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ROOT S 

INT ERN AT ION AL 

SCHOOL

  CONTENT :

  Heredity & Mendelism

Prepared by :  Yasir Ansari

Rohit Kumar omeya !upta

"irdosh

Aditya Chauhan

Kesha# !upta $ as a helpin% hand

Heredity & Mendelism

Noorpur ( BIJNOR )

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'ntrodu(tionMendelian inheritance $or Mendelian

genetics or Mendelism or Monogeneticinheritance is a s(ienti*( theory o+ ho,hereditary (hara(teristi(s are passed +romparent or%anisms to their o-sprin%.

Heredity is the passin% o+ traits to o-sprin%

$+rom its parent or an(estors/ This is thepro(ess by ,hi(h an o-sprin% (ell or or%anism a(0uires or be(omes predisposed to the(hara(teristi(s o+ its parent (ell or or%anism

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History

 The la,s o+ inheritan(e ,ere deri#ed by!re%or Mendel1 a 23th4(entury Austrian priest4mon5 (ondu(tin% hybridi6ation e7periments in%arden peas $Pisum sativum/829 et,een 2;<=and 2;=>1 he (ulti#ated and tested some?31@@@ pea plants/

 'n 23@@1 ho,e#er1 his ,or5 ,as re4dis(o#ered by three European s(ientists1Hu%o de Bries1 Carl Correns1 and Eri(h #on

 Ts(herma5/

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Law of SegregationOrganisms inherit two copies of each gene, onefrom each parentOrganisms donate only one copy of each gene in

their gametesTwo copies of each gene segregate, or separate,

during gamete formation

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Mendels Da,Da, o+ se%re%ation

 A %ene (an e7ist in more than one +orm/

Or%anisms inherit t,o alleles +or ea(h trait/

hen %ametes are produ(ed $by meiosis1 allelepairs separate lea#in% ea(h (ell ,ith a sin%le

allele +or ea(h trait/

hen the t,o alleles o+ a pair are di-erent1 one isdominant and the other is re(essi#e/

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Reasons for Mendel's Success

 The pea plant ,hi(h Mendel (hose +or (ondu(tin%e7periments1 is most ideal +or (ontrolled breedin%1sin(e it (an easily be subFe(ted to (ross pollination/

He identi*ed #ery (lear (ontrastin% (hara(ters in thepea plants/

He sele(ted pure breedin% plants +or his e7periments/

He is said to ha#e spent about ? years to as(ertain

this (hara(teristi( +eature/Mendel (on(entrated at a time only on the inheritan(e

on one parti(ular trait1 ,ith the t,o (ontrastin%(onditions1 instead o+ attemptin% the inheritan(e o+

entire set o+ (hara(ters in the plant/

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