hg;+vofdf cfwfl/t sofg;/ /lh:6«l (pbcr)nhrc.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/attachments.pdf ·...
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![Page 1: hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L (PBCR)nhrc.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Attachments.pdf · g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ kmf]g g+=M ±(&&–!–$@%$@@), $@@&$^),](https://reader034.vdocuments.pub/reader034/viewer/2022050520/5fa426894b7eed5cbd4184ff/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
s] / lsg <
g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifbn] g]kfn ;/sf/ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno;Fusf] ;xsfo{df hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L
(Population Based Cancer Registry) ;g @)!* hgj/L b]lv z'?jft u/]sf] xf] . /lh:6«L, WHO / International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC) sf] k|flalws ;xof]udf ;+rflnt 5 eg] o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo ;/sf/nfO{ cfaZos kg{] SofG;/ /f]u;DalGw
tYof+ssf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ pQm /f]u lgoGq0fsf nfuL gLlt tyf /0fgLlt of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u ug{] /x]sf] 5 . sf7dfG8f}
pkTosfdf ;g\ @)!* df z'? eO{ xfn of] /lhi6«L ;a} If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]ul/ b]zsf cGo ^ lhNnfdf la:tf/ eO{;s]sf] 5 .
sf7dfG8f} pkTosf SofG;/ /lhi6«Lsf] p2]Zo sf7df08f} pkTosfleq gofF SofG;/ la/fdL b/ (Incidence Rate), SofG;/ /f]usf] d[To'b/
(Mortality Rate), 9fFrf (Pattern) / SofG;/ /f]usf] :jefa (Trends) ;DalGw tYox? ;+sng ul/ hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/
/lhi6«Lsf] /fli6«o Ifdtf clea[l2 ug{' /x]sf] 5 . lgoldt ?kdf tYof+s ;+sng ug{ o;n] pkTosfleq /x]sf #* :jf:Yos]Gb|;+u ;xsfo{
u/]sf] 5 eg] cGo /fli6«o tyf cGt{/fli6«o >f]t h:t} lalk sf]O{/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfn lrtjg tyf 6f6f d]df]l/on SofG;/
c:ktfn d'DaO{af6 klg tYof+s ;+sng eO{/x]sf] 5 . o; /lhi6«Ln] pkTosfsf tLg lhNnf sf7df08f}, nlntk'/ / eQmk'/df a;f]af;
ug{] sl/a #),&!,(#@ zx/L hg;+Vofsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .
s;/L <
of] /lh:6«Lsf] tYof+s ;+sng lalw ;lqmo (active) ljlw xf] eg] o;df @ j6f k|s[of ckgfO{ tYof+s ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf]M
SofG;/ /f]usf] klxrfg tyf pkrf/ k|bfos tyf cGo c:ktfn, Kofyf]nf]hL Nofa, xl:k;, cfo'a{]lbs s]Gb, :jf:Yo s]Gb| / ;fdflhs
;'/Iff zfvfaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf tYof+s . bf]>f]M ;d'bfo:t/df /x]sf :jf:YosdL{, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf;+u ;dGjo ul/ ;+sng
ul/Psf tYof+s . :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfn] cfkm\gf] If]qdf /x]sf SofG;/ la/fdLx?sf] 3/3/df uO{ tYof+s ;+sng ul/ :jf:Yorf}sL k|d'vnfO{
a'emfp5g\ eg] :jf:Yorf}sL k|d'vn] pQm tYof+s ;DalGwt kfnLsfx?sf :jf:Yo;+of]hsnfO{ / :jf:Yo;+of]hsn] dfl;s ?kdf g]kfn
:jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifbdf k7fpg] ub{5g\ .
o;sf ;fy} Go'g SofG;/ la/fdL b/ k|fKt ePsf :yfgdf / g]kfnsf nfuL tf]lsPsf] SofG;/ la/fdL b/eGbf sd SofG;/sf la/fdL k|fKt
ePsf :yfgdf tYof+s ;+snsn] tL If]qsf :jf:YosdL{, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf, j8f cWoIf, j8f ;lrj / ;d'bfosf ;lqmo
JolQmTj;+usf] ;dGjo / ;xof]udf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] klxrfg ul/ ;DalGwt kl/jf/df uO{ tYof+s ;+sng ub{5g\ . pQm >f]tx?af6
;+slnt tYof+snfO{ IARC sf] ;dGjogdf CanReg5 ;km\6j]/sf] ;xfotfn] ljj/0f gbf]xf]¥ofO{sg tYof+s k|lali6 (Data Entry) tyf
laZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
s]–s] k|fKt eof] <
;g\ @)!* df sf7dfG8f} pkTosf SofG;/ /lhi6«Ldf k|fKt ePsf !!,^)) gofF SofG;/ la/fdL dWo] @!%^ la/fdL btf{ ePsf 5g\ h;df
((( k'?if / !!%& dlxnf 5g\ . o; cGtu{t k|lt ! nfv hg;+Vofdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht 36gf b/ (Age-Adjusted Incidence Rate,
AAR) k'?ifdf, (%=# / dlxnfdf (*=! /x]sf] 5 . o;} ul/ ;g\ @)!* df ^&) j6f SofG;/af6 d[To' ePsf la/fdLx? btf{ ePsf
5g\ . k|lt ! nfv hg;+Vofdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht d[To'b/ (Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate) k'?ifdf #^=# -#^% hgf_ / dlxnfdf
@&=) -#)% hgf_ kfO{Psf] 5 eg] la/fdL d[To'b/ cg'kft (Mortality to Incidence Ratio, M/I) #!Ü /x]sf] 5 .
sf7df08f} pkTosfleq k'?ifdf ;aeGbf a9L kmf]S;f], k]6, d'qfzo, lkQy}nL / Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma sf] SofG;/ kfOPsf] 5
eg] &)—&$ aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf k'?ifdf SofG;/ la/fdL Pj+ d[To'b/ klg pRr /x]sf] 5 . dlxnfdf :tg, kmf]S;f], kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/,
lkQfzo / l8Dafzosf] SofG;/, k|d'v SofG;/sf] ?kdf kfOPsf] 5 eg] SofG;/ la/fdL / d[To'b/ &% aif{eGbf dflysf pd]/ ;d'xdf
;a}eGbf a9L / To;kl5 ^%—^( aif{ pd]/ ;d'xdf a9L kfOPsf] 5 .
SofG;/ /lhi6«Lsf] klxnf] aif{df $=% Ü k'?if / #=@Ü dlxnfdf SofG;/ k|f/De ePsf] k|fylds cË (Primary Unknown) c1ft /x]sf
la/fdL btf{ ePsf 5g\ eg] btf{ ePsf ;a} 36gfdWo] ()=%Ü ;'Id—lgbfgfTds cfwf/ (Microscospic Basis of Diagnosis) / afFsL
cGo lalw (Non-Microscopic Basis of Diagnosis) h:t}M lSnlgsn, /]l8of]nf]hL, df}lvs ;'rgf / d[To'btf{ k|df0fkqsf cfwf/df
btf{ ul/Psf 5g\ .
