ike ‘ana i ia mau ‘ano la'ana. ‘A 'ole no ho 'i ‘o ia i wehewehe i ka 'oko'a o

ka ho'ohana ‘ia 'ana o ke kino 'o a me ke kino'a ke ho 'o lilo ‘ia ka p iko he nono'a

no ke k i'a alaka'i. No ke kahulu pepeke piko 'ole, ua mana'o ‘o ia he kahulu

pepeke ia i ho'ohana ‘ia me ka hehele a me ka ‘a'ano wale n5. Ua ho'olauna pu ‘o

ia i ke kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena, aka ua mana'o ‘o ia he kahulu pepeke ia i

ho'ohana ‘ia ina he kanaka ka ‘akena, e like me ka Atcherley. Ua ‘ike ‘ia no na

la'ana i ku'e i ia mana'o. E nana ma ka mahele 2.3. Eia kekahi:

‘o ka make wale n5 ka mea nana e lawe pio i keia kino...

(Kaluaiko'olau, p. 28)

A 'a'ole no ho 'i 'o ia i ho'oko'a i ke kahulu pepeke kalele 'akena p iko a me ke

kahulu pepeke kalele ‘akena p iko ‘ole. No na maka painu i loko o na kahulu

pepeke ana i kalaila i ai, ‘a'ole no i kala ila i piha ‘ia na maka painu a pau i h ik i ke

loa'a.

‘O Edward Kahale (n.d.) kekahi mea nana i kala ila i i ke kahulu pepeke ma

kekahi ‘ano. ‘O iai ua kalele kona kala ila i 'ana i ka hunekaime ‘o "a i," ‘a'ole i

kala ila i 'ia ke kahulu pepeke piko ‘ole. I loko o kona kala ila i 'ana i ke kahulu5

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