health is a state of complete physical, · pdf filehealth is a state of complete physical, ......

53

Upload: nguyenngoc

Post on 25-Mar-2018

217 views

Category:

Documents


3 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 2: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

WHO,1946

Page 3: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Spiritual Health

• เปนความสขทเกดจากการเขาใจธรรมชาต เขาใจความจรงแหงชวตและสรรพสง จนเกดความรอบร

• The basis of spirituality is discovering a sense of meaningfulness in your life and coming to know that you have a purpose to fulfill.

Page 4: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Mental

Physical

Social

Spiritual

Page 5: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

• Income and social status

• Social support networks

• Education and literacy

• Employment/working conditions

• Social environments

• Physical environments

Page 6: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

• Personal health practices and coping skills

• Healthy child development

• Biology and genetics

• Health care services

• Gender

• Culture

Page 7: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat cancer, oral sores, birth defects such as cleft lip and palate, periodontal (gum) disease, tooth decay and tooth loss, and other diseases and disorders that affect the oral cavity.

WHO

Page 8: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 9: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants, and thereby improve their health

กระบวนการสงเสรมใหประชาชน เพมสมรรถนะในการควบคม และปรบปรงสขภาพของตนเอง ในการบรรลซงสขภาวะอนสมบรณ ทงทางรางกาย จตใจ และสงคม

Page 10: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

OTTAWA CHART

Page 11: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

5 Health Promotion Action Means

• Build Healthy Public Policy

• Create Supportive Environments

• Strengthen Community Actions

• Develop Personal Skills

• Reorient Health Services

Page 12: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

The basic strategies for health promotion

• Advocate

• Enable

• Mediate

Page 13: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 14: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

• partner and build alliances with public, private, nongovernmental and international organizations and civil society to create sustainable actions.

• invest in sustainable policies, actions and infrastructure to address the determinants of health

• regulate and legislate to ensure a high level of protection from harm and enable equal opportunity for health and well-being for all people

• advocate for health based on human rights and solidarity

• build capacity for policy development, leadership, health promotion practice, knowledge transfer and research, and health literacy

Page 15: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 16: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 17: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Empowerment

refers to the process by which people gain control over the factors and decisions that shape their lives

กระบวนวธทจะใหกลมเปาหมาย สามารถดงศกยภาพทมอยภายในตนมาใชในการดแลและสรางเสรมสขภาพของตนไดอยางตอเนองและยงยน

Page 18: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Community Empowerment

• refers to the process of enabling communities to increase control over their lives

• Community empowerment necessarily addresses the social, cultural, political and economic determinants that underpin health, and seeks to build partnerships with other sectors in finding solutions.

Page 19: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

The 4 Elements of Empowerment

• Meaningfulness : Value

• Impact : Result

• Independence : Freedom

• Power : Inner force

Page 20: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Participation

• is a process through which all members of a community or organization are involved in and have influence on decisions related to development activities that will affect them.

• กระบวนการใหบคคลเขามามสวนเกยวของในการด าเนนงานพฒนา รวมคด ตดสนใจ แกไขปญหาดวยตนเอง

Page 21: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

the ladder of citizen participation

Arnstein, Sherry R.,1969

Page 22: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

การสงเสรมสขภาพแนวใหม

Old concept New concept

Page 23: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

การสงเสรมสขภาพแนวใหม

Old concept New concept

Paradigm shift

Page 24: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Approach in Health Promotion

• Individual approach

• Community approach

Page 25: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 26: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Motivational counseling

• Identify a target behaviour that would benefit the patient’s health.

• Discuss the link between behaviour and health, and the patient’s perception of its relevance to their own situation.

• Assess the patient’s readiness to change, according to the degree of resistance encountered, and tailor the consultation accordingly.

• Avoid being judgmental or confrontational and do not persist in advocating change when resistance is high.

Page 27: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

• Explore and empathise with the patient’s own motivations, feelings and beliefs. Encourage them to weigh up the pros and cons of behaviour change in their own words.

• If a decision to change appears imminent, guide the patient towards formulating their own action plan.

• Encourage them to set SMART goals (up to three), incorporating behaviours that can be easily integrated into their current lifestyle and have a high probability of success. Support from

• family, friends or other patients may help achieve those goals.

