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High Dynamic Range Better Pixels for better TV

Arnd Paulsen 10. February 2016

Table of Contents

Overview / Status

Consumer Research

Technical Deep Dive

Summary

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.

High Dynamic Range

Better Pixels for better TV

Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)

Overview / Status



4

HIGHER

RESOLUTION (e.g. UHD and above)

MORE PIXELS

GREATER

COLOR

GAMUT (More Colorful

Pixels)

BETTER PIXELS

HIGHER

FRAME RATE (HFR)

FASTER PIXELS

LARGER

LUMINANCE

RANGE (Brighter and

Darker Pixels)

Enabled by Dolby Vision

Next Generation Visual Experience

Not all of these elements have to be combined simultaneously.


Brightness in natural Settings


Luminous intensity is a photometric quantity measured in lumens per steradian (lm/sr), or candela (cd).

Luminance is a photometric measure of the luminous intensity per unit area of light travelling in a given direction. The SI unit for luminance is candela per square metre (cd/m2).

A non-SI term for the same unit is the "nit". Often the backlight of a TV panel is characterized by a number of several hundreds nits.

(Source Wikipedia)

15 Nits

133.000 Nits

15 Nits 0,25 Nits

173.000 Nits

15 Nits

300 Nits

185 Nits

300.000 Nits

6000 Nits

10.000 Nits

What We

See

Human Visual

Adaptation


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminous_intensity

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luminance

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela_per_square_metre

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela_per_square_metre

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candela_per_square_metre

Image Delivery to the Human Eye

HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc. Oct. 11, 2016 – Vertraulich für FKTG-Mitglieder (Stuttgart)

Content Creation and Delivery Workflow


Content Delivery in Today’s Blu-ray Infrastructure


Consumer Research Brightness & Blacks HDR vs. Standard Today


Experimental Display (Dolby Research)


This display consists of a digital cinema projector pointed at a 23” monochrome LCD panel.

The digital projector image and the LCD panel are dual modulated to create a display capable of a black level of 0.004 cd/m2 and a peak white level of 20,000 cd/m2.


When exposed to two displays,

9 out of 10 of consumers

surveyed could see a marked

difference and preferred the TV

with Dolby Vision technology

versus a standard HD display

Technical Deep Dive Color Gamut and Brightness


Color Gamut

• CIE 1976 u’,v’ diagram:

– more perceptually uniform than CIE 1931 x,y

• Key Gamuts:

– Rec 2020 primaries

– DCI P3

– Rec 709

– Pointer’s Gamut of real-world colors (ignores color light sources)


But Color Gamut does NOT describe the human color perception Color Volume


Distinction between color gamut area and color volume


• When comparing color gamuts, the brightness (intensity) is often neglected

• To describe how a color appears to a human (color appearance), need both color and it’s intensity

• Use the range of colors and intensities to describe a color volume

– The palette of all available colors to render artistic intent

• Need a very bright white in order to get a bright color!

– P3 blue is only 7nits with 100nit white

– …36nits with 500nit white

– …722nits with 10Knit white


Color Volume of Dolby Pulsar Display


• Dolby monitor

– 4000nit

– P3

– 2011

• Used for grading images on the following slides

Dolby Pulsar 4000nits Rec709, 100nits


Flowers


Out of Gamut Pixels

In Gamut Pixels

Rec709, 100nits


Flames


Out of Gamut Pixels

In Gamut Pixels

Rec709, 100nits


Cars 1

Out of Gamut Pixels

In Gamut Pixels

Rec709, 100nits


Problems with today’s Consumer Digital Video Content Delivery System

Consumer displays support more dynamic range and gamut than present in today’s Blu-Ray, DTV, OTT video signal

Today’s video signal can’t carry all relevant information

Display Mapping controlled by Metadata

is important.


HDR Delivery in the Entertainment Ecosystem


Limitation by Standard


Recommendation ITU-R BT.709-5 (April 2002) defines parameter values for the HDTV, e.g. the well known color gamut implemented in all displays as of today.

Recommendation ITU-R BT.1886 (March 2011) defines the Reference electro-optical transfer function (EOTF) for HDTV flat panel displays.

