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hydraulicsTRANSCRIPT
Code No: T0123/R07 Set No. 1
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Civil Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Derive an expression for the discharge through a channel by Chezy‘s formula.
(b) Determine the dimensions of the most economical trapezoidal earth linedChannel (Manning’s n = 0.020) to carry 14 m3/s at a slope of 4 in 10,000.
[8+8]
2. Derive the dynamic equation for gradually varied flow. Explain the assumptionsmade. [16]
3. The resisting torque T against the motion of a shaft in a lubricated bearing dependson the viscosity µ, the rotational speed N the diameter D and the bearing pressure
intensity p. Show that T = µ ND3φ(
p
µN
)
. [16]
4. A jet of water having a velocity of 60m/sec is deflected by a vane moving at 25m/secin a direction at 300 to the direction of jet. The water leaves the vane normally tothe motion of the vane. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles and find outthe vane angles for no shock at entry and exit. Take the relative velocity at theexit as 0.8 times the relative velocity at the entrance. [16]
5. A Pelton wheel working under a head of 500m has an overall efficiency of 85% andruns at 400 rpm, and developes 7000 kw of power. Taking the bucket speed as 0.47times the jet speed and assuming Cv = 0.97, find
(a) The wheel diameter and
(b) The jet diameter. [16]
6. (a) A model turbine 1m in diameter acting under a head of 2m runs at 150 rpm.Estimate the scale ratio if the prototype develops 20 KW under a head of 225m with a specific speed of 100.
(b) What are the physical indicators for the presence of cavitation in turbines?[10+6]
7. (a) Explain the classification of centrifugal pumps.
(b) A centrifugal pump 20 cm diameter running at 1450 rpm delivers 0.1m3/sagainst a head of 40 m with an efficiency of 90%. Determine its specific speed.Derive the formula you use. [8+8]
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Run-of river plants
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Code No: T0123/R07 Set No. 1
(b) Valley dam plants
(c) Diversion canal plants
(d) High head diversion plants. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: T0123/R07 Set No. 2
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Civil Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Show that relation between the alternate depths y1 and y2 in a rectangularchannel can be expressed by:
2Y 21 Y 2
2
(y1 + y2)= Y 3
c
(b) A trapezoidal channel has a bed width of 5 m, side slopes of 1 upon 1.5and Manning’s n = 0.015. Compute the critical slope and the correspondingdischarge for a critical depth of 2 m. [8+8]
2. (a) Explain the criterion for critical state of flow. Derive the expression?.
(b) In a flow through a rectangular channel for a certain discharge the Froudenumbers corresponding to the alternate depths are F1 and F2. Show that(
F1
F2
)2/3
=(2+F
2
2 )(2+F 2
1). [8+8]
3. Assuming that the viscous force F exerted by a fluid on a sphere of diameter Ddepends on the viscosity µ, mass density of the fluid “ρ”, and the velocity of thesphere ν, obtain and expression for the viscous force. [16]
4. A jet of water moving at 12m/sec impinges on vane shaped to deflect the jet through1200 when stationary. If the vane is moving at 5m/sec, find the angle of the jet sothat there is no shock at inlet. What is the absolute velocity of the jet at exit inmagnitude and direction and the work done per second? Assume that the vane issmooth. [16]
5. A Pelton wheel working under a head of 500m has an overall efficiency of 85% andruns at 400 rpm, and developes 7000 kw of power. Taking the bucket speed as 0.47times the jet speed and assuming Cv = 0.97, find
(a) The wheel diameter and
(b) The jet diameter. [16]
6. (a) What are the requirements of a good surge tank so that the efficiency ofhydropower installation is maximum?
(b) How is the Kaplan turbine governed? Explain with a neat diagram. [8+8]
7. (a) Draw a typical layout and explain the working of centrifugal pump. Alsoindicate various components.
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Code No: T0123/R07 Set No. 2
(b) Explain the method of selection of centrifugal pumps through the character-istic curves. [8+8]
8. (a) Explain the classification of hydroelectric power plants based on constructionalfeature.
(b) Explain different layouts of diversion canal power plants. [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: T0123/R07 Set No. 3
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Civil Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Derive the condition for depth of flow of a most economical circular channelsection subject to the condition for maximum velocity.
(b) Water flows in a channel of the shape of isosceles triangle of bed width ‘a’andsides making an. angle of 450 with the bed. Determine the relation betweendepth of flow d., and the bed width ‘a’ for maximum velocity and for maximumdischarge condition. Use Manning’s formula and note that d is less than 0.5a. [8+8]
2. (a) Write down the uses of hydraulic jump
(b) Define rapidly varied flow and gradually varied flow
(c) Derive the equation for specific energy curve. [4+4+8]
3. Assuming that the viscous force F exerted by a fluid on a sphere of diameter Ddepends on the viscosity µ, mass density of the fluid “ρ”, and the velocity of thesphere ν, obtain and expression for the viscous force. [16]
4. (a) Find the expression for the force exerted by the jet on a flat vertical platemoving in the direction of the jet.