Page 28: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

• Discuss potential barriers to change and how the patient plans to deal with them.

• Provide access to information and other resources that will support the patient in the process. Individualised computer-generated materials can be beneficial.

• Maintain contact, provide feedback and encourage self-monitoring of progress.

• Recognize that relapse is common and does not constitute a failure of the process. Discuss options with the patient to deal with unmet goals.

Page 29: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

SELF EFFICACY THEORY

• Self Efficacy is a person’s belief in their ability to change their behavior.

• A person’s belief in their ability to change a specific behavior strongly, predicts their ability to make that change.

• Strategies which increase self efficacy are powerful tools to foster behavioral change.

Page 30: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

SELF EFFICACY : THE FOUR SKILLS

• Mastering Skills

• Modeling

• Clarifying the Meaning of the Disease /Symptom

• Persuasion with Social Support

Page 31: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Mastering Skills TIPS FOR HELPING PEOPLE

• Start with a task the person chooses and be SURE they can achieve it.

• Have the person say what they want to do (like going for a walk two days a week).

• When the person is more confident give him/her an opportunity to change the goal.

• When that goal is reached. Build on the success by increasing the goal only a small amount.

• Make sure that the goal is what the person wants and the person is willing and able to carry it through.

Page 32: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

MODELING

• Seeing someone who is coping with the same problem.

• Talking with people we respect and are similar to us.

• Role playing and brainstorming can help.

• People we know well can often help.

• Support groups and peer-led groups can use modeling effective.

• ***Super achievers are not helpful models.

Page 33: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

PERSUASION AND SUPPORT

• Give the clear message that a person is capable of change.

• Encourage them to take steps toward change.

• Create an atmosphere that is supportive of change.

• Change helps people do the hard work.

• In a group you need a sensitive leader, shared group norms, and a consistent agenda building trust, safety, and support.

• Working with a partner offers the opportunity to both give and receive support.

Page 34: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 35: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

PRA : Participatory Rural Appraisal

• เทคนคการวเคราะห ประเมนชมชนอยางมสวนรวม • นกพฒนาท าหนาทเปน Facilitator • กระบวนการ

– กระตน/คนหา Key man มามสวนรวม – ชวยกนก าหนดเนอเรองทเกยวกบปญหา – ก าหนดวธการทใช : การเกบตวอยาง ภาพถาย สอพนบาน ฯลฯ – ด าเนนการรวบรวมขอมล วเคราะห ประเมน – รบฟงความคดเหน

Page 36: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

กจกรรม วตถประสงค ขอคนพบ ขอสรป

1.ท าแผนทชมชน

ศกษา โครงสรางพนฐานทางกายภาพ ลกษณะทางประชากร สงคม เศรษฐกจ และการเมอง

ขอมลโครงสรางพนฐาน ลกษณะทางประชากร สงคมเศรษฐกจและการเมอง

ชมชนสามารถวเคราะหขอมลของ ชมชน และมการตรวจสอบขอมลซงกนและกน

2. ชมชนทฉนภมใจ

คนหาขอด/ภมปญญาทองถนในชมชน

ชมชนไดคนหาสงทภาคภมใจควรอนรกษและหวงแหนในชมชน

ชมชนเกดความรก ชมชน ตระหนก และหวงแหนตองการอนรกษไว

3. สงทชมชนควรพฒนา

เพอใหชมชนคนหาปญหาหรอขอบกพรองทควรไดรบการพฒนาแกไขในชมชน

ชมชนไดเรยนรลกษณะสภาพของชมชนทควรพฒนาแกไขปรบปรง

ชมชนไดเหนสภาพของชมชนทควรพฒนาเพอกระตนความตระหนกและความ รสกบทบาทตนเองในการรวมพฒนา

Page 37: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 38: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 39: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 40: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 41: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

