HELPING FARMERS IN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT

— THE ROLE OF

AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE/USDA

美国对农业市场的服务

AMS 的主要职能Facilitate the Strategic Marketing of

Agricultural Products in Domestic and International MarketsProducer to Consumer

从生产者到消费者

机构构成• Program Areas Organized by Commodity

• Employees 雇员 :Full-Time Federal 专职2,782Part-Time Federal 兼职1,327State 5,500(Federally Supervised)

• Cooperative Agreements 380

• Federal Offices 161

• Statutes Administered

50+

AMS12%

Other USDA88%

Market Facilitation 市场便利服务

• Grading and Certification Services 产品分级及认证

• Commodity Standards 产品标准

• Biotechnology 生物技术市场应用评估

• Market News 市场信息收集与发布

• Global Market Expansion 全球市场开发

• National Organic Program 国家有机农业计划

• Commodity Purchases 农产品交易

• Facilitates marketing of commodities

• Provides impartial evaluation of product quality

• Provides quality assurance and other customerrequested services

• Provides voluntary fee-supported service

Commodities Graded产品分级

• Cotton• Cottonseed Products• Dairy Products• Edible Tree Nuts

• Poultry Products• Shell Eggs• Rabbits• Domestic and Imported Tobacco• Livestock

• Fresh Fruits and Vegetables & specialty products• Peanuts• Processed Fruits and Vegetables• Meat and Meat Products

• Describes product quality attributes 产品品质描述• Provides a common language of trade for buyers

and sellers 买卖双方交流 • 598 U.S. and international standards in effect:

Cotton 棉花 Livestock and Meat 家畜及肉制品Dairy products 奶制品 Poultry and Eggs 家禽及蛋Fruits and Vegetables 水果及蔬菜 Tobacco 烟草

• Utilized in user fee grading and market news reporting

Biotechnology 生物技术市场应用评估

• Comprehensive program to facilitate marketing issues relating to biotechnology.

• Developing voluntary services:– Audited process verification program– Lab testing services for seeds and plants– Expanded property rights protection– Identity preservation programs with States– Accreditation of private labs and rapid

diagnostic kits to test seeds and plants

FY 2004 - 18 SYs

• Creates Federal/State and international reports• Generates time-sensitive information• Internet access (www.ams.usda.gov/marketnews.htm)• Covers all major agricultural products• Helps to equalize agricultural marketing opportunities• Part of the livestock and meat reporting is mandatory and everything else is voluntary

市场信息收集

Global Market Expansion全球市场开发

• Supports export marketing for agricultural products

• International Specifications Program: 国际规范– AMS serves on or heads U.S. delegations to

meetings of international food and fiber standards-setting organizations

– Involvement at design stage helps to keep international food standard from becoming trade barriers

• International Reporting: 国际市场信息发布 – AMS provides current trading information on

international markets to U.S. growers and traders for better production and sales decisions

FY 2004 - 14 Staff Years

• Develops national standards with the National Organic Standards Board

• Enhances marketing opportunities for organically produced foods

• Accredits State and private certification agents

国家有机农业计划

• Removes surplus commodities from markets 转移剩余农产品

• Purchased over $600 million in FY 2002 交易额超过 6 亿美元

• Purchased over $800 million pounds of product in FY 2002

• Purchases include: meat, fruits and vegetables, 交易农产品包括 poultry products, and fish 肉和水果等。