:jf:Yo s]Gb|df Ps?ktf tyf j}1flgs tYof+s clen]v k|0ffnL / ;+k|]if0f (Recording and Reporting) lalw gePsf sf/0f
sf7df08f} pkTosf SofG;/ /lhi6«Ln] hgzlQm, cfly{s >f]t, ;do / ;fwgsf] ?kdf cltl/Qm d'No Pj+ ef/ u|x0f ul//x]sf] 5 . lgjf;sf]
;jfndf >f]taf6 k|fKt lgjf; 7]ufgfdf e/ kg{ g;lsg] ePsfn] k|To]s la/fdL jf p;sf] gft]bf/nfO{ ;Dks{ ul/ lgjf; ;'lglZrt ug{'kg{]
afWotf /x]sf] 5 .
cj s] ug'{k5{ <
;a} ;/sf/L tyf lglh :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] /]s8{df Ps?ktf ;fy} clgafo{ kg{] tYof+s ;lxt l8lh6n clen]v k|0ffnL
x'g' cfaZos 5 . o;sf ;fy}] :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, ;DalGwt k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] SofG;/ /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f
gLlt to ul/ o; /lhi6«Ln] k|bfg ug{] tYosf cfwf/df sfo{qmd agfO{ nfu' ug{'kg{] b]lvG5 .
hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L (PBCR)
sf7df8f}“ pkTosf -sf7df8f}“, eQmk'/ / nlntk'/_ dfSofG;/ /f]usf] tYof+s, @)!*
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g]kfn ;/sf/g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\
kmf]g g+=M ±(&&–!–$@%$@@), $@@&$^), km\ofS;M ±(&&–!–$@^@$^(, /fdzfxky, kf]=a=g+=M &^@^, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .
j]e;fO{6M http://www.nhrc.gov.np, O{d]nM [email protected]
g]kfn
:jf
:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/
ifb\
:yflktM @)$&
s] / lsg <
g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifbn] g]kfn ;/sf/ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno;Fusf] ;xsfo{df hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L
(Population Based Cancer Registry) ;g @)!* hgj/L b]lv z'?jft u/]sf] xf] . /lh:6«L, WHO / International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC) sf] k|flalws ;xof]udf ;+rflnt 5 eg] o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo ;/sf/nfO{ cfaZos kg{] SofG;/ /f]u;DalGw
tYof+ssf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ pQm /f]u lgoGq0fsf nfuL gLlt tyf /0fgLlt of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u ug{] /x]sf] 5 . sf7dfG8f}
pkTosfdf ;g\ @)!* df z'? eO{ xfn of] /lhi6«L ;a} If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj x'g]ul/ b]zsf cGo ^ lhNnfdf la:tf/ eO{;s]sf] 5 .
sf7dfG8f} pkTosf SofG;/ /lhi6«Lsf] p2]Zo sf7df08f} pkTosfleq gofF SofG;/ la/fdL b/ (Incidence Rate), SofG;/ /f]usf] d[To'b/
(Mortality Rate), 9fFrf (Pattern) / SofG;/ /f]usf] :jefa (Trends) ;DalGw tYox? ;+sng ul/ hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/
/lhi6«Lsf] /fli6«o Ifdtf clea[l2 ug{' /x]sf] 5 . lgoldt ?kdf tYof+s ;+sng ug{ o;n] pkTosfleq /x]sf #* :jf:Yos]Gb|;+u ;xsfo{
u/]sf] 5 eg] cGo /fli6«o tyf cGt{/fli6«o >f]t h:t} lalk sf]O{/fnf d]df]l/on SofG;/ c:ktfn lrtjg tyf 6f6f d]df]l/on SofG;/
c:ktfn d'DaO{af6 klg tYof+s ;+sng eO{/x]sf] 5 . o; /lhi6«Ln] pkTosfsf tLg lhNnf sf7df08f}, nlntk'/ / eQmk'/df a;f]af;
ug{] sl/a #),&!,(#@ zx/L hg;+Vofsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .
s;/L <
of] /lh:6«Lsf] tYof+s ;+sng lalw ;lqmo (active) ljlw xf] eg] o;df @ j6f k|s[of ckgfO{ tYof+s ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf]M
SofG;/ /f]usf] klxrfg tyf pkrf/ k|bfos tyf cGo c:ktfn, Kofyf]nf]hL Nofa, xl:k;, cfo'a{]lbs s]Gb, :jf:Yo s]Gb| / ;fdflhs
;'/Iff zfvfaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf tYof+s . bf]>f]M ;d'bfo:t/df /x]sf :jf:YosdL{, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf;+u ;dGjo ul/ ;+sng
ul/Psf tYof+s . :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsfn] cfkm\gf] If]qdf /x]sf SofG;/ la/fdLx?sf] 3/3/df uO{ tYof+s ;+sng ul/ :jf:Yorf}sL k|d'vnfO{
a'emfp5g\ eg] :jf:Yorf}sL k|d'vn] pQm tYof+s ;DalGwt kfnLsfx?sf :jf:Yo;+of]hsnfO{ / :jf:Yo;+of]hsn] dfl;s ?kdf g]kfn
:jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifbdf k7fpg] ub{5g\ .
o;sf ;fy} Go'g SofG;/ la/fdL b/ k|fKt ePsf :yfgdf / g]kfnsf nfuL tf]lsPsf] SofG;/ la/fdL b/eGbf sd SofG;/sf la/fdL k|fKt
ePsf :yfgdf tYof+s ;+snsn] tL If]qsf :jf:YosdL{, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf, j8f cWoIf, j8f ;lrj / ;d'bfosf ;lqmo
JolQmTj;+usf] ;dGjo / ;xof]udf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] klxrfg ul/ ;DalGwt kl/jf/df uO{ tYof+s ;+sng ub{5g\ . pQm >f]tx?af6
;+slnt tYof+snfO{ IARC sf] ;dGjogdf CanReg5 ;km\6j]/sf] ;xfotfn] ljj/0f gbf]xf]¥ofO{sg tYof+s k|lali6 (Data Entry) tyf
laZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
s]–s] k|fKt eof] <
;g\ @)!* df sf7dfG8f} pkTosf SofG;/ /lhi6«Ldf k|fKt ePsf !!,^)) gofF SofG;/ la/fdL dWo] @!%^ la/fdL btf{ ePsf 5g\ h;df
((( k'?if / !!%& dlxnf 5g\ . o; cGtu{t k|lt ! nfv hg;+Vofdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht 36gf b/ (Age-Adjusted Incidence Rate,
AAR) k'?ifdf, (%=# / dlxnfdf (*=! /x]sf] 5 . o;} ul/ ;g\ @)!* df ^&) j6f SofG;/af6 d[To' ePsf la/fdLx? btf{ ePsf
5g\ . k|lt ! nfv hg;+Vofdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht d[To'b/ (Age-Adjusted Mortality Rate) k'?ifdf #^=# -#^% hgf_ / dlxnfdf
@&=) -#)% hgf_ kfO{Psf] 5 eg] la/fdL d[To'b/ cg'kft (Mortality to Incidence Ratio, M/I) #!Ü /x]sf] 5 .
sf7df08f} pkTosfleq k'?ifdf ;aeGbf a9L kmf]S;f], k]6, d'qfzo, lkQy}nL / Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma sf] SofG;/ kfOPsf] 5
eg] &)—&$ aif{ pd]/ ;d'xsf k'?ifdf SofG;/ la/fdL Pj+ d[To'b/ klg pRr /x]sf] 5 . dlxnfdf :tg, kmf]S;f], kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/,
lkQfzo / l8Dafzosf] SofG;/, k|d'v SofG;/sf] ?kdf kfOPsf] 5 eg] SofG;/ la/fdL / d[To'b/ &% aif{eGbf dflysf pd]/ ;d'xdf
;a}eGbf a9L / To;kl5 ^%—^( aif{ pd]/ ;d'xdf a9L kfOPsf] 5 .
SofG;/ /lhi6«Lsf] klxnf] aif{df $=% Ü k'?if / #=@Ü dlxnfdf SofG;/ k|f/De ePsf] k|fylds cË (Primary Unknown) c1ft /x]sf
la/fdL btf{ ePsf 5g\ eg] btf{ ePsf ;a} 36gfdWo] ()=%Ü ;'Id—lgbfgfTds cfwf/ (Microscospic Basis of Diagnosis) / afFsL
cGo lalw (Non-Microscopic Basis of Diagnosis) h:t}M lSnlgsn, /]l8of]nf]hL, df}lvs ;'rgf / d[To'btf{ k|df0fkqsf cfwf/df
btf{ ul/Psf 5g\ .
