heat exchanger presentation

Shell and Tube Heat Shell and Tube Heat ExchangerExchanger

October 7, 2003October 7, 2003Cycle 2Cycle 2

Group 1AGroup 1AFrank FadenholzFrank Fadenholz

Jennifer FadenholzJennifer FadenholzChristian WoodsChristian Woods

Angel TaylorAngel Taylor

OutlineOutline

• ObjectivesObjectives

• BackgroundBackground

• Experimental StrategyExperimental Strategy

• ResultsResults

• Error AnalysisError Analysis

• ConclusionsConclusions

• RecommendationsRecommendations

• ReferencesReferences

Objectives and Objectives and BackgroundBackground

ObjectivesObjectives

• Operate shell and tube heat exchanger Operate shell and tube heat exchanger varying steam flowvarying steam flow

• Determine the outside overall heat transfer Determine the outside overall heat transfer coefficient (Ucoefficient (Uoo))

• Determine shellside heat transfer (QDetermine shellside heat transfer (QSSSS))

• Determine tubeside heat transfer (QDetermine tubeside heat transfer (QTSTS))

Heat Exchanger BackgroundHeat Exchanger Background

• Exchange heat between fluidsExchange heat between fluids

• Latent heat and sensible heat transferLatent heat and sensible heat transfer

• Common to chemical process industryCommon to chemical process industry

• Types of heat exchangersTypes of heat exchangers– Air CooledAir Cooled– Double PipeDouble Pipe– Spiral Plate and TubeSpiral Plate and Tube– Shell and TubeShell and Tube

Heat Exchanger BackgroundHeat Exchanger Background

Shell and Tube Heat ExchangersShell and Tube Heat Exchangers

• Account for 60% of heat exchangers in use todayAccount for 60% of heat exchangers in use today

• Can handle large flows, low temperatures and Can handle large flows, low temperatures and pressures, high temperatures and pressurespressures, high temperatures and pressures

• Our shell and tube heat exchangerOur shell and tube heat exchanger– Basco Type 500 U-tube Water HeaterBasco Type 500 U-tube Water Heater– 1 Shell Pass1 Shell Pass– 16 Tubes16 Tubes

Experimental StrategyExperimental Strategy

ST-V1

FT-01

EmergencyShutdown

Vavle

CompressedAir Steam

Hot Water Outlet

TT-04

TT-03

PG-07

Con

densate

ColdWaterInlet

EmergencyShutdown

Valve ST-V3

PRV-05

PG-06 FT-02

E-01

Figure 1. Unit Operations Lab: Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger(Group 1A)

ST-V4

ST-V2

ST-V5

FV-02

TV-04

T

Should make Labels Larger


• 5 Runs Total5 Runs Total• Varied Steam Valve (TV-04) PositionVaried Steam Valve (TV-04) Position

– 105% open105% open– 75% open75% open– 65% open65% open– 60% open60% open– 52% open52% open

• Cooling water flow rate constantCooling water flow rate constant


• Measured VariablesMeasured Variables– Condensate flowCondensate flow– Condensate temperatureCondensate temperature– Cooling water flowCooling water flow– Cooling water inlet temperatureCooling water inlet temperature– Cooling water outlet temperatureCooling water outlet temperature

Heat Exchanger Heat Exchanger CalculationsCalculations

• Heat transfer rate Heat transfer rate QQTSTS = mCp = mCpT T

QQSSSS = m = mH + mCpH + mCpTT

• Overall heat transfer coefficientOverall heat transfer coefficient UUoo = Q = QSSSS/(A/(Aoo**TTLMLM))

Log mean temperatureLog mean temperature TTLM LM = = ((T((Thihi-T-Tcoco) – (T) – (Thoho – T – Tcici)) / ln[(T)) / ln[(Thihi – T – Tcoco) – (T) – (Thoho – T – Tcici)])]

Simplified Process Flow Simplified Process Flow DiagramDiagram

Thi

Tho

Tci TcoQout, TSQin, TS

Qin, SS

Qout, SS

ResultsResults

Experimental ResultsExperimental Results

Steam Valve% Open

Heat Transfer

Rate (QTS)(btu/hr)

Heat Transfer Rate (QSS)(btu/hr)

Overall Heat Transfer

Coefficient (Uo)

(btu/lb*F*hr)

105% 276489 275350 211

75% 250275 254588 201

65% 183357 181872 148

60% 134200 133777 112

52% 98289 93757 78

90000

140000

190000

240000

290000

75 125 175 225 275Condensate Mass Out

(lb/hr)

Hat

e T

rans

fer

Rat

e (b

tu/h

r)

Q-Shellside Q-Tubeside

Steam vs. Heat Transfer Rate (QSteam vs. Heat Transfer Rate (QTSTS, , QQSSSS))