3

2.5

2.7 3.3

2.4

3.9

4

3.9 4

4.3

5

3.5

3

4.5

5

0

1

2

3

4

5

ทมงานเขมแขง

การประสานงาน

อปท.ใหการสนบสนน

การมสวนรวม

กจกรรม/นวตกรรม

ป 2552

ป 2554

ป 2555

Page 42: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

ขอสงเกตส าหรบนกพฒนา

• Stimulator/catalyst

• Shift from leader/advisor to

partner to development • Positive thinking

Page 43: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

A-I-C : Appreciate Influence Control

Appreciate ; ขนตอนการสรางความร

1) การวเคราะหสถานการณในปจจบน

2) การก าหนดอนาคตวาตองการใหเกดการพฒนาในทศทางใด

“ตามทฤษฎใชการวาดรปเปนสอ”

Page 44: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Influence ; ขนตอนสรางแนวทางการพฒนา

1) การคดโครงการทจะท าใหบรรลวตถประสงค

2) การจดล าดบความส าคญของโครงการ

Control ; ขนตอนการสรางแนวทางปฏบต

1) การแบงกลมรบผดชอบ

2) การตกลงในรายละเอยดด าเนนงาน

Page 45: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

EAP (Experiential Activities Planner)

Page 46: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

การรณรงค (Campaign)

• การจดกจกรรมเพอเผยแพรแนวคดทผรณรงคตองการ ไปสเปาหมายของการรบร หรอปรบเปลยนพฤตกรรมของกลมเปาหมาย

• ตองก าหนดเปาหมาย วตถประสงค แผนงาน ระยะเวลาด าเนนการ งบประมาณ ไวอยางชดเจน และควรรวมถงการประเมนผลการรณรงคดวยวาบรรลตามเปาหมายทตงไวหรอไม

Page 47: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

องคประกอบในการรณรงค

• เปาหมาย หมายถง สภาพทนกรณรงคอยากใหเกดขน หลงจากด าเนนโครงการรณรงค หรอหลงจากโครงการรณรงคสนสด

• กลมเปาหมาย –กลมเปาหมายทนกรณรงคตองการใหเกดการเปลยนแปลง –กลมเปาหมายทนกรณรงคตองการใหเกดการเปลยนแปลง

Page 48: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

• ขอมล/ประเดนในการรณรงค ถอเปนองคประกอบส าคญในการรณรงค

ก.ขอมลระดบพนฐาน เชน สถตหรอตวเลขตางๆ ทสะทอนสถานการณแวดลอมทเกยวของกบประเดนทรณรงคทงในและตางประเทศ บญชรายชอผทใหขอมลเพมเตมได เปนตน

ข.ขอมลเชงแนวปฏบตตนของกลมเปาหมาย ลกษณะของพฤตกรรมทพงประสงค ทกษะชวต ทบคคลกลมเสยงควรรและควรปฏบต เปนตน

ค.ขอมลเชงลก เชน รายงานผลการวจยเกยวกบผลกระทบของพฤตกรรมเสยงตางๆ การไมปฏบตตามค าแนะน าดานสขภาพ เปนตน

Page 49: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

• ชองทางการสอสาร เพอเขาถงกลมเปาหมายใหไดอยางแทจรง • กลยทธการสอสาร - แนวทางเชงลบ การใชความนากลว /การใชบคคลท าหนาท

ตกเตอนกลมเปาหมาย/การน าเสนอขอเทจจรง/น าเสนอประสบการณตรงในการเผชญปญหา/ การสรางแรงกดดนผานกลมแนวรวม

- แนวทางเชงบวก การใหก าลงใจ/ การเนนความทนสมย/ การเนนความสะดดห สะดดตา/ เชอเชญใหท าพฤตกรรมทพงประสงค/ การน าเสนอภาพพฤตกรรมทพงประสงคโดยคนมชอเสยง/ การสรางสญลกษณรวม/ การตอกย าความส าคญของ “ชมชนเขมแขง” /การใหขอมล 2 ดาน

• การวจย ขอมลทใชรณรงค และผลการณรง

Page 50: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Conclusion

Page 51: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Hospital based - Risk assessment - Appropriate CPG - Focus on individual - Continuous care - Skill of provider

Community based -Ottawa charter - Bangkok charter - Six keys function

Page 52: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat
Page 53: Health is a state of complete physical, · PDF fileHealth is a state of complete physical, ... Oral health is a state of being free from chronic mouth and facial pain, oral and throat

Thank you