heating and cooling
DESCRIPTION
Heating and Cooling. Coordinator: Karel Kabele, [email protected] , CTU in Prague Contributors: Eric Willems , Erwin Roijen , Peter Op 't Veld , [email protected] - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Heating and Cooling
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• Coordinator:• Karel Kabele, [email protected], CTU in Prague • Contributors:• Eric Willems, Erwin Roijen, Peter Op 't Veld, [email protected]• Camilla Brunsgaard, [email protected] & Mary-Ann Knudstrup, [email protected], Aalborg
University, Per Kvols Heiselberg, [email protected], Tine S. Larsen, Olena K. Larsen, Rasmus Lund Jensen (AAU)
• Arturas Kaklauskas, [email protected], Audrius Banaitis, [email protected] , Vilnius Geniminas Technical University (VGTU)
• Marco Perino, [email protected], Gianvi Fracastoro, Stefano Corgnati, Valentina Serra (POLITO)
• Werner Stutterecker, [email protected], (FH-B)• Mattheos Santamouris, [email protected], Margarita Asimakopoulos, Marina Laskari,
[email protected], (NKUA)• Zoltan Magyar, [email protected], Mihaly Baumann, Aniko Vigh, [email protected] (PTE)• Manuela Almeida, [email protected], Sandra Silva, [email protected] , Ricardo Mateus,
[email protected], University of Minho (UMINHO) • Piotr Bartkiewicz, [email protected], Piotr Narowski, [email protected]
(WUT)• Matthias Haase, [email protected], (NTNU)• Karel Kabele, [email protected], Pavla Dvořáková, [email protected], (CTU – FCE)
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LECTURE 3
ACTIVE SPACE HEATING AND COOLING
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Heat emitters (radiators, convectors, tubular, radiant heating (stripes, panels), dark and light infrared radiant pipes, stoves).
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Heating equipment• Heat source - heat transfer medium
- heat emitter
• Classification of the systems– local– floor– central– district
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Heat emitters
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Fan convec tors N atura l
C onvec tors
B anks of P ipes O ff peak storage C olum ns R adiantpanels
P anels
R adiato rs
Heat emitters
Convectors
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NaturalFan-convectorsFloorWall
Radiators
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Control limits
Panel radiatorP
Steel radiatorS
today Heat insulation (old buildings)
Heat insulation standard 1995 (new
buildings)
Heat insulation Standard 2000
Water content
radiator
Large mass = heating unresponsive low mass = responsive heating
G radiator G
Mass = storage
Responsive heatingcontrol important to make use of solar gains
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* radiator temperature, 200C room temperature
Radiation share
Convection share
Single panel radiator, without
convector
Radiator (modular)
Double panel radiator, with three convectors
Finned tube convector
Thermal output
Off-peak storage
• Static• Dynamic
• Convector• Radiator
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Air flow patterns
prof.Ing.Karel Kabele,CSc.
Radiant panels
• Low temperature• heaters max 110 °C (water, steam, el.power)
• High temperature• dark - about 350°C - radiant tube heating system
(gas)• light - about 800 °C - flameless surface gas
combustion13
Heat emitters• Design principles
– Heating output– Location– Covering - furniture– Connection to the pipe system– Type
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Heat emitters design
• Covering = changes in the output
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100% 87%110%95%
100% 100% 90% 85%
Connection to the piping system
SPACE HEATING AND COOLING
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Low-temperature radiant heatingHigh-temperature radiant cooling
• Underfloor, wall and/or ceiling heating/cooling
• Embeded surfaces• TABS• Snowmelt systems
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Low - temperature radiant heating• floor, wall and/or ceiling with embedded pipes or
el.wires in concrete slab– Temperature distribution
125BEE1_2008/2009 prof.Ing.Karel Kabele,CSc.
Ideal temperature
Radiators
Underfloor heating
Ideal temperature
Underfloor heating
Radiators
Radiant heating/cooling• Output
– Limited surface temperature limited output cca 100 W.m-2
• Energy savings – Lower air temperature lower heat losses
• Control– Low temperature difference autocontrol effect
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Underfloor heating
• History
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Low/high - temperature radiant heating/cooling
• Floor structure
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Insulating strip between wall and flooring
Finished flooringConcrete slab min 65mm
Thermal insulation20-80mm
Pipes
Humidity seal
Reinforcement
Supporting floor structure
Underfloor heating - structure
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TYP ATYP B
TYP C
Low - temperature radiant heating
• Technical solution– Pipe layout
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Underfloor heating - examples
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Wall heating• Embedded pipes - inner wall side
• Higher surface temperature on both sides
• Furniture layout
• Rooms with given use of space: swimming pools, entrance areas, corridors
• not possible or desirable to use conventional heating surfaces: prisons, hospitals,…
• Possibility to use the system for cooling
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Wall heating - Design process• determination of the areas, applicable to this type of heating;• determine the desired maximum surface temperature;• calculate the heat loss room analogy for underfloor heating
without losing the wall with wall heating;• verification of the achievable performance of surfaces and
temperature• compared to heat loss, or draft supplementary heating
surfaces.• select the type of wall heating, wet or dry system, pipe or
capillaries;• design spacing and temperature parameters of heat transfer
fluid;• hydraulic calculation.
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Wall heating - temperatures
• From the point of thermal comfort it is like radiators heating
• Maximum surface temperature 35 - 50 °C according to local conditions.
• For surface temperatures above 42 ° C can be painful contact.
• size of losses to the outside, impact on the neighboring room
• Some manufacturers recommend and design system for the surface temperature of 35 ° C
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Technical solutionA – pipes diameter 10-14 mm
• Wet• Dry
B – capillary mats
Pipes diameter 6 mm , rozteč 30-50 mm
• Wet
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• With or without phase change material• Cooling capacity can limit the use of system • Control of room conditions?
Thermally Activated Building Structures (TABS)
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Thermal activation of building structure (TABS)- National technical library (Prague)
30foto: Václav Nývlt, Technet.cz
Special caseHEATING OF THE BASEMENT OF ICE SURFACE
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Realization
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„Floor“ structureIce 50 mm
Concrete 240 mm
Cooling -16/-12°C; 160 W/m2
EPS 250 mm
Concrete 250 mm
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„Floor“ structure with heating system
Ice 50 mm
Concrete 240 mm
Cooling -16/-12°C160 W/m2
EPS 250 mm
Concrete 250 mm
Heating 10/8 °C; cca 10 W/m2
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Heating of outdoor surfacesSnowmelt systemPipe spacing 15-50cmTemperature 50-80°CUse of antifreezeThermal output according to the amout of snow
and outdoor temperature Large thermal inertiaMechanical resistance
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• Air heating/cooling systems – circulating, ventilating.• Integration of heating/cooling systems.
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