Steam vs. Overall Heat Transfer Steam vs. Overall Heat Transfer CoefficientCoefficient

50

100

150

200

250

300

50 100 150 200 250 300

Condensate Mass Out (lb/hr)

Hea

t Tra

nsfe

r C

oeffi

cien

t (b

tu/lb

*F*h

r)

U inside U outside

Error AnalysisError Analysis

Propagation of ErrorPropagation of Error

• Determine the accuracy of measured Determine the accuracy of measured variablesvariables

• Apply the propagation of error equation to Apply the propagation of error equation to each functioneach function

21

1

2

k

ii

i

xx

yy

Variable Measurement Variable Measurement AccuracyAccuracy

• Flow rate of the steam +/- 5 lb/hrFlow rate of the steam +/- 5 lb/hr

• Flow rate of the cooling water +/- 50 Flow rate of the cooling water +/- 50 lb/hrlb/hr

• Temperature readings +/- 2 Temperature readings +/- 2 °°FF

• Largest sources of error Largest sources of error – Mass flow rate of the steam Mass flow rate of the steam – Mass flow rate of the cooling waterMass flow rate of the cooling water

Calculated Error ValuesCalculated Error Values

• ∆∆QQTS TS ≈ +/- 1,000 btu/hr≈ +/- 1,000 btu/hr

• ∆∆QQSS SS ≈ +/- 50,000 btu/hr≈ +/- 50,000 btu/hr

• ∆∆UUo o ≈ +/- 4 btu/lb ≈ +/- 4 btu/lb °°F hrF hr

• ∆∆UUi i ≈ +/- 4 to +/- 1.6 btu/lb ≈ +/- 4 to +/- 1.6 btu/lb °°F hrF hr

Propagation of Error Heat Propagation of Error Heat TransferTransfer

90000

140000

190000240000

290000

340000

75 125 175 225 275


He

at

Tra

nsf

er

Ra

te

(btu

/hr)

Q-tubeside Q-shellside

Propagation of Error Heat Propagation of Error Heat Transfer CoefficientTransfer Coefficient

50

100

150

200

250

300

50 100 150 200 250 300


Hea

t Tra

nsfe

r C

oeffi

cien

t (b

tu/lb

*F*h

r)

U inside U outside

Conclusions Conclusions and and

RecommendationsRecommendations

ConclusionsConclusions

• QQTSTS, Q, QSSSS, U, Uoo all increase as the steam flow all increase as the steam flow rate increasesrate increases

• QQTSTS, Q, QSSSS, U, Uoo all have a linear relationship all have a linear relationship with the mass flow rate of the steamwith the mass flow rate of the steam

• Heat transfer rate of the tube side is Heat transfer rate of the tube side is equal to the heat transfer rate of the equal to the heat transfer rate of the shell sideshell side

RecommendationsRecommendations

• Operation RecommendationOperation Recommendation– Operate the shell and tube heat Operate the shell and tube heat

exchanger at approximately 75% for exchanger at approximately 75% for sufficient heat transfer and economic sufficient heat transfer and economic efficiencyefficiency

• Experiment RecommendationsExperiment Recommendations– Monitor pressure gauge (PG-07) at low Monitor pressure gauge (PG-07) at low

steam rates to prevent a vacuumsteam rates to prevent a vacuum

ReferencesReferences

• API Heat Transfer. Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger PictureAPI Heat Transfer. Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Picturewww.apiheattransfer.com/en/Products/HeatExchangers/www.apiheattransfer.com/en/Products/HeatExchangers/ShellAndTube/ShellAndTube/

• Georgia Tech. Georgia Tech. Propagation of ErrorPropagation of Error. . www.swiki.che.gatech.edu/CHE4200. August 2002.www.swiki.che.gatech.edu/CHE4200. August 2002.

• Geankoplis, Christie J. Geankoplis, Christie J. Transport Processes and Unit Transport Processes and Unit OperationsOperations, 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall , 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. Prentice-Hall Publishing, Inc. 1993.Publishing, Inc. 1993.

• Heald, C. C. Heald, C. C. Cameron Hydraulic DataCameron Hydraulic Data. Liberty Corner, NJ. . Liberty Corner, NJ. Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Co. 1998.Ingersoll-Dresser Pump Co. 1998.

• Peters, Timmerhaus, West. Peters, Timmerhaus, West. Plant Design and Economics for Plant Design and Economics for Chemical EngineersChemical Engineers, 5th ed. New York, NY. McGaw-Hill Co. , 5th ed. New York, NY. McGaw-Hill Co. Inc., 2003.Inc., 2003.

heat exchanger presentation

Documents