• Emergency/disaster relief purchases 援助受灾地区

农产品交易

Industry Self-Help 产业自助

• Research and Promotion Program 科研计划• Marketing Agreements and Orders 产品协

议及订单

Programs in Effect 有成果的项目

• Avocado 鳄梨• Cotton 棉花• Beef 牛肉• Dairy 奶制品• Egg 蛋

• Fluid Milk 奶• Honey 蜂蜜• Mushroom 蘑菇• Popcorn 爆米花• Peanut 花生• Lamb 羔羊

• Pork 猪肉• Potato 马铃薯• Soybean 大豆• Watermelon 西瓜• Blueberry 橘

Provides Federal oversight of industry funded self-help

programs

$47.0

$1.0

$61.0

$84.2

$18.3

$110.0

$3.4 $1.9$10.0

$0.6

$48.0

$8.8

$31.9

$1.7$0.0

$20.0

$40.0

$60.0

$80.0

$100.0

$120.0

BEEF

BLUEBERRY

COTTON

DAIRY

EGG

FLUID

MIL

K

HONEY

MUSHROO

M

PEANUT

POPCORN

PORK

POTATO

SOYBEAN

WATERM

ELON

Millions ($)Millions ($)科研及促进计划

Stabilizes market conditions and improves producerincome through: 稳定市场、提高生产者收入

• Minimum prices 最低价• Quality and quantity requirements 量

、质要求• Market development and promotion 市

场发展11 Dairy

Marketing Orders

36 Fruit & Vegetable Marketing

Orders

Product Value AssessmentBillions ($) Millions ($)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

F&V Market Orders Dairy Milk Market Orders0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

F&V Market Orders Dairy Milk Market Admin.

产品价值 市场现价评估

Fair Trade 公平贸易• Perishable Agricultural Commodities

Act (PACA) 易变质农产品管理条例• Plant Variety Protection Act (PVP) 植物

品种保护法• Federal Seed Act 联邦种子法

• Ensures fair trading in the fresh & frozen fruit and vegetable

industry• Issues licenses to companies and individuals that buy, sell, and/or broker commercial quantities of fruits and vegetables in

interstate and foreign commerce• Suspends or revokes licenses, or assesses monetary penalties in

lieu of suspension, to firms that violate fair trading practices• Provides a forum for fruit and vegetable firms to resolve

contract disputes

易变质农产品管理条例

Provides intellectual property rights protection to developers for sexually reproduced plants:

• 25-year protection for woody

plants

• 20-year protection for other

species

植物品种保护条例

• Regulates interstate sale of seeds in cooperation with State programs• Provides truth-in-labeling of seeds - variety, vigor,

and weed content

联邦种子法

Regulatory 规章

• Shell Egg Surveillance 对带壳蛋的监管• Pesticide Recordkeeping Program 农

药记录保存

• Inspects shell egg handlers and hatcheries quarterly

• Cooperates with State departments of

agriculture

• Controls disposition of under grade and

restricted eggs

• Monitors egg storage and handling

temperature

带壳蛋的监管

Ensures that records of Federally restricted use

pesticides are:

• Maintained by certified applicators

• Available for official use

农药记录保存

Science

• Pesticide Data Program (PDP) 杀虫剂数据库

• Microbiological Data Program (MDP) 微生物数据库

科研

Activity:• Collects statistically-based data on pesticide residues, including drinking water• Functions through cooperative programs with States• Maintains a database of residue information

Results:• Improves the quality of dietary risk assessment • Provides data for the re-registration of minor use

pesticides• Assures international customers of the

safety of sampled commodities

杀虫剂数据库

Activity: 微生物数据库• Collects statistically-based data on foodborne pathogens• Functions through cooperative programs with States• Maintains a national database

Results:• Improves the quality and wholesomeness of fresh produce • Provides data for food safety decision-making purposes• Establishes “benchmarks” to evaluate procedures

to reduce or eliminate harmfulfoodborne microorganisms

Research and Analysis 科研分析

• Wholesale Market Development 批发市场发展

• Transportation 运输• Federal-State Market Improvement

Program 联邦市场改进计划

• Improves wholesale marketing

facilities 改善批发市场条件

• Provides farmer/consumer direct

marketing 提供直接买卖场所

• Develops new technology to

reduce costs 科技创新降低成本

In cooperation with States （与政府合作） :

批发市场发展

Major Functions 主要功能 :• Conducts economic studies and analyses on distribution of agricultural products in domestic and international markets

• Assists shippers entering the export market

• Represents U.S. Agricultural interests on transportation issues before industry and governmental regulatory bodies

• Plans and implements long-term agricultural transportation strategies

运输服务运输服务

• Provides matching grants to States

• Develops market opportunities for small,

limited- resource farmers and agribusiness

联邦市场改进计划