:jf:Yo s]Gb|df Ps?ktf tyf j}1flgs tYof+s clen]v k|0ffnL / ;+k|]if0f (Recording and Reporting) lalw gePsf sf/0f
sf7df08f} pkTosf SofG;/ /lhi6«Ln] hgzlQm, cfly{s >f]t, ;do / ;fwgsf] ?kdf cltl/Qm d'No Pj+ ef/ u|x0f ul//x]sf] 5 . lgjf;sf]
;jfndf >f]taf6 k|fKt lgjf; 7]ufgfdf e/ kg{ g;lsg] ePsfn] k|To]s la/fdL jf p;sf] gft]bf/nfO{ ;Dks{ ul/ lgjf; ;'lglZrt ug{'kg{]
afWotf /x]sf] 5 .
cj s] ug'{k5{ <
;a} ;/sf/L tyf lglh :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] /]s8{df Ps?ktf ;fy} clgafo{ kg{] tYof+s ;lxt l8lh6n clen]v k|0ffnL
x'g' cfaZos 5 . o;sf ;fy}] :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno, ;DalGwt k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] SofG;/ /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f
gLlt to ul/ o; /lhi6«Ln] k|bfg ug{] tYosf cfwf/df sfo{qmd agfO{ nfu' ug{'kg{] b]lvG5 .
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cltcfjZos cf}iflw eGgfn] hg:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] k|fylds cfjZostfx?nfO{ k"/f ug]{ cf}iflw a'lemG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] &) j6f
cf}iflwx?nfO{ cltcfjZos cf}iflwsf] ;'rLdf /fv]sf] 5 . cltcfjZos cf}iflwx? g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 ljleGg /f]ux?df
pkef]u x'b} cfPsf 5g\ . cf}iflw ;]jg d"nt /f]u jf ladf/L lgsf] kfg{sf nflu ul/G5 t/ ;f]xL cf}iflw plrt u'0f:t/sf] gxF'bf To;n]
hg:jf:Yodf gsf/fTds tyf ulDe/ c;/ kfb{5 . g]kfndf cf}iflwsf] u'0f:t/ dfly k|Zg lrGx v8f ug]{ ljleGg oyfy{tfx? a]nfavt
aflxl//x]sf] kfO{G5 . oBkL, g]kfndf cltcfjZos cf}iflwx?sf] u'0f:t/ s] s:tf] 5 eGg] s'g} tYofÍ jf n]vfhf]vf gePsf] b]lvG5 .
t;y{ o; cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df /x]sf cltcfjZos cf}iflwx?sf] u'0f:t/ ;DalGw cWoog ug{' xf] .
s;/L <
o; cWoogdf g]kfnel/sf @! j6f lhNnfx? ;dfa]; 5g\ . cWoogsf nflu g]kfnsf] ;ft} j6f k|b]zaf6 kxf8L, lxdfnL / t/fO{sf
lhNnfx? cg'kflts ?kdf 5gf}6 u/L tL k|To]s lhNnfx?af6 Pp6f c:ktfn, Pp6f :jf:Yo rf}sL / Pp6f k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| rog
ul/Psf] lyof] . o; cWoogdf s'n ^@ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? / kfFr If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x? ;+nUg lyP . ;+/lrt k|ZgfjnLsf] k|of]u u/L
:jf:Yo ;+:yfx? / If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?sf O{Grfh{;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lnO{Psf] lyof] . k|ToIf canf]sgaf6 :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? / If]qLo
d]l8sn :6f]/x?sf cf}iflw e08f/ sf]7fsf] ca:yf /]s8{ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} e08f/ sf]7fsf] tfkqmd / cfb|tf l8lh6n pks/0faf6
dfkg u/L /]s8{ u/LPsf] lyof] . :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x? af6 @) j6f h]g]l/s cf}iflwx?sf] s'n @$$ Aofrx? ;+sng
u/L /fli6«o cf}iflw k|of]uzfnfdf u'0f:t/ kl/If0fsf nflu k7fO{Psf] lyof] . ;a} tYofÍ / cf}iflwx? bIf tyf tflnd k|fKt kmfd]{l;i6x?åf/f
;+sng u/LPsf] lyof] .
s] s] kfO{of] <;+sng u/LPsf @$$ cf}iflwsf Aofrx?dWo] #& j6f Aofrx? plrt u'0f:t/sf] gePsf] kfOPsf 5g\ . h;dWo] @# j6f g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ljt/0f ePsf Aofrx? 5g\ eg] !$ j6f Aofrx? :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df cGo >f]taf6 cfPsf kfOPsf] 5 . u'0f:t/ km]n ePsf cf}iflwx?sf] gfd / Aofrsf] ;ª\Vof lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\M
g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 ljt/0f ul/g] clt cfjZos cf}iflwx?sf] u'0f:t/ ;DalGw cWoog cg';Gwfgsf glthfx? To:t}, *-!#%_ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? -s'n ^@ dWo]_ / # -% dWo]_ If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?n] dfq k"0f{?kdf cf}iflw e08f/0f lgb]{lzsf
kfngf u/]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} cf}iflw e08f/ sf]7fsf] tfkqmd !% °C –@% °C x'g' kg]{df :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df !( °C b]lv #& °C / If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?df #) °C b]lv #& °C ;Dd tfkqmd tYof+s ;+sngsf] a]nfdf dfkg ePsf] kfOof] . To;}u/L cf}iflw e08f/ sf]7fsf] cfb|tf ^)Ü eGbf sd x'g'kg]{df tYof+s ;+sngsf] a]nfdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df $)Ü b]lv *^Ü / If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?df ^!Ü b]lv &&Ü ;Dd cfb|tf dfkg ePsf] kfOof] .
lgisif{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df k|of]u x'Fb} cfO{/x]sf cltcfjZos cf}iflwsf s]xL Aofrx? ;]jg ug{ cof]Uo /x]sf] o; cWoogaf6 kfOPsf] 5 . To:t} :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? tyf If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?df cf}iflw e08f/0f lgb]{lzsf k"0f{?kdf kfngf gul/Psf] b]lvPsf] 5 . t;y{ g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ;DalGwt lgsfosf] o; ljifodf uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f x'g h?/L b]lvG5 . ;fy} hgdfg;df ;'/lIft cf}iflw ;]jg ;'lglZrt ug{ tTsfn} cfjZos sbd rfNg h?/L 5 .
Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride eye/ear drop
# ($@=*%%) /fs/; nfk]g
Iron supplements tablets
@ (!^=̂ &%) /fs/; nfk]g
Metformin Hydrochloride tablets
% (@(=$!%) :yfgLo t]f>
Metronidazole Tablets !@ (^) %) cf7 j6f Aofr ,6fa/fs/; nfk]grf/ j6f Aofr :yfgLo t]f> af6
Paracetamol paediatric Oral suspension
# (@^=̂ &%) /fs/; nfk]g
Paracetamol tablets # (!#=̂ #%) :yfgLo t]f> Povidone -iodine solution ( (^)%) ,6fa/fs/; nfk]g rfoA f6j tf;
oLgfy: rfoA f6j {O'b t]f> af6
cf}iflwsf h]g]l/s gfdx?u'0f:t/ km]n ePsf] cf}iflwsfAofrx?sf] ;ª\Vof / k|ltzt
cfk"tL{sf] >f]t
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cltcfjZos cf}iflw eGgfn] hg:jf:Yo ;]jfsf] k|fylds cfjZostfx?nfO{ k"/f ug]{ cf}iflw a'lemG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] &) j6f
cf}iflwx?nfO{ cltcfjZos cf}iflwsf] ;'rLdf /fv]sf] 5 . cltcfjZos cf}iflwx? g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?af6 ljleGg /f]ux?df
pkef]u x'b} cfPsf 5g\ . cf}iflw ;]jg d"nt /f]u jf ladf/L lgsf] kfg{sf nflu ul/G5 t/ ;f]xL cf}iflw plrt u'0f:t/sf] gxF'bf To;n]
hg:jf:Yodf gsf/fTds tyf ulDe/ c;/ kfb{5 . g]kfndf cf}iflwsf] u'0f:t/ dfly k|Zg lrGx v8f ug]{ ljleGg oyfy{tfx? a]nfavt
aflxl//x]sf] kfO{G5 . oBkL, g]kfndf cltcfjZos cf}iflwx?sf] u'0f:t/ s] s:tf] 5 eGg] s'g} tYofÍ jf n]vfhf]vf gePsf] b]lvG5 .
t;y{ o; cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo g]kfnsf] :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df /x]sf cltcfjZos cf}iflwx?sf] u'0f:t/ ;DalGw cWoog ug{' xf] .