(b) A jet of diameter 150mm strikes a flat plate normally with a velocity of20m/sec. The plate is moving with a velocity of 5m/sec in the directionof the jet and away from the jet. Find
i. The force exerted by the jet on the plate
ii. Wok done by the jet on the plate per second. [8+8]
5. A Francis turbine having an overall efficiency of 75% is required to give 200kwunder a head of 9m when running at 120 rpm. The velocity of periphery of thewheel and the velocity of flow at inlet are 3.47
√H and 1.15
√H respectively. If
the hydraulic losses in the turbine are 20% of the available energy, find
(a) Guide blade angle at inlet
(b) Wheel vane angles at the inlet and out let and
(c) diameter of the wheel at inlet and outlet. [16]
6. (a) What are the conditions for the kinematic similarity to exist between modeland prototype?
(b) How do you compare the performance of a turbine under different workingconditions? [8+8]
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Code No: T0123/R07 Set No. 3
7. (a) Define the terms:
i. Priming
ii. Manometric efficiency
iii. Net positive suction head.
(b) A centrifugal pump running at 1220 rpm delivers 0.25 m3/s against a headof 20m. Calculate the discharge, head and power if the speed is increased to1440 rpm. [3×3=9+7]
8. (a) What is meant by flow duration curve and power duration curve? How do youdifferentiate these? How would you construct such curves?
(b) Why hour to hour or day to day fluctuations occur in supply or demand tothe turbine? [8+8]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: T0123/R07 Set No. 4
II B.Tech II Semester Regular Examinations, April 2010HYDRAULICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY
(Civil Engineering)Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE QuestionsAll Questions carry equal marks
? ? ? ? ?
1. (a) Explain the terms rapidly varied flow and gradually varied flow.
(b) A trapezoidal channel with side slopes of 1:1 has to be designed to convey 10m
3/s at a velocity of 2 m/s, so that the amount of concrete lining for the bedand sides is the minimum.
i. Calculate the area of lining required for one metre length of the canal.
ii. If the Rugosity coefficient n = 0.015, calculate the bed slope of the canalfor uniform flow. [8+8]
2. Discuss in detail about the classification of surface profiles with neat sketches. [16]
3. (a) What do you mean by dimensionally homogenous equation? Give few exam-ples.
(b) What is meant by hydraulic similarity between a model and prototype. [8+8]
4. A jet of water having a velocity of 60m/sec is deflected by a vane moving at 25m/secin a direction at 300 to the direction of jet. The water leaves the vane normally tothe motion of the vane. Draw the inlet and outlet velocity triangles and find outthe vane angles for no shock at entry and exit. Take the relative velocity at theexit as 0.8 times the relative velocity at the entrance. [16]
5. Design a Pelton wheel for the following data.
(a) Gross head available = 170m
(b) Losses in penstock = 10% of gross head
(c) Power to be developed = 600 kw.
(d) Speed of the wheel = 360rpm
(e) Overall efficiency = 86% Assume any missing data suitably. [16]
6. (a) A hydraulic turbine has an output of 6600 KW when it works under a headof 25 m and runs at 100 rpm. What is the type of turbine. What would bespeed and power when it works under a head of 16m.
(b) What is the use of developing constant speed characteristic curves of a turbine?[10+6]
7. (a) Why centrifugal pumps are less efficient as compared to turbines?
(b) A centrifugal pump has an impeller diameter 25 cms, outlet width 5 cms, 1100rpm, working against a head of 11 m. Vane angle at outlet is 300. Manometricefficiency = 90%. Calculate the discharge. [6+10]
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Code No: T0123/R07 Set No. 4
8. Write short notes on:
(a) Run-of river plants
(b) Valley dam plants
(c) Diversion canal plants
(d) High head diversion plants. [16]
? ? ? ? ?
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Code No: T0222
II B.Tech II Semester (R07) Regular/Supply Examinations, Apr- 2010
ELECTRICAL MACHINES - II
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
1. a) Derive the EMF equation of a single phase transformer? Comment on different values of
transformation Ratio. (8M)
b) The approximate e.m.f/turn of 11000V/415V, 50Hz, 1- � transformer core type
transformer is 15V, maximum flux density is 1.5tesla. Find suitable number of primary and
secondary turns and net cross sectional area of the core. (8M)
2. a) Explain various losses existing in transformer and hence derive the condition for
maximum efficiency of a transformer. (8M)
b) The maximum efficiency of 50 KVA transformer is 97.4% and occurs at 90% of the full
load. Calculate the efficiency of transformer at
( i) Full load, 0.8 power factor lagging
(ii) Half full load, 0.9 power factor lagging (8M)
3. a) From fundamentals, develop the neat diagram of approximate equivalent circuit of
transformer (8M)
b) A 10 KVA, 2000/400 V, 1-� transformer has resistance and leakage reactance as follows
R1 = 50�; X1 =12.5�; R2 =0.2�; X2 =0.5�. Determine the secondary terminal voltage when
it is supplying rated current at 0.8 lagging factor. Neglect no-load current. (8M)
4. a) With neat phasor diagram, explain the voltage regulation of three-phase transformer.
(8M)
b) An ideal three phase step down transformer connected in delta/star delivers power to a
balanced 3-phase load of 120 kVA at 0.8 pf. The input line voltage is 11 kV and the turn’s
ratio of transformer (phase to phase) is 10. Determine the line voltage, line currents, phase
voltages, phase currents on both primary & secondary sides. (8M)
5. a) Explain the differences between squirrel cage and Slip ring Induction Motor. (8M)
b) The power input to a 3-� Induction Motor is 100KW. The stator losses are equal to 2KW.
Find the mechanical power output and rotor copper losses; if the motor runs with a slip of
4%. Mechanical losses are equal to 2.5KW. (8M)
1 of 2
SET - 1
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