High Energy Density Physics related to

Inertial Fusion with Intense Ion and

Laser Beams at GSI and FAIR in Darmstadt

Dieter H.H. Hoffmann

Radiation- and Nuclear Physics

Technical University Darmstadt

HEDgeHOB Collaboration

Currently guest at : Chinese

Acad. Science, IMP, Lanzhou

IAEA Vienna March 2015 Workshop Physics and Technology of Inertial Fusion

2

Topics:

Remarks on Inertial Fusion

Properties of Heavy Ion Beams

Ion Beam Plasma Interaction

Generating WARM DENSE MATTER with Ion Beams

Diagnostics: Proton Microscopy

Physics Technology and Fusion Energy

40 years

Indirectly heated Fusion -Target

Hohlraumtarget

Surface

heating

by radiation

Compression

Ignition

Burn

Fast Ignition Scenario with Heavy Ion Driver

M. Roth, TU-Darmstadt

Heavy Ion Driven Ignition Facility

(HIDIF)

Ion- and Laserbeam Interaction with Matter

RelativisticT ~ mc2

Z, Θ pinch

Tokamak

SUN

Fusion-IC

Metals

Semicond.

StellarCorona

WhiteDwarth

Jupiter

B. Dwarth

TF

Sparcarc

1023

1020

Z4

26

22

18

14

3 5 7 9

e+e- pairs

Plasmaprocessing

Debye

Big Bang

Γ ~ 1

Γ ~ 1

nλ3 ~ 1

PHASE DIAGRAM OF MATTER

1 Mb

1 Gb

1 Tb

Lg T

14

Lg

N

MHD

Ry

Γ~1000

100

Flames

Ionization

Γ~104

HE

FAIRHeavy Ion Beams

Big Bang

V.E. Fortov

GSI, Darmstadt

ИТЭФ, Москва HIFS-VNL, Berkeley

Ion Beam Facilities for HEDP (Past)

IMP, Lanzhou

Rare Isotope Science Project

KoreaM. Chung10

Nazarbayev University at Astana, Kazakhstan is

building a facility for HIF/HEDP research

The NURA Facility for HIF and HEDP Research

Control Room

Accelerator Hall

Target Fab and

Experiment Prep

Clean Room

Target Area

Clean Room

Diagnostic

Laser

Drive Laser

Compressor

From Drive Laser

NDCX-2 is 14.5m 3MeV Li+

The new NURA

beam line is ~ 12 m

long

~mm spot-size

~µm thickness

~30 nC Li at 3 MeV (NDCX-2)

~1 ns

high intensity, short

pulse ion beam

Uniform ion beam heating to create

WDM (~ 1 eV temperature)

Ion Beam Facilities for HEDP (Future)

FAIR, Darmstadt HIAF, China (Lanzhou)

SIS-18 FAIR(Ph-I) HIAF (V1)

E0 0.4 GeV/u 1 GeV/u 1.1 GeV/u

N 4×109 4×1011 1×1012

Etotal 0.06 kJ 15 kJ 40 kJ

Sf ~1 mm ~1 mm 1mm - 0.5 mm

τ 130 ns 50 ns 130ns - 33 ns

Es ~1 kJ/g 120 kJ/g 300 kJ/g-1.2MJ/g

Eρ 2×1010 J/m3 2.4×1012 J/m3 6×1012J/m3 -2.4×1013

J/m3

Beam Parameters

FAIR Construction

Site

C. Maurer, L. Bozyk, P. Spiller

Copper target with

Au coating

Yulia Shutko, S. Udrea, P. Forck

Yulia Shutko, S. Udrea, P. Forck

Yulia Shutko, S. Udrea, P. Forck

Yulia Shutko, S. Udrea, P. Forck

Intense Beam Diagnostics

Said El Moussati, S. Udrea

34

HEDgeHOB Experimental Program

Heating Matter with Intense Ion Beams

Ne10+ beam at E0 =300MeV/u penetrating into aKr crystalIntense Pulse

of Heavy Ions

Bragg Peak

][10602.12

19

sg

J

r

N

dx

dE

EP b

b ⋅⋅

⋅

⋅== −

πτ

τρ

ρ

Pρ : Specific Deposition Power [W/g]

τb: Beam bunch length [s]

Eρ : Specific Deposition Energy [J/g]

Physics of Generating High Energy Densityin Matter with Ion Beams

HED regions of the phase diagram accessible by intense

heavy ion beams

What are the most interesting problems for the next 10 years ?What type of experiments can be done at new international facilities

Heavy ion beam can be used as an efficient diagnostic tool for HED experiments

heavy ionbeam

solid target

time-resolvingenergy loss

spectrometer

Energy Loss Dynamics (ELD)

SIS-18 heavyion beam

Target

target chamber

collimatorsfast

scintillator

streakcamera

ELD provides direct quantitative information about the physical state of the interior of the target

Ene

rgy los

s [%

]

Time [ns]

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100

SESAME

ChTEOS

experiment

238U, 1.2×109

190 MeV/u }solid

Ne200

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

300 400 500 600 700 800

Ene

rgy los

s [%

]

Time [ns]

SESAMEChTEOSexperiment

238U, 1.8×108

307 MeV/u }solid

Ne

D. Varentsov et al.: Europhys. Lett. 64 (2003) 57; Laser and Part. Beams 20 (2002) 485; Nucl. Instr. Meth. B174 (2001) 215.

Verification of EOS model for neon

For HEDgeHOB experiments: main SIS-100 heating pulse (50 ns)

complementary 90º ion beam (200ns-1.4µs) from SIS-18time-resolved target density along the axis and in the transverse plane,

stopping properties of dense non-ideal plasmas

HEDP experiments with intense heavy ion beams

HHT: High energy High Temperature:

ions up to U, 50 – 450 AMeV

pulse duration 100 – 1000 ns

focal spot size 0.15 – 1.5 mm

diagnostics for intense, short ion pulses

Beams for HEDP experiments:238U73+, 350 AMeV, e-cooled

2 – 4·109 ions in 100–300 ns bunch

≤ 300 µm (FWHM) spot at the target

Solid metallic targets:

specific energy: ~ kJ/g

temperature: up to 2 eV

pressure: in multi-kbar range

N. Tahir

P. Lang, M. Endres, D. Varentsov, S. Udrea See also Frank Merrill on Tuesday

PMQ parameter Value

Inner aperture, 2·Ri 15 mm

Outer dimensions, 2·Ro x L 79 x 100 mm

Internal ring magnetization 1.16 T

External ring magnetization 1.19 T

Pole tip field 1.7 T

Field non-linearity < 0.75 %

Permanent Magnetic Quadrupoles (PMQ) – designHigh Gradient Split-Pole Quadrupole

• Extremely High-Level Gradient - Maximal Demagnetization Factor

• Flexible Choice of the REPM Coercivity on Magnetization• Minimal Demagnetization in Median Planes (in Critical Spaces)

• Gradient – Fixed

Technical Proposal

PRIOR: Proton Microscope at FAIR

COSY simulation of magnetic optics

Magnetic aperture diameter 40 mm

Pole tip field

1.3 T

Module length

40 mm

PRIOR: Proton Microscope at FAIR

ITEP proton microscope

QSM quadrupole

Four Modules Assembly Axis

Gradient Distribution

Blue – field simulation

Red – field measurements 1 mm1 mm

The HEDgeHOB collaboration:Studies on high energy density matter with

intense heavy ion and laser beams at FAIR(officially inaugurated: June 2005)

>200 Scientists

44 Institutes

15 Countries

http://hedgehob.physik.tu-darmstadt.de70