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o; cWoogdf g]kfnel/sf @! j6f lhNnfx? ;dfa]; 5g\ . cWoogsf nflu g]kfnsf] ;ft} j6f k|b]zaf6 kxf8L, lxdfnL / t/fO{sf
lhNnfx? cg'kflts ?kdf 5gf}6 u/L tL k|To]s lhNnfx?af6 Pp6f c:ktfn, Pp6f :jf:Yo rf}sL / Pp6f k|fylds :jf:Yo s]Gb| rog
ul/Psf] lyof] . o; cWoogdf s'n ^@ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? / kfFr If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x? ;+nUg lyP . ;+/lrt k|ZgfjnLsf] k|of]u u/L
:jf:Yo ;+:yfx? / If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?sf O{Grfh{;Fu cGtjf{tf{ lnO{Psf] lyof] . k|ToIf canf]sgaf6 :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? / If]qLo
d]l8sn :6f]/x?sf cf}iflw e08f/ sf]7fsf] ca:yf /]s8{ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} e08f/ sf]7fsf] tfkqmd / cfb|tf l8lh6n pks/0faf6
dfkg u/L /]s8{ u/LPsf] lyof] . :jf:Yo ;+:yf tyf If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x? af6 @) j6f h]g]l/s cf}iflwx?sf] s'n @$$ Aofrx? ;+sng
u/L /fli6«o cf}iflw k|of]uzfnfdf u'0f:t/ kl/If0fsf nflu k7fO{Psf] lyof] . ;a} tYofÍ / cf}iflwx? bIf tyf tflnd k|fKt kmfd]{l;i6x?åf/f
;+sng u/LPsf] lyof] .
s] s] kfO{of] <;+sng u/LPsf @$$ cf}iflwsf Aofrx?dWo] #& j6f Aofrx? plrt u'0f:t/sf] gePsf] kfOPsf 5g\ . h;dWo] @# j6f g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ljt/0f ePsf Aofrx? 5g\ eg] !$ j6f Aofrx? :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df cGo >f]taf6 cfPsf kfOPsf] 5 . u'0f:t/ km]n ePsf cf}iflwx?sf] gfd / Aofrsf] ;ª\Vof lgDg k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\M
g]kfn ;/sf/g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\
kmf]g g+=M ±(&&–!–$@%$@@), $@@&$^), km\ofS;M ±(&&–!–$@^@$^(, /fdzfxky, kf]=a=g+=M &^@^, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .
j]e;fO{6M http://www.nhrc.gov.np, O{d]nM [email protected]
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To:t}, *-!#%_ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? -s'n ^@ dWo]_ / # -% dWo]_ If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?n] dfq k"0f{?kdf cf}iflw e08f/0f lgb]{lzsf kfngf u/]sf] kfO{Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} cf}iflw e08f/ sf]7fsf] tfkqmd !% °C –@% °C x'g' kg]{df :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df !( °C b]lv #& °C / If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?df #) °C b]lv #& °C ;Dd tfkqmd tYof+s ;+sngsf] a]nfdf dfkg ePsf] kfOof] . To;}u/L cf}iflw e08f/ sf]7fsf] cfb|tf ^)Ü eGbf sd x'g'kg]{df tYof+s ;+sngsf] a]nfdf :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df $)Ü b]lv *^Ü / If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?df ^!Ü b]lv &&Ü ;Dd cfb|tf dfkg ePsf] kfOof] .
lgisif{ :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df k|of]u x'Fb} cfO{/x]sf cltcfjZos cf}iflwsf s]xL Aofrx? ;]jg ug{ cof]Uo /x]sf] o; cWoogaf6 kfOPsf] 5 . To:t} :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? tyf If]qLo d]l8sn :6f]/x?df cf}iflw e08f/0f lgb]{lzsf k"0f{?kdf kfngf gul/Psf] b]lvPsf] 5 . t;y{ g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf ;DalGwt lgsfosf] o; ljifodf uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f x'g h?/L b]lvG5 . ;fy} hgdfg;df ;'/lIft cf}iflw ;]jg ;'lglZrt ug{ tTsfn} cfjZos sbd rfNg h?/L 5 .
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s] / lsg <
g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifbn] ;/sf/nfO{ cfaZos SofG;/ /f]usf] tYof+ssf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;f] /f]u lgoGq0fsf nfuL gLlt tyf /0fgLlt of]hgf th{'df / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u ug{] p2]Zon] :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno;Fusf] ;dGjodf hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L ;g\ @)!* hgj/L b]lv z'?jft u/]sf] xf] . of] /lh:6«L WHO / International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) sf] k|flalws ;xof]udf zx/L, cw{ zx/L / u|fdL0f If]qsf ;fy} pkTos -sf7df8f}+, eQmk'/, nlntk'/_ kxf8 -k"jL{ ?s'd / klZrd ?s'd_ / t/fO{ -l;/xf, ;Kt/L, w'giff, dxf]Q/L_ nfO{ ;d]6L b]zsf ( j6f lhNnfdf ;+rflnt ePsf] 5 .
?s'd SofG;/ /lh:6«Ln] tL lhNnfx?df /x]sf gofF SofG;/ la/fdL b/ (Incidence Rate) , SofG;/ /f]usf] d[To' b/ (Mortality Rate) / SofG;/ 9fFrf (Pattern) klxrfg ul/ pQm If]qdf SofG;/ pkrf/ ;]jfnfO{ ;jn / k|efasf/L agfpg pko'Qm SofG;/ lgoGq0f /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ug{ d2t ug{]5 . o; /lh:6«Ln] g]kfnsf] kxf8 tyf u|fdL0f If]qnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5 / o; cGtu{t ;g\ @)!* sf] cg'dflgt hg;+Vof @,@!,#&^ /x]sf] 5 .
s;/L <
o; /lh:6«Lsf] tYof+s ;+sng ug{] k|s[of ;lqmo (active) ljlw xf] eg] o;df @ j6f tl/sfaf6 tYof+s ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf]M SofG;/ /f]usf] klxrfg tyf pkrf/ k|bfos tyf c:ktfnx?, Kofyf]nf]hL Nofa, xl:k;, cfo'j]{b c:ktfn, :jf:Yo s]Gb| / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff zfvfaf6 tYof+s ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . bf]>f]M ;DalGwt ;d'bfodf tfnLd k|fKt tYof+s ;+sng ug{] JolQmx? kl/rfng ul/ pQm If]qsf :jf:YosdL{, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf, j8f cWoIf, j8f ;lrj tyf ;d'bfosf ;lqmo JolQmTjx?nfO{ e]l6 pxfFx?sf] ;xof]udf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] klxrfg u/L cfjZos ljj/0f lnO{ tYof+s ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . pQm >f]tx?af6 ;+slnt tYof+snfO{ IARC sf] ;dGjogdf CanReg5 ;km\6j]/sf] ;xfotfn] ljj/0f gbf]xf]¥ofO{sg tYof+s btf{ (Data Entry) ul/Psf] 5 .