The color gamut (as defined by the rare earth phosphors used)

The brightness was limited to ~100 candela/m2

UHD as specified in Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020 (June 2014) was the first standard to partially break free from these constraints, however it retained

– the 100 candela/m2 CRT reference brightness limit and

– the corresponding Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) based on the gamma characteristic of the CRT.


Industry Standards leading towards HDR


The Standard SMPTE ST 2084 (2014) defines a High Dynamic Range Electro-Optical Transfer Function (EOTF) for Mastering Reference Displays, not based on the Gamma curve of a CRT, but directly based on the contrast sensitivity ratio of the human eye (PQ – Perceptual Quantizer).

ITU-R BT.2100 defines PQ and HLG

Mastering: The Standard SMPTE ST 2086 (2014) Mastering Metadata (Color Volume Metadata, static Metadata).

Distribution: A new standard is in progress SMPTE ST.2094 and beyond for the definition of “Content-Dependent Metadata for Color Volume Transformation of High Luminance and Wide Color Gamut Images” (dynamic Metadata).

HDMI 2.0a supports PQ and SMPTE 2086 static metadata (BD-Player -> TV) – HDR10

Submissions to DVB have been made (key words PQ10, HLG10)


Summary And HDR Proposals


Better Pixels - The Difference


Enabling creation and distribution of content with High Dynamic Range and Wide Color Gamut

Today’s Consumer Experience HDR Consumer Experience


Today’s Consumer Experience HDR Consumer Experience

http://www.dolby.com/us/en/brands/dolby-vision.html





Dolby Vision Flexibility

Works across device, resolutions, and content types.

The signal sends both a base layer for non Dolby Vision TVs and enhancement layer which contains the Dolby Vision metadata


Dolby Vision Compatibility

Accommodates a range of next generation formats.

Delivers ultimate experience with Dolby Vision mastered content and remains backwards-compatible to standard SDR devices.


Base Layer (e.g. as of today: BT.709 Color, BT.1886 Gamma)

Standard Dynamic Range Experience

on today‘s TV

Best Dolby Vision Experience

Dolby Vision Enhancement Layer


HDR System Proposals (WiP, tbc, Stand IBC 2015)


Dolby Vision:

Rec 709/Rec 2020/XYZ (any display gamut), PQ with MD (14-bit ‘gamma equivalent’) - single layer (non-backwards

compatible) | dual layer (backwards-compatible, uncompromised)

JTP joint Philips/Technicolor

HLG joint BBC/NHK (Hybrid Log Gamma)

Sony: SLOG-3

…

HDR10: UHD Blu-ray Disc base layer for HDR (10-bit), no defined display mapping (hence up to the TV manufacturer)

HDMI 2.0a supports PQ and SMPTE 2086 static metadata to support HDR10 / BDA FE source devices to connect to TVs. This is one of the most relevant HDR standardization effort that already concluded.


IFA’2016 – HDR bei allen Marken gesehen (alphabetically)

• Grundig

• Hisense

• Loewe (Dolby Vision)

• LG (Dolby Vision)

• Panasonic

• Philips

• Samsung

• Sharp

• Skyworth (Dolby Vision)


• HDR oft unspezifisch (ohne konkrete Formatangabe)

• Dafür Abgrenzung mittels (Marketing-) Eigennamen:

– HDR, HDR +, HDR Perfect, HDR1000, X-tended Dyn. Range, …

• Viele Vergleichsdemonstrationen (SDR/HDR, WGC, HFR, OLED/Quantum Dots), gut gemachte Schaubilder/Experimente

• Live HDR broadcasting

• Sony

• TCL (Dolby Vision)

• Toshiba

• Vestel (Dolby Vision)

• uvam.


IFA’2016 – HDR-Formate


• HDR-Formate, Versuch einer Positionierung

– HLG

– HDR10

– Dolby Vision


JANUARY 26, 2016 HDR – High Dynamic Range - Better Pixels for better TV © 2016 Dolby Laboratories, Inc.

www.dolby.com/dolby-cinema

http://www.dolby.com/dolby-cinema



Dolby Vision Titles Online (Netflix, VUDU)


Über 100h Dolby Vision bei Netflix

(auch in Deutschland)


Questions?

Arnd Paulsen

[email protected]

www.dolby.com/vision

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.dolby.com/vision

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