s]–s] k|fKt eof] <
;g\ @)!* df ?s'd /lhi6«L cGtu{t *& gof+ SofG;/ la/fdL -k'?if $$ / dlxnf $#_ / #* -k'?if !^ / dlxnf @@_ SofG;/ /f]uaf6 d[To' x'g] dflg;x? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . o;df k|lt Ps nfv hg;+Vofdf k'?ifdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht 36gf b/ (Age Adjusted Incidence Rate,AAR) %(=! / dlxnfdf AAR %!=$ /x]sf] 5 . o;}ul/ k|lt ! nfv hg;+Vofdf k'?ifdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht d[To'b/ (Age Adjusted Mortality Rate) @!=$ / dlxnfdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht d[To'b/ @%=! /x]sf] 5 . of] /lhi6«L cGtu{t la/fdL d[To'b/ cg'kft (Mortality to Incidence Ratio, M/I) $#=^ Ü /x]sf] 5 .
pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/ gof+ SofG;/ la/fdL b/ k'?ifdf ^% b]lv ^( aif{ pd]/ ;d'x / dlxnfdf %% b]lv %( aif{ pd]/ ;d'xdf pRr ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . k'?ifdf kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ ;a} eGbf w]/} / To; kZrft cfdfzo, yfO/f]O8, k|f]:6]6, lkQfzo, sn]hf]sf] SofG;/ ePsf] kfOof] eg], dlxnfdf kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ ;a} eGbf w]/} / To; kZrft kmf]S;f] SofG;/, kf7]3/sf] SofG;/ l8Djfzo / :tg SofG;/ pRr ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . o; /lh:6«Ln] ;g\ @)!* df, (Ü k'?if / @!Ü dlxnf la/fdLdf SofG;/ k|f/De ePsf] k|fylds cË c1ft (Primary Unknown) /x]sf] btf{ u/]sf] lyof] . pQm tYof+sn] /f]u klxrfgsf] u'0f:t/Lotf, pknAwtf / lgbfg s]Gb||sf] kx'Fr nufot ck'0f{ lrlsT;sLo clen]v k|0ffnLsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .
:jf:Yo s]Gb|df a}1flgs lsl;dsf] tYof+s tyf l8lh6n /]s8{ gePsf sf/0f s]lx cj:yfdf SofG;/ kQf nfu]sf] ldlt / o;sf] k|fylds cË SofG;/ la/fdL / pgLx?sf cfkmGtaf6 k|fKt ePsf df}lvs ;'rgfdf e/ kg{' k/]sf] lyof] .
cj s] ug'{k5{ <
;a} ;/sf/L tyf lglh :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf clgjfo{ kg]{ SofG;/ la/fdLsf] /]s8{df Ps?ktf tyf tYof+sx? l8lh6n clen]v k|0ffnL x'g' cfaZos 5 . :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno;+u ;DalGwt k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] SofG;/ /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f gLlt to ul/ o; /lhi6«Ln] k|bfg ug{] tYosf cfwf/df sfo{qmd agfO{ nfu' ug{'kg{] b]lvG5 . ;fy} of] If]qdf k|f/lDes SofG;/ klxrfg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{' cToGt} cfaZos /x]sf] 5 .
hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L (PBCR)
?s'd lhNnfdf SofG;/ /f]usf] tYof+s, @)!*
g]kfn ;/sf/g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\
kmf]g g+=M ±(&&–!–$@%$@@), $@@&$^), km\ofS;M ±(&&–!–$@^@$^(, /fdzfxky, kf]=a=g+=M &^@^, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .
j]e;fO{6M http://www.nhrc.gov.np, O{d]nM [email protected]
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s] / lsg <g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifbn] ;/sf/nfO{ cfaZos SofG;/ /f]usf] tYof+ssf] hfgsf/L u/fO{ ;f] /f]u lgoGq0fsf nfuL gLlt tyf /0fgLlt of]hgf th{'df / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;xof]u ug{] p2]Zon] :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno;+usf] ;xsfo{df hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L ;g\ @)!* hgj/L b]lv z'?jft u/]sf] xf] . /lh:6«L, WHO / International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) sf] k|flalws ;xof]udf pkTosf, kxf8 / t/fO{nfO{ ;d]6L b]zsf ( lhNnfdf ;+rflnt 5 .
l;/fxf, ;Kt/L, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L (SSDM) SofG;/ /lh:6«Ln] tL lhNnfx?df /x]sf gofF SofG;/ la/fdL b/ (Incidence Rate) , SofG;/ /f]usf] d[To' b/ (Mortality Rate) / SofG;/ 9fFrfsf] (Pattern) klxrfg ul/ pQm If]qdf SofG;/ pkrf/ ;]jfnfO{ ;jn / k|efasf/L agfpg pko'Qm SofG;/ lgoGq0f /0fgLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] lasf; ug{ d2t ug{]5 . o; /lh:6«Ln] g]kfnsf] t/fO{ tyf cw{ ;x/L If]qnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5 / o; cGtu{t sl/a @*,$^,)#% hg;+Vof /x]sf] 5 .
s;/L </lh:6«Lsf] tYof+s ;+sng lalw ;lqmo (active) ljlw xf] eg] o;df @ j6f k|s[of ckgfO{ tYof+s ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . klxnf], SofG;/ /f]usf] klxrfg tyf pkrf/ k|bfos tyf cGo c:ktfn, Kofyf]nf]hL Nofa, xl:k;, cfo'j]{b, :jf:Yo s]Gb| / ;fdflhs ;'/Iff zfvfaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf tYof+s . bf]>f], ;DalGwt ;d'bfodf tfnLdk|fKt tYof+s ;+sns kl/rfng ul/ pQm If]qsf :jf:YosdL{, dlxnf :jf:Yo :jo+;]ljsf, j8f cWoIf, j8f ;lrj tyf ;d'bfosf ;lqmo JolQmTjx?nfO{ e]l6 pxfFx?sf] ;xof]udf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] klxrfg u/L cfjZos ljj/0f ;+sng ul/Psf tYof+s . pQm >f]tx?af6 ;+slnt tYof+snfO{ IARC sf] ;dGjodf CanReg5 ;km\6j]/sf] ;xfotfn] ljj/0f gbf]xf]¥ofO{sg tYof+s k|lali6 (Data Entry) tyf laZn]ifg ul/Psf] 5 .
s]–s] k|fKt eof] <;g @)!* df l;/fxf, ;Kt/L, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L /lhi6«L cGtu{t !!)^ gof+ SofG;/ la/fdL - %^$ k'?if / %$@ dlxnf_ / @*^ SofG;/ /f]u nflu d[To' x'g] dflg;x?sf] btf{ ePsf 5g\ . o;df k|lt Ps nfv hg;+Vofdf, k'?ifdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht 36gf b/ (Age Adjusted Incidence Rate, AAR) $&=! / dlxnfdf AAR $$=^ /x]sf] 5 . o;}ul/, k|lt ! nfv hg;+Vofdf k'?ifdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht d[To'b/ (Age Adjusted Mortality Rate) !#=! / dlxnfdf pd]/ ;dfof]lht d[To'b/ !!=! /x]sf] 5 . of] /lhi6«L cGtu{t Mortality to Incidence ratio (M/I) @^ Ü 5, h'g l5d]sL b]z ef/t tyf b]zleqs} cGo /lhi6«Lsf] t'ngfdf sd 5 .
pd]/ ;d'x cg';f/ gof+ SofG;/ la/fdL b/ k'?ifdf &) b]lv &$ aif{ pd]/ ;d'x / dlxnfdf ^% b]lv ^( aif{ pd]/ ;d'xdf pRr ePsf] kfOof] . k'?ifdf d'vsf] SofG;/ ;a} eGbf a9L / To; kZrft kmf]S;f], lkQfzo, sn]hf] / k]6sf] SofG;/ kfOof] eg], dlxnfdf :tg SofG;/ ;a} eGbf a9L / To; kZrft kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/, lkQfzo, kmf]S;f] / k]6sf] SofG;/ pRr kfOof] . o; /lh:6«Ln] ;g @)!* df *Ü k'?if / $=$Ü dlxnf la/fdLdf SofG;/ k|f/De ePsf] k|fylds cË c1ft /x]sf] (Primary Unknown) btf{ u/]sf] lyof] . pQm tYof+sn] /f]u klxrfgsf] u'0f:t/Lotf, pknAwtf / lgbfg s]Gb||sf] kx'Fr nufot ck'0f{ lrlsT;sLo clen]v k|0ffnLsf] k|ltlglwTj ub{5 .
:jf:Yo s]Gb|df a}1flgs lsl;dsf] tYof+s tyf l8lh6n /]s8{ gePsf sf/0f s]lx cj:yfdf SofG;/ kQf nfu]sf] ldlt / o;sf] k|fylds cË SofG;/ la/fdL / pgLx?sf gft]bf/af6 k|fKt df}lvs ;'rgfdf e/ kg{'kg{] lyof] .
cj s] ug'{k5{ <;a} ;/sf/L tyf lglh :jf:Yo ;+:yfdf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] /]s8{df Ps?ktf tyf clgjfo{ kg]{ tYofÍsf] l8lh6n clen]v k|0ffnL x'g' cfaZos 5 . :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfno;+u ;DalGwt k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo ;/sf/n] SofG;/ /f]syfd tyf lgoGq0f gLlt to ul/ o; /lhi6«Ln] k|bfg ug{] tYosf cfwf/df sfo{qmd agfO{ nfu' ug{'kg{] b]lvG5 . ;fy}, of] If]qdf k|f/lDes SofG;/ klxrfg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{' cToGt} cfaZos /x]sf] 5 eg] o; /lhi6«Lsf] k'0f{tf dfkg ug{ qm;—;]S;gn ;e{]If0f (Cross-sectional survey) ug{'kg{] klg b]lvG5 .
hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L (PBCR)l;/fxf, ;Kt/L, wg'iff / dxf]Q/L lhNnfdf
SofG;/ /f]usf] tYof+s, @)!*
g]kfn ;/sf/g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\
kmf]g g+=M ±(&&–!–$@%$@@), $@@&$^), km\ofS;M ±(&&–!–$@^@$^(, /fdzfxky, kf]=a=g+=M &^@^, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .
j]e;fO{6M http://www.nhrc.gov.np, O{d]nM [email protected]
g]k
fn :
jf
:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/
ifb\
:yflktM @)$&
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s] / lsg <
SofG;/ /f]u cfd gful/sdf pkrf/sf sf/0f ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ef/ yKb} uO/x]sf] :jf:Yo ;d:of dWo] k|d'v ;d:of xf] . pknAw
tYof+s cg';f/ ljZjdf x'g] s'n d[To'sf] bf];|f] k|d'v lx:;f SofG;/n] cf]u6]sf] 5 eg] SofG;/sf sf/0f ;g\ @)!* df dfq (^ nfv
dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf] ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf klg o;/L g} SofG;/ /f]u k|d'v ;d:of alg /xFbf kof{Kt tYof+ssf]
eg] cefj 5 . SofG;/ ;DaGwL ljZj;gLo tYof+ssf nflu hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6««L (PBCR) x'g' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6««L eGgfn] s'g} Pp6f lglZrt If]qdf ePsf dflg;x? dWo] gofF SofG;/ la/fdL / SofG;/ /f]u nflu
d[To' x'g] dflg;x?sf] u0fgf ug]{ k4TfL xf] . o;n] SofG;/sf] /f]syfd tyf pkrf/sf nflu sfo{qmd, hg zlQm pTkfbg, :jf:Yo ;+:yf
lgdf{0f h:tf ljifodf gLlt tyf of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .
olx ckl/xfo{tfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{} g]kfnsf] s'g If]q -lhNnf_ df a;f]jf; ul//x]sf] hg;+Vof dWo] sltdf aif]{gL gofF SofG;/ b]vf
k/]sf] 5, s'g c+usf] SofG;/sf] k|sf]k al9/x]sf] 5 / s'g If]qdf slt dflg;sf] SofG;/sf sf/0f d[To' ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] olsg
tYof+s lgsfNg hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6««L g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifbn] ;g\ @)!* hgj/L b]lv :jf:Yo tyf hg;ªVof
dGqfno;+usf] ;dGjodf WHO / International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) sf] ;xof]uaf6 k|f/De u/]sf] xf] .
xfn g]kfndf leGgf leGg} ef}uf]lns If]q tyf zx/Ls/0fsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;dfj]z x'g] ul/ tLgj6f hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L
;+rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . klxnf]M sf7df08f} pkTosf SofG;/ /lhi6«L (Kathmandu Valley PBCR) h;n] pkTosf leqsf sf7df08f},
eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ ul/ tLg lhNnfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 / g]kfnsf] zx/L If]qnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . bf];|f]M ?s'd SofG;/ /lhi6«L (Rukum PBCR) h;n] k'jL{ / klZrd ?s'd u/L b'O{ lhNnfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 / g]kfnsf] kxf8L tyf u|fdL0f If]qnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . t];|f] M
l;/xf, ;Kt/L, w'giff, dxf]Q/L SofG;/ /lhi6«L (SSDM PBCR) h;n] t/fO{sf rf/ lhNnfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 / o;n] cw{—zx/L If]qnfO{
k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . o;/L zx/L, cw{—zx/L / u|fdL0f If]q ;d]l6g] u/L g]kfnsf gf} j6f lhNnfdf s'n hg;+Vofsf] @)=% Ü hg;+Vofdf
of] SofG;/ /lh:6«Lsf] kx'Fr k'u]sf] 5 .
s;/L <
SofG;/ la/fdLsf] tYof+s ;+sng ug{ ;lqmo (active) lalw ckgfO{Psf] 5 . tYof+s laz]ift b'O{ tl/sfaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 h;df
dfly pNn]lvt lhNnfdf a;f]jf; ug]{ dflg;n] SofG;/ /f]usf] lgbfg tyf pkrf/sf nflu hfg ;Sg] ;Defljt ;Dk"0f{ :jf:Yo ;+:yf,
c:ktfn, Kofyf]nf]hL, xl:k;, cfo'j]{lbs s]Gb| / ;fdflhs :jf:Yo ;'/Iff zfvf cflb :yfgaf6 ;g\ @)!* hgj/L b]lv #! l8;]Da/
@)!* ;Dd kQf nfu]sf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] ;+Vof tyf SofG;/sf sf/0f d[To' x'g k'u]sf dflg;sf] cfjZos ljj/0f ;+sng ul/Psf]
5 . o;/L SofG;/sf la/fdL tyf d[tssf] ljj/0f ;+sngdf xfn ;Dd g]kfnleq / aflx/sf u/L $* j6f ;|f]t k|of]u eO/x]sf 5g\ .
o;} ul/ ;d'bfodf tflnd k|fKt tYof+s ;+sns (Data Enumerator) kl/rfng ul/ pQm If]qsf :jf:YosdL{, dlxnf :jf:Yo
:jo+;]ljsf, j8f cWoIf, j8f ;lrj tyf ;d'bfosf ;lqmo JolQmTj ;+usf] ;dGjo / ;xof]udf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] klxrfg u/L cfjZos
ljj/0f ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . ;a} >f]taf6 k|fKt laj/0f nfO{ IARC sf] ;dGjodf CanReg5 ;km\6j]/sf] ;xfotfn] ljj/0f gbf]xf]¥ofO{sg
tYof+s k|lali6 (Data Entry) tyf laZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
s]–s] k|fKt eP<
!= sf7df08f} pkTosfdf gofF SofG;/ la/fdLsf] b/ k|lt ! nfv k'?ifdf (%=# / dlxnfdf (*=! kfO{Psf] 5 h'g b/ GLOBOCAN n] g]kfnsf] nflu cg'dfg u/]sf] eGbf k'?ifdf a9L tyf dlxnfdf lgs} sd xf] . tyfkL of] b/ ef/tsf laleGg zx/L /lh:6««L;+u t'ngfof]Uo 5 .
@= ?s'ddf gofF SofG;/ la/fdLsf] b/ sf7df08f} pkTosfdf eGbf sd b]lvPsf] 5 tyflk of] b/ ef/tsf u|fdL0f If]q;Fu t'nfgfof]Uo 5 .
#= l;/fxf, ;Kt/L, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L (SSDM) SofG;/ /lhi6«L -k|lt ! nfv k'?if $&=! / dlxnf $$=^_ df eg] gofF SofG;/ la/fdLsf] b/ g]kfn / ef/tsf zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf eGbf sd kfOPsf] 5 . o; SofG;/ /lhi6«Ldf yf]/} SofG;/ la/fdLx? e]l6g'sf laleGg sf/0fx? h:t}M la/fdLx? pkrf/sf nflu l;w} ef/tsf laleGg :yfgdf hfg ;Sg], SofG;/ /f]usf] klxrfg x'g g;Sg' (Under Diagnosis), 1fgsf] sdL cflb /x]sf 5g .
$= g]kfnsf] ;a} ef}uf]lns If]qx?df k|fKt SofG;/ tYof+sdf kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ pRr kfO{Psf] 5 -AAR: k|lt ! nfv, !*=!–)%=$ _
%= dlxnfx?df zx/LIf]qdf :tg SofG;/ a9L b]lvPsf] 5 eg] u|fdL0f If]qdf kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ a9L kfOPsf] 5 .
^= k]6 / lkQy}nLsf] SofG;/ klg ;a} e'efudf / b'a} lnËdf a9L b]lvPsf]] 5 . lhNnfsf] t'ngf ubf{ lkQy}nLsf] SofG;/ eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ lhNnfdf c? lhNnfeGbf w]/} b]lvPsf] 5 .
&= SSDM If]qdf k'?ifdf d'vsf] SofG;/ k|d'v SofG;/sf] ?kdf kfOPsf] 5 eg] c? If]qdf of] SofG;/ Tolt w]/} kfOPsf] 5}g .
ca s] ug'{k5{<
!= :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon] /fli6«o SofG;/ lgoGq0f /0fgLlt agfO{ pknAw k|df0fsf] cfwf/df lglZrt If]qdf b]lvPsf SofG;/ /f]unfO{ nlIft ul/ SofG;/ pkrf/ tyf /f]syfdsf sfo{qmd agfO{ ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 .
@= SofG;/ ;DalGw ;a} sfo{ x]g{] ul/ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnondf Pp6f 5'§} SofG;/ zfvfsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
#= w'd|kfg / ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] k|of]hg tyf lalqm lat/0f sfo{df /f]syfd ug]{ . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ k|of]usf] /f]syfd sfo{qmdnfO{ ;'rgf k|ljlw / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t eP/ ;lqmo agfpg] .
$= sf7df08f} pkTosf leq dlxnfdf :tg SofG;/ a9L b]lvPsfn] :tg SofG;/ ;DalGw hgr]tgf sfo{qmd, kl/If0f tyf k|f/lDes vf]h / pkrf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efasf/L agfpg] .
%= To;}u/L kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ /f]syfdsf nfuL SofG;/ ;DalGw hgr]tgf km}nfpg], kl/If0f ug{], vf]k nufpg], k|f/lDes vf]h tyf pkrf/ sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
^= u|fdL0f / cw{—zx/L If]qdf SofG;/sf nfuL k|f/lDes vf]h s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
&= k|d'v SofG;/x? h:t}M kmf]S;f], 6fpsf] / 3f6L, k]6, lkQy}nL cflbsf] hf]lvdsf sf/stTj ;DalGw yk cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ .
*= SofG;/ la/fdLsf] /]s8{df Ps?ktf, l8lh6n k|0ffnLsf] lasf; tyf cfaZos kg{] tYof+ssf] clgjfo{ pNn]v x'g]ul/ /]s8{ Aoj:yfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg] .
(= 36gf btf{ k|0ffnLdf d[To'btf{sf] pNn]Vo e'ldsf /xg] ePsfn] ;f] k|0ffnLdf d[To' btf{ pNn]v ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;+u kxn ug{] .
!)= SofG;/ /f]syfdnfO{ k|efasf/L agfpg SofG;/ ;/efO{an (survival) ;DalGw cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{] .
hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L (PBCR)
g]kfndf SofG;/ /f]usf] tYof+s, @)!*
![Page 8: hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L (PBCR)nhrc.gov.np/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Attachments.pdf · g]kfn ;/sf/ g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\ kmf]g g+=M ±(&&–!–$@%$@@), $@@&$^),](https://reader034.vdocuments.pub/reader034/viewer/2022050520/5fa426894b7eed5cbd4184ff/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
g]kfn ;/sf/g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifb\
kmf]g g+=M ±(&&–!–$@%$@@), $@@&$^), km\ofS;M ±(&&–!–$@^@$^(, /fdzfxky, kf]=a=g+=M &^@^, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn .
j]e;fO{6M http://www.nhrc.gov.np, O{d]nM [email protected]
g]kfn
:jf
:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/
ifb\
:yflktM @)$&
s] / lsg <
SofG;/ /f]u cfd gful/sdf pkrf/sf sf/0f ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ef/ yKb} uO/x]sf] :jf:Yo ;d:of dWo] k|d'v ;d:of xf] . pknAw
tYof+s cg';f/ ljZjdf x'g] s'n d[To'sf] bf];|f] k|d'v lx:;f SofG;/n] cf]u6]sf] 5 eg] SofG;/sf sf/0f ;g\ @)!* df dfq (^ nfv
dflg;sf] d[To' ePsf] ljZj :jf:Yo ;+u7gn] hgfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf klg o;/L g} SofG;/ /f]u k|d'v ;d:of alg /xFbf kof{Kt tYof+ssf]
eg] cefj 5 . SofG;/ ;DaGwL ljZj;gLo tYof+ssf nflu hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6««L (PBCR) x'g' cfjZos b]lvG5 .
hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6««L eGgfn] s'g} Pp6f lglZrt If]qdf ePsf dflg;x? dWo] gofF SofG;/ la/fdL / SofG;/ /f]u nflu
d[To' x'g] dflg;x?sf] u0fgf ug]{ k4TfL xf] . o;n] SofG;/sf] /f]syfd tyf pkrf/sf nflu sfo{qmd, hg zlQm pTkfbg, :jf:Yo ;+:yf
lgdf{0f h:tf ljifodf gLlt tyf of]hgf lgdf{0f ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpF5 .
olx ckl/xfo{tfnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{} g]kfnsf] s'g If]q -lhNnf_ df a;f]jf; ul//x]sf] hg;+Vof dWo] sltdf aif]{gL gofF SofG;/ b]vf
k/]sf] 5, s'g c+usf] SofG;/sf] k|sf]k al9/x]sf] 5 / s'g If]qdf slt dflg;sf] SofG;/sf sf/0f d[To' ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] olsg
tYof+s lgsfNg hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6««L g]kfn :jf:Yo cg';Gwfg kl/ifbn] ;g\ @)!* hgj/L b]lv :jf:Yo tyf hg;ªVof
dGqfno;+usf] ;dGjodf WHO / International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) sf] ;xof]uaf6 k|f/De u/]sf] xf] .
xfn g]kfndf leGgf leGg} ef}uf]lns If]q tyf zx/Ls/0fsf] cj:yfnfO{ ;dfj]z x'g] ul/ tLgj6f hg;+Vofdf cfwfl/t SofG;/ /lh:6«L
;+rfngdf /x]sf 5g\ . klxnf]M sf7df08f} pkTosf SofG;/ /lhi6«L (Kathmandu Valley PBCR) h;n] pkTosf leqsf sf7df08f},
eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ ul/ tLg lhNnfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 / g]kfnsf] zx/L If]qnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . bf];|f]M ?s'd SofG;/ /lhi6«L (Rukum PBCR) h;n] k'jL{ / klZrd ?s'd u/L b'O{ lhNnfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 / g]kfnsf] kxf8L tyf u|fdL0f If]qnfO{ k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . t];|f] M
l;/xf, ;Kt/L, w'giff, dxf]Q/L SofG;/ /lhi6«L (SSDM PBCR) h;n] t/fO{sf rf/ lhNnfnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 / o;n] cw{—zx/L If]qnfO{
k|ltlglwTj ub{5 . o;/L zx/L, cw{—zx/L / u|fdL0f If]q ;d]l6g] u/L g]kfnsf gf} j6f lhNnfdf s'n hg;+Vofsf] @)=% Ü hg;+Vofdf
of] SofG;/ /lh:6«Lsf] kx'Fr k'u]sf] 5 .
s;/L <
SofG;/ la/fdLsf] tYof+s ;+sng ug{ ;lqmo (active) lalw ckgfO{Psf] 5 . tYof+s laz]ift b'O{ tl/sfaf6 ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 h;df
dfly pNn]lvt lhNnfdf a;f]jf; ug]{ dflg;n] SofG;/ /f]usf] lgbfg tyf pkrf/sf nflu hfg ;Sg] ;Defljt ;Dk"0f{ :jf:Yo ;+:yf,
c:ktfn, Kofyf]nf]hL, xl:k;, cfo'j]{lbs s]Gb| / ;fdflhs :jf:Yo ;'/Iff zfvf cflb :yfgaf6 ;g\ @)!* hgj/L b]lv #! l8;]Da/
@)!* ;Dd kQf nfu]sf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] ;+Vof tyf SofG;/sf sf/0f d[To' x'g k'u]sf dflg;sf] cfjZos ljj/0f ;+sng ul/Psf]
5 . o;/L SofG;/sf la/fdL tyf d[tssf] ljj/0f ;+sngdf xfn ;Dd g]kfnleq / aflx/sf u/L $* j6f ;|f]t k|of]u eO/x]sf 5g\ .
o;} ul/ ;d'bfodf tflnd k|fKt tYof+s ;+sns (Data Enumerator) kl/rfng ul/ pQm If]qsf :jf:YosdL{, dlxnf :jf:Yo
:jo+;]ljsf, j8f cWoIf, j8f ;lrj tyf ;d'bfosf ;lqmo JolQmTj ;+usf] ;dGjo / ;xof]udf SofG;/ la/fdLsf] klxrfg u/L cfjZos
ljj/0f ;+sng ul/Psf] 5 . ;a} >f]taf6 k|fKt laj/0f nfO{ IARC sf] ;dGjodf CanReg5 ;km\6j]/sf] ;xfotfn] ljj/0f gbf]xf]¥ofO{sg
tYof+s k|lali6 (Data Entry) tyf laZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5 .
s]–s] k|fKt eP<
!= sf7df08f} pkTosfdf gofF SofG;/ la/fdLsf] b/ k|lt ! nfv k'?ifdf (%=# / dlxnfdf (*=! kfO{Psf] 5 h'g b/ GLOBOCAN n] g]kfnsf] nflu cg'dfg u/]sf] eGbf k'?ifdf a9L tyf dlxnfdf lgs} sd xf] . tyfkL of] b/ ef/tsf laleGg zx/L /lh:6««L;+u t'ngfof]Uo 5 .
@= ?s'ddf gofF SofG;/ la/fdLsf] b/ sf7df08f} pkTosfdf eGbf sd b]lvPsf] 5 tyflk of] b/ ef/tsf u|fdL0f If]q;Fu t'nfgfof]Uo 5 .
#= l;/fxf, ;Kt/L, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L (SSDM) SofG;/ /lhi6«L -k|lt ! nfv k'?if $&=! / dlxnf $$=^_ df eg] gofF SofG;/ la/fdLsf] b/ g]kfn / ef/tsf zx/L tyf u|fdL0f If]qdf eGbf sd kfOPsf] 5 . o; SofG;/ /lhi6«Ldf yf]/} SofG;/ la/fdLx? e]l6g'sf laleGg sf/0fx? h:t}M la/fdLx? pkrf/sf nflu l;w} ef/tsf laleGg :yfgdf hfg ;Sg], SofG;/ /f]usf] klxrfg x'g g;Sg' (Under Diagnosis), 1fgsf] sdL cflb /x]sf 5g .
$= g]kfnsf] ;a} ef}uf]lns If]qx?df k|fKt SofG;/ tYof+sdf kmf]S;f]sf] SofG;/ pRr kfO{Psf] 5 -AAR: k|lt ! nfv, !*=!–)%=$ _
%= dlxnfx?df zx/LIf]qdf :tg SofG;/ a9L b]lvPsf] 5 eg] u|fdL0f If]qdf kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ a9L kfOPsf] 5 .
^= k]6 / lkQy}nLsf] SofG;/ klg ;a} e'efudf / b'a} lnËdf a9L b]lvPsf]] 5 . lhNnfsf] t'ngf ubf{ lkQy}nLsf] SofG;/ eQmk'/ / nlntk'/ lhNnfdf c? lhNnfeGbf w]/} b]lvPsf] 5 .
&= SSDM If]qdf k'?ifdf d'vsf] SofG;/ k|d'v SofG;/sf] ?kdf kfOPsf] 5 eg] c? If]qdf of] SofG;/ Tolt w]/} kfOPsf] 5}g .
ca s] ug'{k5{<
!= :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnon] /fli6«o SofG;/ lgoGq0f /0fgLlt agfO{ pknAw k|df0fsf] cfwf/df lglZrt If]qdf b]lvPsf SofG;/ /f]unfO{ nlIft ul/ SofG;/ pkrf/ tyf /f]syfdsf sfo{qmd agfO{ ;+rfng ug'{kb{5 .
@= SofG;/ ;DalGw ;a} sfo{ x]g{] ul/ :jf:Yo tyf hg;+Vof dGqfnondf Pp6f 5'§} SofG;/ zfvfsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
#= w'd|kfg / ;'tL{hGo kbfy{sf] k|of]hg tyf lalqm lat/0f sfo{df /f]syfd ug]{ . ;'tL{hGo kbfy{ k|of]usf] /f]syfd sfo{qmdnfO{ ;'rgf k|ljlw / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t eP/ ;lqmo agfpg] .
$= sf7df08f} pkTosf leq dlxnfdf :tg SofG;/ a9L b]lvPsfn] :tg SofG;/ ;DalGw hgr]tgf sfo{qmd, kl/If0f tyf k|f/lDes vf]h / pkrf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efasf/L agfpg] .
%= To;}u/L kf7]3/sf] d'vsf] SofG;/ /f]syfdsf nfuL SofG;/ ;DalGw hgr]tgf km}nfpg], kl/If0f ug{], vf]k nufpg], k|f/lDes vf]h tyf pkrf/ sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ .
^= u|fdL0f / cw{—zx/L If]qdf SofG;/sf nfuL k|f/lDes vf]h s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
&= k|d'v SofG;/x? h:t}M kmf]S;f], 6fpsf] / 3f6L, k]6, lkQy}nL cflbsf] hf]lvdsf sf/stTj ;DalGw yk cWoog cg';Gwfg ug]{ .
*= SofG;/ la/fdLsf] /]s8{df Ps?ktf, l8lh6n k|0ffnLsf] lasf; tyf cfaZos kg{] tYof+ssf] clgjfo{ pNn]v x'g]ul/ /]s8{ Aoj:yfnfO{ ;'b[9 agfpg] .
(= 36gf btf{ k|0ffnLdf d[To'btf{sf] pNn]Vo e'ldsf /xg] ePsfn] ;f] k|0ffnLdf d[To' btf{ pNn]v ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/;+u kxn ug{] .
!)= SofG;/ /f]syfdnfO{ k|efasf/L agfpg SofG;/ ;/efO{an (survival) ;DalGw cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{] .